identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
6F2D87C2180BD6492B58C8D96503FD07.text	6F2D87C2180BD6492B58C8D96503FD07.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Curcuma achrae Saensouk & Boonma 2022	<div><p>Curcuma achrae Saensouk &amp; Boonma, sp. nov. Figs. 1–5</p><p>Similar to Curcuma xanthella Škornik. but differs. C. achrae having pubescent petioles (vs. glabrous), green with a reddish tinge (vs. green); adaxially sparsely hairy leaves with fine hairs along the midrib (vs. glabrous on both surfaces); fertile bracts connate in the lower 1/7 (vs. connate in the lower 1/4), apex mucronate (vs. narrowly acute); base of labellum white, middle and apical part golden yellow, with embossed two golden yellow median band running along the midrib from tip to base and divided into two Y-shaped patches at base (vs. base of labellum white to light yellow, middle and apical part warm yellow, with two yellow-orange swollen bars running across the center); staminodes irregularly ovate, apex acute, golden yellow gradually fades to pale yellow at base, with reddish V-shaped or triangle patch at base of staminodes (vs. staminodes irregularly oblong, apex obtuse, bright warm yellow without red patch); anther appear almost straight (vs. anther appear as L-shaped), spurs c. 3 mm long (vs. spurs c. 6 mm long), crest 3–4 mm long with apex acute to rounded or slightly truncate (vs. crest not obvious).</p><p>Type: THAILAND, Nakhon Nayok province, Mueang Nakhon Nayok district, 60–152 m, 05.04.2021, T. Boonma 24 (holo KKU!; iso QBG!, BKF!, BK!) .</p><p>Perennial herbs, up to 45 cm tall. Rhizome ovoid, 3.2–3.8 × 1–1.4 cm, brown externally, two layers of pale yellow internally, fragrant; root tubers ellipsoid, 2.5–3 × 1.2–1.4 cm, brown externally, white internally, fragrant, developing some distance from the rhizome. Leafy shoot with 6–8 leaves spread out in a circle parallel to the ground almost the same plane, developing after flowering; pseudostem 18–24 cm long, green with reddish brown tinge, composed of sheathing bracts and leaf sheaths; sheathing bracts 2–3, apex slightly mucronate, reddish when young with green tip and drying out and decaying while growing; leaf sheaths distichous, green with reddish brown tinge, pubescent; ligules up to 6 mm long, bilobed, hyaline, green with a reddish tinge, sparsely hairy; petioles up to 25 cm long (petiole of innermost leaves longest, outermost leaf shortest), canaliculate, green with a reddish brown tinge, pubescent; lamina narrowly ovate to narrowly elliptic, 26–45 × 10–13 cm, base cordate, margins slightly undulate, apex caudate, adaxially green, sparsely hairy, abaxially lighter green, puberulous, midrib green or brownish green, with fine hairs along the midrib, spread out into a circle shape, almost in the same plane parallel to the ground. Inflorescence lateral, peduncle and base of the spike often subterranean; peduncles 3–5 cm long, with up to 6 mm diam., white, pubescent, with up to 6 sheathing bracts (sheathing bracts red or reddish tinge with white at base, apex mucronate, pubescent); spike 4–6.5 cm long, 2–3 cm diam. in the middle, wider apically, coma absent; fertile bracts 10–18, narrowly ovate to lanceolate, smaller and narrowly ovate at the apex, 2.5–5.8 × 1–2.5 cm (larger at the base of the inflorescence), apex mucronate, both sides pubescent, pale green with various degrees of reddish tinge, connate in the lower 1/7; cincinni with 3–4 flowers at the base of the inflorescence, 1–2 flowers at the top; bracteoles one per flower, narrowly triangular, 7–12 × 1–2.7 mm (outer ones larger, inner ones are gradually smaller), pubescent, translucent white. Flowers 5.8–6.4 cm long; calyx tubular, 18–20 mm long, 3-toothed, with unilateral incision up to 8 mm long, pubescent, translucent white; floral tube 30–32 mm long, externally yellowish white with pale pink tinge, pubescent, white internally, with white hairy at throat; dorsal corolla lobe narrowly triangular ovate, 21–26 × 9– 11 mm, concave, sparsely hairy, apex mucronate, 3.3–4.8 mm long, sparsely hairy, pale yellowish white at base, yellowish with pale pink tinge towards the apex; lateral corolla lobes narrowly triangular-ovate; 18–24 × 7–9 mm, concave, apex slightly mucronate, sparsely hairy, pale yellowish white at base, yellowish with pale pink tinge towards the