identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
A867992579E254E2B1BB20B90941A37F.text	A867992579E254E2B1BB20B90941A37F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apogonia aerata Moser 1916	<div><p>Apogonia aerata Moser, 1916</p><p>Fig. 12 A – H</p><p>Apogonia aerata Moser, 1916: 179 .</p><p>Apogonia convexicollis Frey, 1962: 610, synonymized by Bezděk and Kobayashi (2011).</p><p>Type material examined.</p><p>Apogonia aerata Moser, 1916 . • Syntype, ♂ (MFNB), “ Khasia Hills [printed] // Apogonia / aerata / Mos. type [handwritten] . Apogonia convexicollis Frey, 1962. • Holotype, ♂ (NHMB, coll. Frey), “ ASSAM, Kaziranga nordl. / Mikir – Hills, Brahmaputra, / V. 1961, leg. G. Scherer [printed] // TYPUS [red label, printed] // Apogonia convexicollis m [handwritten] det. G. Frey 1962 [printed] / typus [handwritten] .</p><p>Additional material examined.</p><p>India (Assam): • 1 ♂ (IECA), India, Assam state / Kohora (Kaziranga village) / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=93.433334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.583334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 93.433334/lat 26.583334)">Green Reed hotel</a> (light), 160 m / 26°35'N, 93°26'E 16. – 18. iv. 2008 / Fikáček, Podskalská, Šípek lgt. ; India (Meghalaya): • 1 ♂, 2 unsexed specimens (IECA), NE India, Meghalaya State / W Garo Hills, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=90.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.183332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 90.85/lat 25.183332)">Balphakram</a> / 22. – 27. v. 1996, alt. 400 m / 25°11'N, 90°51'E / E. Jendek &amp; O. Šauša lgt. • 4 ♂♂, 3 ♀ (IECA), NE India, W. Meghalaya / Umran, 33 km N <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=92.38333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.083334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 92.38333/lat 26.083334)">Shillong</a> / 26°05'N, 92°23'E / 14. – 23. vii. 1997, 800 m / Afonin &amp; Siniaev lgt. • 2 ♂♂ (NBAIR), Meghalaya, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=91.88333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.65" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 91.88333/lat 25.65)">Umiam</a> / 25°39'N, 91°53'E / 13–14. v. 2016 / leg. Sreedevi K. (Fig. 12 A – H) India (Mizoram): • 16 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (IECA), NE India, Mizoram st. / Lawnglai Distr., Ngengpuikai vill. / Ngeng Pui N. P., 120–350 m / 20. iv. – 9. v. 2017, St. Jákl lgt.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Bhutan (Frey 1975 a, 1975 b); India: Assam, Bihar and Meghalaya (Bezděk and Kobayashi 2011; Frey 1962; Moser 1916; Chandra et al. 2021; Das et al. 2023). New state record for Mizoram.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A867992579E254E2B1BB20B90941A37F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sreedevi, Kolla;Venkateswaran, Shanmugavel;Correya, Judith Corolin;Bezděk, Aleš	Sreedevi, Kolla, Venkateswaran, Shanmugavel, Correya, Judith Corolin, Bezděk, Aleš (2026): A taxonomic review of Apogonia from India with the description of four new species (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Melolonthinae, Diplotaxini). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 73 (2): 453-488, DOI: 10.3897/dez.73.193398
9BB58C4D697155E2AD7650F888211E2E.text	9BB58C4D697155E2AD7650F888211E2E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apogonia assamensis Moser 1919	<div><p>Apogonia assamensis Moser, 1919</p><p>Fig. 13 A – G</p><p>Apogonia assamensis Moser, 1919: 49 .</p><p>Type material examined.</p><p>• Syntype, ♂ (MFNB), “ Margherita / Assam / IV &amp; V 1889 [printed] // Apogonia / assamensis / Mos. type [handwritten] • syntype ♂ (MFNB), “ Margherita / Assam / IV &amp; V 1889 [printed] // assamenis / Mos. [handwritten] .</p><p>Additional material examined.</p><p>India (Arunachal Pradesh): • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (IECA), NE India / Arunachal Pradesh / Roing env. 800 m / 27. v. 2019 / Jan Horák lgt. • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (IECA), NE India, Arunachal Pradesh / Lower Dibang Valley District / Roing env., at light / 27. v. 2019, St. Jakl lgt. India (Assam): • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (IECA), N. E. India, Assam / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=94.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.133333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 94.0/lat 27.133333)">Pan Bbari Res. Forest</a> / 27°08'N, 94°00'E / 4. – 7. vii. 1997 / V. Siniaev lgt. • 5 ♂♂ (NBAIR), Assam, Jorhat, AAU / 26°20'N, 92°93'E / 04. vi. 2016 / leg. Sreedevi K. • 1 ♂ (NBAIR), Assam, Jorhat, AAU / 26°20'N, 92°93'E / 05. vi. 2016 / leg. Sreedevi K. • 3 ♂♂ (NBAIR), Assam, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=94.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.816668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 94.4/lat 26.816668)">Teok</a> / 26°49'N, 94°24'E / 06. v. 2016 / leg. Sreedevi K. • 7 ♂♂ (NBAIR), Assam, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=94.183334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.716667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 94.183334/lat 26.716667)">Jorhat</a>, AAU / 26°43'N, 94°11'E / 19. v. 2018 / leg. Sreedevi K. India (Meghalaya): • 2 ♂♂ (IECA), NE India, Meghalaya state / West Garo Hills, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=90.64167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.191668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 90.64167/lat 25.191668)">Bagmara</a> / 19. – 21. v. 1996, alt. 100 m / 25°11.5'N, 90°38.5'E / E. Jendek &amp; O. Šauša lgt. • 1 ♂ (NBAIR), Meghalaya, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=91.88333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.65" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 91.88333/lat 25.65)">Umiam</a> / 25°39'N, 91°53'E / 13. – 14. v. 2016 / leg. Sreedevi K. India (Mizoram): • 12 ♂♂ (NBAIR), Mizoram: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=92.666664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.216667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 92.666664/lat 24.216667)">Kolasib</a> / 24°13'N, 92°40'E / 15. v. 2018 / leg. Sreedevi K. (Fig. 13 A – G) India (Nagaland): • 1 ♂ (NBAIR), Nagaland, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=93.916664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.766666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 93.916664/lat 25.766666)">Medziphema</a> / 25°46'N, 93°55'E, 08. v. 2016 / leg. Sreedevi K. India (West Bengal): • 1 ♂ (IECA), India – West Bengal / Shiliguri env.: Sukna vill. / 2. – 3. vii. 1997 / Jan Schneider lgt.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Northeastern India: Assam (Moser 1919), Meghalaya (Chandra et al. 2021). New state records for Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Nagaland and West Bengal.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Apogonia assamensis is habitually very similar to A. ventralis Moser, 1913, which was described from northern Vietnam (Moser 1913) and later recorded from northern Thailand, northern Laos and southeastern China (Kobayashi 2015; Ziani et al. 2015). The only difference found during thorough examination of a large series of specimens seems to be the punctation of the pronotum. Apogonia ventralis has the pronotum more coarsely punctuated, thus looking somewhat matt by the naked eye, while the pronotum of A. assamensis is more sparsely punctuated and thus rather shiny. The shape of male genitalia is virtually the same for both species.</p><p>Because no material of this assamensis-ventralis complex is known to us from the Chinese states Xizang and the western part of Yunnan, as well as from northern Myanmar, the final decision about possible synonymy of both names has been postponed.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9BB58C4D697155E2AD7650F888211E2E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sreedevi, Kolla;Venkateswaran, Shanmugavel;Correya, Judith Corolin;Bezděk, Aleš	Sreedevi, Kolla, Venkateswaran, Shanmugavel, Correya, Judith Corolin, Bezděk, Aleš (2026): A taxonomic review of Apogonia from India with the description of four new species (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Melolonthinae, Diplotaxini). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 73 (2): 453-488, DOI: 10.3897/dez.73.193398
