taxonID	type	description	language	source
6F74CE2F0E4B1A7DFD0D3818FC721EA9.taxon	description	In Africa, Angola is one of the countries with the largest number of Dipterocarpaceae species, in particular Monotes. The available data for the country record two species of Marquesia and 19 species of Monotes, from which 10 are considered endemics for the country (Bancroft 1937, Figueiredo & Smith 2008). Angola seems to be a centre of endemism of this genus, bearing more than half of the African species described. In the last decades the botanical study of the Angolan flora has been hindered due to political instability. Nevertheless, since the publication of the last studies on the Angolan Dipterocarpaceae (Bancroft 1937, Exell & Mendonça 1951), a large amount of specimens has been collected throughout the country, in particular during the decades of 1950 – 1970. The taxonomy of the Angolan Monotes is not yet well established. According to Verdcourt (1989), it needs a reassessment and the number of species presently accepted might be reduced. In this work we present a revision of the Angolan Dipterocarpaceae based on the specimens housed at COI, LISC and LISU herbaria, and on the type specimen images available at JSTOR Plant Science.	en	Catarino, L., Martins, E. S., Abreu, J. A., Figueira, R. (2013): Revision of the family Dipterocarpaceae in Angola. Blumea 57 (3): 263-274, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X664892, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x664892
6F74CE2F0E491A7FFFC73A4EFD42182E.taxon	description	Tree 15 – 20 m tall, with buttresses at the base of the trunk. Leaves 5 – 10 by 2.5 – 4.5 cm, lanceolate; rounded to slightly cordate and asymmetrical at the base, acuminate at the apex; lower surface glabrous except for some dispersed hairs on the midrib and lateral nerves; upper surface glabrous, often with two glands at the base, 8 – 10 pairs of lateral nerves; petiole 7 – 9 mm long. Inflorescences large terminal panicles, many-flowered. Fruits ovoid-conical, 6 – 8 mm diam; wings narrowly oblanceolate c. 20 by 5 mm. Ecology — Disperse in Brachystegia or mixed woodlands. Distribution — MA: Nolde 717 (LISC). – MO: Gossweiler 12503 (LISC). – UI: Raimundo, Matos & Figueira 478 (LISC). Also in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zambia.	en	Catarino, L., Martins, E. S., Abreu, J. A., Figueira, R. (2013): Revision of the family Dipterocarpaceae in Angola. Blumea 57 (3): 263-274, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X664892, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x664892
6F74CE2F0E491A7FFFC738E4FF0A1C18.taxon	description	Tree up to 30 m tall, buttressed at the base. Leaves 6 – 12 by 2.5 – 3.5 cm, narrowly lanceolate; acuminate at the apex, round- ed to slightly cordate at the base upper surface glabrous, with a single gland at the base; lower surface of leaf blade of adult leaves with a short and dense indumentum, 10 – 14 pairs of lateral nerves; petiole 1.4 – 1.6 cm long. Inflorescences axillary, panicles, with small whitish flowers. Fruits ovoid-conical, 4 – 6 mm diam; wings narrowly elliptic c. 15 by 4 mm. Ecology — Common and often dominant in woodlands in Kalahari sands; altitude 800 – 1200 m. Distribution — BE: Raimundo, Matos & Figueira 1314 (LISC). – BI: Monteiro & Murta 1519, 1553, 1753, 1874, 1879, 2042 (LISC); Santos 1723 (LISC). – LS: Carrisso & Mendonça 283 (COI); Gossweiler 11534, 11567, 11792 (LISC); Machado ANG. VII. 54 ­ 197 (LISC); Sanjinje ANG. VII. 54 ­ 211 (LISC). – MA: Barbosa, Moreno & Sousa 11911 (LISC); Marques 172 (COI); Menezes 2629 (LISC). – MO: Almeida 554 ­ Fl. (LISC); Araújo 110 (LISC); Gossweiler 12258, 13087 (LISC); Teixeira & Pedro 7601 (LISC). – UI: Raimundo, Matos & Maia 847 (LISC). Also in Zimbabwe, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Tanzania. Vernacular names — muvuca (Monteiro & Murta 1874), unjica (Monteiro & Murta 2042), mundoca (Menezes 2629), mizica, mujica (Almeida 554 ­ Fl.) Monotes A. DC.	en	Catarino, L., Martins, E. S., Abreu, J. A., Figueira, R. (2013): Revision of the family Dipterocarpaceae in Angola. Blumea 57 (3): 263-274, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X664892, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x664892
6F74CE2F0E491A7FFFC73CE1FCA819CE.taxon	description	Monotes adenophyllus subsp. delevoyi (De Wild.) P. A. Duvign. (1959) 101. — Type: Delevoy 524 (holo BR, seen in JSTOR), Democratic Republic of the Congo, Masolwa, 17 Dec. 1921. Monotes delevoyi De Wild. (1927) 171. — Type as above. Shrub or small tree up to 8 m tall. Leaves 7 – 16 by 5 – 13 cm, broadly ovate to suborbicular, rounded to slightly emarginate at the apex, truncate to cordate at the base; upper surface finely reticulate, with straight hairs more abundant on the midrib and lateral nerves; lower surface with simple and penicillate hairs on the nerves and veins, areoles glabrous; midrib, lateral nerves and veins impressed in the upper surface prominent on the lower surface, lateral nerves in 10 – 13 pairs; petiole 10 – 20 mm long. Inflorescences axillary 2 – 5 cm long. Flowers with sepals 2.5 – 3.5 mm long, petals 8 – 9 mm long, both tomentose, anthers with a long triangular or oblong appendage at the apex. Fruits 1.2 – 1.4 cm diam, globose, mucronate at the apex; wings lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, 2.5 – 4 by 1.5 – 2.5 cm. Ecology — In Brachystegia woodlands and shrublands. Distribution — HI: Correia 3389 (LISC); Santos 778 (LISC); Torre 8819 (LISC). – NA: Teixeira & Andrade 4487 (LISC). Also in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Katanga) and in Zambia. Vernacular name — munthêancába (Teixeira & Andrade 4487).	en	Catarino, L., Martins, E. S., Abreu, J. A., Figueira, R. (2013): Revision of the family Dipterocarpaceae in Angola. Blumea 57 (3): 263-274, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X664892, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x664892
