taxonID	type	format	identifier	references	title	description	created	creator	contributor	publisher	audience	source	license	rightsHolder	datasetID
7262436121390C112C33ADB0FB78473E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14814583/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14814583	Figure 4. Representative embryos that have arrested development in diapause II (38–42 somites).	Figure 4. Representative embryos that have arrested development in diapause II (38–42 somites).	2018-11-30	Furness, Andrew I;Reznick, David N;Tatarenkov, Andrey;Avise, John C		Zenodo	biologists	Furness, Andrew I;Reznick, David N;Tatarenkov, Andrey;Avise, John C			
7262436121390C112C33ADB0FB78473E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14814585/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14814585	Figure 6. Maximum likelihood phylogeny (ln likelihood = −25470.81745) obtained with RAxML for the combined data set with six partitions. Maximum likelihood bootstrap support percentages are shown above branches. Coloured circles on branch tips denote collection localities detailed in Table 1 and depicted in Figure 1. Clade shading highlights well-supported clusters that might correspond to species. Fish pictures are representative males of the denoted population/species and were kindly provided by Frans Vermeulen.	Figure 6. Maximum likelihood phylogeny (ln likelihood = −25470.81745) obtained with RAxML for the combined data set with six partitions. Maximum likelihood bootstrap support percentages are shown above branches. Coloured circles on branch tips denote collection localities detailed in Table 1 and depicted in Figure 1. Clade shading highlights well-supported clusters that might correspond to species. Fish pictures are representative males of the denoted population/species and were kindly provided by Frans Vermeulen.	2018-11-30	Furness, Andrew I;Reznick, David N;Tatarenkov, Andrey;Avise, John C		Zenodo	biologists	Furness, Andrew I;Reznick, David N;Tatarenkov, Andrey;Avise, John C			
7262436121390C112C33ADB0FB78473E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14814579/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14814579	Figure 3. Top panel, duration of diapause II (mean + SEM) for embryos incubated in water and on peat moss. This is the number of days for which embryos arrested development in the late somite stage. The duration of diapause II did not differ among the four species that exhibited diapause II (generalized least-squares model that accounts for unequal variance among species: F = 2.418 P = 0.083). Bottom panel, duration of delayed hatching/diapause III (DIII; mean + SEM) for embryos incubated in water. This is the number of days from first reaching the prehatching stage (i.e. when development was complete) until embryo hatch. The duration of delayed hatching/diapause III differed significantly among species (F = 7.3, P <0.0001). Rivulus (Laimosemion) gransabanae showed the shortest period of delayed hatching after development was complete (2.57 ± 1.27 days); therefore, this species is used as a baseline for comparison with the other species (i.e. the intercept in the generalized least-squares model). Kryptolebias marmoratus, Rivulus (Anablepsoides) hartii, Rivulus (Laimosemion) rectocaudatus and Rivulus (Laimosemion) tomasi had significantly longer periods of delayed hatching/diapause III than R. (L.) gransabanae (P <0.05). Rivulus (Laimosemion) xiphidius and Rivulus (Laimosemion) sp. Atabapo did not differ significantly from R. (L.) gransabanae. In the case of R. (L.) sp. Atabapo, this is attributable to the extremely high variance and small sample size.	Figure 3. Top panel, duration of diapause II (mean + SEM) for embryos incubated in water and on peat moss. This is the number of days for which embryos arrested development in the late somite stage. The duration of diapause II did not differ among the four species that exhibited diapause II (generalized least-squares model that accounts for unequal variance among species: F = 2.418 P = 0.083). Bottom panel, duration of delayed hatching/diapause III (DIII; mean + SEM) for embryos incubated in water. This is the number of days from first reaching the prehatching stage (i.e. when development was complete) until embryo hatch. The duration of delayed hatching/diapause III differed significantly among species (F = 7.3, P <0.0001). Rivulus (Laimosemion) gransabanae showed the shortest period of delayed hatching after development was complete (2.57 ± 1.27 days); therefore, this species is used as a baseline for comparison with the other species (i.e. the intercept in the generalized least-squares model). Kryptolebias marmoratus, Rivulus (Anablepsoides) hartii, Rivulus (Laimosemion) rectocaudatus and Rivulus (Laimosemion) tomasi had significantly longer periods of delayed hatching/diapause III than R. (L.) gransabanae (P <0.05). Rivulus (Laimosemion) xiphidius and Rivulus (Laimosemion) sp. Atabapo did not differ significantly from R. (L.) gransabanae. In the case of R. (L.) sp. Atabapo, this is attributable to the extremely high variance and small sample size.	2018-11-30	Furness, Andrew I;Reznick, David N;Tatarenkov, Andrey;Avise, John C		Zenodo	biologists	Furness, Andrew I;Reznick, David N;Tatarenkov, Andrey;Avise, John C			