5AFF2DDFF7FB541583824AB01E1D5FAB.text	5AFF2DDFF7FB541583824AB01E1D5FAB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apogonia blanchardi Ritsema 1898	<div><p>Apogonia blanchardi Ritsema, 1898</p><p>Fig. 14 A – G</p><p>Apogonia blanchardi Ritsema, 1898: 30 .</p><p>Type material examined.</p><p>• Syntypes, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (MNHN): “ Chota Nagpore / Palkot R. P. / Cardon / VII. – VIII. 1897 [printed] // Apogonia rauca Blanch. / non Fabr. [handwritten] // Apogonia Blanchardi / type Rits. [handwritten] // Ritsema vidit / 1897 [printed] .</p><p>Additional material examined.</p><p>India (Chhattisgarh): • 5 ♂♂ (NBAIR), India: Chhattisgarh, Raipur / Rajim, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=81.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.1" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 81.35/lat 21.1)">Loharsi</a> / 21°6'N, 81°21'E / 19–21. vii. 2019 / leg. Sonalika K &amp; Arjuna (Fig. 14 A – G) • 2 ♂♂ (NBAIR), Chhattisgarh, Raipur / Rajim, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=81.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.1" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 81.35/lat 21.1)">Loharsi</a> / 21°6'N, 81°21'E / 09. vii. 2021 / leg. Sonalika K • 1 ♂ (NBAIR), Chhattisgarh, Raipur / Rajim, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=82.03333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.966667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 82.03333/lat 20.966667)">Fingeshwar</a> / 20°58'N, 82°02'E / 13. vii. 2021 / leg. Sonalika K. • 1 ♂ (NBAIR), Chhattisgarh, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=81.76667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.15" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 81.76667/lat 21.15)">Nava Raipur</a> / HLU, 21°9'N, 81°46'E / 22. vi. 2021 / leg. Sonalika K. India (Jharkhand): • 4 ♂♂ (NBAIR), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=85.36667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.316668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 85.36667/lat 23.316668)">Ranchi</a>, ICAR-NISA / 23°19'N, 85°22'E / 03. vi. 2020 / leg. Rajgopal, N N • 1 ♂ (NBAIR), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=85.36667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.316668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 85.36667/lat 23.316668)">Ranchi</a>, ICAR-NISA / 23°19'N, 85°22'E / 31. v. 2021 / leg. Rajgopal, N N. India (Uttar Pradesh): • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (IECA), India, 28. ix. 1997 / Uttar Pradesh, Agra / P. Pucholt lgt. India (West Bengal): • 1 ♂, 5 unsexed specimens (IECA), India: S-West Bengal / Shankenikatan near Bolpur / 22. – 26. iv. 1998, alt. 10 m / leg. Fabrizi and Ahrens .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>India: Bengal, Chota Nagpore plateau, Mysore (Ritsema 1898), Assam (Das et al. 2016; Bhattacharyya et al. 2017), Haryana (Mittal 1981; Chandra 1986; Ghosh et al. 2020), Mizoram (Chatterjee 2007; Ghosh et al. 2023). First reliable records for Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and Uttar Pradesh.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>There is a single female specimen labelled as type of Apogonia carinata Brenske in MFNB with the locality label: “ India or. / Nagpore [printed] ”. However, Brenske never published its formal description. The specimen is identical with A. blanchardi .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5AFF2DDFF7FB541583824AB01E1D5FAB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sreedevi, Kolla;Venkateswaran, Shanmugavel;Correya, Judith Corolin;Bezděk, Aleš	Sreedevi, Kolla, Venkateswaran, Shanmugavel, Correya, Judith Corolin, Bezděk, Aleš (2026): A taxonomic review of Apogonia from India with the description of four new species (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Melolonthinae, Diplotaxini). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 73 (2): 453-488, DOI: 10.3897/dez.73.193398
24724A6D7E0F5E5E8CB51E3F763C935D.text	24724A6D7E0F5E5E8CB51E3F763C935D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apogonia daksina Sreedevi & Venkateswaran & Correya & Bezděk 2026	<div><p>Apogonia daksina sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 8 A – H</p><p>Type material.</p><p>• Holotype: ♂ (NBAIR), “ India: Kerala, Malappuram, / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.316666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.283334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.316666/lat 11.283334)">Nedumkayam</a>, 11°17'N, 76°19'E, / 28. iv. 2022, / leg. Judith Corolin Correya ” // ICAR- NBAIR -APO 1 ” (Fig. 8 A – H).</p><p>Description of the holotype.</p><p>(Fig. 8 A – D): Body shiny, blackish brown to dark brown. Measurements: Body length – 10.5 mm, body width – 5.9 mm.</p><p>Head: Clypeus trapezoidal, emarginate, densely and deeply punctate; punctures running into rugae at margin, frons densely and deeply punctate, diameter of punctures larger at the center than those at the margin, vertex densely and deeply punctate, diameter of punctures slightly smaller than frons. Antenna decamerous, antennomere 1 elongated, gradually widened towards the apex, antennomere 2 constricted, anteriorly forming a bead-like structure, antennomeres 3–7 gradually decreasing in length and increasing in width. Antennal club trimerous with short erect setae, shorter than funicle. Mandibles densely punctate with slender setae, labrum anterior margin straight, densely deeply punctate with a group of erect setae directed towards the middle of the oral cavity. Prementum densely punctate with dense setae, mentum sparsely punctate, diameter of punctures smaller than that of labrum punctures, submentum almost rectangular in shape with very shallow sparse punctures. Maxillary palpus tetramerous, palpomeres gradually increasing in length and width towards the apex with slender setae. Labial palpus trimerous.</p><p>Pronotum densely coarsely punctate, anterior angle acute, posterior angle obtuse, lateral margins almost rounded. Scutellar shield densely irregularly punctuate, posterior half impunctate.</p><p>Elytra densely punctate, punctures near to costae arranged in longitudinal rows.</p><p>Thoracic and abdominal ventrites: Prosternum shallow, uniformly punctate with creamy white short setae. Mesoventrite shallow, densely punctate with minute white setae. Metavetrite sparsely punctate at middle and densely at margin, laterally with minute white setae. Diameter of punctures larger in middle and progressively decreasing towards margin. Metepisternum densely punctate with creamy white setae; length of setae gradually decreasing from base to apex. Abdominal ventrites densely punctate with slender short setae. Propygidium with sparse punctures bearing minute setae, pygidium with sparse punctures and minute setae, punctures arranged almost in circular pattern, center of pygidium almost smooth and impunctate.</p><p>Legs: Protibia tridentate with a single basal spine, densely punctate, diameter of punctures wider at middorsal line. Short erect setae arranged in 5 rows. Row 1 near to the outer margin, row 2 at middorsal line, rows 3–5 arranged between middorsal line to outer margin. All legs with 5 tarsomeres. Protarsomere 1 elongated and longer than tarsomere 2, protarsomere 4 smaller than rest, protarsomere 5 longer bearing a pair of equal cleft claws. Mesotibia thick, short, surface rugose with short erect setae. Mesotarsomere 1–4 gradually decreasing in length and width, mesotarsomere 5 longer than rest, bearing a pair of cleft equal claws. Metatibia thick flattened, sparsely punctate with short setae. Length of setae gradually increasing from anterior to posterior end. Metatarsomere 1 smaller than tarsomere 2 and metatarsomere 2–4 gradually decreasing in length and width, metatarsomere 5 longer than rest bearing a pair of equal cleft claws.</p><p>Aedeagus (Fig. 8 E – H): Parameres broader at proximal end and gradually narrowed distally (wedge shaped) with three curved, sclerotized filamentous structures arising from middle, of these two are positioned dorsally and one ventrally.</p><p>Female unknown.</p><p>Differential diagnosis.</p><p>By the shape of the body, the new species resembles A. rauca, a species also known from Kerala state. Both species are easily recognizable by the punctation of the pronotum, which is more coarsely punctated in A. daksina sp. nov. (Fig. 8 C) than in A. rauca (Fig. 7 B). Protibia in A. rauca is bidentate, while it is tridentate in A. daksina sp. nov. Shape of parameres also differs in both the species (compare Fig. 10 E – H and Fig. 6 E – H).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species name “ daksina ”, a Sanskrit noun meaning south, which refers to the southernmost region of India where this species inhabits (Kerala). It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>India: Kerala.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/24724A6D7E0F5E5E8CB51E3F763C935D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sreedevi, Kolla;Venkateswaran, Shanmugavel;Correya, Judith Corolin;Bezděk, Aleš	Sreedevi, Kolla, Venkateswaran, Shanmugavel, Correya, Judith Corolin, Bezděk, Aleš (2026): A taxonomic review of Apogonia from India with the description of four new species (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Melolonthinae, Diplotaxini). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 73 (2): 453-488, DOI: 10.3897/dez.73.193398
C1D66AEE7ECB5E9EA0B63EA17D56B82E.text	C1D66AEE7ECB5E9EA0B63EA17D56B82E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apogonia dindigul Sreedevi & Venkateswaran & Correya & Bezděk 2026	<div><p>Apogonia dindigul sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 9 A – H</p><p>Type material.</p><p>• Holotype: ♂ (NBAIR), “ India: Tamil Nadu / Dindigul, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.63333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.63333/lat 10.3)">Thandigudi</a> / 10°18'N, 77°38'E / 10. v. 2023, leg. Sreedevi K / Judith, Balaji, Venkateswaran S ” // ICAR- NBAIR -APO 2 ” (Fig. 9 A – H) . Paratypes: • 1 ♂ (NBAIR), “ India: Tamil Nadu / Dindigul, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.63333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.63333/lat 10.3)">Thandigudi</a> / 10°18'N, 77°38'E / 10. v. 2023, leg. Sreedevi K / Judith, Balaji, Venkateswaran S ” // ICAR- NBAIR -APO 3 ” • 2 ♂♂ (IECA), “ S-India: 19. VII. 96, 5 km / E Perumalmatal, Tamil / Nadu, Palni Hills / Werner / Lorenz leg. ” .</p><p>Description of the holotype.</p><p>(Fig. 9 A – D): Body smooth, clypeus, frons, vertex and pronotum dark reddish brown and scutellar shield and elytra slightly lighter than pronotum.</p><p>Measurements: Body length – 7.9 mm, body width – 4.8 mm.</p><p>Head: Clypeus coarsely punctate with short and erect setae, clypeal margin straight and thin, clypeal suture curved medially, frons smooth, shining, medially depressed and coarsely punctate in the medially depressed area, rest of the area slightly raised with scanty punctations, minute setae arising from the punctations, vertex densely punctate, larger and punctures of sides with short and erect setae. Antenna decamerous, pale brown to dark brown.