apex; labellum obovate, 27–29 × 18– 20 mm, apex emarginate, incision to 7 mm, base of labellum white, middle and apical part golden yellow, with embossed two golden yellow swollen bars running along the midrib from tip to base and divided into two patches at base like a Y-shape (forming a median band), fine and short hairy along both sides of median band; lateral staminodes irregularly ovate, 24–26 × 14–17 mm, apex acute, with short fine hairy on the adaxial side, golden yellow gradually fades to pale yellow at base, with reddish V-shaped or forming of triangle patch at base of staminodes. Stamen 12–14 mm long; filament 4–5 mm long, pale yellowish-white, c. 5 mm broad at the base, c. 3 mm broad at the apex (the point of attachment to the connective), covered with short fine hairs; anther 12.5–14 mm long (measured in side-view including spurs and crest), yellowish, spurred, pubescent; connective yellowish-white, covered with short fine hairs; anther spurs c. 3 mm long, conical, pale yellow, covered with transparent jelly on both spurs, pointing outwards; anther crest 3–4 mm long, 2.7– 3 mm wide, golden yellow, apex acute to rounded or slightly truncate, rarely retuse, covered with short fine hairs; anther thecae 6.5–7 mm long. Epigynous glands two, 5–7 mm long, 0.7–0.8 mm across, pale yellow, apex acute. Style thin, white, glabrous, placed in the groove in the dorsal side of floral tube; stigma c. 1.7 × 1.8 mm, pale yellow; ostiole ciliate. Ovary c. 3.8 × 3 mm, trilocular, puberulent. Fruits and seeds not seen.</p><p>Vernacular name: Khamin Thong.</p><p>Flowering &amp; fruiting: Flowering from late March to early May; flowers open in the morning and last a single day. Leafy shoot emerging in late May and dormancy begins in November. Fruiting was not observed.</p><p>Habitat: Occurring at elevations of 60–152 m, growing in sandy loam soil at the boundary, close to the watercourse, in semi-open area in a deciduous forest.</p><p>Distribution: Curcuma achrae is known from the southwestern part of the Sankamphaeng mountain range in Mueang Nakhon Nayok district, Nakhon Nayok province, Central Thailand (Fig. 4).</p><p>Etymology: The specific epithet “ achrae ” is chosen to honour Assistant Professor Dr. Achra Thammathaworn (botanist of Khonkaen University), who is a specialist in botany and teacher of many Thai botanists.</p><p>Specimens examined: Curcuma xanthella Škornièk.: VIETNAM, Bình Thu-n province, Hàm Thu-n Nam district, Tà Kóu Nature Reserve, 145 m, 11.06.2009, LÝ 348 (holo SING; iso E, VNM); Tà Kóu mountain, 30.05.2009, Nguy n Thi n T ch (under Tr n collection number), Tr n 158 (E, SING, incl. spirit). Lâm ÐÓng province, Bào Lôc pass, 22.06.2008, Tr n et al. s.n. (collected from cultivation, 06.05.2013), GRC-147 (SING, incl. spirit) .</p><p>Curcuma flaviflora S.Q.Tong: CHINA, Yunnan australis, Menhai Xian, 1400 m, S.Q.Tong &amp; A.M. Li 32855 (holo YNTBI). THAILAND, Chiang Mai province, Doi Angkang, Fang, 12.06.1999, Srisanga 721 (QBG). Ibid., 21.07.2003, Maknoi 356 (AAU, PSU, QBG). Ibid., 15.05.2004, Maknoi 535 (AAU, PSU, QBG). Chiang Dao, Norsaengsri 1476 (QBG). Doi Pui, Huai Hi, Mueang, 25.07.2003, Maknoi 382 (AAU, PSU, QBG). Khun Huai Mae Kok, 05.06.2001, Wongprasert 015-05 (BKF). Mae Hong Son province, 15 km N.W. of Mae Hong Son, 18.06.1973, Geesink, Panichapol &amp; Santisuk 5960 (C, E).</p><p>Conservation status: This new species is hitherto known from the type locality in Nakhon Nayok province, Central Thailand (the Southwest part of the Sankamphaeng mountain range). Available information about this species is insufficient for a proper assessment of its conservation status. Thus according to IUCN criteria (IUCN, 2022) it should be listed as Data Deficient (DD). However, we expect this plant to be found distributed elsewhere in the Sankamphaeng mountain range and nearby in the Khao Yai National Park where suitable habitats still seems to exist. Further fieldwork and observations are needed to assess changes in population, distribution, and abundance of this taxon in the future.</p><p>Notes: Curcuma achrae belongs to subgen. Ecomata (Záveská et al., 2012) because of the absence of a coma bract, open-form flower, presence of epigynous glands, and conical anther spur. This species has varied size and colour of bracts but produces almost the same size of flowers (Fig. 2d).