taxonID	type	format	identifier	references	title	description	created	creator	contributor	publisher	audience	source	license	rightsHolder	datasetID
6091FA0F63E65F1BA2630541C68663AB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1404035	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e153514.figure11	Figure 11. Holotype (NMNW R 11390) of Ptenopus adamanteus sp. nov. from Grosse Bucht Bay, || Karas Region, Namibia (– 26.7338, 15.1041). Scale bar = 1 cm relative to full ventral and dorsal views. Photos by Francois S. Becker.	Figure 11. Holotype (NMNW R 11390) of Ptenopus adamanteus sp. nov. from Grosse Bucht Bay, || Karas Region, Namibia (– 26.7338, 15.1041). Scale bar = 1 cm relative to full ventral and dorsal views. Photos by Francois S. Becker.	2025-08-28	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.		Zenodo	biologists	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.			
6091FA0F63E65F1BA2630541C68663AB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1404036	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e153514.figure12	Figure 12. Life colour variation and substrate matching in Ptenopus adamanteus sp. nov. (A – D: northern populations; E – H: southern populations): A NMNW R 11390 (holotype), from Grosse Bucht, || Karas Region, Namibia (– 26.7338, 15.1041); B, C NMNW R 11393 (paratype) from near locality A (– 26.7208, 15.1026); D NMNW R 11391 (allotype), from locality A; E NMNW R 11610 from 30 km E of Port Nolloth, Northern Cape Province, South Africa (– 29.3049, 17.1836), not on native substrate; F NMNW R 11611 from the same locality as E on native substrate; G NMNW R 11598 from Oranjemund, || Karas Region, Namibia (– 28.5541, 16.4982); H unvouchered specimen from Port Nolloth (– 29.2403, 16.8631), only 30 km W of locality of E / F. Photos by Francois S. Becker.	Figure 12. Life colour variation and substrate matching in Ptenopus adamanteus sp. nov. (A – D: northern populations; E – H: southern populations): A NMNW R 11390 (holotype), from Grosse Bucht, || Karas Region, Namibia (– 26.7338, 15.1041); B, C NMNW R 11393 (paratype) from near locality A (– 26.7208, 15.1026); D NMNW R 11391 (allotype), from locality A; E NMNW R 11610 from 30 km E of Port Nolloth, Northern Cape Province, South Africa (– 29.3049, 17.1836), not on native substrate; F NMNW R 11611 from the same locality as E on native substrate; G NMNW R 11598 from Oranjemund, || Karas Region, Namibia (– 28.5541, 16.4982); H unvouchered specimen from Port Nolloth (– 29.2403, 16.8631), only 30 km W of locality of E / F. Photos by Francois S. Becker.	2025-08-28	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.		Zenodo	biologists	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.			
6091FA0F63E65F1BA2630541C68663AB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1404044	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e153514.figure20	Figure 20. Sonograms (top graphs) and oscillograms (bottom graphs) of representative advertisement calls of Ptenopus species (A – J, species names indicated on graphs). Both x and y axes are directly comparable / equally scaled across species. Specimen numbers and localities: A NMNW R 11585, NE of Koës, Hardap Region, Namibia; B iNaturalist 140169978 (Jacobus Retief), Merweville, Western Cape Province, South Africa; C NMNW R 11622, E of Lüderitz, || Karas Region, Namibia; D NMNW R 11643, SW of Gobabeb, Erongo Region, Namibia; E NMNW R 11657, NE of Keetmanshoop, || Karas Region, Namibia; F NMNW R 11704, Gobabeb; G NMNW R 11716, Hoanib River, Kunene Region, Namibia; H NMNW R 12114, Gobabeb; I NMNW R 11843, NW of Gobabeb; J NMNW R 11790, N of Swakopmund, Erongo Region, Namibia. The audio files on which this figure is based, are made available (File S 2).	Figure 20. Sonograms (top graphs) and oscillograms (bottom graphs) of representative advertisement calls of Ptenopus species (A – J, species names indicated on graphs). Both x and y axes are directly comparable / equally scaled across species. Specimen numbers and localities: A NMNW R 11585, NE of Koës, Hardap Region, Namibia; B iNaturalist 140169978 (Jacobus Retief), Merweville, Western Cape Province, South Africa; C NMNW R 11622, E of Lüderitz, || Karas Region, Namibia; D NMNW R 11643, SW of Gobabeb, Erongo Region, Namibia; E NMNW R 11657, NE of Keetmanshoop, || Karas Region, Namibia; F NMNW R 11704, Gobabeb; G NMNW R 11716, Hoanib River, Kunene Region, Namibia; H NMNW R 12114, Gobabeb; I NMNW R 11843, NW of Gobabeb; J NMNW R 11790, N of Swakopmund, Erongo Region, Namibia. The audio files on which this figure is based, are made available (File S 2).	2025-08-28	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.		Zenodo	biologists	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.			
6091FA0F63E65F1BA2630541C68663AB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1404028	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e153514.figure4	Figure 4. Box and whisker plots of the morphological characters analysed using ANOVAs or Kruskal-Wallis tests, for cryptic species of the Ptenopus garrulus group. Numbered characters (numbered as in Methods) are indicated on y-axis labels: 1. Internarial / internasal scale base breadth; 2. rostral breadth / height; 3. internasal scale height / nostril breadth; 4. mid-body scale rows; 5. interorbital scales; 6. interorbital / mind-mody scales; 7. inter-nasal scales. Species colours correspond to those on Figure 2 and indicated on the key. Significant differences (according to pairwise post hoc tests) are indicated through homogenous groupings: Species not significantly different in the present character are one group, as indicated by lower-case letters. Species that share the same letters not differing significantly from each other; species with multiple letters are not significantly different from any other species sharing those letters. Approximate divisions between the groups are indicated by dotted lines perpendicular to the y-axis, and the group letters are indicated to the right of each graph.	Figure 4. Box and whisker plots of the morphological characters analysed using ANOVAs or Kruskal-Wallis tests, for cryptic species of the Ptenopus garrulus group. Numbered characters (numbered as in Methods) are indicated on y-axis labels: 1. Internarial / internasal scale base breadth; 2. rostral breadth / height; 3. internasal scale height / nostril breadth; 4. mid-body scale rows; 5. interorbital scales; 6. interorbital / mind-mody scales; 7. inter-nasal scales. Species colours correspond to those on Figure 2 and indicated on the key. Significant differences (according to pairwise post hoc tests) are indicated through homogenous groupings: Species not significantly different in the present character are one group, as indicated by lower-case letters. Species that share the same letters not differing significantly from each other; species with multiple letters are not significantly different from any other species sharing those letters. Approximate divisions between the groups are indicated by dotted lines perpendicular to the y-axis, and the group letters are indicated to the right of each graph.	2025-08-28	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.		Zenodo	biologists	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.			
6091FA0F63E65F1BA2630541C68663AB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1404027	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e153514.figure3	Figure 3. Box and whisker plots of the bioacoustic characters analysed using ANOVA / Kruskal-Wallis tests, for species of Ptenopus. Numbered characters (numbered as in Methods) and their units are indicated on y-axis labels. Species colours correspond to those on Figure 2 and indicated on the key. Significant differences (according to pairwise post hoc tests) are indicated through homogenous groupings: Species not significantly different in the present character are one group, as indicated by lower-case letters. Species that share the same letters not differing significantly from each other; species with multiple letters are not significantly different from any other species sharing those letters. Approximate divisions between the groups are indicated by dotted lines perpendicular to the y-axis, and the group letters are indicated to the right of each graph.	Figure 3. Box and whisker plots of the bioacoustic characters analysed using ANOVA / Kruskal-Wallis tests, for species of Ptenopus. Numbered characters (numbered as in Methods) and their units are indicated on y-axis labels. Species colours correspond to those on Figure 2 and indicated on the key. Significant differences (according to pairwise post hoc tests) are indicated through homogenous groupings: Species not significantly different in the present character are one group, as indicated by lower-case letters. Species that share the same letters not differing significantly from each other; species with multiple letters are not significantly different from any other species sharing those letters. Approximate divisions between the groups are indicated by dotted lines perpendicular to the y-axis, and the group letters are indicated to the right of each graph.	2025-08-28	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.		Zenodo	biologists	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.			
6091FA0F63E65F1BA2630541C68663AB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1404029	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e153514.figure5	Figure 5. Revised, interpreted distributions of Ptenopus species in southern Africa (high resolution map, can be zoomed for detail). Some species’ ranges overlap, shown with translucent overlapping shapes on the map. Others likely occur parapatrically along extended contact zones, represented by opaque, touching shapes. For further clarity, co-occurrence patterns for all species pairs are shown on Table 5, and confirmed individual records on Figure 2.	Figure 5. Revised, interpreted distributions of Ptenopus species in southern Africa (high resolution map, can be zoomed for detail). Some species’ ranges overlap, shown with translucent overlapping shapes on the map. Others likely occur parapatrically along extended contact zones, represented by opaque, touching shapes. For further clarity, co-occurrence patterns for all species pairs are shown on Table 5, and confirmed individual records on Figure 2.	2025-08-28	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.		Zenodo	biologists	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.			