</p><p>Pronotum: Anterior margin thin, dark black, anterior and posterior angle obtuse, punctations denser in the center, shallow and scattered at the lateral margins and posterior region. Scutellar shield minutely and sparsely punctate.</p><p>Elytra with shallow and scattered punctures, a small decumbent seta arising from each puncture.</p><p>Thoracic and abdominal ventrites: Prosternum with minute, shallow and scattered punctures, each puncture with setae, mesoventrite with shallow, scattered and medium sized punctures in center, denser at sides and each puncture with tiny decumbent setae, metaventrite shallowly and densely punctate, metepisternum densely and rugosely punctate with decumbent setae. Abdominal ventrites 1–5 with small punctures, sparse at center and denser at sides with decumbent setae arising from each puncture. Pygidium coarsely punctate, length of setae increasing from anterior area to posterior, pygidial margin with dense long and erect setae.</p><p>Legs: Protibia bidentate, bearing sparse setae at outer edge, yellowish brown short setae arranged longitudinally on inner side, proximal tooth not very sharp, distal tooth sharp. Basal part with single protibial spine and distal inner side with single spur. All legs with 5 tarsomeres. Protarsomere 1 elongated, all tarsomeres with crown of hairs ventrally. Mesotibia slender with crown of short setae. Mesotarsomere 1 as long as mesotarsomere 2 and 3 and slightly longer than 4, mesotarsomere 5 longer than rest of the segments bearing two cleft and equal claws. Metatibia slender and elongated with small to medium sized setae on the surface. Metatarsomere 1 proximally elongated, distally globular and smaller than rest, metatarsomere 2–4 elongated and gradually decreasing in length, metatarsomere 5 as long as 2 bearing two equal cleft claws.</p><p>Aedeagus (Fig. 9 E – H): Left paramere as long as right paramere. Left paramere laterally depressed at basal area and slightly curved. Right paramere depressed dorsally and gradually decreasing in width to the 3 / 4 th of the length forming a boat-shaped, elongated and slightly depressed end.</p><p>Female unknown.</p><p>Differential diagnosis.</p><p>Apogonia dindigul sp. nov. is in habitus similar to A. glabrifrons, the vertex of both species is covered with short but distinct setae. Apogonia dindigul is slightly larger in size. The main difference is in the shape of the parameres, which are longer and slightly asymmetrical in A. dindigul sp. nov. (Fig. 9 F – G), but shorter and symmetrical in A. glabrifrons (Fig. 15 E – F).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The name (noun in apposition) refers to the type locality, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu (India).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>India: Tamil Nadu.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C1D66AEE7ECB5E9EA0B63EA17D56B82E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sreedevi, Kolla;Venkateswaran, Shanmugavel;Correya, Judith Corolin;Bezděk, Aleš	Sreedevi, Kolla, Venkateswaran, Shanmugavel, Correya, Judith Corolin, Bezděk, Aleš (2026): A taxonomic review of Apogonia from India with the description of four new species (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Melolonthinae, Diplotaxini). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 73 (2): 453-488, DOI: 10.3897/dez.73.193398
B67B532CB119564F97D57331F171F980.text	B67B532CB119564F97D57331F171F980.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apogonia ferruginea (Fabricius 1781)	<div><p>Apogonia ferruginea (Fabricius, 1781)</p><p>Figs 3 A – C, 4 A – G, 5 A</p><p>Melolontha ferruginea Fabricius, 1781: 41 .</p><p>Apogonia ferruginea: Dejean, 1836: 179 (new combination).</p><p>Apogonia anfracta Karsch, 1882: 123, synonymized by Arrow (1916).</p><p>Apogonia sequens Frey, 1975: 233, new junior subjective synonym.</p><p>Type material examined.</p><p>Melolontha ferruginea: • lectotype (here designated, Fig. 3 A – C), ♀ (BMNH), “ Melol. Ferruginea / Fabr. Sp. Ins. No. - 38 [handwritten] ” . Apogonia sequens: • holotype, ♂ (NHMB, coll. Frey), “ Dehra – Dun / W. Himalaya / Leg. Liesenfeldt [printed] // Type [printed] Apogonia sequens [handwriten] / G. Frey 19 [printed] 74 [handwritten, red label] .</p><p>Additional material examined.</p><p>India (Jharkhand): • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (IECA), Kombir / P. Cardon India (Madhya Pradesh): • 1 ♂ (IECA), Zentralindien / Khajuraho / 24. – 31. vii. 1991 / Richter lgt. India (Punjab): • 1 ♂ (IECA), India NW, Punjab / Dasuya village / 21. vi. 2003 / lgt. R. Novák (Fig. 5 A) . India (Rajastan): • 1 ♀, India, Rajastan / Pushakar / vii. 1995 / R. Sauer lgt. • 3 ♂♂ (NBAIR), India: Rajasthan: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=74.63333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.433332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 74.63333/lat 26.433332)">Ajmer</a> / 26°26'N, 74°38'E / 26. vi. 2023 / leg. Sreedevi K (Fig. 4 A – G) . India (Uttarakhand): • 1 ♂ (IECA), Timli, Siwalik / 15. i. 1956 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (IECA). Indien (U. P.), 450 m / Umg. Rishikesh / vii. 1989, Heinz leg. • 1 ♂ (IECA), U. Pradesh, vii. 1991 / Rishikesh, 450 m / Werner lgt .</p><p>Redescription.</p><p>(Fig. 4 A – G): Body rusty reddish brown.</p><p>Measurements. Body length - 8.7 mm, body width - 5.4 mm (average of four male specimens measured).</p><p>Head. Clypeus trapezoidal, slightly emarginate, densely deeply punctate, uniformly arranged, diameter of punctures larger than that of vertex, frons impunctate, vertex with shallow sparse punctations. Antenna decamerous, antennomere 1 elongate and gradually increasing width from base to apex, antennomere 2 wider and slightly constricted, antennomeres 3–7 gradually increasing in width and decreasing in length. Antennal club trimerous with short erect golden setae and shorter than funicle. Mandibles sparsely punctate with long slender setae, labrum anterior margin straight, sparsely punctate with fine setae along the margin, Labium smooth with sparse long slender setae. Maxillary palpus tetramerous, palpomeres gradually increasing in length, apical palpomere longer than the rest. Labial palpus trimerous.</p><p>Pronotum almost uniformly sparsely punctate, lateral margin strongly curved posteriorly. Scutellar shield triangular, smooth and impunctate.</p><p>Elytra uniformly punctate, with minute setae, punctations slightly larger than that of pronotum. Pygidium broader than long with evenly distributed punctures. Diameter of punctures larger at centre than near margins.</p><p>Thoracic and abdominal ventrites: Prosternum densely punctate with slender and minute setae on punctures. Mesoventral punctures dense at the margins and sparse in the middle. Each puncture bears minute setae. Metaventrite deeply densely punctate and diameter of punctures larger than that on mesoventrite, with slender minute setae. Metepisternum deeply densely punctate similar to that of metaventrite. Abdominal ventrites uniformly punctate with sparse minute setae on each puncture. Propygidium densely punctate with minute setae. Pygidium deeply and uniformly punctate with minute setae on each puncture.</p><p>Legs: Protibia bidentate with a single spine at the inner basal margin. Single row of setae on the middorsal line uniformly placed. Outer lateral margin with a single row of densely arranged setae. Length of setae increasing from base to apex. All legs with 5 tarsomeres. Protarsomere 1 elongated, protarsomeres 2–4 gradually increasing in length with a ventral pad of setae, protarsomere 5 longer than the rest bearing a pair of cleft claws. Mesotibia sparsely punctate with a greater number of long slender setae on both margins. Mesotarsomere 1 elongated, mesotarsomeres 2–4 gradually decreasing in length and increasing in width, mesotarsomere 5 longer than the rest with a pair of clefted claws. Metatibia sparsely punctate, with equidistant uniformly placed rows of setae. Length of setae increasing from proximal to distal segments. Metatarsomere 1 elongated, metatarsomeres 2–4 gradually decreasing in length and increasing in width, metatarsomere 5 longer than the rest bearing a pair of cleft claws.</p><p>Aedeagus (Fig. 4 E – G): Parameres asymmetrical and slightly convoluted near the articulation to the phallobase. Right paramere is elongate, fused with rounded apex with highly sclerotised median lobe. Paired lobes flanking the median lobe. Presence of minute spines around the paramere dorsally resembles a shape of an eye. In lateral view, the median lobe appears convex.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>The distribution of A. ferruginea in India is badly known. All historical records should be verified. The species was often misidentified with A. granum Burmeister, 1855, A. kombirana Brenske, 1896 and A. uniformis Blanchard, 1851 . The verified geographical occurrence covers Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan and Uttarakhand. Previously published records from northwestern India, e. g. Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Bihar (Barlow 1899; Sabatinelli 1993; Mittal 1981; Chandra 1986; Chatterjee and Mukhopadyay 2005; Ghosh et al. 2020), northeastern India – Assam (Das et al. 2016; Bhattacharyya et al. 2017), western India – Rajasthan (Chatterjee and Mukhopadyay 2005), and central India – Madhya Pradesh (Chandra and Gupta 2011) might be correct.