6F74CE2F0E491A7FFD0D3984FAA81D10.taxon	description	Monotes homblei De Wild. (1915) 55. — Monotes magnificus var. homblei (De Wild.) P. A. Duvign. (1949) 55. — Monotes adenophyllus subsp. homblei (De Wild.) P. A. Duvign. (1959) 102. — Syntypes: Homblé 1177 (BR, seen in JSTOR), 1249 (BR, seen in JSTOR; K), Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kapiri Valley, Feb. 1913. Small tree up to 8 m tall. Leaves 6 – 11 by 4 – 9 cm, broadly elliptic-oblong to orbicular, truncate to emarginate at the apex, cordate to truncate at the base; upper surface brownish in the dried specimens, finely reticulate, with the midrib, lateral nerves and veins depressed; with long, simple hairs more frequent on the nerves and veins; lower surface discolorous, greyish or whitish, with short penicillate hairs on the midrib and lateral nerves mixed with long curled hairs on the nerves and veins; interreticular areoles covered with stellate hairs; yellow to amber-coloured glands on the lower surface; lateral nerves in 10 – 12 pairs; petiole 10 – 20 mm long. Inflorescences axillary, 1 – 3 cm long, shortly pedunculate. Flowers with sepals 2.5 – 3.5 mm long, petals 8 – 9 mm long, both tomentose; anthers with a long triangular or oblong appendage at the apex. Fruits subglobose 1 – 1.4 cm diam, mucronate at the apex; wings narrowly elliptic to narrowly oblong, 4 – 5 by 1.2 – 1.8 cm. Ecology — In woodland and subxerophytic forest; altitude c. 1200 m. Distribution — BE: Gossweiler 2934 b (COI). – LS: Exell & Mendonça 1399, 1400, 1401 (COI, LISC). – MA: Santos 1369 (LISC). – MO: Machado ANG. I. 55 ­ 230, ANG. I. 55 ­ 241 (LISC); Monteiro, Santos & Murta 518, 522 (LISC). Also in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Katanga) and in Zambia.	en	Catarino, L., Martins, E. S., Abreu, J. A., Figueira, R. (2013): Revision of the family Dipterocarpaceae in Angola. Blumea 57 (3): 263-274, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X664892, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x664892
6F74CE2F0E491A78FD0D3DE7FF4118AF.taxon	description	Monotes africanus A. DC. (1868) 624. — Vatica africana (A. DC.) Welw. (1869) 15. — Type: Welwitsch 1035 (holo LISU; iso P, PRE), Angola, Huila, Lopolo, 1860. Shrub or small tree up to 10 m tall. Leaves 4 – 10 by 2 – 5.5 cm, elliptic to oblong or obovate, obtuse to emarginate at the apex, rounded to slightly cordate at the base; upper surface finely reticulate, glabrous except on the midrib and lateral nerves of young leaves; lower surface with the interreticular areoles glabrous and the midrib, lateral nerves and veins with curled hairs, more abundant in the young leaves and becoming glabrescent in the mature ones, 8 – 13 pairs of lateral nerves, petiole 8 – 18 mm. Inflorescences axillary, few-flowered, 1.5 – 3 cm long. Flowers with sepals 2 – 3 mm long, petals 8 – 10 mm long, both tomentose; anthers with a large triangular or emarginate appendage at the apex. Fruits subglobose, 0.8 – 1.2 cm diam, rounded to conical at the apex, sericeous; wings elliptic to narrowly obovate, 2 – 3.5 by 0.8 – 1.6 cm. Ecology — Common in Brachystegia woodland on sandy soils; also in valley bottoms and river margins; altitude 350 – 1800 m. Distribution — BI: Baum 652 (COI); Gossweiler 3997 (LISC). – CC: Almeida 424 ­ Fl (LISC); Dechamps, Murta & Silva 1340 (LISC); Mendes 2319, 2408, 2474, 2601, 2945, 2953 (LISC); Santos 2056, 2514 (LISC); Teixeira 4 (COI, LISC). – CU: Menezes, Barroso & Sousa 4544 (LISC). – HA: Barbosa & Correia 8890 (LISC); Exell & Mendonça 1848 (COI, LISC); Silva 3318 (LISC); Santos 1324 (LISC). – HI: Antunes vel Dekindt 633 (LISC); Barbosa 9709 (LISC); Gossweiler 13211 (LISC); Mendes 801, 1915 (LISC); Menezes 1267, 1595, 1834, 3224 (LISC); Santos 592 (LISU); Teixeira 1828 (LISC); Welwitsch 1035 (LISU). – LS: Exell & Mendonça 1191, 1405 (COI, LISC). Also in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania and Zambia. Vernacular names — omufui (Antunes vel Dekindt 633), mufui (Menezes 1595), mussénêne (ganguela, Teixeira 4). Note — The amount of indumentum in the lower surface of leaves is quite variable in this species; in most specimens observed the veins and nerves are covered with abundant curled hairs, although some specimen have sparse hairs and a few ones are almost glabrous in both surfaces. This seems to be related to the maturity state of leaves or to local environmental conditions.	en	Catarino, L., Martins, E. S., Abreu, J. A., Figueira, R. (2013): Revision of the family Dipterocarpaceae in Angola. Blumea 57 (3): 263-274, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X664892, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x664892
