identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
965CC29D6A415A939B8B9D4DC413344C.text	965CC29D6A415A939B8B9D4DC413344C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Conocybe angulispora T. Bau & H. B. Song 2025	<div><p>Conocybe angulispora T. Bau &amp; H. B. Song sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 2 E – H, 5, 6</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>“ angulispora ” refers to basidiospores that are angular and submitriform or slightly hexagonal in shape.</p><p>Holotypus.</p><p>China, • Jilin Province, Jilin City, Jiaohe City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.03917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.540276" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.03917/lat 43.540276)">Shansongling</a>, 26 August 2023, 43°32'25"N, 127°02'21"E, alt. 550 m, Hong Cheng, C 2382612 (FJAU 65120)  .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Conocybe angulispora basidiospores are lentiform, frontal view slightly hexagonal or submitriform, side view ellipsoid to oblong, ovoid, amygdaliform, basidia are 4 (2) - spored, and pileocystidia are abundant.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidioma mycenoid. Pileus diameter 0.5–2.5 cm, initially paraboloid to obtusely conical, later conical to broadly conical, edge straight, undulate. In early stages, pileus center color ranges from signal brown (RAL 8002) to mahogany brown (RAL 8016), with slightly lighter color at the edges, brown beige (RAL 1011), sandy yellow (RAL 1002) to maize yellow (RAL 1001). When mature, pileus center color changes to reddish-brown (RAL 8012) to mahogany brown (RAL 8016), while the edge remains brown beige (RAL 1011) and ivory (RAL 1014). Pileus hygrophanous, distinctly pubescent, with striations extending to the center. Context thin, ivory (RAL 1014) to light ivory (RAL 1015), no specific odor or taste. Lamellae adnexed to narrowly adnate, ventricose, slightly crowded, unequal in length, sandy yellow (RAL 1002) to ochre brown (RAL 8001), with smooth edges. Stipe length 2.5–5.0 cm, thick 1.0–2.0 mm, cylindrical, light ivory (RAL 1015), sandy yellow (RAL 1002) to signal brown (RAL 8002), surface covered with pubescent, longitudinally fibrous striations, subbulbous base.</p><p>Basidiospores (60 / 3 / 3) 8–10 (– 10.5) × 5.5–6.5 × (4.5 –) 5–6 μm, Q = (1.35 –) 1.39–1.76 (– 1.83), Qm = 1.57 (± 0.11), lentiform, angular and submitriform or slightly hexagonal in frontal view, ellipsoid to oblong, ovoid, or amygdaliform in side view, with partially thick walls and containing oil droplets, germ pore diameter 0.5–2.0 μm, basidiospores in 5 % KOH solution ochre brown (RAL 8001) to copper brown (RAL 8004) in KOH. Basidia 14–24 (– 25) × (8 –) 9–11 (– 12) μm, broadly clavate to clavate, 4 (2) - spored, sterigmata 2–6 μm long, basidia with vacuolar contents. Cheilocystidia 13–22 × 6–10 (– 11) μm, lecythiform, with capitula 3–6 μm wide. Caulocystidia ellipsoid to oblong, lageniform, long-necked lageniform, nettle hair-shaped, narrowly conical, fusiform, cylindrical, clavate, narrowly utriform to utriform, (10 –) 11–42 (– 45) × (4 –) 5–9 μm, capilliform cystidia can exceed 100 μm, among which rare lecythiform cystidia are mixed at the apex. Pileipellis hymeniform, composed of (25 –) 28–62 (– 66) × 15–34 (– 36) μm broadly clavate, spheropedunculate, and obpyriform elements, with yellow pigment at the base. Pileocystidia abundant, (22 –) 23–58 (– 60) × 5–18 (– 19) μm, lageniform to long-necked lageniform, lecythiform, tibiiform, and nettle hair-shaped, capilliform cystidia can exceed 100 μm. Clamp connections are rare in all tissues. Shows negative reaction with ammonia solution.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>In summer, they grow scattered or in groups in the humus layer of mixed forests.</p><p>Known distribution.</p><p>Jilin Province, China.</p><p>Additional specimens measured.</p><p>China, • Jilin Province, Jilin City, Jiaohe City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.19945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.682503" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.19945/lat 43.682503)">Laoyeling</a>, 28 July 2023, 43°40'57"N, 127°11'58"E, alt. 430 m, Xia Wang, W 23072815 (FJAU 65121) ; •   Jilin City, Jiaohe City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.03972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.53583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.03972/lat 43.53583)">Shansongling</a>, 26 August 2023, 43°32'09"N, 127°02'23"E, alt. 530 m, Hong Cheng, C 2382621 (FJAU 65122)  .