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>It seems that the type locality for A. ferruginea (“ Coromandel ”) as stated by Fabricius (1781) is not correct. It refers to Coromandel Coast of the southeastern part of India. But according to the currently known geographical area of A. ferruginea, the type specimen was, in fact, collected somewhere in central or northern India. Based on the shape of genae, Apogonia ferruginea differs from A. uniformis very clearly. Genae of A. ferruginea are more prominent and pointed apically (Fig. 5 A), while regularly rounded in A. uniformis (Fig. 5 B). This character is also useful for female specimens.</p><p>The study of the holotype of A. sequens Frey, 1975 enabled us to synonymize A. sequens with A. ferruginea . Arrow (1916) synonymized A. anfracta Karsch, 1882 described from Sri Lanka with A. ferruginea . The status of A. anfracta is still unclear. The only type is a female and study of additional males from Sri Lanka is necessary for the clarification of its status. It is very probably a junior synonym of A. uniformis or a separate, valid species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B67B532CB119564F97D57331F171F980	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sreedevi, Kolla;Venkateswaran, Shanmugavel;Correya, Judith Corolin;Bezděk, Aleš	Sreedevi, Kolla, Venkateswaran, Shanmugavel, Correya, Judith Corolin, Bezděk, Aleš (2026): A taxonomic review of Apogonia from India with the description of four new species (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Melolonthinae, Diplotaxini). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 73 (2): 453-488, DOI: 10.3897/dez.73.193398
E53FEFABE3CF5D1CACAE83E39B99E4BC.text	E53FEFABE3CF5D1CACAE83E39B99E4BC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apogonia gemellata Kirby 1819	<div><p>Apogonia gemellata Kirby, 1819</p><p>Figs 1 A – G, 2 A – H</p><p>Apogonia gemellata Kirby, 1819: 404 .</p><p>Type material examined.</p><p>• Lectotype (here designated, Fig. 1 A – G): ♂ (OXUM), “ (1) / gemellata [handwritten, Kirby’s manuscript] // Kirby [p, pink label] ” • paralectotype: 1 ♀ (OXUM), “ gemellata, K. c. [handwritten] // Kirby [p, pink label] ”.</p><p>Additional material examined.</p><p>India (Chhattisgarh): • 1 ♂ (NBAIR), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=81.76667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.15" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 81.76667/lat 21.15)">Naya Raipur</a>, HNLU / 21, 21°09'N, 81°46'E / 30. vi. 2021 / leg. Sonalika, K (Fig. 2 A – H) . India (Jharkhand): • 15 ♂♂ (NBAIR), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=85.36667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.316668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 85.36667/lat 23.316668)">Ranchi</a>, ICAR-NISA / 23°19'N, 85°22'E / 03. vi. 2020 / leg. Rajgopal, N N. • 5 ♂♂ (NBAIR), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=85.36667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.316668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 85.36667/lat 23.316668)">Ranchi</a>, ICAR-NISA / 23°19'N, 85°22'E / 31. v. 2021 / leg. Rajgopal, N N. India (Odisha): • 1 ♂ (IECA), India, Orissa state / Similipal N. P., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=86.53333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.933332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 86.53333/lat 21.933332)">Lulung</a> / 21°56'N, 86°32'E / 25. v. – 13. vi. 1998 / Karel and Šimon Majer lgt. India (West Bengal): • 1 ♀ (BMNH), Bengalen .</p><p>Redescription.</p><p>(Fig. 2 A – H): Body shiny, blackish brown to dark brown.</p><p>Measurements: Body length – 11.3 mm, body width - 6.6 mm (average of 10 male specimens measured).</p><p>Head: Labrum anterior margin arched (curved), coarsely widely punctate with a group of erect setae directed towards the middle of the oral cavity, clypeus crescent shape, deeply punctate, punctures slightly coalescent near eye canthus. Frons with dense punctures, diameter of punctures large in middle and smaller at margin. Vertex with dense punctures, diameter of punctures smaller than in frons. Antenna decamerous, antennomere 1 elongated, gradually widening towards the apex, antennomere 2 constricted forming bead-like structure anteriorly, antennomeres 3–7 gradually decreasing in length and increasing in width, club trimerous, shorter than funicle. Mandibles densely punctate with slender setae, labium, prementum densely punctate with closely arranged setae, mentum scarcely punctate, diameter of punctures smaller than that of labrum punctures, submentum trapezoidal shape with very shallow scarce punctures. Maxillary palpus tetramerous, palpomeres gradually increasing in length and width towards the apex with slender setae, terminal palpomere robust with cone-like apex. Labial palpus trimerous.</p><p>Pronotum uniformly, coarsely and densely punctate, anterior angle acute, with small extended flap-like lateral projection; posterior angle obtuse and curved, lateral margins wave-like. Scutellar shield triangular, densely punctate anteriorly, posterior half impunctate.</p><p>Elytra elongate, widest at middle, striae finely punctuate.</p><p>Thoracic and abdominal ventrites: setose, prosternum shallow, uniformly punctate with creamy white short setae, mesoventrite shallow, densely punctate with minute white setae, metaventrite sparsely punctate to impunctate, smooth at middle and very dense at margin / laterally with minute white setae, punctations slightly coalescent near the lateral margin. Diameter of punctures larger in middle and progressively decreasing towards margin. Metepisternum densely punctate with creamy white setae; length of setae gradually decreasing from anterior to posterior end. Abdominal ventrites sparsely punctate with slender short setae, punctations weak in the middle. Propygidium shallowly punctate with minute setae. Pygidium finely and sparsely punctate with minute setae, centre of pygidium almost smooth impunctate.</p><p>Legs: Protibia bidentate with single short basal spine (Fig. 2 C), short erect setae arranged in 4 rows, row 1 near to the outer margin, while row 2 at middorsal line, rows 3 and 4 arranged between middorsal line to inner margin. All legs with 5 tarsomeres. Protarsomere 1 longer than 2, protarsomere 2 smaller and slightly wider than protarsomere 3, protarsomere 4 smaller than rest, protarsomere 5 longer than the rest bearing a pair of cleft, equal claws. Mesotibia thick, short, surface rugose with short erect setae. Mesotarsomeres 1–4 gradually decreasing in length and width, mesotarsomere 5 longer than the rest, bearing a pair of cleft, very slightly unequal claws. Metatibia thick flattened, sparsely punctate with short setae. Length of setae gradually increasing from anterior to posterior end. Metatarsomere 1 smaller than 2, metatarsomeres 2–4 gradually decreasing in length and width while metatarsomere 5 longer than rest bearing a pair of cleft equal claws.</p><p>Aedeagus (Fig. 2 E – H): Parameres slightly asymmetrical; base swollen. Left paramere narrower than the right and deflected towards left with the apex curved inward. Apex of right paramere curved inward. A sclerotized loop-like branch present near apex of the parameres.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>India: West Bengal, Odisha, Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand. But geographical distribution of this species is still badly delimited, and a separate study is needed. See remarks below.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Kirby (1819) described A. gemellata from “ Brasilia? ”. Later on, Blanchard (1851) treated this name as a junior synonym of the Oriental species A. rauca (Fabricius, 1781) . Although this concept was largely accepted by subsequent authors (e. g., Burmeister 1855; Gemminger and Harold 1869; Dalla Torre 1912; Bezděk 2004), the examination of the types of both species has been badly needed to confirm this synonymy. The personal study (A. B.) of the type material of both species, A. rauca from BMHN and A. gemellata from OXUM, revealed, that A. gemellata is a distinct, valid species and the type locality “ Brasilia? ” is erroneous. Apogonia gemellata was very likely described based on material originating from India.</p><p>Apogonia gemellata belongs together with A. nigricans Hope, 1831 and A. hopei Ritsema, 1897 to a group of three very similar taxa. The shape of male genitalia is virtually the same, but the main difference is in the punctation of the pronotum. Apogonia nigricans (type locality: “ Nepaul ”) has a pronotum shallowly and sparsely punctated, while the pronotum of A. hopei (type locality: “ Madras ”) is nearly dull, coarsely and densely punctated. Punctation of the pronotum of the lectotype of A. gemellata is in between these two forms, more closely to A. nigricans . Generally, punctation of pronotum of the species in this complex is somewhat variable; there are slight differences even among specimens collected in the same locality. The best way to resolve this complex seems to be the analysis of molecular data. We are currently far from such an analysis, because of lacking high-quality DNA samples of the nigricans - gemellata - hopei complex. Moreover, there is one more species of this complex with uncertain type locality: Apogonia punctata Bos, 1890 (type locality: “ India or. ”) known from a female holotype only. The distribution of A. gemellata proposed in this paper is based on specimens with approximately identical punctation of pronotum as the lectotype.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E53FEFABE3CF5D1CACAE83E39B99E4BC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sreedevi, Kolla;Venkateswaran, Shanmugavel;Correya, Judith Corolin;Bezděk, Aleš	Sreedevi, Kolla, Venkateswaran, Shanmugavel, Correya, Judith Corolin, Bezděk, Aleš (2026): A taxonomic review of Apogonia from India with the description of four new species (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Melolonthinae, Diplotaxini). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 73 (2): 453-488, DOI: 10.3897/dez.73.193398