6F74CE2F0E4E1A78FFC73F78FC1B1AEA.taxon	description	Monotes angolensis De Wild. (1927) 168. — Syntypes: Delevoy 502 (BR, seen in JSTOR), Democratic Republic of the Congo, 12 Dec. 1921; Delevoy 523 (BR, seen in JSTOR), Democratic Republic of the Congo, 21 Dec. 1921; Gossweiler 2893 (BM, BR, COI, K, LISC), Angola, Huila, Ganguelas, Feb. 1907; 2910 (BM, BR, COI, K, LISC) Angola, Huila, Dongo, Forte Maria Pia, 8 Feb. 1907. Monotes oblongifolius Hutch. (1931) 248. — Type: Hutchinson & Gillet 3765 (holo K, seen in JSTOR), Zambia, Kaloswe, 16 July 1930. Small tree up to 12 m tall, or shrub. Leaves 5 – 8 (– 10) by 2 – 4 (– 5) cm, elliptic to obovate, discolor, obtuse, rounded, or slightly emarginate at the apex, rounded to cordate at the base; upper surface brown-coloured, smooth, with short penicillate hairs, more abundant on the midrib and lateral nerves; lower surface yellowish to brownish, tomentose, with straight and stellate hairs on the nerves, and dense minute hairs covering the interreticular areoles, lateral nerves in 11 – 18 pairs, not reaching the margin; petiole 1.1 – 2.2 cm long, canaliculate. Inflorescences axillary, few-flowered, up to 2.5 cm long. Flowers with sepals c. 2 – 3 mm long, petals 5 – 6 long, both tomentellous; anthers with a triangular appendage at the apex. Fruits subglobose, 1 – 1.2 cm diam; wings lanceolate, 2.5 – 5 by 0.6 – 1.2 cm. Ecology — In Brachystegia woodlands and savanna woodlands; altitude 1500 – 1800 m. Distribution — BE: Carrisso & Sousa 89 (LISC). – BI: Dechamps, Murta & Silva 1383 (LISC); Gossweiler 2893, 2910 (COI, LISC), 3945, 3945 b (LISC). – CC: Mendes 2649 (LISC). – CU: Silva 3052 (LISC). – HA: Dechamps, Murta & Silva 1014, 1056 (LISC); Gossweiler 9663 (COI); Silva 2003 (LISC), 3673 (COI); Teixeira & Sousa 6444 (LISC). – HI: Mendonça 4605 B (LISC); Santos 775 (LISC); Torre 8542 (LISC); Welwitsch 1077 (LISU). – MA: Dechamps, Murta & Silva 1420 (LISC). – MO: Barbosa 11068 (LISC). Also in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zambia. Vernacular name — osuim-da-anhara (Teixeira & Sousa 6444). Note — The dimensions of leaf blades and petioles of some of the specimens identified as M. angolensis (e. g. Dechamps, Murta & Silva 1014, 1383) fall outside the ranges referred to by De Wildeman in the protologue of this species. Nevertheless, those specimens match the remaining characteristics of the species and it is known that juvenile plants can have leaves larger than mature ones. In addition, both Bancroft (1937) for Angola, and Duvigneau (1961) for the Flora Zambesiaca area, referred to larger leaf dimensions for this species than those cited in the protologue.	en	Catarino, L., Martins, E. S., Abreu, J. A., Figueira, R. (2013): Revision of the family Dipterocarpaceae in Angola. Blumea 57 (3): 263-274, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X664892, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x664892
6F74CE2F0E4E1A78FD0D3AA0FA861E92.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology — In subxerophilous forest; altitude up to 1300 m. Distribution — BE: Dechamps, Murta & Silva 1069 (LISC). – BI: Cardoso s. n. (LISC); Dechamps, Murta & Silva 1389 (LISC); Monteiro & Murta 1846 (LISC). – CN: Teixeira et al. 12102 (LISC). – CS: Exell & Mendonça 3077 (COI); Raimundo, Matos & Figueira 681 A (LISC); Santos 1309, 1313 (LISC). – HA: Dechamps, Murta & Silva 1069 (LISC); Gossweiler 9965 (COI, LISC); Henriques 890 (LISC, LISU); Silva 3442 (LISC). – MA: Exell & Mendonça 109 (LISC); Gouveia 1476 (LISC); Santos 1369 (LISC). Also in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zambia. Note — Duvigneaud (1949) distinguishes variety dawei (H. H. Bancr.) H. H. Bancr. and the form cordatus (Hutch.) P. A. Duvign., but these taxa were not accepted widely and we see no necessity to distinguish subspecific taxa in this species.	en	Catarino, L., Martins, E. S., Abreu, J. A., Figueira, R. (2013): Revision of the family Dipterocarpaceae in Angola. Blumea 57 (3): 263-274, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X664892, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x664892
6F74CE2F0E4E1A79FD0D3D7BFF7E1A22.taxon	description	Monotes carrissoanus H. H. Bancr. (1939 b) 110. — Type: Exell & Mendonça 1788 (holo BM, seen in JSTOR; iso COI), Angola, Moxico, between Caxi- poque and Munhango, 7 May 1937. Tree 10 – 15 m tall. Leaves 6 – 9 by 3 – 5 cm, elliptic, rounded to obtuse at the apex, rounded to acute at the base, often mucronate; upper surface with simple and glandular hairs, more abundant in the midrib and lateral nerves; lower surface covered with a short indumentum of curled hairs, covering but not masking the reticulation, with 10 – 13 pairs of lateral nerves; petioles 2 – 3 cm long, canaliculate. Flowers not seen. Fruits subglobose 0.8 – 1 cm diam; wings 2.5 – 3.5 by 0.5 – 1 cm, narrowly lanceolate. Ecology — In dry forest; altitude 1200 – 1500 m. Distribution — Endemic to the north-east of Angola. – MO: Exell & Mendonça 1788 (COI); Gossweiler 11311 (BM, COI). Conservation status — The species is known only from two collections made during the same expedition and no other collections events are known for that locality. It should be considered as Data Deficient with insufficient information (DD 3). Note — This is a poorly known species, from which only the specimens cited in the protologue are known. However, these specimens are in a good condition and no further material was observed that matched the species description and the type material.	en	Catarino, L., Martins, E. S., Abreu, J. A., Figueira, R. (2013): Revision of the family Dipterocarpaceae in Angola. Blumea 57 (3): 263-274, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X664892, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x664892