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>In some species of section  Pilosellae, the frontal view of basidiospores appears slightly hexagonal, which can be easily confused with  C. angulispora . The difference between  C. angulispora and  C. hexagonospora is that  C. hexagonospora lacks distinct pubescence on the pileus and has rare pileocystidia, making it easy to differentiate (Hausknecht 1993). Additionally, the ITS sequence similarity between  C. angulispora and  C. hexagonospora is 91.2 %.  Conocybe angulispora can be distinguished from  C. brunneidisca by the larger length of basidiospores in  C. brunneidisca, which can reach 9.9–12.1 μm, and it is found in fertile grasslands or dung (Hausknecht and Contu 2007).  Conocybe angulispora can be differentiated from  C. pulchra (Clem.) Hauskn., Krisai &amp; Voglmayr by the length of basidiospores, which measures 11.5–15 μm in  C. pulchra, and  C. pulchra lacks pileocystidia (Hausknecht et al. 2004). The difference between  C. angulispora and  C. lentispora Singer is that the basidiospores of  C. lentispora are shorter than 7 μm and broadly ellipsoid in shape (Hausknecht 2005).  Conocybe angulispora can be differentiated from  C. brunneoaurantiaca K. A. Thomas, Hauskn. &amp; Manim. such that  C. brunneoaurantiaca lacks pubescence on the pileus and pileocystidia (Hausknecht 2009; Thomas et al. 2001).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/965CC29D6A415A939B8B9D4DC413344C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Song, Han-bing;Bau, Tolgor	Song, Han-bing, Bau, Tolgor (2025): Three new species and a new record of Conocybe section Pilosellae (Bolbitiaceae, Agaricales) from Jilin Province, China. MycoKeys 114: 67-94, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.114.140056
AC2756D991EB59BA9E90B08E274BE41D.text	AC2756D991EB59BA9E90B08E274BE41D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Conocybe hexagonospora Hauskn. & Enderle	<div><p>Conocybe hexagonospora Métrod ex Hauskn. &amp; Enderle</p><p>Figs 2 N – P, 9, 10</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidioma mycenoid. Pileus diameter 1.0– 1.5 cm, obtusely conical, edge straight, undulate, center signal brown (RAL 8002) to deer brown (RAL 8007), fading towards the edge, brown beige (RAL 1011) to ivory (RAL 1014), pileus hygrophanous, smooth, striate towards the center. Context thin, ivory (RAL 1014) to light ivory (RAL 1015), no specific odor or taste. Lamellae adnexed to narrowly adnate, ventricose, slightly loosely, unequal in length, beige (RAL 1001) to sandy yellow (RAL 1002), with smooth margins. Stipe length 3.5–4.0 cm, width 0.5–1.5 mm, cylindrical, brown beige (RAL 1011) to sandy yellow (RAL 1002), surface pubescent, longitudinally fibrous striate, subbulbous at the base.</p><p>Basidiospores (40 / 1 / 1) 7.5–9.5 (– 10) × 5.5–6.5 × 5–6 μm, Q = (1.32 –) 1.34–1.78 (– 1.80), Qm = 1.49 (± 0.11), lentiform, frontal view nearly hexagonal or submitriform, side view ellipsoid to oblong, thick-walled, containing oil droplets, germ pore diameter 0.5–1.5 μm. Basidiospores in 5 % KOH solution ochre brown (RAL 8001) to copper brown (RAL 8004). Basidia (14 –) 15–21 (– 22) × 8–10 μm, broadly clavate to clavate, 4 - spored, with sterigmata length 3–6 μm, basidia contain vacuolar contents. Cheilocystidia (13 –) 15–21 × 7–10 (– 11) μm, lecythiform, with capitula 3–6 μm wide. Caulocystidia are ellipsoid to oblong, lageniform, long-necked lageniform, nettle hair-shaped, narrowly conical, fusiform, cylindrical, clavate, narrowly utriform to utriform, measuring (20 –) 22–55 (– 57) × (5 –) 6–16 μm, capilliform cystidia can reach a length of 100 μm, with rare lecythiform cystidia mixed in. Pileipellis hymeniform, consists of spheropedunculate and obpyriform cells, 29–48 (– 50) × (18 –) 19–27 (– 30) μm, with yellow pigment at the base. Pileocystidia are rare and lageniform in shape. All tissues exhibit clamp connections. It shows a negative reaction to ammonia solution.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Solitary in mixed forests during autumn.