7B07192AAB185DCFA0F106A82AF6AF39.text	7B07192AAB185DCFA0F106A82AF6AF39.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apogonia glabrifrons Frey 1960	<div><p>Apogonia glabrifrons Frey, 1960</p><p>Fig. 15 A – G</p><p>Apogonia glabrifrons Frey, 1960: 323 .</p><p>Type material examined.</p><p>Holotype, ♂ (NHMB, coll. Frey), “ Anamalai Hills / Cinchona, 3500 ft. / V. 56 [printed] // Süd Indien / leg. Nathan [printed] // TYPE [red label, printed] // G. Frey 1959 [printed] // Apogonia glabrifrons / Typus [handwritten] .</p><p>Additional material examined.</p><p>India (Tamil Nadu): • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (IECA), S. India / Anamalai Hills / Cinchona, 3500 Ft. / IV- 1956 / leg. R. P. Susan Nathan . India (Kerala): • 7 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀ (IECA), S. India, Kerala, 1250 m / 15 km SW Munnar, 1. – 9. v. 1997 / N 10 02, E 79 58, Kallar Valley / P. Pacholátko lgt. • 1 ♂ (NBAIR), Kerala, Idukki / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.21667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.966666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.21667/lat 9.966666)">Santhanpara</a>, KVK / 9°58'N, 77°13'E / 28. v. 2023 / leg. Venkateswaran S, Judith Corolin Correya (Fig. 15 A – G) .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>India: Tamil Nadu (Frey 1960). First record for Kerala.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B07192AAB185DCFA0F106A82AF6AF39	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sreedevi, Kolla;Venkateswaran, Shanmugavel;Correya, Judith Corolin;Bezděk, Aleš	Sreedevi, Kolla, Venkateswaran, Shanmugavel, Correya, Judith Corolin, Bezděk, Aleš (2026): A taxonomic review of Apogonia from India with the description of four new species (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Melolonthinae, Diplotaxini). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 73 (2): 453-488, DOI: 10.3897/dez.73.193398
5065F073463F57F59983139C764D23AC.text	5065F073463F57F59983139C764D23AC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apogonia granum Burmeister 1855	<div><p>Apogonia granum Burmeister, 1855</p><p>Fig. 16 A – G</p><p>Apogonia granum Burmeister, 1855: 258 .</p><p>Type material examined.</p><p>• Syntype, ♂ (MLUH): “ granum [underlined] / Nob. / Ind. p. Hlf. [handwritten] ” .</p><p>Additional material examined.</p><p>India (Arunachal Pradesh): • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (IECA), NE India, Arunachal Pradesh / Lower Dibang Valley district / Roing env., at light / 27. v. 2019, St. Jákl lgt. • 1 ♂, 11 unsexed specimens (IECA), NE India, W Arunachal Pradesh / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=92.96667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.933332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 92.96667/lat 26.933332)">Pakke Tiger Reserve</a> / 26°56'N, 92°58'E, 70–150 m / 27. iv. – 8. v. 2022 St. Jákl lgt. India (Assam): • 1 ♂ (IECA), India, Assam state / Kohora (Kaziranga village) / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=93.433334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.583334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 93.433334/lat 26.583334)">Green Reed hotel</a> (light), 160 m / 26°35'N, 93°26'E 16. – 18. iv. 2008 / Fikáček, Podskalská, Šípek lgt. • 1 ♂ (NBAIR), Assam, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=94.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.816668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 94.4/lat 26.816668)">Teok</a> / 26°49'N, 94°24'E / 06. v. 2016 / leg. Sreedevi K. (Fig. 16 A – G) • 5 ♂♂ (NBAIR), Assam, Jorhat, AAU / 91 m, 26°72'N, 94°19'E / 06. v. 2016 / leg. Sreedevi K. India (Meghalaya): • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀ (IECA), NE India, Meghalaya state / West Garo Hills, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=90.64167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.191668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 90.64167/lat 25.191668)">Bagmara</a> / 19. – 21. v. 1996, alt. 100 m / 25°11.5'N, 90°38.5'E / E. Jendek &amp; O. Šauša lgt . • 1 ♂ (IECA), NE India, W. Meghalaya / Garo Hills, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=91.066666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.666666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 91.066666/lat 25.666666)">Nokrek NP</a> / 25°40'N, 91°04'E / 2. – 13. vii. 1997 / Afonin &amp; Siniaev lgt. • 1 ♂ (NBAIR), Meghalaya, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=91.88333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.65" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 91.88333/lat 25.65)">Umiam</a> / 25°39'N, 91°53'E / 14. v. 2016 / leg. Sreedevi K. India (Mizoram): • 6 ♂♂, 11 ♀♀ (IECA), NE India, Mizoram st. / Lawnglai Distr., Ngengpuikai vill. / Ngeng Pui N. P., 120–350 m / 20. iv. – 9. v. 2017, St. Jákl lgt.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Widely distributed species, known from Pakistan (Fazal et al. 2018), China (Kobayashi 2019 a) and northern Thailand (Kobayashi 2015). New record for India and Indian states Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya and Mizoram.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5065F073463F57F59983139C764D23AC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sreedevi, Kolla;Venkateswaran, Shanmugavel;Correya, Judith Corolin;Bezděk, Aleš	Sreedevi, Kolla, Venkateswaran, Shanmugavel, Correya, Judith Corolin, Bezděk, Aleš (2026): A taxonomic review of Apogonia from India with the description of four new species (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Melolonthinae, Diplotaxini). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 73 (2): 453-488, DOI: 10.3897/dez.73.193398
2D15C7CD58935C90B3E405A8B2CC907B.text	2D15C7CD58935C90B3E405A8B2CC907B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apogonia inaequalis Sreedevi & Venkateswaran & Correya & Bezděk 2026	<div><p>Apogonia inaequalis sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 10 A – H</p><p>Type material.</p><p>• Holotype: ♂ (NBAIR), “ India: Mizoram, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=92.666664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.216667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 92.666664/lat 24.216667)">Kolasib</a> / 24°13'N, 92°40'E / 15. v. 2018 / leg. Sreedevi K. // ICAR- NBAIR -APO 4 ” (Fig. 10 A – H) . Paratypes: • 1 ♂ (NBAIR), “ India: Mizoram, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=92.666664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.216667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 92.666664/lat 24.216667)">Kolasib</a> / 24°13'N, 92°40'E / 15. v. 2018 / leg. Sreedevi K. // ICAR- NBAIR -APO 5 ” • 1 ♂ (IECA), “ NE India, S Mizoram st. / Lawnglai Distr., Ngengpuikai vill. / Ngeng Pui N. P., 120–350 m a. s. l. / 20. IV. – 9. V. 2017, St. Jakl lgt. ” .</p><p>Description of the holotype.</p><p>(Fig. 10 A – D): Body smooth, clypeus, frons, vertex, pronotum, scutellar shield, elytra and ventrites dark blackish with brown metallic sheen.</p><p>Measurements: Body length – 7.4 mm, body width – 4.7 mm.</p><p>Head: Clypeus uniformly punctate with thin margin. Fronto-clypeal suture slightly curved inwardly at center, frons sparsely punctate and depressed slightly in the middle, vertex densely punctate with smaller size of punctures than clypeus and frons. Antenna decamerous, antennal club trimerous, yellowish brown and shorter than funicle.</p><p>Pronotum smooth with sparse punctures, anterior margin uniformly and thinly bordered and evenly punctured, punctures larger at the center than those of at margin and posterior, anterior angles acute and posterior angles obtuse. Scutellar shield with very minute and sparse punctures, impunctate medially.</p><p>Elytra shallowly and sparsely punctate.</p><p>Thoracic and abdominal ventrites: Prosternum minutely and shallowly punctate with conspicuous setae, mesoventrite minutely punctate, punctures larger in middle and gradually decreasing towards sides, metepisternum densely and shallowly punctate, metaventrite minutely punctate. Abdominal ventrites 1–5 sparsely and minutely punctate with tiny setae. Pygidium minutely and sparsely punctate with sparse setae on the posterior margin, dorsal penultimate segment shallow and sparsely punctate.</p><p>Legs: Protibia tridentate and dentations sharp, proximal tooth smaller than rest. Basal part of protibiae with 2 spines and a single spur at a distance. Sparse setae arranged longitudinally on dorsal side of the protibia. All legs with 5 tarsomeres. Protarsomere 4 smaller than rest while protarsomere 5 longer bearing two cleft claws. Protarsomeres bearing crown of hairs on ventral side. Mesotibia longer and slightly depressed with sparse number of setae arranged longitudinally and bearing two spurs distally. Mesotarsomeres 1–4 decreasing gradually in length and mesotarsomere 1 equals to mesotarsomere 5. Metatibia longer and rugose with two tibial spurs at the end. Metatarsomeres 1–4 decreasing gradually in length, metatarsomere 5 equals metatarsomere 1 in length and bears two equal cleft claws at apex.</p><p>Aedeagus (Fig. 10 E – H): Parameres asymmetrical with presence of small granules on dorsal surface, left paramere shorter than right, distal margin of right paramere curved externally. Another curve starts gently towards distal region and line of dentations arranged along the curved line with numerous dentate structures scattered to the right-side area of the curved line, curved margin joining to the distal end with numerous crown setae arranged in a line.</p><p>Female unknown.</p><p>Differential diagnosis.</p><p>Based on the external morphology and the shape of male genitalia, the species belongs to the Apogonia apicalis species group as defined by Kobayashi and Lien (2021) and Bezděk (2025). It differs from all known species of this group by the presence of small, but well visible granules on the dorsal surface of both parameres (see Fig. 10 F).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species is named after the parameres character, where the right and left parameres are unequal.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>India: Mizoram.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2D15C7CD58935C90B3E405A8B2CC907B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sreedevi, Kolla;Venkateswaran, Shanmugavel;Correya, Judith Corolin;Bezděk, Aleš	Sreedevi, Kolla, Venkateswaran, Shanmugavel, Correya, Judith Corolin, Bezděk, Aleš (2026): A taxonomic review of Apogonia from India with the description of four new species (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Melolonthinae, Diplotaxini). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 73 (2): 453-488, DOI: 10.3897/dez.73.193398