7262436121390C112C33ADB0FB78473E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14814575/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14814575	Figure 1. Map of South America overlaid with major river networks (NASA image created by Jesse Allen using data provided by University of Maryland and HydroSHEDS). In all panels, the light region is the drainage basin of the Amazon river. The drainage basin of the Orinoco river is directly north of the Amazon basin and encompasses the majority of our Venezuelan collection localities. Pink lines denote country boundaries. Coloured circles correspond to collection localities detailed in Table 1.	Figure 1. Map of South America overlaid with major river networks (NASA image created by Jesse Allen using data provided by University of Maryland and HydroSHEDS). In all panels, the light region is the drainage basin of the Amazon river. The drainage basin of the Orinoco river is directly north of the Amazon basin and encompasses the majority of our Venezuelan collection localities. Pink lines denote country boundaries. Coloured circles correspond to collection localities detailed in Table 1.	2018-11-30	Furness, Andrew I;Reznick, David N;Tatarenkov, Andrey;Avise, John C		Zenodo	biologists	Furness, Andrew I;Reznick, David N;Tatarenkov, Andrey;Avise, John C			
7262436121390C112C33ADB0FB78473E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14814577/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14814577	Figure 2. Male and female Rivulus (Laimosemion) sp. Atabapo from the Maroa locality. Embryos that are in the dispersed cell stage, diapause II and the prehatching stage (i.e. delayed hatching or diapause III).	Figure 2. Male and female Rivulus (Laimosemion) sp. Atabapo from the Maroa locality. Embryos that are in the dispersed cell stage, diapause II and the prehatching stage (i.e. delayed hatching or diapause III).	2018-11-30	Furness, Andrew I;Reznick, David N;Tatarenkov, Andrey;Avise, John C		Zenodo	biologists	Furness, Andrew I;Reznick, David N;Tatarenkov, Andrey;Avise, John C			
7262436121390C112C33ADB0FB78473E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14814581/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14814581	Figure 5. Embryological divergence along alternative developmental pathways in Rivulus (Laimosemion) sp. Atabapo. The embryo on the left has entered diapause II at the 38-somite stage, and the embryo on the right is at the same stage of development but has skipped diapause II and remained direct developing. Morphological and physiological divergence begins before the stage at which diapause II is entered, during a period of supposed developmental constraint when the organ systems are being developed, represented as the narrow bottleneck of the hourglass model (see also Furness et al., 2015b). This ‘phylotypic period’ is reportedly conserved among vertebrates, yet within single species of killifish prominent developmental divergence occurs. Hourglass drawing taken from Richardson et al. (1997).	Figure 5. Embryological divergence along alternative developmental pathways in Rivulus (Laimosemion) sp. Atabapo. The embryo on the left has entered diapause II at the 38-somite stage, and the embryo on the right is at the same stage of development but has skipped diapause II and remained direct developing. Morphological and physiological divergence begins before the stage at which diapause II is entered, during a period of supposed developmental constraint when the organ systems are being developed, represented as the narrow bottleneck of the hourglass model (see also Furness et al., 2015b). This ‘phylotypic period’ is reportedly conserved among vertebrates, yet within single species of killifish prominent developmental divergence occurs. Hourglass drawing taken from Richardson et al. (1997).	2018-11-30	Furness, Andrew I;Reznick, David N;Tatarenkov, Andrey;Avise, John C		Zenodo	biologists	Furness, Andrew I;Reznick, David N;Tatarenkov, Andrey;Avise, John C			
7262436121390C112C33ADB0FB78473E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14814587/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14814587	Figure 7. Parsimony reconstruction of mid-embryonic diapause (i.e. diapause II) in Rivulus (Laimosemion).	Figure 7. Parsimony reconstruction of mid-embryonic diapause (i.e. diapause II) in Rivulus (Laimosemion).	2018-11-30	Furness, Andrew I;Reznick, David N;Tatarenkov, Andrey;Avise, John C		Zenodo	biologists	Furness, Andrew I;Reznick, David N;Tatarenkov, Andrey;Avise, John C			