551D19700C445BC2A5C4EB5901ED0EE2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1404033	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e153514.figure9	Figure 9. Holotype (PEM R 23122) of Ptenopus australis sp. nov. from Rooidraai, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa (– 32.4645, 23.6330). Scale bar = 1 cm. Photos by Werner Conradie.	Figure 9. Holotype (PEM R 23122) of Ptenopus australis sp. nov. from Rooidraai, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa (– 32.4645, 23.6330). Scale bar = 1 cm. Photos by Werner Conradie.	2025-08-28	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.		Zenodo	biologists	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.			
551D19700C445BC2A5C4EB5901ED0EE2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1404034	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e153514.figure10	Figure 10. Life colour variation in Ptenopus australis sp. nov.: A, B PEM R 23121 from farm Doringkraal, Western Cape Province, South Africa (– 32.3355, 22.2053), photos by Alexander Rebelo; C iNaturalist record 58938339 from NE of Beaufort West, Western Cape Province, South Africa (– 32.2087, 22.7614), photo by Courtney Hundermark.	Figure 10. Life colour variation in Ptenopus australis sp. nov.: A, B PEM R 23121 from farm Doringkraal, Western Cape Province, South Africa (– 32.3355, 22.2053), photos by Alexander Rebelo; C iNaturalist record 58938339 from NE of Beaufort West, Western Cape Province, South Africa (– 32.2087, 22.7614), photo by Courtney Hundermark.	2025-08-28	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.		Zenodo	biologists	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.			
551D19700C445BC2A5C4EB5901ED0EE2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1404044	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e153514.figure20	Figure 20. Sonograms (top graphs) and oscillograms (bottom graphs) of representative advertisement calls of Ptenopus species (A – J, species names indicated on graphs). Both x and y axes are directly comparable / equally scaled across species. Specimen numbers and localities: A NMNW R 11585, NE of Koës, Hardap Region, Namibia; B iNaturalist 140169978 (Jacobus Retief), Merweville, Western Cape Province, South Africa; C NMNW R 11622, E of Lüderitz, || Karas Region, Namibia; D NMNW R 11643, SW of Gobabeb, Erongo Region, Namibia; E NMNW R 11657, NE of Keetmanshoop, || Karas Region, Namibia; F NMNW R 11704, Gobabeb; G NMNW R 11716, Hoanib River, Kunene Region, Namibia; H NMNW R 12114, Gobabeb; I NMNW R 11843, NW of Gobabeb; J NMNW R 11790, N of Swakopmund, Erongo Region, Namibia. The audio files on which this figure is based, are made available (File S 2).	Figure 20. Sonograms (top graphs) and oscillograms (bottom graphs) of representative advertisement calls of Ptenopus species (A – J, species names indicated on graphs). Both x and y axes are directly comparable / equally scaled across species. Specimen numbers and localities: A NMNW R 11585, NE of Koës, Hardap Region, Namibia; B iNaturalist 140169978 (Jacobus Retief), Merweville, Western Cape Province, South Africa; C NMNW R 11622, E of Lüderitz, || Karas Region, Namibia; D NMNW R 11643, SW of Gobabeb, Erongo Region, Namibia; E NMNW R 11657, NE of Keetmanshoop, || Karas Region, Namibia; F NMNW R 11704, Gobabeb; G NMNW R 11716, Hoanib River, Kunene Region, Namibia; H NMNW R 12114, Gobabeb; I NMNW R 11843, NW of Gobabeb; J NMNW R 11790, N of Swakopmund, Erongo Region, Namibia. The audio files on which this figure is based, are made available (File S 2).	2025-08-28	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.		Zenodo	biologists	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.			
551D19700C445BC2A5C4EB5901ED0EE2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1404035	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e153514.figure11	Figure 11. Holotype (NMNW R 11390) of Ptenopus adamanteus sp. nov. from Grosse Bucht Bay, || Karas Region, Namibia (– 26.7338, 15.1041). Scale bar = 1 cm relative to full ventral and dorsal views. Photos by Francois S. Becker.	Figure 11. Holotype (NMNW R 11390) of Ptenopus adamanteus sp. nov. from Grosse Bucht Bay, || Karas Region, Namibia (– 26.7338, 15.1041). Scale bar = 1 cm relative to full ventral and dorsal views. Photos by Francois S. Becker.	2025-08-28	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.		Zenodo	biologists	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.			
551D19700C445BC2A5C4EB5901ED0EE2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1404027	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e153514.figure3	Figure 3. Box and whisker plots of the bioacoustic characters analysed using ANOVA / Kruskal-Wallis tests, for species of Ptenopus. Numbered characters (numbered as in Methods) and their units are indicated on y-axis labels. Species colours correspond to those on Figure 2 and indicated on the key. Significant differences (according to pairwise post hoc tests) are indicated through homogenous groupings: Species not significantly different in the present character are one group, as indicated by lower-case letters. Species that share the same letters not differing significantly from each other; species with multiple letters are not significantly different from any other species sharing those letters. Approximate divisions between the groups are indicated by dotted lines perpendicular to the y-axis, and the group letters are indicated to the right of each graph.	Figure 3. Box and whisker plots of the bioacoustic characters analysed using ANOVA / Kruskal-Wallis tests, for species of Ptenopus. Numbered characters (numbered as in Methods) and their units are indicated on y-axis labels. Species colours correspond to those on Figure 2 and indicated on the key. Significant differences (according to pairwise post hoc tests) are indicated through homogenous groupings: Species not significantly different in the present character are one group, as indicated by lower-case letters. Species that share the same letters not differing significantly from each other; species with multiple letters are not significantly different from any other species sharing those letters. Approximate divisions between the groups are indicated by dotted lines perpendicular to the y-axis, and the group letters are indicated to the right of each graph.	2025-08-28	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.		Zenodo	biologists	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.			
3CDFB40878D25FF390CEBBA7D255FA8D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1404041	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e153514.figure17	Figure 17. Life colour variation in Ptenopus carpi: A NMNW R 11822 from Walvis Bay Airport, Erongo Region, Nambia (– 23.0003, 14.6695); B NMNW R 11809 from NW of Gobabeb, Erongo Region, Namibia (– 23.4530, 14.9637); C NMNW R 11815 from locality A; D NMNW R 11798 from locality A, NMNW R 11810, and NMNW R 11808 from NW of Gobabeb (– 23.4533, 14.9642), showing iris colouration variation from deep red to light ochre; E NMNW R 11808 (male) and NMNW R 11819 (female) from NW of Gobabeb (– 23.4235, 14.9353), showing clear gular patches on both sexes (patch size and shape varies in both sexes, but tends to be more extensive in males). Photos by Francois S. Becker.	Figure 17. Life colour variation in Ptenopus carpi: A NMNW R 11822 from Walvis Bay Airport, Erongo Region, Nambia (– 23.0003, 14.6695); B NMNW R 11809 from NW of Gobabeb, Erongo Region, Namibia (– 23.4530, 14.9637); C NMNW R 11815 from locality A; D NMNW R 11798 from locality A, NMNW R 11810, and NMNW R 11808 from NW of Gobabeb (– 23.4533, 14.9642), showing iris colouration variation from deep red to light ochre; E NMNW R 11808 (male) and NMNW R 11819 (female) from NW of Gobabeb (– 23.4235, 14.9353), showing clear gular patches on both sexes (patch size and shape varies in both sexes, but tends to be more extensive in males). Photos by Francois S. Becker.	2025-08-28	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.		Zenodo	biologists	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.			
3CDFB40878D25FF390CEBBA7D255FA8D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1404044	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e153514.figure20	Figure 20. Sonograms (top graphs) and oscillograms (bottom graphs) of representative advertisement calls of Ptenopus species (A – J, species names indicated on graphs). Both x and y axes are directly comparable / equally scaled across species. Specimen numbers and localities: A NMNW R 11585, NE of Koës, Hardap Region, Namibia; B iNaturalist 140169978 (Jacobus Retief), Merweville, Western Cape Province, South Africa; C NMNW R 11622, E of Lüderitz, || Karas Region, Namibia; D NMNW R 11643, SW of Gobabeb, Erongo Region, Namibia; E NMNW R 11657, NE of Keetmanshoop, || Karas Region, Namibia; F NMNW R 11704, Gobabeb; G NMNW R 11716, Hoanib River, Kunene Region, Namibia; H NMNW R 12114, Gobabeb; I NMNW R 11843, NW of Gobabeb; J NMNW R 11790, N of Swakopmund, Erongo Region, Namibia. The audio files on which this figure is based, are made available (File S 2).	Figure 20. Sonograms (top graphs) and oscillograms (bottom graphs) of representative advertisement calls of Ptenopus species (A – J, species names indicated on graphs). Both x and y axes are directly comparable / equally scaled across species. Specimen numbers and localities: A NMNW R 11585, NE of Koës, Hardap Region, Namibia; B iNaturalist 140169978 (Jacobus Retief), Merweville, Western Cape Province, South Africa; C NMNW R 11622, E of Lüderitz, || Karas Region, Namibia; D NMNW R 11643, SW of Gobabeb, Erongo Region, Namibia; E NMNW R 11657, NE of Keetmanshoop, || Karas Region, Namibia; F NMNW R 11704, Gobabeb; G NMNW R 11716, Hoanib River, Kunene Region, Namibia; H NMNW R 12114, Gobabeb; I NMNW R 11843, NW of Gobabeb; J NMNW R 11790, N of Swakopmund, Erongo Region, Namibia. The audio files on which this figure is based, are made available (File S 2).	2025-08-28	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.		Zenodo	biologists	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.			