8D4265F750B95E009339176193D8B4CB.text	8D4265F750B95E009339176193D8B4CB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apogonia mangalorensis Moser 1919	<div><p>Apogonia mangalorensis Moser, 1919</p><p>Fig. 17 A – H</p><p>Apogonia mangalorensis Moser, 1919: 50 .</p><p>Type material examined.</p><p>Syntype, ♂ (MFNB), “ Jndia [printed] / Mangalore [handwritten] // Apogonia / mangalorensis / Mos. Type [handwritten] .</p><p>Additional material examined.</p><p>India (Karnataka): • 1 ♂ (IECA), India – Karnataka / 20 km SE <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=75.148834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.106167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 75.148834/lat 14.106167)">Sagar</a>, 600 m / 14°06.37'N, 75°08.93'E / leg. M. Halada, 12. v. 2005 • 1 ♂ (NBAIR), Karnataka, Chikkamagaluru / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=75.76667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.566667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 75.76667/lat 13.566667)">Balehonnur</a>, CCRI / / 750 m, 13°34'N, 75°46'E / 19. iii. 2009 / leg. Umesh Kumar (Fig. 17 A – H) .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>India: Karnataka (Moser 1919, this paper).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8D4265F750B95E009339176193D8B4CB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sreedevi, Kolla;Venkateswaran, Shanmugavel;Correya, Judith Corolin;Bezděk, Aleš	Sreedevi, Kolla, Venkateswaran, Shanmugavel, Correya, Judith Corolin, Bezděk, Aleš (2026): A taxonomic review of Apogonia from India with the description of four new species (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Melolonthinae, Diplotaxini). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 73 (2): 453-488, DOI: 10.3897/dez.73.193398
9B2938CD2B5854E6929D8C147B1E79B1.text	9B2938CD2B5854E6929D8C147B1E79B1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apogonia meghalayaensis Sreedevi & Venkateswaran & Correya & Bezděk 2026	<div><p>Apogonia meghalayaensis sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 11 A – H</p><p>Type material.</p><p>• Holotype: ♂ (NBAIR), “ India: Meghalaya, Ri Bhoi / Umiam, 1520 m, 25°67'N, 81°92'E, / 13. v. 2016 / leg. Sreedevi K // ICAR- NBAIR -APO 6 ” (Fig. 11 A – H) . Paratypes: • 1 ♂ (IECA), “ NE India: Meghalaya / East Khasi Hills / dist. Umloi (ca 950 m), ca 20 / km NE Shillong, 28. – 29. VI. 1995 // L. Bartolozzi &amp; K. Werner / legit (di notte alle luci) / (num. mag. 1715) ” • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (IECA), “ NE India: Meghalaya / East Khasi Hills / Umran (ca 800 m), 33 km N / di Shillong, 29. VI. – 2. VII. 1995 // L. Bartolozzi &amp; K. Werner / legit (di notte alle luci) / (num. mag. 1715) ” • 2 ♀♀ (IECA), “ N India, Meghalaya State / W Garo Hills reg. Tura / 5. – 7. V. 1996, alt. 700 m / N 25 30.7, E 90 13.9 / E. Jendek &amp; O. Šauša leg. ” • 2 ♂♂ (IECA) “ NE India, W. Meghalaya / Umran, 33 km N <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=92.38333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.083334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 92.38333/lat 26.083334)">Shillong</a> / 26°05'N; 92°23'E / 14. – 23.7. 1997, 800 m / Afonin &amp; Siniaev lgt. ” • 1 ♀ (IECA), “ NE India, Meghalaya / 8 km N of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=91.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.633333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 91.9/lat 25.633333)">Shillong</a> / 25°38'N, 91°54'E, 1200 m / R. Businský leg., 7. – 9. v. 2004 ” .</p><p>Description of the holotype.</p><p>(Fig. 11 A – D): Body smooth, clypeus light reddish brown, frons and vertex slightly lighter than clypeus. Pronotum, scutellar shield, and elytra light golden yellow with gentle green metallic luster.</p><p>Measurements: Body length – 6.5 mm, body width – 4.0 mm.</p><p>Head: Clypeus with sparse punctation, scattered at middle and denser at margins, diameter of punctures smaller at proximal margin and larger towards frontoclypeal suture, vertex and frons shallowly and sparsely punctate. Antenna decamerous, yellowish brown.</p><p>Pronotum: Anterior margin thick and uniform, anterior angles sharp, posterior obtuse, punctures scattered and shallow. Scutellar shield shallowly and sparsely punctate with minute setae.</p><p>Elytra: Elytra densely punctate and diameter of punctures on elytra larger than on pronotum and scutellar shield.</p><p>Thoracic and abdominal ventrites: Prosternum indistinctly and shallowly punctate with small and erect setae, mesoventrite sparsely punctate, scattered at middle and denser at sides with tiny setae, metaventrite coarsely punctate, metepisternum densely punctate with minute setae. Abdominal ventrites punctate, sparser at middle and denser at sides with tiny and erect setae. Propygidium densely punctate with decumbent setae. Punctures on pygidium deep and dense proximally, sparse distally, proximal punctures with shorter setae and distal with longer setae.</p><p>Legs: Protibia bidentate with sparse short setae at the margin of tooth, and in a row on the middle and inner dorsal margins, basal outer margin of protibiae slightly serrated, lacking spine. All legs with 5 tarsomeres, Protarsomere 1 dorsally flattened and longer than protarsomeres 2–4, protarsomeres 2–3 beaded and dorsally flattened, protarsomeres 1–4 decreasing gradually in length, protarsomere 5 elongated with 2 cleft claws at apex. Mesotibiae thick, comparatively shorter than metatibiae, covered with sparse setae. Mesotarsomeres 1–4 gradually decreasing in length and tarsomere 5 longer than the rest bearing two equal cleft claws at apex. Metatarsomere 1 longer and thicker than metatarsomere 2–4, metatarsomere 5 longer than rest bearing cleft claws at apex.</p><p>Aedeagus (Fig. 11 E – H): Parameres asymmetrical with complex coiled structures at apex, long flagellum arises from the right paramere.</p><p>Female. The female differs from the male by the shorter and sparser setae on the ventral side of tarsomeres 1–4 and by the smaller and less convex pygidium.</p><p>Differential diagnosis.</p><p>Based on the characteristic and peculiar shape of male genitalia (Fig. 11 E – H), Apogonia meghalayaensis sp. nov. resembles several Apogonia species from eastern and southeastern Asia, like Apogonia tumai Kobayashi, 2016 (China: Fujian and Zhejiang), A. complanata Kobayashi, 2020 (northern Laos), A. castaneifemorata Kobayashi, 2015 (northern Thailand), Apogonia illiberalis Kobayashi, 2010 (southern Thailand and Cambodia) or A. unidentata Miyake, Yamaguchi &amp; Akiyama, 2002 (eastern Thailand). Parameres in this group are short, very complex, with long flagellum arising from right paramere, which circles both parameres from the dorsal view. Probably due to lack of the material, this group has not been reported from Myanmar yet. Apogonia meghalayaensis sp. nov. differs from above mentioned species by the color, which is pale brown with gentle green metallic luster (missing in other species of this group).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The name (adjective in the nominative singular) refers to the type locality, Meghalaya (India).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>India: Meghalaya.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9B2938CD2B5854E6929D8C147B1E79B1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sreedevi, Kolla;Venkateswaran, Shanmugavel;Correya, Judith Corolin;Bezděk, Aleš	Sreedevi, Kolla, Venkateswaran, Shanmugavel, Correya, Judith Corolin, Bezděk, Aleš (2026): A taxonomic review of Apogonia from India with the description of four new species (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Melolonthinae, Diplotaxini). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 73 (2): 453-488, DOI: 10.3897/dez.73.193398
