identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
FE4DF734067D537AAC0459006C0CF0D7.text	FE4DF734067D537AAC0459006C0CF0D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anemina F. Haas 1969	<div><p>Genus Anemina F. Haas, 1969</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Anodon arcaeformis Heude, 1877 accepted as Anemina harlandi (Baird &amp; H. Adams, 1867), comb. nov.</p><p>Anemina harlandi (Baird &amp; H. Adams, 1867), comb. nov.</p><p>Anemina arcaeformis (Heude, 1877) — Wu et al. 2025: 39. Syn. nov.</p><p>Anemina euscaphys (Heude, 1879) — He and Zhuang 2013: 31.</p><p>Anemina fluminea (Heude, 1877) — He and Zhuang 2013: 32.</p><p>Anemina globosula (Heude, 1878) — He and Zhuang 2013: 33.</p><p>Anodon arcaeformis Heude, 1877: pl. 19, fig. 40.</p><p>Anodon euscaphys Heude, 1879: pl. 35, fig. 68.</p><p>Anodon fluminea Heude, 1877: pl. 20, fig. 42.</p><p>Anodon globosula Heude, 1878: pl. 25, fig. 54.</p><p>Anodonta harlandi Baird &amp; H. Adams, 1867: 492, pl. 26, fig. 3 a.</p><p>Anodon torrentis Heude, 1878: pl. 29, fig. 61.</p><p>Anodonta (Haasiella) arcaeformis (Heude, 1877) — Korobkov 1954: 80.</p><p>Anodonta (Haasiella) euscaphys (Heude, 1879) — Korobkov 1954: 80.</p><p>Anodonta arcaeformis (Heude, 1877) — Lindholm 1925: 137.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>• Anemina harlandi comb. nov., NCUMB_AH 251004, 05, were collected in <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.1849&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.08" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.1849/lat 31.08)">Chenshan Botanical Garden</a> (31.0800°N, 121.1849°E), Shanghai City, China (Fig. 3) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Shell medium-sized, expanded, oval, thin, sub-glossy, opaque. Umbo inflated. Without pseudocardinal teeth.</p><p>Habitat and distribution.</p><p>This species is widespread in China where it lives in freshwater ponds, streams, reservoirs, and lakes.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Specimens of Anemina harlandi comb. nov. were collected near the type locality (Figs 1, 3) and correspond well to the illustrations provided in the original description. Morphological comparisons reveal no significant differences in shell shape between Anemina harlandi comb. nov. and Anemina arcaeformis . This conclusion is further supported by the phylogenetic analysis (Fig. 4). Therefore, Anemina arcaeformis syn. nov. is herein proposed as a junior synonym of Anemina harlandi comb. nov. Currently, this species represents the only extant member of the genus Anemina F. Haas, 1969 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE4DF734067D537AAC0459006C0CF0D7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Chen, Hui;Qin, Wei-Hua;Du, Wen-Hui;Xiang, Hong-Quan;He, Yue-Ming;Guo, Ge;Chu, Ke-Lin;Wu, Xiao-Ping	Chen, Hui, Qin, Wei-Hua, Du, Wen-Hui, Xiang, Hong-Quan, He, Yue-Ming, Guo, Ge, Chu, Ke-Lin, Wu, Xiao-Ping (2026): Taxonomic revision of the freshwater mussel subtribe Cristariina (Bivalvia, Unionidae) in China: description of a new species and new synonyms. ZooKeys 1268: 47-60, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1268.173464