3CDFB40878D25FF390CEBBA7D255FA8D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1404043	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e153514.figure19	Figure 19. Life colour variation in Ptenopus sceletus sp. nov.: A NMNW R 12103 (paratype) from N of Swakopmund, Erongo Region, Namibia (– 22.6259, 14.5457); B NMNW R 12101 (allotype) from locality A; C NMNW R 11763 from Hoanib River, Kunene Region, Nambia (– 19.3539, 13.1453); D NMNW R 11754 from Henties Bay, Erongo Region, Namibia (– 22.1584, 14.3086); E NMNW R 12100 (holotype) and NMNW R 011771 from the same locality as A, showing sexual dichromatism in gular patches of this species (male gular patch may be divided or undivided, while female only has slight shades of yellow on lateral edges); F NMNW R 11771 from N of Swakop River near Swakopmund (– 22.6652, 14.57619) and NMNW R 11755 from N of the Omaruru River near Henties Bay (– 21.7703, 14.5520), showing iris colour variation from silver (most common in the sourthern extreme of the range) to brown (more common further north). Photos by Francois S. Becker.	Figure 19. Life colour variation in Ptenopus sceletus sp. nov.: A NMNW R 12103 (paratype) from N of Swakopmund, Erongo Region, Namibia (– 22.6259, 14.5457); B NMNW R 12101 (allotype) from locality A; C NMNW R 11763 from Hoanib River, Kunene Region, Nambia (– 19.3539, 13.1453); D NMNW R 11754 from Henties Bay, Erongo Region, Namibia (– 22.1584, 14.3086); E NMNW R 12100 (holotype) and NMNW R 011771 from the same locality as A, showing sexual dichromatism in gular patches of this species (male gular patch may be divided or undivided, while female only has slight shades of yellow on lateral edges); F NMNW R 11771 from N of Swakop River near Swakopmund (– 22.6652, 14.57619) and NMNW R 11755 from N of the Omaruru River near Henties Bay (– 21.7703, 14.5520), showing iris colour variation from silver (most common in the sourthern extreme of the range) to brown (more common further north). Photos by Francois S. Becker.	2025-08-28	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.		Zenodo	biologists	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.			
3CDFB40878D25FF390CEBBA7D255FA8D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1404027	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e153514.figure3	Figure 3. Box and whisker plots of the bioacoustic characters analysed using ANOVA / Kruskal-Wallis tests, for species of Ptenopus. Numbered characters (numbered as in Methods) and their units are indicated on y-axis labels. Species colours correspond to those on Figure 2 and indicated on the key. Significant differences (according to pairwise post hoc tests) are indicated through homogenous groupings: Species not significantly different in the present character are one group, as indicated by lower-case letters. Species that share the same letters not differing significantly from each other; species with multiple letters are not significantly different from any other species sharing those letters. Approximate divisions between the groups are indicated by dotted lines perpendicular to the y-axis, and the group letters are indicated to the right of each graph.	Figure 3. Box and whisker plots of the bioacoustic characters analysed using ANOVA / Kruskal-Wallis tests, for species of Ptenopus. Numbered characters (numbered as in Methods) and their units are indicated on y-axis labels. Species colours correspond to those on Figure 2 and indicated on the key. Significant differences (according to pairwise post hoc tests) are indicated through homogenous groupings: Species not significantly different in the present character are one group, as indicated by lower-case letters. Species that share the same letters not differing significantly from each other; species with multiple letters are not significantly different from any other species sharing those letters. Approximate divisions between the groups are indicated by dotted lines perpendicular to the y-axis, and the group letters are indicated to the right of each graph.	2025-08-28	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.		Zenodo	biologists	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.			
3CDFB40878D25FF390CEBBA7D255FA8D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1404029	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e153514.figure5	Figure 5. Revised, interpreted distributions of Ptenopus species in southern Africa (high resolution map, can be zoomed for detail). Some species’ ranges overlap, shown with translucent overlapping shapes on the map. Others likely occur parapatrically along extended contact zones, represented by opaque, touching shapes. For further clarity, co-occurrence patterns for all species pairs are shown on Table 5, and confirmed individual records on Figure 2.	Figure 5. Revised, interpreted distributions of Ptenopus species in southern Africa (high resolution map, can be zoomed for detail). Some species’ ranges overlap, shown with translucent overlapping shapes on the map. Others likely occur parapatrically along extended contact zones, represented by opaque, touching shapes. For further clarity, co-occurrence patterns for all species pairs are shown on Table 5, and confirmed individual records on Figure 2.	2025-08-28	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.		Zenodo	biologists	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.			
4B51728C2E4F5576A4CA25972D9646E5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1404037	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e153514.figure13	Figure 13. Holotype (NMNW R 11394) of Ptenopus circumsyrticus sp. nov. from Gobabeb, Erongo Region, Namibia (– 23.5705, 15.0362). Scale bar = 1 cm relative to full ventral and dorsal views. Photos by Francois S. Becker.	Figure 13. Holotype (NMNW R 11394) of Ptenopus circumsyrticus sp. nov. from Gobabeb, Erongo Region, Namibia (– 23.5705, 15.0362). Scale bar = 1 cm relative to full ventral and dorsal views. Photos by Francois S. Becker.	2025-08-28	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.		Zenodo	biologists	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.			
4B51728C2E4F5576A4CA25972D9646E5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1404038	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e153514.figure14	Figure 14. Life colour variation in Ptenopus circumsyrticus sp. nov.: A NMNW R 11394 (holotype) from Gobabeb, Erongo Region, Namibia (– 23.5732, 15.0368); B FB 2003 (unvouchered) from Keerwerder, NamibRand, Hardap Region, Namibia (– 24.9818, 15.9338); C, D FB 2080 from NE of Gobabeb (– 23.3175, 15.5700); E unvouchered specimen from near locality of C; F NMNW R 11355 (paratype) from near locality of B (– 24.9495, 16.0397). Photos by Francois S. Becker.	Figure 14. Life colour variation in Ptenopus circumsyrticus sp. nov.: A NMNW R 11394 (holotype) from Gobabeb, Erongo Region, Namibia (– 23.5732, 15.0368); B FB 2003 (unvouchered) from Keerwerder, NamibRand, Hardap Region, Namibia (– 24.9818, 15.9338); C, D FB 2080 from NE of Gobabeb (– 23.3175, 15.5700); E unvouchered specimen from near locality of C; F NMNW R 11355 (paratype) from near locality of B (– 24.9495, 16.0397). Photos by Francois S. Becker.	2025-08-28	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.		Zenodo	biologists	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.			
4B51728C2E4F5576A4CA25972D9646E5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1404044	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e153514.figure20	Figure 20. Sonograms (top graphs) and oscillograms (bottom graphs) of representative advertisement calls of Ptenopus species (A – J, species names indicated on graphs). Both x and y axes are directly comparable / equally scaled across species. Specimen numbers and localities: A NMNW R 11585, NE of Koës, Hardap Region, Namibia; B iNaturalist 140169978 (Jacobus Retief), Merweville, Western Cape Province, South Africa; C NMNW R 11622, E of Lüderitz, || Karas Region, Namibia; D NMNW R 11643, SW of Gobabeb, Erongo Region, Namibia; E NMNW R 11657, NE of Keetmanshoop, || Karas Region, Namibia; F NMNW R 11704, Gobabeb; G NMNW R 11716, Hoanib River, Kunene Region, Namibia; H NMNW R 12114, Gobabeb; I NMNW R 11843, NW of Gobabeb; J NMNW R 11790, N of Swakopmund, Erongo Region, Namibia. The audio files on which this figure is based, are made available (File S 2).	Figure 20. Sonograms (top graphs) and oscillograms (bottom graphs) of representative advertisement calls of Ptenopus species (A – J, species names indicated on graphs). Both x and y axes are directly comparable / equally scaled across species. Specimen numbers and localities: A NMNW R 11585, NE of Koës, Hardap Region, Namibia; B iNaturalist 140169978 (Jacobus Retief), Merweville, Western Cape Province, South Africa; C NMNW R 11622, E of Lüderitz, || Karas Region, Namibia; D NMNW R 11643, SW of Gobabeb, Erongo Region, Namibia; E NMNW R 11657, NE of Keetmanshoop, || Karas Region, Namibia; F NMNW R 11704, Gobabeb; G NMNW R 11716, Hoanib River, Kunene Region, Namibia; H NMNW R 12114, Gobabeb; I NMNW R 11843, NW of Gobabeb; J NMNW R 11790, N of Swakopmund, Erongo Region, Namibia. The audio files on which this figure is based, are made available (File S 2).	2025-08-28	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.		Zenodo	biologists	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.			