6F74CE2F0E4F1A79FFC73AEBFE051D6D.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology — Very common on Kalahari sands, at the edges of forests and in xerophilous scrub; altitude 1200 – 1300 m in Angola. Distribution — BE: Carrisso & Sousa 90 (LISC); Gossweiler 12376 (LISC). – BI: Barbosa 12123 (LISC); Barbosa & Moreno 12367 (LISC); Exell & Mendonça 1760 (LISC); Gossweiler 2976, 3172 (LISC), 3856 (COI); Monteiro & Murta 1538 (COI, LISC); Santos 1708 (COI, LISC). – CC: Dechamps, Murta & Silva 1358 (LISC); Mendes 3099 (LISC); Santos 2084, 2307, 2317 (LISC). – HA: Andrada 54 (LISC, LISU); Dechamps, Murta & Silva 1015 (LISC); Gossweiler 12371 (LISC); Henriques 1370 (LISC, LISU). – HI: Menezes 1836 (LISC). Also in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zambia. Vernacular name — tchipalameia (Monteiro & Murta 1538). Note — This species has similarities with M. mutetetwa in the shape of leaf blade and indumentum of leaves, but the leaves of M. dasyanthus are in general smaller. Another distinction is its area of occurrence. Monotes dasyanthus occurs in central and southern Angola, Zambia and Western Katanga, whereas M. mutetetwa occurs in the north of Angola and the south-east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.	en	Catarino, L., Martins, E. S., Abreu, J. A., Figueira, R. (2013): Revision of the family Dipterocarpaceae in Angola. Blumea 57 (3): 263-274, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X664892, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x664892
6F74CE2F0E4F1A79FFC73D26FBC21ADF.taxon	description	Monotes dawei H. H. Bancr. (1936 a) 43. — Type: Dawe 324 (holo K, seen in JSTOR), Angola, Bié, Libolo, Longa river, Dec. 1921. Tree 10 – 15 m tall. Leaves 8.5 – 13 by 4 – 7 cm, elliptical to obovate-elliptical; rounded to slightly emarginate at the apex, rounded at the base; upper surface with stellate and simple hairs, basal gland elliptical; lower surface with a dense indumentum of short curled hairs, less dense in the areoles, 14 – 18 pairs of lateral nerves; petiole 1.1 – 1.7 cm long. Inflorescences axillary 4 – 5.5 cm long. Flowers with sepals c. 4 mm long, tomentellous, petals c. 10 mm long, anthers with a short triangular appendage at the apex. Fruits c. 1 cm diam; wings elliptical 2 – 3.5 by 1.1 – 1.8 cm. Ecology — In dry forest; altitude 1200 – 1500 m. Distribution — Endemic to the south-east of Angola. – CC: Baum 925 (COI); Dawe 324 (K). Conservation status — The species is known from two collections only. As no other collections are known from the same locality, it should be considered as Data Deficient with insufficient information (DD 3). Note — This is a poorly known species, only the specimens cited in the protologue being known. Comparing the specimen Baum 925 to specimens of the nearest species, M. caloneurus, the distinctive characters referred by Bancroft (1936 a) are consistent. So, even though it is poorly known, M. dawei must be maintained as a species.	en	Catarino, L., Martins, E. S., Abreu, J. A., Figueira, R. (2013): Revision of the family Dipterocarpaceae in Angola. Blumea 57 (3): 263-274, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X664892, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x664892
6F74CE2F0E4F1A79FD0D3A88FAF71D66.taxon	description	Monotes discolor R. E. Fr. (1914 b) 153. — Type: Fries 1175 (holo S, n. v.; iso UPS, n. v.), Zambia, Mporokoso, 31 Oct. 1911. Shrub or small tree up to 6 m tall. Leaves 11 – 20 (– 25) by 7 – 12 (– 16) cm, broadly elliptic to obovate or suborbicular, discolor; cordate to rounded at the base, rounded, truncate or emarginate at the apex; basal gland rounded to obovate; upper surface green coloured, glabrous in adult leaves except for the midrib, with disperse straight hairs; lower surface whitish, tomentose, with sparse straight hairs and yellow glands on the nerves and dense, short curled hairs covering the veins and interreticular areoles, lateral nerves 14 – 18 pairs, not reaching the leaf margin; petiole robust, 1.5 – 3.5 cm long. Inflorescences axillary, few-flowered. Flowers with sepals 4 – 5 mm long, petals c. 10 mm long, both tomentose, anthers with a long triangular appendage at the apex. Fruits globose 1 – 2.5 cm diam; wings lanceolate, narrowly obovate or spathulate 3 – 5.5 by 1 – 2 cm. Ecology — In Brachystegia woodlands and savanna woodlands; altitude 1200 – 1800 m. Distribution — BI: Bamps, Martins & Maia 4196 (LISC); Cardoso s. n. (COI, LISC); Gomes & Silva 2812 (LISC); Gossweiler 3528 (COI, LISC), 3528 b (LISC). – CS: Teixeira et al. 7424 (LISC). – HA: Barbosa 10924, 11007, 11581, 11851 (LISC); Barbosa & Correia 8892 (LISC); Dechamps, Murta & Silva 1016 (LISC); Exell & Mendonça 1687 (COI, LISC); Mendes 560, 2167 (LISC); Murta 115 (LISC); Santos 896 (LISC, LISU); Silva 2849 (LISC); Teixeira & Sousa 6443 (LISC). – HI: Gossweiler 11312 (COI). – LS: Exell & Mendonça 295 (COI). Recorded also from Zambia, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Malawi. Vernacular names — m’popoca (Gossweiler 3528 b), ossuim (Barbosa 11581), quimbuetebuete (Teixeira 7424), suim (quimbundo, Mendes 2167). Note — Duvigneaud (1961) accepts three varieties in M. discolor (the type variety, var. lanatus and var. cordatus). All Angolan specimens observed fall into the type variety.	en	Catarino, L., Martins, E. S., Abreu, J. A., Figueira, R. (2013): Revision of the family Dipterocarpaceae in Angola. Blumea 57 (3): 263-274, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X664892, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x664892