B12DFFA4544C5E7BBB367F5AA4BC3F01.text	B12DFFA4544C5E7BBB367F5AA4BC3F01.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cristaria liboi Chen, Xiang, He & Guo 2026	<div><p>Cristaria liboi Chen, Xiang, He &amp; Guo sp. nov.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype: • NCUMB_CL 250901, shell length 185.21 mm, shell width 65.94 mm, shell height 111.25 mm (Fig. 2 I – L), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.8649&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.6296" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.8649/lat 31.6296)">Furong Creek</a> (31.6296°N, 104.8649°E), Mianyang City, Sichuan Province, China, in August 2025.</p><p>Paratypes: • 1 specimen, NCUMB_CL 250902, shell length 185.13 mm, shell width 66.74 mm, shell height 113.85 mm (Fig. 2 M – P), locality and habitat same as holotype .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Shell winged, large, oval, thick, solid; wing not obvious, posterior ridges high and obtuse. Umbo often eroded. Muscle scar obvious. Incurrent aperture without papillae arranged. Nacre lavender or white.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Shell winged, large, oval, black, thick, solid; wing not obvious. Posterior ridges high and obtuse; ventral margin curved; posterior slope prominent; periostracum sculptured with thick and obvious concentric growth lines. Right and left valve with an almost completely degraded pseudocardinal teeth and a short lateral tooth. Hinge well developed. Umbo often eroded. Muscle scar obvious. Nacre lavender or white (Fig. 2 I – P). Incurrent aperture without papillae arranged and excurrent aperture with obvious papillae arranged in one row; incurrent aperture papillae are more than twice the size of the excurrent aperture, and both have black pigmentation (Fig. 5 A).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The name of this species is in honour of Mr Li Bo, a conchologist who collected the specimens.</p><p>Vernacular name.</p><p>李氏冠蚌 (li shi guan bang).</p><p>Habitat and distribution.</p><p>This species is currently only known to be distributed in the Furong Creek, Mianyang City, Sichuan Province (Fig. 1).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The species can be distinguished from other species in the genus by its characteristics, such as the incurrent aperture without arranged papillae and the wings being not obvious (Fig. 5 A, B).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B12DFFA4544C5E7BBB367F5AA4BC3F01	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Chen, Hui;Qin, Wei-Hua;Du, Wen-Hui;Xiang, Hong-Quan;He, Yue-Ming;Guo, Ge;Chu, Ke-Lin;Wu, Xiao-Ping	Chen, Hui, Qin, Wei-Hua, Du, Wen-Hui, Xiang, Hong-Quan, He, Yue-Ming, Guo, Ge, Chu, Ke-Lin, Wu, Xiao-Ping (2026): Taxonomic revision of the freshwater mussel subtribe Cristariina (Bivalvia, Unionidae) in China: description of a new species and new synonyms. ZooKeys 1268: 47-60, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1268.173464
446B35275FB555E18BC7B349947FD58F.text	446B35275FB555E18BC7B349947FD58F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cristaria plicata (Leach 1814)	<div><p>Cristaria plicata (Leach, 1814)</p><p>Anodon herculeus G. B. Sowerby II, 1867: pl. 3, fig. 7.</p><p>Anodonta (Dipsas) herculea von Middendorff, 1848: 302–304 .</p><p>Anodonta cristata Blainville, 1825: 631 .</p><p>Anodonta dipsas Blainville, 1825: 538, pl. 66, fig. 3.</p><p>Anodonta spatiosa Clessin, 1876: 173, pl. 57, fig. 2.</p><p>Craspedodonta smaragdina (Anton, 1838) — Clessin 1876: 93.</p><p>Cristaria beirensis Y. - Y. Liu &amp; W. - Z. Zhang, 1982: 35 . Syn. nov.</p><p>Cristaria (Cristaria) plicata (Leach, 1814) — Haas 1969: 387.</p><p>Cristaria herculea (Middendorff, 1847) — Vinarski &amp; Kantor, 2016: 45.</p><p>Cristaria tuberculata Schumacher, 1817: 22 .</p><p>Dianisotis chinensis Rafinesque, 1831: 7 .</p><p>Dipsas bialatus (I. Lea, 1829) — Morle 1877: 266.</p><p>Dipsas occidentalis Heude, 1885: pl. 66, fig. 129.</p><p>Dipsas plicata Leach, 1814: 120, pl. 53.</p><p>Dipsas plicatus Leach, 1814: 120, pl. 53.</p><p>Symphynota bialata I. Lea, 1829: 445, pl. 14, fig. 24.