4B51728C2E4F5576A4CA25972D9646E5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1404028	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e153514.figure4	Figure 4. Box and whisker plots of the morphological characters analysed using ANOVAs or Kruskal-Wallis tests, for cryptic species of the Ptenopus garrulus group. Numbered characters (numbered as in Methods) are indicated on y-axis labels: 1. Internarial / internasal scale base breadth; 2. rostral breadth / height; 3. internasal scale height / nostril breadth; 4. mid-body scale rows; 5. interorbital scales; 6. interorbital / mind-mody scales; 7. inter-nasal scales. Species colours correspond to those on Figure 2 and indicated on the key. Significant differences (according to pairwise post hoc tests) are indicated through homogenous groupings: Species not significantly different in the present character are one group, as indicated by lower-case letters. Species that share the same letters not differing significantly from each other; species with multiple letters are not significantly different from any other species sharing those letters. Approximate divisions between the groups are indicated by dotted lines perpendicular to the y-axis, and the group letters are indicated to the right of each graph.	Figure 4. Box and whisker plots of the morphological characters analysed using ANOVAs or Kruskal-Wallis tests, for cryptic species of the Ptenopus garrulus group. Numbered characters (numbered as in Methods) are indicated on y-axis labels: 1. Internarial / internasal scale base breadth; 2. rostral breadth / height; 3. internasal scale height / nostril breadth; 4. mid-body scale rows; 5. interorbital scales; 6. interorbital / mind-mody scales; 7. inter-nasal scales. Species colours correspond to those on Figure 2 and indicated on the key. Significant differences (according to pairwise post hoc tests) are indicated through homogenous groupings: Species not significantly different in the present character are one group, as indicated by lower-case letters. Species that share the same letters not differing significantly from each other; species with multiple letters are not significantly different from any other species sharing those letters. Approximate divisions between the groups are indicated by dotted lines perpendicular to the y-axis, and the group letters are indicated to the right of each graph.	2025-08-28	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.		Zenodo	biologists	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.			
4B51728C2E4F5576A4CA25972D9646E5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1404027	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e153514.figure3	Figure 3. Box and whisker plots of the bioacoustic characters analysed using ANOVA / Kruskal-Wallis tests, for species of Ptenopus. Numbered characters (numbered as in Methods) and their units are indicated on y-axis labels. Species colours correspond to those on Figure 2 and indicated on the key. Significant differences (according to pairwise post hoc tests) are indicated through homogenous groupings: Species not significantly different in the present character are one group, as indicated by lower-case letters. Species that share the same letters not differing significantly from each other; species with multiple letters are not significantly different from any other species sharing those letters. Approximate divisions between the groups are indicated by dotted lines perpendicular to the y-axis, and the group letters are indicated to the right of each graph.	Figure 3. Box and whisker plots of the bioacoustic characters analysed using ANOVA / Kruskal-Wallis tests, for species of Ptenopus. Numbered characters (numbered as in Methods) and their units are indicated on y-axis labels. Species colours correspond to those on Figure 2 and indicated on the key. Significant differences (according to pairwise post hoc tests) are indicated through homogenous groupings: Species not significantly different in the present character are one group, as indicated by lower-case letters. Species that share the same letters not differing significantly from each other; species with multiple letters are not significantly different from any other species sharing those letters. Approximate divisions between the groups are indicated by dotted lines perpendicular to the y-axis, and the group letters are indicated to the right of each graph.	2025-08-28	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.		Zenodo	biologists	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.			
4B51728C2E4F5576A4CA25972D9646E5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1404029	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e153514.figure5	Figure 5. Revised, interpreted distributions of Ptenopus species in southern Africa (high resolution map, can be zoomed for detail). Some species’ ranges overlap, shown with translucent overlapping shapes on the map. Others likely occur parapatrically along extended contact zones, represented by opaque, touching shapes. For further clarity, co-occurrence patterns for all species pairs are shown on Table 5, and confirmed individual records on Figure 2.	Figure 5. Revised, interpreted distributions of Ptenopus species in southern Africa (high resolution map, can be zoomed for detail). Some species’ ranges overlap, shown with translucent overlapping shapes on the map. Others likely occur parapatrically along extended contact zones, represented by opaque, touching shapes. For further clarity, co-occurrence patterns for all species pairs are shown on Table 5, and confirmed individual records on Figure 2.	2025-08-28	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.		Zenodo	biologists	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.			
66796650A0F35723A35A2F2C3EEBCBDD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1404031	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e153514.figure7	Figure 7. Life colour variation and substrate matching in Ptenopus garrulus: A NMNW R 11351 from Etosha, Oshikoto Region, Namibia (– 18.9979, 15.8657); B NMNW R 10846, from farm Bloukop (– 25.0953, 19.8497), Hardap Region, Namibia; C FB 724 from locality A; D NMNW R 11581 from farm Okongonga, Hardap Region, Namibia (– 24.4529, 18.7631); E, F NMNW R 11577 from south of Windhoek, Khomas Region, Namibia (– 22.8691, 17.1561). Photos by Francois S. Becker.	Figure 7. Life colour variation and substrate matching in Ptenopus garrulus: A NMNW R 11351 from Etosha, Oshikoto Region, Namibia (– 18.9979, 15.8657); B NMNW R 10846, from farm Bloukop (– 25.0953, 19.8497), Hardap Region, Namibia; C FB 724 from locality A; D NMNW R 11581 from farm Okongonga, Hardap Region, Namibia (– 24.4529, 18.7631); E, F NMNW R 11577 from south of Windhoek, Khomas Region, Namibia (– 22.8691, 17.1561). Photos by Francois S. Becker.	2025-08-28	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.		Zenodo	biologists	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.			
66796650A0F35723A35A2F2C3EEBCBDD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1404044	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e153514.figure20	Figure 20. Sonograms (top graphs) and oscillograms (bottom graphs) of representative advertisement calls of Ptenopus species (A – J, species names indicated on graphs). Both x and y axes are directly comparable / equally scaled across species. Specimen numbers and localities: A NMNW R 11585, NE of Koës, Hardap Region, Namibia; B iNaturalist 140169978 (Jacobus Retief), Merweville, Western Cape Province, South Africa; C NMNW R 11622, E of Lüderitz, || Karas Region, Namibia; D NMNW R 11643, SW of Gobabeb, Erongo Region, Namibia; E NMNW R 11657, NE of Keetmanshoop, || Karas Region, Namibia; F NMNW R 11704, Gobabeb; G NMNW R 11716, Hoanib River, Kunene Region, Namibia; H NMNW R 12114, Gobabeb; I NMNW R 11843, NW of Gobabeb; J NMNW R 11790, N of Swakopmund, Erongo Region, Namibia. The audio files on which this figure is based, are made available (File S 2).	Figure 20. Sonograms (top graphs) and oscillograms (bottom graphs) of representative advertisement calls of Ptenopus species (A – J, species names indicated on graphs). Both x and y axes are directly comparable / equally scaled across species. Specimen numbers and localities: A NMNW R 11585, NE of Koës, Hardap Region, Namibia; B iNaturalist 140169978 (Jacobus Retief), Merweville, Western Cape Province, South Africa; C NMNW R 11622, E of Lüderitz, || Karas Region, Namibia; D NMNW R 11643, SW of Gobabeb, Erongo Region, Namibia; E NMNW R 11657, NE of Keetmanshoop, || Karas Region, Namibia; F NMNW R 11704, Gobabeb; G NMNW R 11716, Hoanib River, Kunene Region, Namibia; H NMNW R 12114, Gobabeb; I NMNW R 11843, NW of Gobabeb; J NMNW R 11790, N of Swakopmund, Erongo Region, Namibia. The audio files on which this figure is based, are made available (File S 2).	2025-08-28	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.		Zenodo	biologists	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.			