3F8E7C75A66859EBAFB41844029A75BC.text	3F8E7C75A66859EBAFB41844029A75BC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apogonia rauca (Fabricius 1781)	<div><p>Apogonia rauca (Fabricius, 1781)</p><p>Figs 6 A, 6 B, 7 A – H</p><p>Melolontha rauca Fabricius, 1781: 41 .</p><p>Apogonia rauca: Dejean, 1836: 179 (new combination).</p><p>Anomala punctatissima Walker, 1859: 56, synonymized by Ritsema (1891).</p><p>Apogonia punctatissima: Waterhouse, 1877: 225 (new combination).</p><p>Apogonia rauca var. unistriata Brenske, 1900: 348, synonymized by Arrow (1916).</p><p>Apogonia soluta Kolbe, 1899: 199, synonymized by Arrow (1916).</p><p>Apogonia liberata Kolbe, 1899: 200, synonymized by Arrow (1916).</p><p>Apogonia intacta Kolbe, 1899: 201, synonymized by Arrow (1916).</p><p>Type material examined.</p><p>• Lectotype (here designated, Fig. 6 A, B), ♀ (BMHN), “ Melol. Rauca / Fabr. Sp. Ins. No. - 37 [handwritten] ” .</p><p>Additional material examined.</p><p>India (Andhra Pradesh): • 1 ♂ (NBAIR), India: Andhra Pradesh, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=83.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.683332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 83.0/lat 17.683332)">Anakapalle</a> / ARS, 17°41'N, 83°0'E / viii. 2021 / leg. Visalakshi M. India (Chhattisgarh): • 1 ♂ (NBAIR), Chhattisgarh, Rajim, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=81.86667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 81.86667/lat 20.95)">Pokhara</a> / 20°57'N, 81°52'E / 12. vii. 2021 / Sonalika K . • 1 ♂ (NBAIR), Chhattisgarh, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=82.01667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.066668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 82.01667/lat 19.066668)">Jagdalpur</a>, CoA / 19°4'N, 82°1'E / 20–25. vii. 2021 / leg. Jayaram &amp; Sonalika . India (Karnataka): • 2 ♂♂ (NBAIR), Karnataka, Kodagu, Chettalli / 609 m, 12°37'N, 75°84'E / 14. iii. 2019 / leg. Sreedevi K. • 1 ♂ (NBAIR), Karnataka, Shivamogga, Thirthahalli / 591 m, 13°68'N, 75°24'E / 03. v. 2018 / leg. Naveen R. India (Kerala): • 1 ♂ (IECA), India – Kerala, 100 m / Malampuzha, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.65&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.833333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.65/lat 10.833333)">Palakkad</a> / 10°50'N, 76°39'E / leg. M. Halada, 28. iv. 2005 . India (Madras): • 3 ♂♂ 1 ♀ (IECA), SE India, Chennai / (Madras), Manapakkan / 1–10. viii. 2002 . India (Maharashtra): • 1 ♂ (NBAIR), Maharashtra, Pravaranagar, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=74.816666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.966667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 74.816666/lat 19.966667)">Ahmednagar</a> / 539 m, 19°58'N, 74°49'E / 09. vii. 2022 / leg. Sreedevi K. India (Tamil Nadu): • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (IECA), India S, Tamil Nadu / Nilgiri Hills, 15 km SE of Kotagiri / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.933334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.366667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.933334/lat 11.366667)">Kunchappanai</a>, 11°22'N, 76°56'E / 900 m, 13. – 20. v. 1994 / Z. Kejval &amp; R. Sauer leg. India (Tamil Nadu): • 4 ♂♂ (NBAIR), Tamil Nadu, Dindigul, Thandikudi / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.63333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.63333/lat 10.3)">Regional Coffee Research Station</a> / 10°18'N, 77°38'E, 10. v. 2023 / leg. Sreedevi K., Judith, Balaji, Venkateswaran S. • 8 ♂♂ (NBAIR), Tamil Nadu, Dindigul, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.283334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.7/lat 10.283334)">Thadiyankudisai</a>, HRS / 10°17'N, 77°42'E / 10. v. 2023 / leg. Sreedevi K., Judith, Balaji, Venkateswaran S. (Fig. 7 A – H) • 4 ♂♂ (NBAIR), Tamil Nadu, Salem, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=78.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.783334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 78.2/lat 11.783334)">Yercaud</a>, HRS / 11°47'N, 78°12'E / 13. v. 2023 / leg. Sreedevi K., Judith, Balaji, Venkateswaran S. • 7 ♂♂ (NBAIR), Tamil Nadu, Namakkal / Kolli hills, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=78.333336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.283334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 78.333336/lat 11.283334)">Moolakadai</a> / 11°17'N, 78°20'E, 12. v. 2023 / leg. Sreedevi K., Judith, Balaji, Venkateswaran S. India (Union Territory of Puducherry): • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀ (IECA), South India, Pondicherry State / Karaikal, x. 2002 / Y. R. S. N. coll .</p><p>Redescription.</p><p>(Fig. 7 A – H): Body shiny blackish brown to dark brown.</p><p>Measurements: Body length – 9.6 mm, body width - 5.3 mm (average of 10 male specimens measured).</p><p>Head: Clypeus trapezoidal with smooth margins, sparsely punctate at middle and densely punctate at margins, frons and vertex sparsely punctate with very minute setae. Antenna decamerous, antennomere 1 elongated, gradually widened towards the apex, antennomere 2 beaded, constricted at proximal junction. Antennomeres 3–7 gradually widened, reducing in length, antennal club trimerous with short erect brownish setae, club shorter than funicular segments. Mandibles and maxillae unevenly punctate with slender long setae, labrum flattened, uneven, deeply punctate with slender setae, submentum smooth, trapezoidal shaped, prementum sparsely punctate with erect long setae. Maxillary palpus tetramerous, gradually elongated towards the apex. Labial palpus trimerous.</p><p>Pronotum sparsely and shallowly punctate with very minute setae, diameter of punctures slightly bigger than that of frons and vertex, anterior angle sharp and acute, posterior angle obtuse, lateral margins slightly curved and rounded. Scutellar shield impunctate at middle of longitudinal axis and sparsely punctate at lateral margin.</p><p>Elytra densely punctate with very minute setae and diameter of punctures slightly smaller than pronotum. Propygidium densely punctate with minute setae as observed in abdominal ventrites.</p><p>Thoracic and abdominal ventrites: Prosternum densely shallowly punctate with minute setae, mesoventrite densely punctate with minute setae, metaventrite scattered punctate at middle and denser at margin, metepisternum dense shallowly punctate with setae, length of setae gradually decreasing from anterior to posterior. Abdominal ventrites densely punctate with minute setae. Pygidium sparsely punctate with minute setae and diameter of punctures larger at margins than at the central region. Posterior margin of pygidium with short slender setae.</p><p>Legs: Protibia with single spine at outer basal margin. All legs with 5 tarsomeres. Protarsomere 1 long, curved, gradually widened, protarsomeres 2–3 beaded and length of protarsomere 3 longer than tarsomeres 2 and 4, protarsomere 5 longer than rest bearing equal cleft claws. Mesotibia long slender with setae, length of setae increasing from base to apex. Mesotarsomeres 1–2 almost equal in length and gradually widened, mesotarsomeres 3–4 almost equal in length, gradually narrowed, mesotarsomere 5 longer than rest, narrowed with cleft claws at apex. Metatibia elongated with longitudinal shallow punctures, length of setae gradually increasing from base to apex. Metatarsomeres 1–5 almost equal in length, metatarsomeres 2–4 gradually decreasing in length and width, metatarsomere 5 bearing a pair of equal cleft claws.</p><p>Aedeagus (Fig. 7 E – H): Parameres asymmetrical, left paramere at the half of length widened dorsally and thereafter suddenly narrowed towards the end; widened area of left paramere unevenly connected to the margin of right paramere in the middle margin. Internal margin of right paramere at the half of the length unevenly overlapped by left paramere, thereafter smoothly curved towards the left side to the ¾ of its length, numerous spines like structures arranged in an uneven concave disc-like structure laterally.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>All previously published records should be carefully revised, those from out-of-India countries are based on misidentifications. A widely distributed species in southern India, reliably known from Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Puducherry (Fabricius 1781; Olivier 1789; Herbst 1790; Fabricius 1801; Gemminger and Harold 1869; Brenske 1900). The species is newly recorded here from Karnataka, Kerala, Chhattisgarh and Maharashtra.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The study of the type material allowed us to remove Apogonia gemellata Kirby, 1819 from synonymy with A. rauca and treat it as a valid species. Ritsema (1891) and Arrow (1916) synonymized the following names with A. rauca based only on limited knowledge of original type material: A. punctatissima (Walker, 1859); A. rauca unistriata Brenske, 1900; A. soluta Kolbe, 1899; A. liberata Kolbe, 1899 and A. intacta Kolbe, 1899 . Bezděk (2004) provisionally accepted these synonyms also. All these names represent species from Sri Lanka. According to our current knowledge, A. rauca does not occur in Sri Lanka and thus these previously published synonyms should be carefully re-evaluated.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3F8E7C75A66859EBAFB41844029A75BC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sreedevi, Kolla;Venkateswaran, Shanmugavel;Correya, Judith Corolin;Bezděk, Aleš	Sreedevi, Kolla, Venkateswaran, Shanmugavel, Correya, Judith Corolin, Bezděk, Aleš (2026): A taxonomic review of Apogonia from India with the description of four new species (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Melolonthinae, Diplotaxini). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 73 (2): 453-488, DOI: 10.3897/dez.73.193398