6F74CE2F0E4F1A7AFD0D3D2FFF321AFB.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology — In subxerophytic woodland; altitude of 1200 – 1300 m. Distribution — BI: Barbosa 11341 (LISC); Barbosa & Moreno 12237 (LISC); Exell & Mendonça 1744 (COI). – LS: Exell & Mendonça 1228 (COI, LISC). Also in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Note — As referred by Bancroft (1939 a), M. elegans is a very variable species with close affinities to M. caloneurus and M. hypoleucus.	en	Catarino, L., Martins, E. S., Abreu, J. A., Figueira, R. (2013): Revision of the family Dipterocarpaceae in Angola. Blumea 57 (3): 263-274, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X664892, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x664892
6F74CE2F0E4C1A7AFFC73AD1FDE81F22.taxon	description	Shrub up to 4 m tall. Leaves 3 – 6 by 2 – 3 cm, elliptical to obovate, obtuse to rounded at the apex, rounded to subcordate at the base; upper surface glabrous, finely reticulate, somewhat shining, with numerous dotted glands, lower surface with the nerves and veins moderately prominent, covered with short curled hairs, areoles covered with stellate hairs, 9 – 12 pairs of lateral nerves; petiole 8 – 12 mm long. Inflorescences few-flowered, c. 3 cm long. Flowers with sepals 3 mm long, petals c. 10 mm long, both tomentose; stamens with a triangular appendage at the apex. Fruits subglobose, c. 1 cm diam; wings 3 – 4 by 1 – 1.7 cm, dark red in fresh condition. Ecology — In savanna woodland on sandy soils. Distribution — HI: Teixeira 910 (LISC). Note — Angola was not included the distribution area of M. engleri (N Zambia, Zimbabwe, Malawi and Mozambique) (e. g. Duvigneaud 1961), but with the collection Teixeira 910 the presence in Angola can be established.	en	Catarino, L., Martins, E. S., Abreu, J. A., Figueira, R. (2013): Revision of the family Dipterocarpaceae in Angola. Blumea 57 (3): 263-274, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X664892, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x664892
6F74CE2F0E4C1A7AFFC73FE9FDB51C5B.taxon	description	Monotes glaber Sprague (1909) 305. — Syntypes: Allen 734 (K, seen in JSTOR), Zimbabwe, valley of the Hanyani River, 17 May 1909; Baines s. n. (K, seen in JSTOR), ‘ South Africa Gold-fields’, s. d. Shrub or small tree up to 7 m tall in Angola (up to 20 m in the Flora Zambesiaca area). Leaves 5 – 9.5 by 2 – 5 cm, elliptic to oblong or obovate-oblong, rounded to cordate at the base, obtuse to truncate at the apex; midrib and lateral nerves slightly depressed above and prominent beneath; upper surface glabrous, shining, finely reticulate, lower surface glabrous, with the venation scarcely prominent, 8 – 11 pairs of lateral nerves; petiole 0.8 – 1.5 cm. Inflorescences axillary, up to 4 cm long, few-flowered. Flowers with sepals 3 mm long, petals 7 – 8 mm long, anthers shortly mucronate at the apex. Fruits subglobose, 0.8 – 1 cm diam; wings elliptic to narrowly obovate 2 – 3 by 1 – 1.5 cm. Ecology — In woodland and savanna woodland; altitude 1150 – 1450 m. Distribution — BE: Andrada 93 (LISC, LISU). – BI: Andrada 42 (LISC, LISU); Monteiro & Murta 1688, 1839 (LISC); Santos 1857 (LISC). – MA: Dechamps, Murta & Silva 1475 (LISC). – MO: Almeida 538: Fl (LISC). Also in Botswana, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Vernacular name — munhande (Almeida 538: Fl).	en	Catarino, L., Martins, E. S., Abreu, J. A., Figueira, R. (2013): Revision of the family Dipterocarpaceae in Angola. Blumea 57 (3): 263-274, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X664892, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x664892
6F74CE2F0E4C1A7AFFC73C3FFCB119F5.taxon	description	Monotes gossweileri De Wild. (1927) 173. — Type: Gossweiler 3904 (holo BR, seen in JSTOR; iso BM, COI, LISC), Angola, Bié, 13 Nov. 1906. Undershrub, shrub or small tree up to 4 m tall. Leaves 4 – 9.5 by 1.5 – 5 cm, ovate, obovate or elliptical; rounded to obtuse at the apex, obtuse, rounded or cordate at the base; upper surface shining, with a sparse indumentum of simple straight hairs; lower surface with the venation scarcely prominent and an indumentum of curled hairs on the nerves and veins, masking the interreticular areoles covered with stellate hairs, 7 – 11 pairs of lateral nerves; petiole 5 – 10 mm. Inflorescences axillary, up to 5 cm long, few-flowered. Flowers with sepals c. 3 mm long, tomentose, petals c. 7 mm long, pilose, anthers not seen. Fruits globose, 0.8 – 1 cm diam; wings elliptic to narrowly obovate 2 – 3.5 by 1 – 1.5 cm. Ecology — In xerophilous scrub on sandy ground; altitude 1200 – 1500 m. Distribution — Endemic to Eastern Angola. – BI: Gossweiler 2778, 3904 (COI, LISC). – CC: Mendes 2441, 3112 (LISC). – LS: Exell & Mendonça 1192, 1226, 1424 (COI), 1445 (COI, LISC); Gossweiler 11410 (COI). – MO: Young 1380 (BM, n. v.). Conservation status — The species is known from eight collections made in five different locations and can be considered as vulnerable by having a very small or restricted population (VU D 2).	en	Catarino, L., Martins, E. S., Abreu, J. A., Figueira, R. (2013): Revision of the family Dipterocarpaceae in Angola. Blumea 57 (3): 263-274, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X664892, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x664892