</p><p>Curcuma achrae is similar to C. flaviflora S.Q.Tong, C. aruna Maknoi &amp; Saensouk, and C. xanthella Škornièk. in having yellow flowers, an inflorescence produced directly from the rhizome before the new leaves, lacking coma bracts, open flowers, and presence of epigynous glands. Curcuma flaviflora is a high-elevation species known to occur in pine forests in the mountains of northern Thailand and southern China. Curcuma aruna occurs in scrub forests at foothills of limestone mountains and is currently only found in Sukhothai province in northern Thailand, while C. xanthella is so far recorded from two places in southern Vietnam and differs from C. achrae by many characteristics e.g., shape and surfaces of leaves, and different shapes, colors, sizes, and proportions of various flower parts, especially in having an Lshaped anther whereas in C. achrae it is almost straight. The morphological comparison of C. achrae with its allied species C. xanthella and C. flaviflora is provided in table 1. A comparison of anthers in front and side view, and flowers of the newly described species and its similar species are additionally provided in figure 5. A key to the species of Curcuma distributed in Thailand and a revised key to species of Curcuma subgen. Ecomata are provided for facilitating their identification in the field.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6F2D87C2180BD6492B58C8D96503FD07	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	S., Saensouk;T., Boonma;Saensouk, P.	S., Saensouk, T., Boonma, Saensouk, P. (2022): Curcuma achrae (Zingiberaceae), a new species from Central Thailand. Rheedea 32 (1): 30-45, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2022.32.01.03
6F2D87C2180DD64229C8CC9B6360FD4D.text	6F2D87C2180DD64229C8CC9B6360FD4D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Curcuma	<div><p>Key to the species of Curcuma in Thailand</p><p>1. Epigynous glands absent (subgen. Hitcheniopsis) .................................................. 2</p><p>1. Epigynous glands present .......................... 24</p><p>2. Bracts not laterally connate, campanulate involucre with two slits ................................ 3</p><p>2. Bracts laterally connate to each other for about half of their length and forming basal pouches ........................................................................ 6</p><p>3. Bracts purplish-brown .......... C. macrochlamys</p><p>3. Bracts green or red ........................................ 4</p><p>4. Leaves glabrous adaxially, pubescent abaxially; bracts green with dense stripes from the base to apex or red.............................. C. pedicellata</p><p>4. Leaves glabrous on both surfaces; bracts green ........................................................................ 5</p><p>5. Leaves 2–3, lanceolate; flowers 15–20 ........... .................................................. C. campanulata</p><p>5. Leaves 4–5, oblanceolate-oblong; flowers 6–8 .................................................... C. involucrata</p><p>6. Inflorescence without coma ......................... 7</p><p>6. Inflorescence with well-developed coma .. 15</p><p>7. Bracts pink with green or purple at the tip, or reddish-brown with green margin................8</p><p>7. Bracts pale green to dark green .................. 10</p><p>8. Labellum light purple to purple, basally with two bright to dark red thick bands (one on each side), distally pale to bright purple, median band only slightly darker than remainder of labellum ........................................ C. lithophila</p><p>8. Labellum not purple as above ....................... 9</p><p>9. Bracts pink with green or purple at tip, apex acute; labellum pale to dark red with bright yellow patches on the bright red swollen band at the base half of the labellum, yellow towards the apex .................................. C. sparganiifolia</p><p>9. Bracts reddish-brown with green margin, apex rounded; labellum white with pink apex and yellowish band in centre ..................... C. bella</p><p>10. Bracts puberulent on both sides ..................... .................................................. C. papilionacea</p><p>10. Bracts glabrous on both sides ..................... 11</p><p>11. Labellum with prominently fimbriate margins, fimbriae c. 1.5 mm long, curly .... C. fimbriata</p><p>11. Labellum not fimbriate at margins ............. 