66796650A0F35723A35A2F2C3EEBCBDD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1404026	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e153514.figure2	Figure 2. Bayesian topology of Ptenopus (top right) based on mitochondrial genes 16 S and ND 2, and nuclear gene c-mos (top right), and map of confirmed species locations (top left) including type localities (high resolution image: can be zoomed for detail; modified from Becker et al. 2024). Nodes supported by both maximum likelihood (≥ 70 % bootstrap) and Bayesian inference (≥ 0.95 posterior probability) analyses denoted by black circles; Bayesian inference only, with grey circles; maximum likelihood only, with white circles; one node with 0.94 posterior probability is indicated. The coloured bars to the right of the phylogeny indicate putative species based on three delimitation analyses; horizontal grey lines indicate divergences that were validated (i. e., not IBD) by MRM analyses, with grey text boxes on these lines indicating the explanatory variable most strongly associated with genetic divergence between sister species. Bar colours correspond to named species and confirmed species localities on the map, including type localities = white outlined stars. The grey bar indicates preferred substrate of each species, with shades corresponding to that on the map (dark grey = hard substrate, light grey = soft sand); various sandy patches were too fine to appear on the map, and P. australis sp. nov. occurs on sandy hummocks, although the wider soil-type in this area is not sand. Ecologically relevant geographic or climatic features are indicated by arrows and coloured text and shapes. Blocks A – D indicate contact zones of different species, shown enlarged in the bottom panels (satellite imagery), including labels indicating substrates, rivers, and scale bars (20 km).	Figure 2. Bayesian topology of Ptenopus (top right) based on mitochondrial genes 16 S and ND 2, and nuclear gene c-mos (top right), and map of confirmed species locations (top left) including type localities (high resolution image: can be zoomed for detail; modified from Becker et al. 2024). Nodes supported by both maximum likelihood (≥ 70 % bootstrap) and Bayesian inference (≥ 0.95 posterior probability) analyses denoted by black circles; Bayesian inference only, with grey circles; maximum likelihood only, with white circles; one node with 0.94 posterior probability is indicated. The coloured bars to the right of the phylogeny indicate putative species based on three delimitation analyses; horizontal grey lines indicate divergences that were validated (i. e., not IBD) by MRM analyses, with grey text boxes on these lines indicating the explanatory variable most strongly associated with genetic divergence between sister species. Bar colours correspond to named species and confirmed species localities on the map, including type localities = white outlined stars. The grey bar indicates preferred substrate of each species, with shades corresponding to that on the map (dark grey = hard substrate, light grey = soft sand); various sandy patches were too fine to appear on the map, and P. australis sp. nov. occurs on sandy hummocks, although the wider soil-type in this area is not sand. Ecologically relevant geographic or climatic features are indicated by arrows and coloured text and shapes. Blocks A – D indicate contact zones of different species, shown enlarged in the bottom panels (satellite imagery), including labels indicating substrates, rivers, and scale bars (20 km).	2025-08-28	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.		Zenodo	biologists	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.			
66796650A0F35723A35A2F2C3EEBCBDD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1404029	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e153514.figure5	Figure 5. Revised, interpreted distributions of Ptenopus species in southern Africa (high resolution map, can be zoomed for detail). Some species’ ranges overlap, shown with translucent overlapping shapes on the map. Others likely occur parapatrically along extended contact zones, represented by opaque, touching shapes. For further clarity, co-occurrence patterns for all species pairs are shown on Table 5, and confirmed individual records on Figure 2.	Figure 5. Revised, interpreted distributions of Ptenopus species in southern Africa (high resolution map, can be zoomed for detail). Some species’ ranges overlap, shown with translucent overlapping shapes on the map. Others likely occur parapatrically along extended contact zones, represented by opaque, touching shapes. For further clarity, co-occurrence patterns for all species pairs are shown on Table 5, and confirmed individual records on Figure 2.	2025-08-28	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.		Zenodo	biologists	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.			
66796650A0F35723A35A2F2C3EEBCBDD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1404028	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e153514.figure4	Figure 4. Box and whisker plots of the morphological characters analysed using ANOVAs or Kruskal-Wallis tests, for cryptic species of the Ptenopus garrulus group. Numbered characters (numbered as in Methods) are indicated on y-axis labels: 1. Internarial / internasal scale base breadth; 2. rostral breadth / height; 3. internasal scale height / nostril breadth; 4. mid-body scale rows; 5. interorbital scales; 6. interorbital / mind-mody scales; 7. inter-nasal scales. Species colours correspond to those on Figure 2 and indicated on the key. Significant differences (according to pairwise post hoc tests) are indicated through homogenous groupings: Species not significantly different in the present character are one group, as indicated by lower-case letters. Species that share the same letters not differing significantly from each other; species with multiple letters are not significantly different from any other species sharing those letters. Approximate divisions between the groups are indicated by dotted lines perpendicular to the y-axis, and the group letters are indicated to the right of each graph.	Figure 4. Box and whisker plots of the morphological characters analysed using ANOVAs or Kruskal-Wallis tests, for cryptic species of the Ptenopus garrulus group. Numbered characters (numbered as in Methods) are indicated on y-axis labels: 1. Internarial / internasal scale base breadth; 2. rostral breadth / height; 3. internasal scale height / nostril breadth; 4. mid-body scale rows; 5. interorbital scales; 6. interorbital / mind-mody scales; 7. inter-nasal scales. Species colours correspond to those on Figure 2 and indicated on the key. Significant differences (according to pairwise post hoc tests) are indicated through homogenous groupings: Species not significantly different in the present character are one group, as indicated by lower-case letters. Species that share the same letters not differing significantly from each other; species with multiple letters are not significantly different from any other species sharing those letters. Approximate divisions between the groups are indicated by dotted lines perpendicular to the y-axis, and the group letters are indicated to the right of each graph.	2025-08-28	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.		Zenodo	biologists	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.			
66796650A0F35723A35A2F2C3EEBCBDD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1404027	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e153514.figure3	Figure 3. Box and whisker plots of the bioacoustic characters analysed using ANOVA / Kruskal-Wallis tests, for species of Ptenopus. Numbered characters (numbered as in Methods) and their units are indicated on y-axis labels. Species colours correspond to those on Figure 2 and indicated on the key. Significant differences (according to pairwise post hoc tests) are indicated through homogenous groupings: Species not significantly different in the present character are one group, as indicated by lower-case letters. Species that share the same letters not differing significantly from each other; species with multiple letters are not significantly different from any other species sharing those letters. Approximate divisions between the groups are indicated by dotted lines perpendicular to the y-axis, and the group letters are indicated to the right of each graph.	Figure 3. Box and whisker plots of the bioacoustic characters analysed using ANOVA / Kruskal-Wallis tests, for species of Ptenopus. Numbered characters (numbered as in Methods) and their units are indicated on y-axis labels. Species colours correspond to those on Figure 2 and indicated on the key. Significant differences (according to pairwise post hoc tests) are indicated through homogenous groupings: Species not significantly different in the present character are one group, as indicated by lower-case letters. Species that share the same letters not differing significantly from each other; species with multiple letters are not significantly different from any other species sharing those letters. Approximate divisions between the groups are indicated by dotted lines perpendicular to the y-axis, and the group letters are indicated to the right of each graph.	2025-08-28	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.		Zenodo	biologists	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.			
CD74DC4946D65EF9A502DC9CEABFD570.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1404039	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e153514.figure15	Figure 15. Holotype (NMNW R 11389) of Ptenopus kenkenses sp. nov. from Giants’ Playground, || Karas Region, Namibia (– 26.4538, 18.3097). Scale bar = 1 cm relative to full ventral and dorsal views. Photos by Francois S. Becker.	Figure 15. Holotype (NMNW R 11389) of Ptenopus kenkenses sp. nov. from Giants’ Playground, || Karas Region, Namibia (– 26.4538, 18.3097). Scale bar = 1 cm relative to full ventral and dorsal views. Photos by Francois S. Becker.	2025-08-28	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.		Zenodo	biologists	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.			
CD74DC4946D65EF9A502DC9CEABFD570.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1404040	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e153514.figure16	Figure 16. Life colour variation and substrate matching in Ptenopus kenkenses sp. nov.: A, C NMNW R 11388 (paratype) from Giant’s Playground, || Karas Region, Namibia (– 26.4538, 18.3097); B NMNW R 11655 from S of Aus, || Karas Region, Namibia (– 26.7073, 16.2829); D NMNW R 11648 from locality B; E FB 454 from W of Aus (– 26.5700, 15.8389); F FB 456 from W of Aus (– 26.6478, 16.2147). Photos by Francois S. Becker.	Figure 16. Life colour variation and substrate matching in Ptenopus kenkenses sp. nov.: A, C NMNW R 11388 (paratype) from Giant’s Playground, || Karas Region, Namibia (– 26.4538, 18.3097); B NMNW R 11655 from S of Aus, || Karas Region, Namibia (– 26.7073, 16.2829); D NMNW R 11648 from locality B; E FB 454 from W of Aus (– 26.5700, 15.8389); F FB 456 from W of Aus (– 26.6478, 16.2147). Photos by Francois S. Becker.	2025-08-28	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.		Zenodo	biologists	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.			