6F74CE2F0E4C1A7AFD0D39DBFA9B1E9D.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology — In open subxerophilous scrub; altitude 1000 m. Distribution — Endemic to northern Angola. – MA: Gossweiler 9581 (COI, LISC). Conservation status — The species is only known from a single location. Since the same area was surveyed several times after the species was described, and there are no further collections known, it can be considered as rare. It should be classified as vulnerable by having a very small and restricted population (VU D 2). Note — This is a poorly known species, from which only the type is known. The leaves of this species share characters with M. adenophyllus subsp. delevoyi, but have a denser indumentum and the veins are more prominent in the lower surface.	en	Catarino, L., Martins, E. S., Abreu, J. A., Figueira, R. (2013): Revision of the family Dipterocarpaceae in Angola. Blumea 57 (3): 263-274, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X664892, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x664892
6F74CE2F0E4C1A7BFD0D3D74FDF91A56.taxon	description	Small tree or shrub. Leaves 7 – 10 by 4 – 6 cm, elliptical or obovate-elliptical, rounded at the base, rounded to emarginate at the apex, with 11 – 16 pairs of lateral nerves; upper surface dark in young condition, covered with stellate hairs, glabrescent with age; lower surface with a white-greyish indumentum of curled hairs covering the veins and nerves and disperse straight hairs in the nerves; petiole 1.5 – 2 cm long, terete. Inflorescences axillary, few-flowered. Flowers with sepals c. 3 mm long, petals c. 9 mm long, both tomentose, anthers with a triangular appendage at the apex. Fruits subglobose, c. 1.5 cm diam; wings lanceolate to broadly elliptical 4 – 5 by 1.5 – 2.5 cm. Ecology — In xerophilous forest or scrub, in sandy soils. Distribution — BE: Gossweiler 1804 (COI, LISC). – BI: Gossweiler 2934 (COI), 3943 (COI, LISC). – HI: Welwitsch 1036 (COI, LISU). Also in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Bancroft (1937) refers to this species as occurring also in Zimbabwe and Tanzania, but that occurrence was not confirmed by Duvigneaud (1961) and Verdcourt (1989).	en	Catarino, L., Martins, E. S., Abreu, J. A., Figueira, R. (2013): Revision of the family Dipterocarpaceae in Angola. Blumea 57 (3): 263-274, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X664892, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x664892
6F74CE2F0E4D1A7BFFC73A3FFF1A1FD2.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology — In subxerophilous vegetation and dry forest. Distribution — Endemic to central Angola. – BI: Monteiro & Murta 2038 (LISC). – HA: Barbosa 12265 (LISC). – MA: Gossweiler 9492 (COI, LISC). Conservation status — The species is known from three collections and three different localities. Two of these locations were surveyed several times after the species description, but no further collections are known. With less than 12 km 2 of known area of occupancy and just three locations M. loandensis can be considered as vulnerable by having a very small and restricted population (VU D 2). Vernacular names — ossui (Monteiro & Murta 2038); ossuím (Barbosa 12265).	en	Catarino, L., Martins, E. S., Abreu, J. A., Figueira, R. (2013): Revision of the family Dipterocarpaceae in Angola. Blumea 57 (3): 263-274, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X664892, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x664892
6F74CE2F0E4D1A7BFFC73FB8FB8E1BC0.taxon	description	Monotes mutetetwa P. A. Duvign. (1949) 58. — Syntypes: Duvigneaud 840 M (BR, seen in JSTOR), Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenge, 6 May 1948; Duvigneaud 954 M (BR, seen in JSTOR), Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kahemba, 1948. Shrub or small tree up to 6 m tall in Angola (8 – 15 m elsewhere, Duvigneaud 1949). Leaves 8 – 15 by 5 – 12 cm, broadly elliptical, ovate or oblong; rounded to cordate at the base, typically acuminate at the apex, but often rounded to slightly emarginate, upper surface with an indumentum of simple hairs, lower surface with the nerves and veins prominent, tomentose, with flexuous hairs in the nerves and veins, not masking the interreticular areoles, which are covered with stellate hairs mixed with yellow glands, 14 – 18 pairs of lateral nerves; petiole 1 – 2 cm long. Inflorescences condensed, 3 – 6 cm long, multi-flowered. Flowers with sepals 2 – 3 mm long, sericeous, petals 5 mm long, sericeous-pilose, anthers shortly mucronate. Fruits subglobose, conical at the apex, c. 1 cm diam; wings narrowly obovate 2 – 3 by 1 – 1.5 cm. Ecology — In Isoberlinia­Brachystegia woodlands, and in subxerophytic bushland; altitude 1200 – 1300 m. Distribution — LN: Machado ANG. VI. 54 ­ 40 (LISC). – LS: Exell & Mendonça 1154 (COI, LISC), 1155, 1223 (COI), 1230, 1404, 1517 (LISC); Gossweiler 11394, 11609, 11737 (LISC), 11544 (COI, LISC). – MO: Almeida 537: Fl., 539: Fl. (LISC); Exell & Mendonça 1517, 1638 (COI, LISC); Monteiro, Santos & Murta 509, 510 (LISC); Teixeira & Pedro 7577 (LISC). Also in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Vernacular name — mubalangongo (Almeida 539: Fl.). Note — Monotes mutetetwa has affinities with M. dasyanthus, see note under this species.	en	Catarino, L., Martins, E. S., Abreu, J. A., Figueira, R. (2013): Revision of the family Dipterocarpaceae in Angola. Blumea 57 (3): 263-274, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X664892, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x664892