</p><p>Known distribution.</p><p>Asia: China, Russia; Europe: Sweden, Finland, Latvia, Hungary, Germany, Austria (Holotype), Belgium, United Kingdom, France, Italy (Hausknecht 2009).</p><p>Additional specimens measured.</p><p>China, • Jilin Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.20333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.59944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.20333/lat 43.59944)">Siping City</a>, Yitong Manchu Autonomous County, 7 September 2023, 43°35'58"N, 125°12'12"E, alt. 290 m, Han-Bing Song, S 23090710 (FJAU 71661)  .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Although this species does not have gene sequences in the NCBI database, its macroscopic and microscopic structures are consistent with those of  C. hexagonospora, leading to its identification as  C. hexagonospora . There are also some species in sect.  Pilosellae with basidiospores’ shapes similar to  C. hexagonospora, but they are distinct species, differentiated as follows: The difference between  C. hexagonospora and  C. brunneidisca is that the latter has longer basidiospores, reaching a length of 9.9–12.1 μm, and the pileus color and habitat are also different (Hausknecht and Contu 2007). The difference between  C. hexagonospora and  C. pulchra is that the latter has basidiospores measuring 11.5–15 μm in length and lacks pileocystidia (Hausknecht et al. 2004). The difference between  C. hexagonospora and  C. lentispora is that the latter has basidiospores with a length smaller than 7 μm and are broadly ellipsoid (Hausknecht 2005). Meanwhile, the difference between  C. hexagonospora and  C. brunneoaurantiaca is that  C. brunneoaurantiaca has cheilocystidia reaching up to 30 μm and lacks pileocystidia (Thomas et al. 2001). In the phylogenetic tree,  C. hexagonospora and  C. angulispora are sister taxa to each other, but their ITS sequence similarity is only 91 %.  Conocybe angulispora has distinct pubescence on its pileus, allowing for differentiation from  C. hexagonospora . Of these similar species, the following are sequenced and clearly separate in the phylogeny:  C. hexagonospora,  C. brunneidisca,  C. angulispora .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AC2756D991EB59BA9E90B08E274BE41D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Song, Han-bing;Bau, Tolgor	Song, Han-bing, Bau, Tolgor (2025): Three new species and a new record of Conocybe section Pilosellae (Bolbitiaceae, Agaricales) from Jilin Province, China. MycoKeys 114: 67-94, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.114.140056
964E758128005DF38B8E6CF219508F58.text	964E758128005DF38B8E6CF219508F58.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Conocybe rubrocyanea T. Bau & H. B. Song 2025	<div><p>Conocybe rubrocyanea T. Bau &amp; H. B. Song sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 2 I – M, 7, 8</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>“ rubrocyanea “ refers to basidiomata that have a reddish hue when fresh and a bluish hue when dry.</p><p>Holotypus.</p><p>China, • Jilin Province, Jilin City, Jiaohe City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.02583&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.53722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.02583/lat 43.53722)">Shansongling</a>, 30 July 2023, 43°32'14"N, 127°01'33"E, alt. 610 m, Shi-En Wang, E 2307268 (FJAU 65123)  .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Conocybe rubrocyanea, when fresh, displays a mainly red color on the pileus, transitioning to blue upon drying. Basidiospores are lentiform, ellipsoid to oblong, frontal view near hexagonal, side view phaseoliform, cheilocystidia clavate, utriform, ellipsoid, or fusiform on one side near the edge of the pileus, and lecythiform on the side near the stipe, and some pileipellis cells contain blue lilac pigment.