identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
6D5587D1FF85827BFF61FAA48C94F84C.text	6D5587D1FF85827BFF61FAA48C94F84C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neuroterus paradecrescens Garcia-Martinon & Pujade-Villar 2026	<div><p>Neuroterus paradecrescens García-Martiñón &amp; Pujade-Villar sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 689F2FA0-A772-4E73-854F-B832004C3D07</p><p>(Figs. 1–2)</p><p>Type material. Holotype with the following labels: “ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.96647&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.71086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.96647/lat 19.71086)">El Tunal</a> - <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.96647&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.71086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.96647/lat 19.71086)">El salto</a> (19° 42’ 39.0924’’ N, 99° 57’ 59.31’’ W), Municipio de San Felipe del Progreso, Edo. Méx.” (white label), “ Q. laeta, (8.iii.24) 1–15.iv.24, García-Martiñón leg.: ref. MV-100” (white label), “Holotype Neuroterus paradecrescens García-Martiñón &amp; Pujade-Villar sp. nov., desig. JP-V 2025 ” (red label) . Paratypes: 11 ŏ with the same data as Holotype (7ŏ UB, 4ŏ ColPos); same data holotype (3.iv.24) 9–30.iv.24: 25 ŏ (10 UB, 15 ColPos, ref. MV121) .</p><p>Additional material. 1 ŏ same data as the Holotype; Jardín Botánico de Puebla (Puebla State), Q. liebmannii, (19.i.2024) extr. 13.ii.2024: 1ŏ (Bravo-Cuautle leg.) . Tunal-Salto, San Felipe del Progresso (Mexico State), Q. frutex, (24.i.2025) 20.ii.2025: 6 ŏ (García-Martiñon leg., MV-312).</p><p>Etymology. The prefix «para» means «similar to» due to the similarity of the galls of the new species to the galls of the decrescens variety of Neuroterus saltatorius, a species described by Kinsey from Arizona.</p><p>Diagnosis. According to Kinsey’s descriptions and keys (Kinsey 1923), Neuroterus paradecrescens García-Martiñón &amp; Pujade-Villar sp. nov. belongs to the subgenus Diplobius, known only from the Nearctic region. The new species has a smooth and shining mesoscutum and mesopleura as in the verrucarun, niger and saltatorius complexes. Having F1 similar in length to F2, the new species aligns with the verrucarum -niger complexes. However, these complexes have integral galls (entirely detachable in the new species). The saltatorius complex has detachable galls but adults present F1 2.0x as long as F2 (F1=F 2 in the new species). The only species of the saltatorius group with elongate galls is N. saltatorius var. decrescens, nevertheless, these galls are distinctly pubescent and do not have a tip on their surface (without pubescence with a visible tip in the new species).</p><p>Description. Asexual female.</p><p>(Figs 1–2)</p><p>Body length, 0.6–0.7 mm (mean = 0.64, n=10).</p><p>Colour (Fig. 2b). Body dark brown to black. Mandibles yellowish. Antenna and legs lighter; pedicellum and tarsi yellowish. Tegula light brown. Wing veins light brown.</p><p>Head (Fig. 1a–b, 1e). Around 1.9–2.0x as wide as long from above, around 0.7x as wide as high in front view and slightly narrower than mesosoma. Lower face smooth, with sparse setae, without striae radiating from clypeus. Gena alutaceous-imbricated, not broadened behind eye, around 0.75x as wide as transverse diameter of eye in lateral view; malar space slightly shorter than 0.4x as long as eye height, malar sulcus present. Ocellar area not elevated; POL: OOL: LOL equal 28: 16: 14, lateral ocellus 7. Transfacial distance 1.2x as long as height of eye; diameter of torulus (including rims) slightly longer than distance between toruli (10:7), distance between torulus and inner margin of eye longer than diameter of torulus (14:10); inner margins of eyes parallel. Clypeus trapezoid, alutaceous, ventrally curved, without median incision; anterior tentorial pits present, epistomal sulcus distinct, clypeo-pleurostomal line distinct. Frons smooth and glabrous, vertex and interocellar area alutaceous-imbricated, glabrous. Occiput and postgena alutaceous-imbricated, with sparse setae.