6F74CE2F0E4D1A7BFD0D3BB6FAA518C6.taxon	description	Monotes noldeae H. H. Bancr. (1936 b) 226. — Type: Nolde 202 (holo B †?, n. v.; iso LISC), Angola, Malange, Apr. 1933. Small tree. Leaves 4 – 7 by 1.5 – 3 cm, elliptical to obovate, rounded to emarginate at the apex, rounded to subacute at the base, upper surface glabrous, shining, lower surface tomentose, with simple, short hairs on the veins and interreticular areoles, with the lateral nerves prominent, 10 – 13 pairs of lateral nerves; petiole 1.4 – 1.7 (– 2.2) cm long. Inflorescences axillary, 2 – 4 cm long, few-flowered. Flowers with sepals c. 2 mm long, densely pubescent, petals c. 7 mm long, pubescent, anthers with a narrowly triangular to subquadrate or bilobed appendage at the apex. Fruits subglobose, conical at the apex, 6 – 8 mm diam; wings lanceolate 20 – 30 by 5 – 8 mm. Ecology — In xerophilous woodland, not common. Distribution — Endemic to Malange province, Angola. – MA: Gossweiler 9520 (COI, LISC); Nolde 202 (LISC). Conservation status — The species is known only from two collections, even though several collecting events took place in the same locality after its description. With less than 8 km 2 of known area of occupancy and just two localities, M. noldae is rare and it should be considered as vulnerable by having a very small and restricted population (VU D 2). Vernacular name — m’basa basa (Gossweiler 9520).	en	Catarino, L., Martins, E. S., Abreu, J. A., Figueira, R. (2013): Revision of the family Dipterocarpaceae in Angola. Blumea 57 (3): 263-274, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X664892, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x664892
6F74CE2F0E4D1A75FD0D388DFF801825.taxon	description	Monotes caloneuri affinis sed indumento persistente integrae paginae supe- rioris foliorum (nec glabra foliis maturis propter costam) et lanato-tomentoso paginae inferioris maturorum foliorum (nec glabrescente) occultante areolas interreticulares differt. — Typus: Monteiro & Murta 1919 (holo LISC; iso LISC, LUA), Angola, Bié, Cuemba, Cachingues, c. 1300 m, 17 Sept. 1966 (fl). Etymology. The specimens Monteiro & Murta 1917 and 1919 were already identified as belonging to a probable new species close to M. caloneurus by Jorge Paiva in 1968. The name of the new species intends to be a tribute to his work in the African flora. Small tree up to 7 m tall, with bole of 2 – 3 m. Young shoots densely covered with simple and stellate hairs, glabrescent with age. Leaves alternate, simple, entire, 8 – 15 by 5 – 10 cm; leaf blade discolor, obovate to broadly elliptical, emarginate or rarely rounded at the apex, rounded, truncate or slightly cordate at the base; upper surface pubescent, with simple spreading hairs and stellate hairs, more abundant on the nerves of the basal part of the leaf blade, secondary and tertiary nerves impressed; lower surface with a continuous woolly-tomentose indumentum, midrib and lateral nerves prominent, brown-reddish; midrib with abundant fulvous stellate hairs and dispersed greyish bristles; lateral nerves with simple curled hairs, stellate hairs and rare bristles; veins densely covered with simple, curled hairs, hiding the interreticular areoles covered with short stellate hairs; basal gland broadly elliptical to obovate, 2 – 2.5 mm in length, 11 – 13 pairs of lateral nerves; petiole almost terete to slightly canaliculate in the upper surface, 1.5 – 2.5 cm in length and 1.5 – 2.5 mm diam, with dense stellate hairs and greyish bristles dispersed. Flowers in axillary panicles of 10 – 20 flowers, with short peduncle and rachis covered with penicillate hairs. Sepals 5, ovate, c. 3 – 4 by 2 mm, sericeous, acrescent; petals 5, lanceolate, 10 – 12 by 3 – 4 mm, external surface densely sericeous; ovary ovoid, c. 3.5 mm in length; stamens numerous, anthers c. 0.6 mm long, with a triangular appendix c. 0.4 cm long, at the apex. Fruits globose, 8 – 12 mm diam, sericeous; wings 25 – 45 by 10 – 18 mm, narrowly obovate to elliptical, rounded to obtuse at the apex, yellow-brownish to reddish in vivo, light brown when dry, with the veins darker; stellate hairs and penicillate hairs more dense at the lower part of the external surface. Ecology — Dispersed and little abundant in woodlands; altitude 1300 – 1600 m. Distribution — Endemic to the Bié province, central Angola. Phenology — Specimens with flowers collected in February and March, and with fruits collected in September and December. Conservation status — Monotes paivae is known from nine collections made in five different locations. In the labels of three of the collections, this species is considered locally abundant, but its presence in only five locations within a restricted area makes it eligible to be considered as vulnerable by having a very small and restricted population (VU D 2). Additional specimens examined. ANGOLA, BI: Barbosa 12111 (LISC), at 5 km from Cachingues to Chitembo, 7 Apr. 1971; 12176 (LISC), between the road crossing Bié – Menongue and Chinguar, 11 Apr. 1971; Dechamps, Murta & Silva 1382 (BR, LISC, LUA, MAD), near Bié, S 12 ° 25 ' E 16 ° 59 ', alt. 1640 m, 7 Mar. 1974; Exell & Mendonça 1744 (BM, COI), between Camacupa and Bié, alt. 1400 – 1700 m, 7 May 1937 (Note: this specimen was cited in Exell & Mendonça (1951: 371) as M. elegans, but Duvigneaud in 1950 already identified it as “ cf. spec. nova ad caloneurus ”); Henriques 1373 (LISC), Kuito, 10 km from Cachingues to Chitembo, 7 Apr. 1971; Monteiro & Murta 1917 (COI, LISC), Cuemba, Cachingues, alt. c. 1300 m, 17 Sept. 1966; Raimundo, Matos & Figueira 60 (LISC), Chissamba, alt. c. 1400 m, 11 Feb. 1970.	en	Catarino, L., Martins, E. S., Abreu, J. A., Figueira, R. (2013): Revision of the family Dipterocarpaceae in Angola. Blumea 57 (3): 263-274, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X664892, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x664892