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidioma mycenoid. Pileus diameter 0.5–2.0 cm, initially hemispherical, conical, later obtusely conical, with straight, undulate margin. When fresh, pileus salmon orange (RAL 2012), antique pink (RAL 3014) to rose (RAL 3017), tomato red (RAL 3013) to pearl ruby red (RAL 3032), and when dry, it becomes slate gray (RAL 7015), brown gray (RAL 7013) to cobalt blue (RAL 5013). Pileus hygrophanous, covered in distinct pubescence and striations that extend up to one-third towards the center. Context thin, salmon orange (RAL 2012) to light ivory (RAL 1015), no specific odor or taste. Lamellae ventricose, adnexed to narrowly adnate, moderately crowded, unequally long, initially light ivory (RAL 1015) to ivory (RAL 1014), later pastel yellow (RAL 1034) to ochre-brown (RAL 8001), with inconspicuous, slightly eroded edges. Stipe 2.0–8.0 cm long, 1.0–4.0 mm thick, cylindrical, clay brown (RAL 8003), rose (RAL 3017), antique pink (RAL 3014) to pearl ruby red (RAL 3032), surface pruinose and pubescent, longitudinally striate, base bulbous.</p><p>Basidiospores (60 / 3 / 3) 8–11.5 (– 12.5) × 5–7.5 × 5–6 (– 6.5) μm, Q = (1.33 –) 1.42–2.08 (– 2.14), Qm = 1.76 (± 0.17), lentiform, ellipsoid to oblong, frontal view near hexagonal, side view phaseoliform, slight constriction at center, with thick walls, containing oil droplets, germ pore diameter 0.5–2.0 μm, basidiospores in KOH solution ochre brown (RAL 8001) to copper brown (RAL 8004). Basidia (13 –) 15–26 (– 27) × 8–11 (– 12) μm, broadly clavate to clavate, 4 (2) - spored, with sterigmata measuring 2–6 μm in length, basidia contain vacuolar contents. Cheilocystidia (14 –) 15–27 (– 28) × (6 –) 7–14 (– 15) μm, clavate, utriform, ellipsoid, or fusiform on one side near the edge of the pileus, and lecythiform on the side near the stipe, with capitula 3–6 μm wide. Caulocystidia elliptical to oblong, lageniform, long-necked lageniform, nettle hair-shaped, conical, fusiform, cylindrical, clavate, narrowly utriform to utriform, (10 –) 12–82 (– 85) × (5 –) 6–16 μm, capilliform cystidia may exceed 100 μm, with rare occurrences of lecythiform and sub-lecythiform cystidia at the apex. Pileipellis hymeniform, composed of spheropedunculate and fusiform cells (25 –) 27–53 (– 54) × (14 –) 15–28 (– 29) μm, some containing blue lilac (RAL 4005) pigment, with yellow pigment at the base. Pileocystidia (21 –) 23–55 (– 60) × 4–23 μm, with long-necked lageniform, lecythiform, cylindrical, and nettle hair-shaped forms, and capilliform cystidia can exceed 100 μm. Clamp connections are rare in all tissues. It shows a positive reaction with ammonia, forming diamond-shaped crystals.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Scattered or grouped in mixed forests during the summer season, on cow dung.</p><p>Known distribution.</p><p>Jilin Province, China.</p><p>Additional specimens measured.</p><p>China, • Jilin Province, Jilin City, Jiaohe City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.043335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.53389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.043335/lat 43.53389)">Shansongling</a>, 26 July 2022, 43°32'02"N, 127°02'36"E, alt. 580 m, Han-Bing Song, S 22072618 (HMJAU 64964) ; •   Jilin City, Jiaohe City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.052505&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.538887" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.052505/lat 43.538887)">Shansongling</a>, 29 July 2023, 43°32'20"N, 127°03'09"E, alt. 530 m, Shi-En Wang, E 2307247 (FJAU 71648) ; •   Jilin City, Jiaohe City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.030556&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.538887" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.030556/lat 43.538887)">Shansongling</a>, 30 July 2023, 43°32'20"N, 127°01'50"E, alt. 550 m, Shi-En Wang, Xia Wang, Si-Ying Li, W 23073002 (FJAU 71649), W 23073003 (FJAU 71650), W 23073004 (FJAU 71651), E 2307277 (FJAU 71652), L 23073033 (FJAU 71653) ; •   Jilin City, Jiaohe City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.03972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.540554" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.03972/lat 43.540554)">Shansongling</a>, 26 August 2023, 43°32'26"N, 127°02'23"E, alt. 550 m, Zheng-Qing Chen, Mu Liu, Hong Cheng, Q 2382626 (FJAU 71654), LM 230864 (FJAU 71655), C 2382603 (FJAU 71656), C 2382605 (FJAU 71657), C 2382611 (FJAU 71658), C 2382615 (FJAU 71659) ; •   Jilin City, Huadian City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.060005&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.96889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.060005/lat 42.96889)">Redstone National Forest Park</a>, 28 August 2023, 42°58'08"N, 127°03'36"E, alt. 430 m, Xian-Yan Zhou, Y 2382804 (FJAU 71660)  .