identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
6E4487D0FFF9567AFF74FC3610953819.text	6E4487D0FFF9567AFF74FC3610953819.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stigmatodon vinosus Manhaes, D. R. Couto & Leme 2025	<div><p>Stigmatodon vinosus Manhães, D.R.Couto &amp; Leme, sp. nov. (Figs. 1 to 3)</p><p>Diagnosis:—This new species is morphologically similar to S. magnibracteatus, but can be differentiated by the shorter leaf blades (13.5–18 cm vs. 23–30 cm long), leaf blades green color not at all obscured by the white trichomes (vs. completely obscured by white-cinereous trichomes), floral bracts not secund with the flowers (vs. secund with the flowers), main axis with shorter internodes (5–9 mm vs. 10–15 mm), broadly ovate sepals (vs. elliptic), and stigma long laciniate (vs. obtusely denticulate).</p><p>Type:— BRAZIL. Espírito Santo: Nova Venécia, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-40.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.766666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -40.7/lat -16.766666)">Pedra da Fortaleza</a>, 405 m elevation, 16° 46’ S, 40° 42’ W, 20 September 2024 (flowered in cultivation in February 2025, V.C. Manhães 1493 &amp; D.R. Couto), (holotype MBML!) .</p><p>Description:— Plants hyperepilithic, flowering 47–67 cm tall, shortly caulescent, stem 6–9 cm long, propagating by short basal shoots. Leaves 18–25 in number, rosulate, coriaceous, forming a broadly funnelform rosette; sheath elliptic, 8.5–12.5 × 6.8–9.5 cm, castaneous, densely and minutely pale castaneous lepidote on both sides; blade narrowly triangular, acuminate-caudate, nearly flat toward the apex, subspreading except for the distinctly recurved apex, 13.5– 19 cm long, 4.2–6 cm wide at the base, green, densely white lepidote on both sides, trichomes not at all obscuring the color of the blade, margins distinctly truncate, 0.5–1 mm thick. Peduncle suberect, 28–43 cm long, 0.7–0.9 cm in diameter, green, glabrous, smooth at anthesis, sulcate when dry; peduncle bracts the basal ones subfoliaceous, green, erect at the base with subspreading-recurved blades, the upper ones obovate, apex long caudate, distinctly recurved, 50–61 × 22–30 mm, distinctly exceeding the internode, subcoriaceous, abaxially densely white lepidote, at anthesis greenish to winish except for the dark purple apex, smooth, afterwards castaneous and strongly nerved-sulcate. Inflorescence simple, suberect, ascending toward the apex, narrowly triangular in outline with a distinctly narrower apex at the beginning of anthesis, 13–21 cm long, 11–20 flowered; main axis smooth at anthesis, sulcate when dry, green, glabrous, geniculate, internodes 0.5–0.9 × 0.5–0.8 cm; floral bracts broadly ovate, acuminate-caudate (basal ones) to acute (upper ones), 35–52 × 25–38 mm, distichously arranged and not at all secund with the flowers, at the beginning of the anthesis the basal ones suberect, partially imbricate, the upper ones erect and strongly imbricate, densely white lepidote abaxially, sparsely and inconspicuously white lepidote adaxially, except the margins and apex that are densely white lepidote, ecarinate, subcoriaceous, distinctly corrugate-sulcate, castaneous-vinose except for the pale castaneous central portion, fleshy at the base, becoming stramineous toward the apex at anthesis, turning castaneous at fruiting, distinctly exceeding the sepal length. Flowers ca. 40 mm long (with petals extended), nocturnal, with a garlic odor, distichous, densely arranged, distinctly secund at anthesis; pedicel ca. 5 mm long, ca. 9 mm in diameter at the distal end, stout, green, glabrous; sepals broadly ovate, narrowly rounded to slightly emarginate but appearing acute by the inrolling margins, ca. 23 × 15 mm, green at the basal-central portion, purple-wine toward the margins and apex, sparsely and minutely white lepidote adaxially, glabrous abaxially, smooth except for the corrugate apex, ecarinate to obtusely if at all carinate, thin coriaceous, apical margins membranaceous; petals obovate, apex broadly rounded and emarginate, suberect to subspreading near the apex at anthesis, 36 × 19–21 mm, greenish-white, thicker toward the base, bearing 2 appendages at the base; appendages 8–9 × 3–3.5 mm, spathulate, basally adnate to the petals for ca. 4 mm, apex long lacerate-laciniate; corolla campanulate, 26–30 mm in diameter; stamens three of them more or less arranged facing each lateral side of the corolla at anthesis; filament free, ca. 21 × 1.2–2 mm, white; anther ca. 10 mm long, dorsifixed near the base, base bilobed, apex obtuse; stigma tubo-laciniate type I, campanulate, margins densely long-laciniate, without papillae, ca. 2 mm in diameter, green; ovules distinctly caudate at the distal end. Capsules ellipsoid, 30–35 mm long, 0.9–1.3 cm diameter, apex apiculate, castaneus, seed unknown.</p><p>Phenology:—Flowers in February (in cultivation), collected with fruits in April (in situ).</p><p>Etymology:—The epithet “vinosus ” refers to characteristics and color of its floral bracts and sepals with shades of vinaceous color at anthesis.