DEBC76D693325740B51430CB395AA42C.text	DEBC76D693325740B51430CB395AA42C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apogonia tibetana Kobayashi 2019	<div><p>Apogonia tibetana Kobayashi, 2019</p><p>Fig. 18 A – G</p><p>Apogonia tibetana Kobayashi, 2019: 58 .</p><p>Type material examined.</p><p>None.</p><p>Additional material examined.</p><p>India (Arunachal Pradesh): • 1 ♂ (NBAIR), India: Arunachal Pradesh, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=95.333336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.066668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 95.333336/lat 28.066668)">Pasighat</a> / 28°4'N, 95°20'E / 11. xi. 2014 / leg. J. Poorani • 5 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀ (IECA), NE India, E. Arunachal Pradesh / Kamlang Nat. Park / Wakro env., alt. 600 m / 23. vi. 2018, St. Jákl lgt India (Assam): • 5 ♂♂, 13 unsexed specimens (IECA), N. E. India, Assam / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=94.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.133333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 94.0/lat 27.133333)">Pan Bbari Res. Forest</a> / 27°08'N, 94°00'E / 4. – 7. vii. 1997 / V. Siniaev lgt. • 1 ♂, 19 unsexed specimens (IECA), N. E. India, 24. vii. – 2. viii. 1997 / Assam – N. P. Nameri / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=93.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.333334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 93.25/lat 27.333334)">Tezpur</a> – 60 km N, 150 m / 27°20'N, 93°15'E / Afonin &amp; Siniaev lgt. • 1 ♂ (IECA), N. E. India, Assam / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=92.583336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.033333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 92.583336/lat 27.033333)">Bhalukpong</a>, 26. v. – 3. vi. 2006 / 27°02'N, 92°35'E, 150 m / L. Dembický lgt. India (Meghalaya): • 1 ♂ (IECA), NE India, Meghalaya State / W Garo Hills, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=90.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.183332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 90.85/lat 25.183332)">Balphakram</a> / 22. – 27. v. 1996, alt. 400 m / 25°11'N, 90°51'E / E. Jendek &amp; O. Šauša lgt. • 1 ♂ (IECA), NE India, Meghalaya / Nokrek N. P., 3 km S <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=90.316666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.45" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 90.316666/lat 25.45)">Darbokgiri</a> / 25°27'N, 90°19'E, 26. iv. 1999 / Dembický &amp; Pacholátko leg. • 1 ♂ (IECA), NE India, W. Meghalaya / Umran, 33 km N <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=92.38333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.083334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 92.38333/lat 26.083334)">Shillong</a> / 26°05'N, 92°23'E / 14. – 23. vii. 1997, 800 m / Afonin &amp; Siniaev lgt. • 2 ♂♂ (NBAIR), Meghalaya, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=91.88333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.65" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 91.88333/lat 25.65)">Umiam</a> / 25°39'N, 91°53'E / 13–14. v. 2016 / leg. Sreedevi K (Fig. 18 A – G) .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China: Xizang (Kobayashi 2019 a, 2019 b), India: Arunachal Pradesh (Kobayashi 2021), new country records for Assam and Meghalaya.</p><p>Remark.</p><p>Based on the external morphology and the shape of male genitalia, the species belongs to the Apogonia apicalis species group as defined by Kobayashi and Lien (2021) and Bezděk (2025).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DEBC76D693325740B51430CB395AA42C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sreedevi, Kolla;Venkateswaran, Shanmugavel;Correya, Judith Corolin;Bezděk, Aleš	Sreedevi, Kolla, Venkateswaran, Shanmugavel, Correya, Judith Corolin, Bezděk, Aleš (2026): A taxonomic review of Apogonia from India with the description of four new species (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Melolonthinae, Diplotaxini). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 73 (2): 453-488, DOI: 10.3897/dez.73.193398
D5A1EF53F6CE5FEABFED706854EFCBD9.text	D5A1EF53F6CE5FEABFED706854EFCBD9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apogonia uniformis Blanchard 1851	<div><p>Apogonia uniformis Blanchard, 1851</p><p>Figs 19 A – E, 20 A – H, 5 B</p><p>Apogonia uniformis Blanchard, 1851: 229 .</p><p>Type material examined.</p><p>• Syntype, ♂ (MNHN), “ 1337 / 36 [handwritten, underside of yellow rounded label] // MUSEUM PARIS / PONDICHÉRY / PERROTET 1836 [printed] // TYPE [printed, red letters, white label] // Apogonia / uniformis Blanch. [handwritten, Blanchard's manuscript] • syntypes, 2 ♂♂ (MNHN), “ 1337 / 36 [handwritten, underside of yellow rounded label] // MUSEUM PARIS / PONDICHÉRY / PERROTET 1836 but without identification label written by Blanchard himself .</p><p>Additional material examined.</p><p>India (Andhra Pradesh): • 1 ♂ (NBAIR), India: Andhra Pradesh, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=83.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.683332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 83.0/lat 17.683332)">Anakapalle</a> / ARS, 17°41'N, 83°0'E / 13. viii. 2021 / leg. Visalakshi M (Fig. 20 A – H) . • 1 ♂ (NBAIR), Andhra Pradesh, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=83.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.683332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 83.0/lat 17.683332)">Anakapalle</a> / ARS, 17°41'N, 83°0'E / viii. 2021 / leg. Visalakshi M. India (Goa): • 4 ♂♂ (IECA), India W, Goa / Baga beach, NW Panaji / 26. – 28. v. 2000 / P. Pacholátko leg. India (Chhattisgarh): • 1 ♂; (NBAIR), Chhattisgarh, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=81.76667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.15" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 81.76667/lat 21.15)">Nava Raipur</a>, HLU / 21°9'N, 81°46'E / 22. vi. 2021 / leg. Sonalika K. India (Karnataka): • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (IECA), S India / Shimoga / Mysore state • 2 ♂♂ (IECA), Indien, 13. v. 1935 / Mysore Staat / Bhadravati • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (IECA), S India / Bhadravati / 28. iv. – 15. v. 1937 / R. P. Susan Nathan . India (Tamil Nadu): • 1 ♂ (IECA), Inde / Anamalai Hills / Chincona • 1 ♂ (IECA), Indes Orient. / Trichinopoly / R. P. J. Castets • 1 ♂ (IECA), SE India, Chennai / (Madras), Manapakkam / 1. – 10. viii. 2002 • 1 ♂ (IECA), India – Tamilnadu / 20 km SW <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.74834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.21" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.74834/lat 11.21)">Karamadai</a>, 450 m / 11°12.6'N, 76°44.9'E / leg. M. Halada, 27. iv. 2005 (Figs 19 A – E, 5 B) .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Current distribution of Apogonia uniformis is not fully resolved. The species was described from “ Pondichéry ” in Tamil Nadu and subsequently recorded from Karnataka (Barlow 1899). New state records for Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Goa.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Records from other parts of India (e. g. Sikkim and Bihar – Barlow 1899) should be verified. The personal study of type material of closely similar (maybe identical) Apogonia kombirana Brenske, 1896 (originally described from “ Kombir ” – evidently misspelled Konbir in Jharkhand) and more material from northern part of India are necessary for detailed delimitation of geographical area of A. uniformis .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D5A1EF53F6CE5FEABFED706854EFCBD9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sreedevi, Kolla;Venkateswaran, Shanmugavel;Correya, Judith Corolin;Bezděk, Aleš	Sreedevi, Kolla, Venkateswaran, Shanmugavel, Correya, Judith Corolin, Bezděk, Aleš (2026): A taxonomic review of Apogonia from India with the description of four new species (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Melolonthinae, Diplotaxini). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 73 (2): 453-488, DOI: 10.3897/dez.73.193398
FDF2A654134E5F84A306A8FF3FFA5153.text	FDF2A654134E5F84A306A8FF3FFA5153.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apogonia villosella Blanchard 1851	<div><p>Apogonia villosella Blanchard, 1851</p><p>Fig. 21 A – G</p><p>Apogonia villosella Blanchard, 1851: 229 .</p><p>Type material examined.</p><p>• Syntype, ♀ (MNHN), “ MUSÉUM PARIS [printed] Inde / P. Roux, 1–36 [handwritten] // 1 / 36 [handwritten, underside of yellow round label] // Apogonia / villosella Blanch. [handwritten, Blanchard's manuscript] // TYPE [red letters, white label] ” .</p><p>Additional material examined.</p><p>India (Maharashtra): • 3 ♂♂ (IECA), India W, 24. – 28. ix. 2005 / Maharashtra st., 4 km S of / Lonavala, Bhushi dam env. / 500 m, J. Bezděk leg. India (Karnataka): • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (IECA): India – Karnataka / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=74.799835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.39" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 74.799835/lat 13.39)">Udupi env.</a>, 20 m / 13°23.40'N, 74°47.99'E / 23. iv. 2005, M. Halada lgt. • 1 ♂ (NBAIR), Karnataka, Shivamogga / Hosanagara, 585 m, 13°92'N, 75°06'E / 23. v. 2018 / leg. R. Naveen (Fig. 21 A – G) .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>India: Maharashtra (Ghosh et al. 2020), new record for Karnataka.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>All records of this species from northern India: Haryana (Mittal 1981; Chandra 1986), Himachal Pradesh (Ghosh et al. 2020) and West Bengal (Barlow 1899; Sabatinelli 1993; Ghosh et al. 2020) are very doubtful and re-examination of voucher specimens is necessary.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FDF2A654134E5F84A306A8FF3FFA5153	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sreedevi, Kolla;Venkateswaran, Shanmugavel;Correya, Judith Corolin;Bezděk, Aleš	Sreedevi, Kolla, Venkateswaran, Shanmugavel, Correya, Judith Corolin, Bezděk, Aleš (2026): A taxonomic review of Apogonia from India with the description of four new species (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Melolonthinae, Diplotaxini). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 73 (2): 453-488, DOI: 10.3897/dez.73.193398