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Conocybe rubrocyanea can be differentiated from species with near hexagonal basidiospores in sect.  Pilosellae, such as  C. hexagonospora,  C. brunneidisca,  C. lentispora,  C. brunneoaurantiaca,  C. pulchra and  C. angulispora, by presence of red color tone on the pileus (Hausknecht 2009).  Conocybe rubrocyanea is closely related to  C. incarnata (Jul. Schäff.) Hauskn. &amp; Arnolds and  C. muscicola, and they are easily confused in macroscopic morphology. However,  C. incarnata and  C. muscicola basidiospores are not lentiform or hexagonal, and pileipellis cells lack blue lilac pigment (Arnolds and Hausknecht 2003).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/964E758128005DF38B8E6CF219508F58	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Song, Han-bing;Bau, Tolgor	Song, Han-bing, Bau, Tolgor (2025): Three new species and a new record of Conocybe section Pilosellae (Bolbitiaceae, Agaricales) from Jilin Province, China. MycoKeys 114: 67-94, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.114.140056
F693FEB48EDE5A6BA93FB715E8F0C57D.text	F693FEB48EDE5A6BA93FB715E8F0C57D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Conocybe verna T. Bau & H. B. Song 2025	<div><p>Conocybe verna T. Bau &amp; H. B. Song sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 2 A – D, 3, 4</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>“ verna ” refers to spring-born.</p><p>Holotypus.</p><p>China, • Jilin Province, Tonghua City, Ji’an City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=126.17916&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.133614" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 126.17916/lat 41.133614)">Yushan Park</a>, 8 May 2023, 41°08'01"N, 126°10'45"E, alt. 280 m, Zheng-Qing Chen, CZQ 23050801 (FJAU 65117)  .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The main characteristic of  Conocybe verna includes a straight to reflexed edge of the pileus after maturity, with no surface pubescence. The basidiospores exhibit a suprahilar depression and have an oblong, subcylindrical shape with a slightly thin wall. The basidia are 2 - spored.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidioma mycenoid. Pileus diameter 0.5–2.5 cm, initially paraboloid, nearly hemispherical, margin deflexed, matured obtusely conical, campanulate, margin straight to reflexed. Pileus initially beige (RAL 1001) to ivory (RAL 1014), matured light ivory (RAL 1015), powdery yellow (RAL 1034) to ochre brown (RAL 8001), surface hygrophanous, pubescence absent, when moist, it exhibits striae, which disappear upon slight drying, margin undulate. Context thin, ivory (RAL 1014) to beige (RAL 1001), no specific odor or taste. Lamellae adnexed to narrowly adnate, ventricose, crowded, unequal in length, ivory (RAL 1014), powdery yellow (RAL 1034) to ochre brown (RAL 8001), smooth margin. Stipe 2.0–8.0 cm long, 1.0–3.0 mm thick, cylindrical, slightly thicker downward, ivory (RAL 1014) to ochre brown (RAL 8001), deer brown (RAL 8007), surface pruinose and short pubescent, longitudinally fibrous striate, subbulbous at the base.</p><p>Basidiospores (60 / 3 / 3) (10 –) 11–15.5 (– 16) × (5.5 –) 6–8.5 (– 9) μm, Q = (1.65 –) 1.71–2.07 (– 2.21), Qm = 1.86 (± 0.10), with a suprahilar depression, oblong, subcylindrical, wall slightly thin, containing oil droplets, germ pore diameter 0.5–2.0 μm. Basidiospores in 5 % KOH solution appear ochre brown (RAL 8001) to copper brown (RAL 8004). Basidia (20 –) 21–33 (– 35) × (7 –) 8–11 μm, clavate, 2 - spored, sterigmata 3–7 μm long, basidia with vacuolar contents. Cheilocystidia (16 –) 17–25 (– 26) × (6 –) 7–11 (– 13) μm, lecythiform, with capitula 3–6 μm wide. Caulocystidia ellipsoid to oblong, lageniform, long-necked lageniform, subcylindrical, clavate, narrowly utriform to utriform, fusiform, conical, nettle hair-shaped, (9 –) 10–50 (– 53) × 5–12 μm, with capilliform elements reaching up to 80 μm, among which rare lecythiform cystidia are mixed. Pileipellis hymeniform, composed of (23 –) 31–63 (– 65) × (14 –) 15–22 (– 23) μm sphaeropedunculate elements, with yellow pigments at the base. Pileocystidia absent. All structures have clamp connections. Weakly positive reaction with ammonia forming rhomboid crystals.