12</p><p>12. Bracts lanceolate, with upper half, suddenly narrowed to acute apex............... C. harmandii</p><p>12. Bracts almost orbicular or broadly ovate or broadly obovate ........................................... 13</p><p>13. Flowers slightly exserted from bracts; bracts almost orbicular ............................... C. prasina</p><p>13. Flowers exserted from bracts; bracts broadly ovate or broadly obovate ............................ 14</p><p>14. Labellum with two dark yellow spots at base and a small pale-yellow line at mid lobe from sinus almost to base; bracts broadly ovate; staminodes pale pinkish purple to pale purple with white at base ......................... C. charanii</p><p>14. Labellum without two dark yellow spots at base, with short yellow dashes along each side of incision margin about half-length; bracts broadly obovate; staminodes white............... .................................................. C. puangpeniae</p><p>15. Labellum red................................................ 16</p><p>15. Labellum not red ......................................... 20</p><p>16. Staminodes pale purple or violet ................ 17</p><p>16. Staminodes yellow or white ....................... 18</p><p>17. Anther spurred, L-shaped, connective white to cream, sometimes very pale purple dorsally, covered with short glandular hairs ................. ..................................................... C. rufostriata</p><p>17. Anther not spurred ........................ C. rhabdota</p><p>18. Labellum yellow with red lines; staminodes pale yellow to yellow with red tinge ............. ...................................................... C. gracillima</p><p>18. Labellum white with red; staminodes white with red........................................................ 19</p><p>19. Fertile bracts light green with two white circle patches and light pale green or white longitudinal line; coma bracts outer light green with green longitudinal line alternating with light green or white lines, inner white with green edges .............................. C. saraburiensis</p><p>19. Fertile bracts pale green to cream without white circle patches and without longitudinal line; coma bracts white .............. C. spathulata</p><p>20. Coma bract pink ..................... C. alismatifolia</p><p>20. Coma bract green or white ........................ 21</p><p>21. Fertile bracts green with rich reddish-brown tinge ............................................. C. micrantha</p><p>21. Fertile bracts green without reddish-brown tinge ............................................................. 22</p><p>22. Corolla tube longer than bract, flower distinctly protruding from the inflorescence; staminodes white; coma bracts green on both surfaces ........................................ C. purpurata</p><p>22. Corolla tube shorter than bract; staminodes purple or violet; coma bracts white or with green ............................................................ 23</p><p>23. Labellum deeply bilobed; coma bracts pure white ................................................ C. thorelii</p><p>23. Labellum with fringed edge; coma bracts white with green at apex ....................... C. parviflora</p><p>24. Inflorescences lacking a conspicuous coma of sterile bracts, fertile bracts connate only at the base, open flower form; anther spurs filamentous or conical, forward-pointed (subgen. Ecomata) ....................................... 25</p><p>24. Inflorescences usually with a coma bract, closed flower form‚ bullet-type; anther spurs, flat, acute, downward-pointed or absent (subgen. Curcuma) ...................................................... 46</p><p>25. Corolla tube longer than bracts, narrow; petioles very distinct from leaf blade.............. ................................................... C. supraneeana</p><p>25. Corolla tube shorter than bracts, broad; leaf-blade tapering into petioles ....................... 26</p><p>26. Anther spurs filamentous, 0.5–1.5 mm long. ...................................................................... 27</p><p>26. Anther spurs conical or cylindrical,&gt; 2 mm long .............................................................. 31</p><p>27. Staminodes white with dark purple tips ........ ....................................................... C. pierreana</p><p>27. Staminodes white or white with yellowish patch in centre and apex ............................. 28</p><p>28. Leaves puberulous on both surfaces ............... .............................................. C. chantaranothaii</p><p>28. Leaves adaxially glabrous ............................ 29</p><p>29. Rhizomes creeping; leaf base attenuate .......... .............................................. C. cochinchinensis</p><p>29. Rhizomes ovoid; leaf base cuneate to rounded, or sub-cordate ............................................. 30</p><p>30. Calyx white, glabrous; filament 2 mm long; anther 8–9 mm long ....................... C. eburnea</p><p>30. Calyx pale purple, puberulent; filament 5–8 mm long; anther 2.5–4 mm long .... C. pitukii</p><p>31. Inflorescence terminal ................................. 32</p><p>31. Inflorescence lateral ..................................... 40</p><p>32. Leaves adaxially glabrous. ........................... 33</p><p>32. Leaves adaxially hairy along the veins or pubescent ..................................................... 37</p><p>33. Staminodes without red spots at the base ... 34</p><p>33. Staminodes with dark red or dark purple spots at the base .................................................... 35</p><p>34. Midrib adaxially green ................ C. rangsimae</p><p>34. Midrib adaxially red ..................... C. siamensis</p><p>35. Leaves abaxially glabrous; labellum yellow with inside half orange ............................ C. rhomba</p><p>35. Leaves abaxially pubescent; labellum not as above ............................................................ 36</p><p>36. Labellum sub-orbicular, white with an orange median band and deep purple lines at the base; staminodes white with orange tip .... C. woodii</p><p>36. Labellum diamond-shaped, white with a yellow median band and red spots at the base; staminodes white without orange tip ............ ..................................................... C. peramoena</p><p>37. Corolla lobes whitish-green to pale green; leaf base cuneate to attenuate .................... C. putii</p><p>37. Corolla lobes pink, red or purple; leaf base oblique, rounded or cordate ....................... 38</p><p>38. Staminodes dark red in the lower half, upper half orange-yellow ........................... C. bicolor</p><p>38. Staminodes pale yellow to yellow .............. 39</p><p>39. Thyrse &lt;10 cm long; flowers open form; corolla lobes red .......................... C. stenochila</p><p>39. Thyrse&gt; 10 cm long; flowers closed form; corolla lobes white to yellow.... C. cinnabarina</p><p>40. Staminodes purple .......................... C. ecomata</p><p>40. Staminodes white or yellow ....................... 41</p><p>41. Labellum yellow .......................................... 42</p><p>41. Labellum white with yellow median band .... ...................................................................... 44</p><p>42. Anther almost straight in sideview; staminodes with reddish V-shaped or triangular patch at the base .............................................. C. achrae</p><p>42. Anther L-shaped in sideview; staminodes without red patch as above ......................... 43</p><p>43. Staminodes ovate to elliptic; leaf base cuneate ....................................................... C. flaviflora</p><p>43. Staminodes obovate; leaf base rounded ......... ............................................................ C. aruna</p><p>44. Leaves adaxially with red patch along the midrib .............................................. C. candida</p><p>44. Leaves adaxially with green midrib ........... 45</p><p>45. Staminodes white ......................... C. singularis</p><p>45. Staminodes lower half white, upper half yellow, central with purple patch ..... C. glans</p><p>46. Rhizome not branched ............................... 47</p><p>46. Rhizome branched ..................................... 49</p><p>47. Inflorescence lateral and terminal .................. ................................................... C. angustifolia</p><p>47. Inflorescence terminal ................................ 