</p><p>Symphynota magnifica I. Lea, 1834 sensu Mabille &amp; le Mesle, 1866 — Brandt 1974: 278.</p><p>Unio (Anodonta) smaragdinus Anton, 1838: 16 .</p><p>Unio smaragdina Anton, 1838: 16 .</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>• Cristaria beirensis syn. nov., NCUMB_CB 251001, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=119.7722&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.2083" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 119.7722/lat 49.2083)">Hexin Park</a>, Hailar District, Hulunbuir City, Inner Mongolia, China (49.2083°N, 119.7722°E) (Fig. 2 A – D) ; • C. plicata, NCUMB_CB 251002, collected in <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=111.6459&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.9823" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 111.6459/lat 28.9823)">Yiyang City</a> (28.5969°N, 112.3581°E) (Fig. 2 E, F) , NCUMB_CB 251003, collected in <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=111.6459&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.9823" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 111.6459/lat 28.9823)">Changde City</a> (28.9823°N, 111.6459°E), Hunan Province, China (Fig. 2 G, H) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Shell winged, large, oval, solid; wing obvious. Muscle scar obvious. Nacre lavender or white.</p><p>Habitat and distribution.</p><p>This species is widespread in China, Russia, and Japan where it lives in freshwater ponds, streams, reservoirs, and lakes, typically on soft substrates composed of sand and mud.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Our specimens of C. beirensis were collected from near its type locality. Both morphological comparison (Fig. 2 A – H) and molecular evidence from the phylogenetic tree (Fig. 4) demonstrate a lack of significant differences. Therefore, we formally regard Cristaria beirensis as a junior synonym of Cristaria plicata .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/446B35275FB555E18BC7B349947FD58F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Chen, Hui;Qin, Wei-Hua;Du, Wen-Hui;Xiang, Hong-Quan;He, Yue-Ming;Guo, Ge;Chu, Ke-Lin;Wu, Xiao-Ping	Chen, Hui, Qin, Wei-Hua, Du, Wen-Hui, Xiang, Hong-Quan, He, Yue-Ming, Guo, Ge, Chu, Ke-Lin, Wu, Xiao-Ping (2026): Taxonomic revision of the freshwater mussel subtribe Cristariina (Bivalvia, Unionidae) in China: description of a new species and new synonyms. ZooKeys 1268: 47-60, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1268.173464
6FC71910C2015C99822F009482989FAC.text	6FC71910C2015C99822F009482989FAC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cristaria Schumacher 1817	<div><p>Genus Cristaria Schumacher, 1817</p><p>Taxonomic note.</p><p>Based on morphological and molecular evidence presented in this study, Cristaria beirensis (Xiong &amp; Liu, 1994) is herein treated as a junior synonym of Cristaria plicata (Leach, 1814), (syn. nov.). The following description and discussion of C. plicata encompass the characteristics of both nominal forms.</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Cristaria plicata (Leach, 1814) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6FC71910C2015C99822F009482989FAC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Chen, Hui;Qin, Wei-Hua;Du, Wen-Hui;Xiang, Hong-Quan;He, Yue-Ming;Guo, Ge;Chu, Ke-Lin;Wu, Xiao-Ping	Chen, Hui, Qin, Wei-Hua, Du, Wen-Hui, Xiang, Hong-Quan, He, Yue-Ming, Guo, Ge, Chu, Ke-Lin, Wu, Xiao-Ping (2026): Taxonomic revision of the freshwater mussel subtribe Cristariina (Bivalvia, Unionidae) in China: description of a new species and new synonyms. ZooKeys 1268: 47-60, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1268.173464