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Found singly or scattered in broad-leaved forests during spring.</p><p>Known distribution.</p><p>Jilin Province, China.</p><p>Additional specimens measured.</p><p>China, • Jilin Province, Tonghua City, Ji’an City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=126.17916&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.133614" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 126.17916/lat 41.133614)">Yushan Park</a>, 8 May 2023, 41°08'01"N, 126°10'45"E, alt. 280 m, Qian-Ru Liu, LQR 23050801 (FJAU 65118) ; •   Tonghua City, Ji’an City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=126.05056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.99361" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 126.05056/lat 40.99361)">Jiangkou Village</a>, 9 May 2023, 40°59'37"N, 126°03'02"E, alt. 260 m, Mu Liu, LM 230509 (FJAU 65119)  .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Conocybe verna is classified in sect.  Pilosellae primarily due to the presence of non-lecythiform caulocystidia. The distinguishing characteristics of  C. verna from other 2 - spored species in sect.  Pilosellae are as follows:  C. verna differs from  C. bisporigera (Hausknecht &amp; Krisai) Arnolds in that the latter has a chocolate brown pileus and lentiform basidiospores (Arnolds 2003). The distinction between  C. verna and  C. caespitosa (Murrill) Watling is that the latter has basidiospores with a suprahilar plage and basidia measuring 19–24 μm in length, which is shorter than the basidia of  C. verna (Hausknecht 2009). In contrast to  C. bispora (Singer) Hauskn.,  C. verna has a pileus without distinct striations, while the basidiospores of  C. bispora are on average 2 μm shorter (Hausknecht 1998). The distinction between  C. verna and  C. umbellula var. lednicensis lies in the latter having a striate pileus, and basidia measuring less than 20 μm in length (Hausknecht 2009). Furthermore,  C. verna is differentiated from  C. leporina (Velen.) Singer and  C. microrrhiza Hauskn. by the presence of a pseudorhiza in the latter two, as well as their smaller basidiospores (Singer 1989; Hausknecht 1999).  Conocybe verna differs from  C. inocybeoides Watling in that the latter has a pileus with radiating striations and possesses pileocystidia (Watling 1980). Additionally,  C. verna is distinguished from  C. velutinomarginata Hauskn. &amp; Zugna and  C. rickenii (Jul. Schäff.) Kühner by the presence of capilliform pileocystidia in the latter two;  C. velutinomarginata has a nearly spherical pileus, while  C. rickenii has a grayish-brown pileus (Kühner 1935; Hausknecht 2009).  Conocybe verna can be differentiated from  C. siliginea (Fr.) Kühner by the latter’s lime-colored pileus and lecythiform pileocystidia (Kühner 1935). Finally, the distinction between  C. verna and  C. gigasperma Enderle &amp; Hauskn. lies in the latter’s basidiospores measuring 18.3–20.1 μm in length, which are larger than those of  C. verna, and the presence of pileocystidia (Hausknecht and Enderle 1992).  Conocybe verna is also distinguished from  C. sinobispora T. Bau &amp; H. B. Song, as the latter has a striate pileus and cylindrical to lageniform pileocystidia (Song and Bau 2023).</p><p>In terms of phylogeny,  C. verna is closely related to  C. ingridiae and  C. ochrostriata var. favrei . However,  C. ingridiae has a pileus with distinct striations and basidiospores measuring 9.6–10.5 μm in length, while  C. ochrostriata var. favrei also has a striate pileus and possesses 4 - spored basidia, making them easily distinguishable (Hausknecht 2009). Among these similar species, the following have been sequenced and are clearly separated in the phylogeny:  C. bisporigena,  C. bispora,  C. ingridiae,  C. microrrhiza,  C. velutinomarginata,  C. rickenii,  C. siliginea, and  C. sinobispora .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F693FEB48EDE5A6BA93FB715E8F0C57D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Song, Han-bing;Bau, Tolgor	Song, Han-bing, Bau, Tolgor (2025): Three new species and a new record of Conocybe section Pilosellae (Bolbitiaceae, Agaricales) from Jilin Province, China. MycoKeys 114: 67-94, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.114.140056