48</p><p>48. Sheaths glabrous; leaf abaxially glabrous ....... ........................................................... C. plicata</p><p>48. Sheaths pubescent; leaf abaxially hairy or glabrescent at least at the apex .... C. attenuata</p><p>49. Inflorescence terminal ................................ 50</p><p>49. Inflorescence usually lateral ........................ 60</p><p>50. Rhizome creeping ................. C. rubrobracteata</p><p>50. Rhizome with branches non-creeping ...... 51</p><p>51. Anther ecalcarate ......................................... 52</p><p>51. Anther calcarate........................................... 53</p><p>52. Flowers yellow or orange-yellow .................. ..................................................... C. aurantiaca</p><p>52. Flowers cream-white with yellow median band .............................................. C. roscoeana</p><p>53. Bracts glabrous. ........................................... 54</p><p>53. Bracts pubescent .......................................... 55</p><p>54. Ovary glabrous ............................... C. antinaia</p><p>54. Ovary pubescent ................. C. sattayasaiorum</p><p>55. Coma bracts greenish-white ...... C. viridiflora</p><p>55. Coma bracts pink or white with pink at tip .. ...................................................................... 56</p><p>56. Peduncle red .............................. C. phrayawan</p><p>56. Peduncle green ............................................ 57</p><p>57. Ovary glabrous .............................. C. petiolata</p><p>57. Ovary pubescent ......................................... 58</p><p>58. Leaves reddish-purple along the midrib adaxially ................................. C. wanenlueanga</p><p>58. Leaves green along the midrib adaxially ... 59</p><p>59. Rhizome pale yellow with the smell of green mango ............................................... C. amada</p><p>59. Rhizome deep orange-yellow without the smell of green mango ........................ C. longa</p><p>60. Leaves abaxially pubescent ......................... 61</p><p>60. Leaves abaxially glabrous ............................ 65</p><p>61. Leaves adaxially green with green midrib .. 62</p><p>61. Leaves adaxially green with red or reddish-purple patch along the midrib .................... 63</p><p>62. Rhizome yellow; lamina broadly lanceolate .. ...................................................... C. aromatica</p><p>62. Rhizome pale yellow; lamina oblong .......... .............................................................. C. elata</p><p>63. Bracts glabrous ......................... C. zedoaroides</p><p>63. Bracts pubescent .......................................... 64</p><p>64. Inflorescence cylindrical,&gt; 10 cm long; bracts green, short hairy on both surfaces ................ ......................................................... C. latifolia</p><p>64. Inflorescence almost globular, &lt;10 cm long; bracts bright green to brownish green with pale green venation, adaxially puberulent, abaxially glabrous ....................... C. globulifera</p><p>65. Petioles and leaf-sheaths reddish brown ........ ....................................................... C. rubescens</p><p>65. Petioles and leaf-sheaths green ................... 66</p><p>66. Leaves adaxially green with red or reddish-purple patch along the midrib ................... 67</p><p>66. Leaves adaxially green with green midrib .. 69</p><p>67. Rhizome aeruginous green........ C. aeruginosa</p><p>67. Rhizome yellow or orange ......................... 68</p><p>68. Corolla lobes whitish or with very slight pinkish shade; rhizome pale straw coloured to yellowish white ................................... C. picta</p><p>68. Corolla lobes conspicuously pink to reddish; rhizome deep bright orange to yellow-orange .................................................. C. zanthorhiza</p><p>69. Fertile bracts pale pink; rhizome pale ochraceous ....................................... C. comosa</p><p>69. Fertile bracts green; rhizome white to pale yellow............................................................70</p><p>70. Bracts glabrous .......................... C. leucorrhiza</p><p>70. Bracts minutely puberulous on both sides ...... ......................................................... C. mangga</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6F2D87C2180DD64229C8CC9B6360FD4D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	S., Saensouk;T., Boonma;Saensouk, P.	S., Saensouk, T., Boonma, Saensouk, P. (2022): Curcuma achrae (Zingiberaceae), a new species from Central Thailand. Rheedea 32 (1): 30-45, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2022.32.01.03