CD74DC4946D65EF9A502DC9CEABFD570.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1404044	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e153514.figure20	Figure 20. Sonograms (top graphs) and oscillograms (bottom graphs) of representative advertisement calls of Ptenopus species (A – J, species names indicated on graphs). Both x and y axes are directly comparable / equally scaled across species. Specimen numbers and localities: A NMNW R 11585, NE of Koës, Hardap Region, Namibia; B iNaturalist 140169978 (Jacobus Retief), Merweville, Western Cape Province, South Africa; C NMNW R 11622, E of Lüderitz, || Karas Region, Namibia; D NMNW R 11643, SW of Gobabeb, Erongo Region, Namibia; E NMNW R 11657, NE of Keetmanshoop, || Karas Region, Namibia; F NMNW R 11704, Gobabeb; G NMNW R 11716, Hoanib River, Kunene Region, Namibia; H NMNW R 12114, Gobabeb; I NMNW R 11843, NW of Gobabeb; J NMNW R 11790, N of Swakopmund, Erongo Region, Namibia. The audio files on which this figure is based, are made available (File S 2).	Figure 20. Sonograms (top graphs) and oscillograms (bottom graphs) of representative advertisement calls of Ptenopus species (A – J, species names indicated on graphs). Both x and y axes are directly comparable / equally scaled across species. Specimen numbers and localities: A NMNW R 11585, NE of Koës, Hardap Region, Namibia; B iNaturalist 140169978 (Jacobus Retief), Merweville, Western Cape Province, South Africa; C NMNW R 11622, E of Lüderitz, || Karas Region, Namibia; D NMNW R 11643, SW of Gobabeb, Erongo Region, Namibia; E NMNW R 11657, NE of Keetmanshoop, || Karas Region, Namibia; F NMNW R 11704, Gobabeb; G NMNW R 11716, Hoanib River, Kunene Region, Namibia; H NMNW R 12114, Gobabeb; I NMNW R 11843, NW of Gobabeb; J NMNW R 11790, N of Swakopmund, Erongo Region, Namibia. The audio files on which this figure is based, are made available (File S 2).	2025-08-28	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.		Zenodo	biologists	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.			
CD74DC4946D65EF9A502DC9CEABFD570.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1404028	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e153514.figure4	Figure 4. Box and whisker plots of the morphological characters analysed using ANOVAs or Kruskal-Wallis tests, for cryptic species of the Ptenopus garrulus group. Numbered characters (numbered as in Methods) are indicated on y-axis labels: 1. Internarial / internasal scale base breadth; 2. rostral breadth / height; 3. internasal scale height / nostril breadth; 4. mid-body scale rows; 5. interorbital scales; 6. interorbital / mind-mody scales; 7. inter-nasal scales. Species colours correspond to those on Figure 2 and indicated on the key. Significant differences (according to pairwise post hoc tests) are indicated through homogenous groupings: Species not significantly different in the present character are one group, as indicated by lower-case letters. Species that share the same letters not differing significantly from each other; species with multiple letters are not significantly different from any other species sharing those letters. Approximate divisions between the groups are indicated by dotted lines perpendicular to the y-axis, and the group letters are indicated to the right of each graph.	Figure 4. Box and whisker plots of the morphological characters analysed using ANOVAs or Kruskal-Wallis tests, for cryptic species of the Ptenopus garrulus group. Numbered characters (numbered as in Methods) are indicated on y-axis labels: 1. Internarial / internasal scale base breadth; 2. rostral breadth / height; 3. internasal scale height / nostril breadth; 4. mid-body scale rows; 5. interorbital scales; 6. interorbital / mind-mody scales; 7. inter-nasal scales. Species colours correspond to those on Figure 2 and indicated on the key. Significant differences (according to pairwise post hoc tests) are indicated through homogenous groupings: Species not significantly different in the present character are one group, as indicated by lower-case letters. Species that share the same letters not differing significantly from each other; species with multiple letters are not significantly different from any other species sharing those letters. Approximate divisions between the groups are indicated by dotted lines perpendicular to the y-axis, and the group letters are indicated to the right of each graph.	2025-08-28	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.		Zenodo	biologists	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.			
CD74DC4946D65EF9A502DC9CEABFD570.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1404027	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e153514.figure3	Figure 3. Box and whisker plots of the bioacoustic characters analysed using ANOVA / Kruskal-Wallis tests, for species of Ptenopus. Numbered characters (numbered as in Methods) and their units are indicated on y-axis labels. Species colours correspond to those on Figure 2 and indicated on the key. Significant differences (according to pairwise post hoc tests) are indicated through homogenous groupings: Species not significantly different in the present character are one group, as indicated by lower-case letters. Species that share the same letters not differing significantly from each other; species with multiple letters are not significantly different from any other species sharing those letters. Approximate divisions between the groups are indicated by dotted lines perpendicular to the y-axis, and the group letters are indicated to the right of each graph.	Figure 3. Box and whisker plots of the bioacoustic characters analysed using ANOVA / Kruskal-Wallis tests, for species of Ptenopus. Numbered characters (numbered as in Methods) and their units are indicated on y-axis labels. Species colours correspond to those on Figure 2 and indicated on the key. Significant differences (according to pairwise post hoc tests) are indicated through homogenous groupings: Species not significantly different in the present character are one group, as indicated by lower-case letters. Species that share the same letters not differing significantly from each other; species with multiple letters are not significantly different from any other species sharing those letters. Approximate divisions between the groups are indicated by dotted lines perpendicular to the y-axis, and the group letters are indicated to the right of each graph.	2025-08-28	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.		Zenodo	biologists	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.			
CD74DC4946D65EF9A502DC9CEABFD570.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1404029	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e153514.figure5	Figure 5. Revised, interpreted distributions of Ptenopus species in southern Africa (high resolution map, can be zoomed for detail). Some species’ ranges overlap, shown with translucent overlapping shapes on the map. Others likely occur parapatrically along extended contact zones, represented by opaque, touching shapes. For further clarity, co-occurrence patterns for all species pairs are shown on Table 5, and confirmed individual records on Figure 2.	Figure 5. Revised, interpreted distributions of Ptenopus species in southern Africa (high resolution map, can be zoomed for detail). Some species’ ranges overlap, shown with translucent overlapping shapes on the map. Others likely occur parapatrically along extended contact zones, represented by opaque, touching shapes. For further clarity, co-occurrence patterns for all species pairs are shown on Table 5, and confirmed individual records on Figure 2.	2025-08-28	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.		Zenodo	biologists	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.			
1638BF11B3EE50EB9673F33AFB46A9DE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1404030	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e153514.figure6	Figure 6. Life colour variation and burrow cast of Ptenopus kochi: A NMNW R 11725 from Gobabeb, Erongo Region, Namibia (– 23.5779, 15.0423); B FB 2120 from NamibRand Nature Reserve, Hardap Region, Namibia (– 24.9770, 15.9302); C NMNW R 11751 from Far East Dunes, Hardap Region, Namibia (– 23.7953, 15.7825); D FBPtK 13 from NW of Gobabeb (– 23.3591, 14.8171); E aluminium burrow cast (uncatalogued) from Gobabeb (– 23.5622, 15.0403); F individual A, showing typical yellow incursions on the body of males. Photos by Francois S. Becker.	Figure 6. Life colour variation and burrow cast of Ptenopus kochi: A NMNW R 11725 from Gobabeb, Erongo Region, Namibia (– 23.5779, 15.0423); B FB 2120 from NamibRand Nature Reserve, Hardap Region, Namibia (– 24.9770, 15.9302); C NMNW R 11751 from Far East Dunes, Hardap Region, Namibia (– 23.7953, 15.7825); D FBPtK 13 from NW of Gobabeb (– 23.3591, 14.8171); E aluminium burrow cast (uncatalogued) from Gobabeb (– 23.5622, 15.0403); F individual A, showing typical yellow incursions on the body of males. Photos by Francois S. Becker.	2025-08-28	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.		Zenodo	biologists	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.			