</p><p>Distribution and habitat:— Stigmatodon vinosus is an hyperepilithic species, living on bare, nearly vertical rock walls of a granitic inselberg known as Pedra da Fortaleza, located in the county of Nova Venécia, Espírito Santo state, southeastern Brazil. At the type locality, the heliophytic specimens form small groups on difficult-to-access cliffs, both at the base and on the vertical slopes near the summit of the inselberg. Individuals are scattered, forming a sparse populations, not densely and continuously arranged on the rock walls, as it is commonly observed in other species of the group, such as S. apparicianus (E. Pereira &amp; Reitz, in Pereira 1974: 441) Leme, G.K. Br. &amp; Barfuss (in Barfuss et al. 2016: 57), S. attenuatoides, S. carioca, S. magnibracteatus, and S. goniorachis (Baker 1887: 303) Leme, G.K. Br. &amp; Barfuss (in Barfuss et al. 2016: 57), among others.</p><p>Preliminary Conservation status:— Stigmatodon vinosus is classified as Critically Endangered [CR: B2ab (i,ii,iii)]. This species is known to date exclusively from its type locality, located at Pedra da Fortaleza, a lowland inselberg in the northwest region of Espírito Santo state, Southeast Brazil. It has an Area of Occupancy (AOO) of 4 km ² and an Undefined Extent of Occurrence (EOO), and we do not know any population growing inside conservation units. Due to its apparent rarity and restricted distribution, with populations located outside conservation units, this species is unprotected and susceptible to the impacts of stochastic events in the near future. Therefore, S. vinosus should remain in the Critically Endangered [CR: B2ab (i,ii,iii)] category. It is important to highlight that the Nova Venécia region is a significant ornamental rock mining hub, with extraction activities close to Pedra da Fortaleza, which raises concerns regarding the conservation of the species. However, the region features extensive inselberg landscapes, and further research in this region may result in a change in the conservation status of S. vinosus .</p><p>Additional specimens examined (paratypes):— BRAZIL. Espírito Santo: Nova Venécia, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-40.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.766666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -40.7/lat -16.766666)">Pedra da Fortaleza, near the base of the inselberg</a>, epilithic on vertical rock wall, 16°46′S, 40°42′W, 380 m elevation, 13 April 2025, (fr.), D.R. Couto 9015 &amp; J.V.A. Lacerda (MBML!, RB!, R!, SAMES!) ; ibidem, on the vertical walls of the summit of the inselberg, 18°45′S, 40°42′W, 950 m elevation, 13 April 2025, (fr.), D.R. Couto 8997 &amp; J.V.A. Lacerda (MBML!) .</p><p>Observations:— Stigmatodon vinosus is morphologically related to S. magnibracteatus, a species endemic to lowland inselbergs in the municipality of Água Doce do Norte, in northwestern Espírito Santo state, approximately 35 km from the type locality of S. vinosus . The new species can be distinguished from S. magnibracteatus by the bracts of the peduncle, with a distinctly recurved (vs. erect) distal part, obovate (vs. ovate-lanceolate), long-caudate apex (vs. acuminate-caudate); a greater number of flowers on the rachis (up to 20 vs. up to 13 flowers); floral bracts subcoriaceous (vs. coriaceous, glossy towards the base, stramineous towards the apex), corrugated-sulcate at anthesis (vs. veined-sulcate at anthesis), brownish-vinous towards the apex at anthesis (vs. stramineous towards the apex at anthesis); pedicel shorter (5 mm vs. 8 mm); sepals with apex narrowly rounded to slightly emarginate (vs. obtuse, rounded, or subacute), wine-purple towards the apex (vs. yellowish-green except for the wine- to burgundy-stained apical margins); petals shorter (36 mm vs. 40 mm), with apex broadly rounded (vs. obtuse); spatulate petal appendages (vs. obovate), long lacerate-licinate apex (vs. caudate irregularly bidentate); in addition to the characters mentioned in the diagnosis.</p><p>Another species that may be related is S. apparicianus, also endemic to the inselbergs of Espírito Santo. However, S. vinosus can be distinguished by the lower bracts of the peduncle that are subfoliaceous (vs. foliaceous), upper ones obovate (vs. ovate), apex long caudate (vs. caudate), distinctly recurved (vs. imbricate) and longer (50 - 61 mm vs. 22 - 30 mm); floral bracts broadly ovate (vs. orbicular to broad-ovate), apex acuminate-caudate to acute (vs. obtuse to acute), longer than sepals (vs. shorter or equaling sepals), subcoriaceous (vs. crass-coriaceous, glossy towards base), corrugate-sulcate (vs. nerved-sulcate), vinous-brown (vs. staminate-brown); sepals broadly ovate (vs. elliptic to ovate), apex narrowly rounded to slightly emarginate (vs. obtuse-rounded), green in basal-central portion, wine-purple towards margins and apex (vs. green, slightly vinous apex); petals obovate (vs. obavate to oblong), apex rounded and emarginate (vs. obtuse-rounded and emarginate), suberect to subspreading near the apex at anthesis (vs. slightly recurved at anthesis), wider (19–21 mm vs. 11–13.9 mm), greenish-white (vs. light green).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6E4487D0FFF9567AFF74FC3610953819	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Manhães, Vitor Da Cunha;Couto, Dayvid R.;Leme, Elton M. C.	Manhães, Vitor Da Cunha, Couto, Dayvid R., Leme, Elton M. C. (2025): A wine-bracteate new species of Stigmatodon (Bromeliaceae, Tillandsioideae) from Espírito Santo state, Brazil. Phytotaxa 725 (1): 109-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.725.1.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.725.1.10