</p><p>Antenna (Fig. 1c, 2b–c) longer than head+mesosoma and shorter than body, with 13 antennomeres; pedicel globose, big, 1.5x as long as wide; F1 straight as long as pedicel and as long F2; F3–F9 nearly subequal; F10 slightly shorter; F11 around 1.2x as long as F10; antennal formula (antennomere length ratios): 10: 12: 12: 12: 10: 10: 10: 10: 10: 10: 9: 9: 11; placodeal sensilla inconspicuous, present from F3. F7-F11 slightly wider.</p><p>Mesosoma (Figs 1d–f) around 1.1x as long as high in lateral view, glabrous. Pronotum shiny, smooth, glabrous. Mesoscutum slightly wider than long in dorsal view, hunchback, smooth, almost glabrous. Notaulus, anterior parallel and parapsidal lines absent. Parascutal carina reaching the anterior part of the mesoscutum; transscutal articulation absent, mesoscutum fused with mesoscutellum. Mesoscutellum smooth and almost glabrous, around 0.6x as long as mesoscutum, slightly longer than broad, very slightly overhanging metanotum, rounded posteriorly; mesoscutellar foveae in a form of anterior superficial mesoscutellar depression, shiny and glabrous. Mesopleuron and mesopleural triangle smooth, without setae; axillula smooth, glabrous; subaxillular bar inconspicuous, reduced to a narrow ridge; postalar process absent. Metapleural sulcus reaching mesopleuron at 1/2 of its height, dorsal part of sulcus absent. Metascutellum smooth, subrectangular. Metanotal trough smooth and glabrous; ventral impressed area very short, smooth. Propodeum smooth, glabrous, with a faint sculpture next to nucha; posterolateral process absent; propodeal spiracle big; propodeal carinae absent. Nucha short with some carinae.</p><p>Legs. Tarsal claws almost simple, with a very short tooth associated with a single seta (Fig. 2d).</p><p>Forewing (Fig. 3a) longer than body (1.6:1), transparent, with light brown veins, surface pubescent with cilia on margins, without dark spots; radial cell around 4.5x as long as wide; 2r slightly curved; R1 reaching wing margin; Rs straight, not reaching forewing margin and not projecting parallel to the margin; areolet present but not defined by veins, triangular; Rs + M incomplete, its projection reaching basal vein below half of its height.</p><p>Metasoma (Figs 2b) shiny, shorter than head + mesosoma, slightly higher than long in lateral view, second metasomal tergum smooth, almost glabrous (with very few sparse setae laterally); subsequent terga without setae, smooth and shiny. Prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium short, tapering to apex, around 2.0x as long as wide, almost glabrous.</p><p>Gall (Figs 2e). Unilocular gall, gregarious, located on the underside of the leaves often next to the veins, elongate (slightly shorter than twice the width, 0.8–0.9 mm long and 0.5mm wide), with a darker central dorsal bulge; the surface is coriaceous, glabrous; yellowish to brownish or tinged purplish red; larval chamber central and occupying nearly the whole gall. The exit hole is located on the distal dorsal part of the gall. The galls come off the leaf very easily.</p><p>Host plants. Quercus laeta Liebm., Q. frutex Trel. and Q. liebmannii Oerst. (Subgenus Quercus, Section Quercus, Subsection Leucomexicanae) endemic to Mexico.</p><p>Distribution. Known only from Mexico (Mexico and Puebla States).</p><p>Biology. Only the asexual generation is known. The galls appear in March-April with the emergence of leaves. Adults emerge in April, rarely in early March.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6D5587D1FF85827BFF61FAA48C94F84C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	García-Martiñón, Rosa D.;Bravo-Cuautle, Samay;Pérez-Torres, Betzabeth C.;Aragón-García, Agustín;Equihua-Martínez, Amando;Estrada-Venegas, Edith G.;Cuesta-Porta, Víctor;Melika, George;Romero-Rangel, Silvia;Pujade-Villar, Juli	García-Martiñón, Rosa D., Bravo-Cuautle, Samay, Pérez-Torres, Betzabeth C., Aragón-García, Agustín, Equihua-Martínez, Amando, Estrada-Venegas, Edith G., Cuesta-Porta, Víctor, Melika, George, Romero-Rangel, Silvia, Pujade-Villar, Juli (2026): Neuroterus paradecrescens, a new species of oak gall wasp from Mexico (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Zootaxa 5757 (3): 294-300, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5757.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5757.3.6