1638BF11B3EE50EB9673F33AFB46A9DE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1404044	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e153514.figure20	Figure 20. Sonograms (top graphs) and oscillograms (bottom graphs) of representative advertisement calls of Ptenopus species (A – J, species names indicated on graphs). Both x and y axes are directly comparable / equally scaled across species. Specimen numbers and localities: A NMNW R 11585, NE of Koës, Hardap Region, Namibia; B iNaturalist 140169978 (Jacobus Retief), Merweville, Western Cape Province, South Africa; C NMNW R 11622, E of Lüderitz, || Karas Region, Namibia; D NMNW R 11643, SW of Gobabeb, Erongo Region, Namibia; E NMNW R 11657, NE of Keetmanshoop, || Karas Region, Namibia; F NMNW R 11704, Gobabeb; G NMNW R 11716, Hoanib River, Kunene Region, Namibia; H NMNW R 12114, Gobabeb; I NMNW R 11843, NW of Gobabeb; J NMNW R 11790, N of Swakopmund, Erongo Region, Namibia. The audio files on which this figure is based, are made available (File S 2).	Figure 20. Sonograms (top graphs) and oscillograms (bottom graphs) of representative advertisement calls of Ptenopus species (A – J, species names indicated on graphs). Both x and y axes are directly comparable / equally scaled across species. Specimen numbers and localities: A NMNW R 11585, NE of Koës, Hardap Region, Namibia; B iNaturalist 140169978 (Jacobus Retief), Merweville, Western Cape Province, South Africa; C NMNW R 11622, E of Lüderitz, || Karas Region, Namibia; D NMNW R 11643, SW of Gobabeb, Erongo Region, Namibia; E NMNW R 11657, NE of Keetmanshoop, || Karas Region, Namibia; F NMNW R 11704, Gobabeb; G NMNW R 11716, Hoanib River, Kunene Region, Namibia; H NMNW R 12114, Gobabeb; I NMNW R 11843, NW of Gobabeb; J NMNW R 11790, N of Swakopmund, Erongo Region, Namibia. The audio files on which this figure is based, are made available (File S 2).	2025-08-28	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.		Zenodo	biologists	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.			
1638BF11B3EE50EB9673F33AFB46A9DE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1404027	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e153514.figure3	Figure 3. Box and whisker plots of the bioacoustic characters analysed using ANOVA / Kruskal-Wallis tests, for species of Ptenopus. Numbered characters (numbered as in Methods) and their units are indicated on y-axis labels. Species colours correspond to those on Figure 2 and indicated on the key. Significant differences (according to pairwise post hoc tests) are indicated through homogenous groupings: Species not significantly different in the present character are one group, as indicated by lower-case letters. Species that share the same letters not differing significantly from each other; species with multiple letters are not significantly different from any other species sharing those letters. Approximate divisions between the groups are indicated by dotted lines perpendicular to the y-axis, and the group letters are indicated to the right of each graph.	Figure 3. Box and whisker plots of the bioacoustic characters analysed using ANOVA / Kruskal-Wallis tests, for species of Ptenopus. Numbered characters (numbered as in Methods) and their units are indicated on y-axis labels. Species colours correspond to those on Figure 2 and indicated on the key. Significant differences (according to pairwise post hoc tests) are indicated through homogenous groupings: Species not significantly different in the present character are one group, as indicated by lower-case letters. Species that share the same letters not differing significantly from each other; species with multiple letters are not significantly different from any other species sharing those letters. Approximate divisions between the groups are indicated by dotted lines perpendicular to the y-axis, and the group letters are indicated to the right of each graph.	2025-08-28	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.		Zenodo	biologists	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.			
F0DC5704D2B559259A6B5BEE04576FD5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1404032	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e153514.figure8	Figure 8. Life colour variation and substrate matching in Ptenopus maculatus: A Unvouchered individual from Gobabeb, Erongo Region, Namibia (– 23.5668, 15.0379); B NMNW R 11693 from Spitzkoppe, Erongo Region, Namibia (– 21.8393, 15.1946); C NMNW R 11668 from the same locality as B; D NMNW R 11688 from Hoanib River, Kunene Region, Namibia (– 19.3630, 13.1502). Photos by Francois S. Becker.	Figure 8. Life colour variation and substrate matching in Ptenopus maculatus: A Unvouchered individual from Gobabeb, Erongo Region, Namibia (– 23.5668, 15.0379); B NMNW R 11693 from Spitzkoppe, Erongo Region, Namibia (– 21.8393, 15.1946); C NMNW R 11668 from the same locality as B; D NMNW R 11688 from Hoanib River, Kunene Region, Namibia (– 19.3630, 13.1502). Photos by Francois S. Becker.	2025-08-28	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.		Zenodo	biologists	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.			
F0DC5704D2B559259A6B5BEE04576FD5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1404044	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e153514.figure20	Figure 20. Sonograms (top graphs) and oscillograms (bottom graphs) of representative advertisement calls of Ptenopus species (A – J, species names indicated on graphs). Both x and y axes are directly comparable / equally scaled across species. Specimen numbers and localities: A NMNW R 11585, NE of Koës, Hardap Region, Namibia; B iNaturalist 140169978 (Jacobus Retief), Merweville, Western Cape Province, South Africa; C NMNW R 11622, E of Lüderitz, || Karas Region, Namibia; D NMNW R 11643, SW of Gobabeb, Erongo Region, Namibia; E NMNW R 11657, NE of Keetmanshoop, || Karas Region, Namibia; F NMNW R 11704, Gobabeb; G NMNW R 11716, Hoanib River, Kunene Region, Namibia; H NMNW R 12114, Gobabeb; I NMNW R 11843, NW of Gobabeb; J NMNW R 11790, N of Swakopmund, Erongo Region, Namibia. The audio files on which this figure is based, are made available (File S 2).	Figure 20. Sonograms (top graphs) and oscillograms (bottom graphs) of representative advertisement calls of Ptenopus species (A – J, species names indicated on graphs). Both x and y axes are directly comparable / equally scaled across species. Specimen numbers and localities: A NMNW R 11585, NE of Koës, Hardap Region, Namibia; B iNaturalist 140169978 (Jacobus Retief), Merweville, Western Cape Province, South Africa; C NMNW R 11622, E of Lüderitz, || Karas Region, Namibia; D NMNW R 11643, SW of Gobabeb, Erongo Region, Namibia; E NMNW R 11657, NE of Keetmanshoop, || Karas Region, Namibia; F NMNW R 11704, Gobabeb; G NMNW R 11716, Hoanib River, Kunene Region, Namibia; H NMNW R 12114, Gobabeb; I NMNW R 11843, NW of Gobabeb; J NMNW R 11790, N of Swakopmund, Erongo Region, Namibia. The audio files on which this figure is based, are made available (File S 2).	2025-08-28	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.		Zenodo	biologists	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.			
F0DC5704D2B559259A6B5BEE04576FD5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1404028	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e153514.figure4	Figure 4. Box and whisker plots of the morphological characters analysed using ANOVAs or Kruskal-Wallis tests, for cryptic species of the Ptenopus garrulus group. Numbered characters (numbered as in Methods) are indicated on y-axis labels: 1. Internarial / internasal scale base breadth; 2. rostral breadth / height; 3. internasal scale height / nostril breadth; 4. mid-body scale rows; 5. interorbital scales; 6. interorbital / mind-mody scales; 7. inter-nasal scales. Species colours correspond to those on Figure 2 and indicated on the key. Significant differences (according to pairwise post hoc tests) are indicated through homogenous groupings: Species not significantly different in the present character are one group, as indicated by lower-case letters. Species that share the same letters not differing significantly from each other; species with multiple letters are not significantly different from any other species sharing those letters. Approximate divisions between the groups are indicated by dotted lines perpendicular to the y-axis, and the group letters are indicated to the right of each graph.	Figure 4. Box and whisker plots of the morphological characters analysed using ANOVAs or Kruskal-Wallis tests, for cryptic species of the Ptenopus garrulus group. Numbered characters (numbered as in Methods) are indicated on y-axis labels: 1. Internarial / internasal scale base breadth; 2. rostral breadth / height; 3. internasal scale height / nostril breadth; 4. mid-body scale rows; 5. interorbital scales; 6. interorbital / mind-mody scales; 7. inter-nasal scales. Species colours correspond to those on Figure 2 and indicated on the key. Significant differences (according to pairwise post hoc tests) are indicated through homogenous groupings: Species not significantly different in the present character are one group, as indicated by lower-case letters. Species that share the same letters not differing significantly from each other; species with multiple letters are not significantly different from any other species sharing those letters. Approximate divisions between the groups are indicated by dotted lines perpendicular to the y-axis, and the group letters are indicated to the right of each graph.	2025-08-28	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.		Zenodo	biologists	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.			
F0DC5704D2B559259A6B5BEE04576FD5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1404029	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e153514.figure5	Figure 5. Revised, interpreted distributions of Ptenopus species in southern Africa (high resolution map, can be zoomed for detail). Some species’ ranges overlap, shown with translucent overlapping shapes on the map. Others likely occur parapatrically along extended contact zones, represented by opaque, touching shapes. For further clarity, co-occurrence patterns for all species pairs are shown on Table 5, and confirmed individual records on Figure 2.	Figure 5. Revised, interpreted distributions of Ptenopus species in southern Africa (high resolution map, can be zoomed for detail). Some species’ ranges overlap, shown with translucent overlapping shapes on the map. Others likely occur parapatrically along extended contact zones, represented by opaque, touching shapes. For further clarity, co-occurrence patterns for all species pairs are shown on Table 5, and confirmed individual records on Figure 2.	2025-08-28	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.		Zenodo	biologists	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.			