6F2D87C21806D64029C8CC5C64F0F99F.text	6F2D87C21806D64029C8CC5C64F0F99F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Curcuma Skorniek. & Sida	<div><p>Key to all species of Curcuma subgenus Ecomata</p><p>1. Corolla tube longer than bracts; petiole very distinct from leaf blade............. C. supraneeana</p><p>1. Corolla tube shorter than bracts; leaf-blade tapering into the petiole ............................... 2</p><p>2. Anther spurs filamentous or &lt;2 mm long .... 3</p><p>2. Anther spurs conical or cylindrical or&gt; 2 mm long .............................................................. 10</p><p>3. Staminodes with purple colour .................... 4</p><p>3. Staminodes without purple colour ............... 5</p><p>4. Inflorescence terminal; staminodes white with dark purple at apex ....................... C. pierreana</p><p>4. Inflorescence lateral; staminodes light yellow to white with a dark purple patch at base ...... ................................................... C. pambrosima</p><p>5. Leaves puberulous on both surfaces ............... .............................................. C. chantaranothaii</p><p>5. Leaves adaxially glabrous or glabrous on both surfaces .......................................................... 6</p><p>6. Staminodes yellow-orange with light yellow at base .............................................. C. vitellina</p><p>6. Staminodes white, or with yellow in the centre or at the apex ................................................ 7</p><p>7. Rhizome crawling; leaf base attenuate ........... .............................................. C. cochinchinensis</p><p>7. Rhizome ovoid; leaf base oblique, rounded to sub-cordate .................................................... 8</p><p>8. Calyx pale purple, puberulent; filament&gt; 5 mm long ................................................... C. pitukii</p><p>8. Calyx white, glabrous; filament &lt;5 mm long ........................................................................ 9</p><p>9. Anther crest pure white, apex rounded, 1.5–2 mm long .......................................... C. eburnea</p><p>9. Anther crest yellow, apex obtuse, 1.0– 1.5 mm long ..................................................... C. arida</p><p>10. Inflorescence terminal ................................. 11</p><p>10. Inflorescence lateral..................................... 22</p><p>11. Leaves adaxially glabrous ............................ 12</p><p>11. Leaves adaxially with hairy along the veins or pubescent ..................................................... 17</p><p>12. Staminodes yellow or light orange; leaves abaxially glabrous ........................................ 13</p><p>12. Staminodes white; leaves abaxially pubescent ...................................................................... 16</p><p>13. Leaf adaxially usually green with red patch along the midrib .......................................... 14</p><p>13. Leaf adaxially green without red patch along the midrib .................................................... 15</p><p>14. Flowers opened-form; peduncle &lt;10 cm long ....................................................... C. siamensis</p><p>14. Flowers closed-form; peduncle&gt; 10 cm long ..................................................... C. stolonifera</p><p>15. Staminodes rhomboid, with dark red dot at the base ................................................... C. rhomba</p><p>15. Staminodes asymmetrical trullate to ovate, without red dot at the base ......... C. rangsimae</p><p>16. Labellum diamond-shaped, white with a yellow patch in centre and red spots at the base, white with dark purple spots at base .............. ..................................................... C. peramoena</p><p>16. Labellum suborbicular, white with two deep orange bands at the centre with deep purple lines at the base ................................. C. woodii</p><p>17. Corolla lobes whitish-green to pale green; leaf base cuneate to attenuate .................... C. putii</p><p>17. Corolla lobes pink, red or purple; leaf base oblique, rounded or cordate ....................... 