F0DC5704D2B559259A6B5BEE04576FD5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1404027	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e153514.figure3	Figure 3. Box and whisker plots of the bioacoustic characters analysed using ANOVA / Kruskal-Wallis tests, for species of Ptenopus. Numbered characters (numbered as in Methods) and their units are indicated on y-axis labels. Species colours correspond to those on Figure 2 and indicated on the key. Significant differences (according to pairwise post hoc tests) are indicated through homogenous groupings: Species not significantly different in the present character are one group, as indicated by lower-case letters. Species that share the same letters not differing significantly from each other; species with multiple letters are not significantly different from any other species sharing those letters. Approximate divisions between the groups are indicated by dotted lines perpendicular to the y-axis, and the group letters are indicated to the right of each graph.	Figure 3. Box and whisker plots of the bioacoustic characters analysed using ANOVA / Kruskal-Wallis tests, for species of Ptenopus. Numbered characters (numbered as in Methods) and their units are indicated on y-axis labels. Species colours correspond to those on Figure 2 and indicated on the key. Significant differences (according to pairwise post hoc tests) are indicated through homogenous groupings: Species not significantly different in the present character are one group, as indicated by lower-case letters. Species that share the same letters not differing significantly from each other; species with multiple letters are not significantly different from any other species sharing those letters. Approximate divisions between the groups are indicated by dotted lines perpendicular to the y-axis, and the group letters are indicated to the right of each graph.	2025-08-28	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.		Zenodo	biologists	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.			
BCB7B0EF4A465DAC8D414B90784B0A44.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1404042	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e153514.figure18	Figure 18. Holotype (NMNW R 12100) of Ptenopus sceletus sp. nov. from NE of Swakopmund, Skeleton Coast, Erongo Region, Namibia (– 22.6259, 14.5457). Scale bar = 1 cm relative to full ventral and dorsal views. Photos by Francois S. Becker.	Figure 18. Holotype (NMNW R 12100) of Ptenopus sceletus sp. nov. from NE of Swakopmund, Skeleton Coast, Erongo Region, Namibia (– 22.6259, 14.5457). Scale bar = 1 cm relative to full ventral and dorsal views. Photos by Francois S. Becker.	2025-08-28	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.		Zenodo	biologists	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.			
BCB7B0EF4A465DAC8D414B90784B0A44.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1404043	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e153514.figure19	Figure 19. Life colour variation in Ptenopus sceletus sp. nov.: A NMNW R 12103 (paratype) from N of Swakopmund, Erongo Region, Namibia (– 22.6259, 14.5457); B NMNW R 12101 (allotype) from locality A; C NMNW R 11763 from Hoanib River, Kunene Region, Nambia (– 19.3539, 13.1453); D NMNW R 11754 from Henties Bay, Erongo Region, Namibia (– 22.1584, 14.3086); E NMNW R 12100 (holotype) and NMNW R 011771 from the same locality as A, showing sexual dichromatism in gular patches of this species (male gular patch may be divided or undivided, while female only has slight shades of yellow on lateral edges); F NMNW R 11771 from N of Swakop River near Swakopmund (– 22.6652, 14.57619) and NMNW R 11755 from N of the Omaruru River near Henties Bay (– 21.7703, 14.5520), showing iris colour variation from silver (most common in the sourthern extreme of the range) to brown (more common further north). Photos by Francois S. Becker.	Figure 19. Life colour variation in Ptenopus sceletus sp. nov.: A NMNW R 12103 (paratype) from N of Swakopmund, Erongo Region, Namibia (– 22.6259, 14.5457); B NMNW R 12101 (allotype) from locality A; C NMNW R 11763 from Hoanib River, Kunene Region, Nambia (– 19.3539, 13.1453); D NMNW R 11754 from Henties Bay, Erongo Region, Namibia (– 22.1584, 14.3086); E NMNW R 12100 (holotype) and NMNW R 011771 from the same locality as A, showing sexual dichromatism in gular patches of this species (male gular patch may be divided or undivided, while female only has slight shades of yellow on lateral edges); F NMNW R 11771 from N of Swakop River near Swakopmund (– 22.6652, 14.57619) and NMNW R 11755 from N of the Omaruru River near Henties Bay (– 21.7703, 14.5520), showing iris colour variation from silver (most common in the sourthern extreme of the range) to brown (more common further north). Photos by Francois S. Becker.	2025-08-28	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.		Zenodo	biologists	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.			
BCB7B0EF4A465DAC8D414B90784B0A44.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1404044	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e153514.figure20	Figure 20. Sonograms (top graphs) and oscillograms (bottom graphs) of representative advertisement calls of Ptenopus species (A – J, species names indicated on graphs). Both x and y axes are directly comparable / equally scaled across species. Specimen numbers and localities: A NMNW R 11585, NE of Koës, Hardap Region, Namibia; B iNaturalist 140169978 (Jacobus Retief), Merweville, Western Cape Province, South Africa; C NMNW R 11622, E of Lüderitz, || Karas Region, Namibia; D NMNW R 11643, SW of Gobabeb, Erongo Region, Namibia; E NMNW R 11657, NE of Keetmanshoop, || Karas Region, Namibia; F NMNW R 11704, Gobabeb; G NMNW R 11716, Hoanib River, Kunene Region, Namibia; H NMNW R 12114, Gobabeb; I NMNW R 11843, NW of Gobabeb; J NMNW R 11790, N of Swakopmund, Erongo Region, Namibia. The audio files on which this figure is based, are made available (File S 2).	Figure 20. Sonograms (top graphs) and oscillograms (bottom graphs) of representative advertisement calls of Ptenopus species (A – J, species names indicated on graphs). Both x and y axes are directly comparable / equally scaled across species. Specimen numbers and localities: A NMNW R 11585, NE of Koës, Hardap Region, Namibia; B iNaturalist 140169978 (Jacobus Retief), Merweville, Western Cape Province, South Africa; C NMNW R 11622, E of Lüderitz, || Karas Region, Namibia; D NMNW R 11643, SW of Gobabeb, Erongo Region, Namibia; E NMNW R 11657, NE of Keetmanshoop, || Karas Region, Namibia; F NMNW R 11704, Gobabeb; G NMNW R 11716, Hoanib River, Kunene Region, Namibia; H NMNW R 12114, Gobabeb; I NMNW R 11843, NW of Gobabeb; J NMNW R 11790, N of Swakopmund, Erongo Region, Namibia. The audio files on which this figure is based, are made available (File S 2).	2025-08-28	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.		Zenodo	biologists	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.			
BCB7B0EF4A465DAC8D414B90784B0A44.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1404027	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e153514.figure3	Figure 3. Box and whisker plots of the bioacoustic characters analysed using ANOVA / Kruskal-Wallis tests, for species of Ptenopus. Numbered characters (numbered as in Methods) and their units are indicated on y-axis labels. Species colours correspond to those on Figure 2 and indicated on the key. Significant differences (according to pairwise post hoc tests) are indicated through homogenous groupings: Species not significantly different in the present character are one group, as indicated by lower-case letters. Species that share the same letters not differing significantly from each other; species with multiple letters are not significantly different from any other species sharing those letters. Approximate divisions between the groups are indicated by dotted lines perpendicular to the y-axis, and the group letters are indicated to the right of each graph.	Figure 3. Box and whisker plots of the bioacoustic characters analysed using ANOVA / Kruskal-Wallis tests, for species of Ptenopus. Numbered characters (numbered as in Methods) and their units are indicated on y-axis labels. Species colours correspond to those on Figure 2 and indicated on the key. Significant differences (according to pairwise post hoc tests) are indicated through homogenous groupings: Species not significantly different in the present character are one group, as indicated by lower-case letters. Species that share the same letters not differing significantly from each other; species with multiple letters are not significantly different from any other species sharing those letters. Approximate divisions between the groups are indicated by dotted lines perpendicular to the y-axis, and the group letters are indicated to the right of each graph.	2025-08-28	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.		Zenodo	biologists	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.			
BCB7B0EF4A465DAC8D414B90784B0A44.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1404029	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e153514.figure5	Figure 5. Revised, interpreted distributions of Ptenopus species in southern Africa (high resolution map, can be zoomed for detail). Some species’ ranges overlap, shown with translucent overlapping shapes on the map. Others likely occur parapatrically along extended contact zones, represented by opaque, touching shapes. For further clarity, co-occurrence patterns for all species pairs are shown on Table 5, and confirmed individual records on Figure 2.	Figure 5. Revised, interpreted distributions of Ptenopus species in southern Africa (high resolution map, can be zoomed for detail). Some species’ ranges overlap, shown with translucent overlapping shapes on the map. Others likely occur parapatrically along extended contact zones, represented by opaque, touching shapes. For further clarity, co-occurrence patterns for all species pairs are shown on Table 5, and confirmed individual records on Figure 2.	2025-08-28	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.		Zenodo	biologists	Becker, François S.;Alexander, Graham J.;Tolley, Krystal A.			