18</p><p>18. Staminodes lower half red to dark red, upper half orange-yellow ...................................... 19</p><p>18. Staminodes pale yellow to yellow .............. 20</p><p>19. Inflorescence almost sessile with peduncles c. 1.5 cm long; bracts light green with more or less reddish tinge and prominent veins; Labellum yellowish orange with reddish to purple margins ................................. C. bicolor</p><p>19. Inflorescence with longer peduncles to 13 cm long; bracts white, pink to dark red; labellum bright orange with various degrees of red ornamentation ............................... C. flammea</p><p>20. Spike&gt; 8 cm long; staminodes pale yellow; corolla lobes white to pale yellow .................. .................................................... C. cinnabarina</p><p>20. Spike &lt;8 cm long; staminodes yellow; corolla lobes red ....................................................... 21</p><p>21. Anther spurs c. 2 mm long; bracts pubescent on both surfaces........................... C. stenochila</p><p>21. Anther spurs c. 5 mm long; bracts glabrous on both surfaces ............................... C. kayahensis</p><p>22. Staminodes purple or with purple at base .. 23</p><p>22. Staminodes white or yellow or orange ...... 25</p><p>23. Leaf base cuneate; labellum pale pink to dark purple with yellow median band .. C. ecomata</p><p>23. Leaf base cordate or rounded; labellum white with yellow or light orange........................ 24</p><p>24. Labellum apex strongly recurved with hornlike lobes, light orange with the deep orange line up; staminodes bright orange with dark purple tinge at base .................... C. corniculata</p><p>24. Labellum apex curved inward, white with yellow margins, and golden yellow line up; staminodes lower half white, upper half golden yellow, and a purple patch at base..... C. glans</p><p>25. Labellum yellow or orange ........................ 26</p><p>25. Labellum white or cream white with a yellow median band ................................................ 30</p><p>26. Anther almost straight in the side view; staminodes golden yellow, gradually fades to pale yellow at base, with reddish V-shaped or triangular patch at base ..................... C. achrae</p><p>26. Anther L-shape; staminodes without reddish patch at base as above.................................. 27</p><p>27. Leaves base cuneate; sheath and petiole pubescent ...................................... C. flaviflora</p><p>27. Leaves base obtuse or rounded to cordate; sheath and petiole glabrous......................... 28</p><p>28. Epigynous glands c. 15 mm long; anther thecae 3–4 mm long ................................ C. xanthella</p><p>28. Epigynous glands 4–6 mm long; anther thecae 6–7 mm long ............................................... 29</p><p>29. Anther crest apex emarginate; long peduncle; bract with various degree of red tinge ........... ..................................................... C. sahuynhensis</p><p>29. Anther crest apex obtuse to rounded; short peduncle; bract green ........................ C. aruna</p><p>30. Leaves adaxially green with red patch along the midrib .................................................... 31</p><p>30. Leaves adaxially green without red patch along the midrib .................................................... 32</p><p>31. Anther almost straight in side view ............... .......................................................... C. candida</p><p>31. Anther L-shaped (obtuse angle) in side view ...................................................... C. newmanii</p><p>32. Bract green; labellum white, with yellow median band ................................. C. singularis</p><p>32. Bracts cream white at the base with increasing red tinge towards apex and margins; labellum cream white, sometimes pale pinkish basally, with deep purple-red or dark red bands placed next to the yellow median band ....... C. tongii</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6F2D87C21806D64029C8CC5C64F0F99F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	S., Saensouk;T., Boonma;Saensouk, P.	S., Saensouk, T., Boonma, Saensouk, P. (2022): Curcuma achrae (Zingiberaceae), a new species from Central Thailand. Rheedea 32 (1): 30-45, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2022.32.01.03