6F74CE2F0E431A75FFC738ECFDFF1DE1.taxon	description	Monotes pearsonii H. H. Bancr. (1936 a) 44. — Type: Pearson 2649 (holo K, seen in JSTOR; iso FHO), Angola, Huíla, 8 May 1909. Shrub or tree up to 6 m tall. Leaves 6 – 9.5 by 4 – 5.5 cm, obovate or elliptic, truncate to slightly emarginate at the apex, often mucronate; rounded to truncate at the base; upper surface with short simple and stellate hairs and resiniferous glands; lower surface covered with a short and dense indumentum cream-whitish, not hiding the reticulation, 12 – 15 pairs of lateral nerves; petiole 1.6 – 2.1 cm long, terete, with simple and stellate hairs. Inflorescences few-flowered, 4 – 8 cm long. Flowers with sepals 2 – 3 mm long, tomentose, petals 8 – 9 mm long, sericeotomentose, anthers with a widely triangular to subquadrate appendage at he apex. Fruits globose, depressed at the apex c. 1.8 cm diam; wings narrowly lanceolate, up to 8 by 2 cm. Ecology — In woodland; altitude 1450 – 1800 m. Distribution — Endemic to southern Angola. – CC: Mendes 1999 (LISC). – HI: Dechamps, Murta & Silva 1225 (LISC); Pearson 2649 (K). Conservation status — Monotes pearsonii is known from three collections made in three different localities, but several other collecting events took place at least in one of these locations and no further specimens are known. With just 12 km 2 of known area of occupancy and three localities, M. pearsonii is rare and it should be considered as vulnerable by having a very small and restricted population (VU D 2).	en	Catarino, L., Martins, E. S., Abreu, J. A., Figueira, R. (2013): Revision of the family Dipterocarpaceae in Angola. Blumea 57 (3): 263-274, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X664892, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x664892
6F74CE2F0E431A75FFC73DD7FCDE1AC7.taxon	description	Monotes rubriglans H. H. Bancr. (1937) 138. — Type: Bonnefoux & Villain 57 (holo P, seen in JSTOR; iso BM), Angola, Huila, s. d. Tree up to 7 m tall. Leaves 10 – 15 by 5 – 8 cm, elliptical or obovate, emarginate at the apex, rounded to slightly cordiform at the base; upper surface glabrescent, except for the midrib, with simple hairs and glands; lower surface with the interreticular areoles glabrous and the nerves with sparse, simple hairs and numerous glandulous hairs, basal gland small, rounded, redcoloured; 12 – 14 pairs of lateral nerves; petiole 1.1 – 2 cm long. Inflorescences not seen. Fruits globose c. 1 cm diam; wings narrowly elliptical, 3 – 4.5 by 1 – 1.5 cm. Ecology — In xerophilous woodland, savanna woodland and river banks. Distribution — Endemic to southern and central Angola. – HI: Bonnefoux & Villain 57 (P). – LS: Exell & Mendonça 288, 326 (COI, LISC). – MA: Barbosa 11352 (LISC). Conservation status — This species is known from four collections and four different localities. Monotes rubriglans is rare and it should be considered as vulnerable by having a very small and restricted population (VU D 2). Vernacular name — muleletua (chokwe, Exell & Mendonça 288).	en	Catarino, L., Martins, E. S., Abreu, J. A., Figueira, R. (2013): Revision of the family Dipterocarpaceae in Angola. Blumea 57 (3): 263-274, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X664892, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x664892
6F74CE2F0E431A75FD0D3A8EFC911F00.taxon	description	Monotes xasenguensis H. H. Bancr. (1939 b) 111. — Syntypes: Gossweiler 11755 (holo BM, n. v.; iso COI), Angola, Lunda, Xa-Sengue, Apr. 1937. Tree 15 m tall. Leaves 7 – 10 by 2 – 3 cm, elliptical to obovate-elliptical; rounded, obtuse or acute at the apex, rounded, acute or slightly auriculate at the base; upper surface glabrous; lower surface glabrous, with the midrib and lateral nerves prominent, 13 – 18 pairs of lateral nerves; petiole 0.7 – 1.4 cm long. Inflorescences not seen. Fruits subglobose, c. 0.9 cm diam; wings c. 3 by 0.7 cm. Ecology — In xerophilous forest. Distribution — Endemic to north-east Angola. – LS: Gossweiler 11755 (COI). Conservation status — Monotes xasenguensis is known from a single collection. As no other collection events are known for that locality, the species should be considered as Data Deficient with insufficient information (DD 3). Note — This species is known only from the type collection. Nevertheless, the separation from the nearest species, M. glaber, seems to be effective and the species must be maintained.	en	Catarino, L., Martins, E. S., Abreu, J. A., Figueira, R. (2013): Revision of the family Dipterocarpaceae in Angola. Blumea 57 (3): 263-274, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X664892, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x664892
6F74CE2F0E411A77FDEC3D48FAFE1D8F.taxon	description	glaber Sprague 14 pearsonii H. H. Bancr. 22 glandulosus Pierre [insuf.] redheadii P. A. Duvign. [insuf.] gossweileri De Wild. 15 rubriglans H. H. Bancr. 23 homblei De Wild. 4 sapinii De Wild. 2 hutchinsonianus Exell 16 tomentellus Hutch. & Milne-Redh. 13 hypoleucus (Welw. ex Oliv.) Gilg 17 xasenguensis H. H. Bancr. 24 kapiriensis De Wild. 17 Vatica africana (A. DC.) Welw. 5 loandensis Exell 18 var. hypoleuca Welw. ex Oliv. 17	en	Catarino, L., Martins, E. S., Abreu, J. A., Figueira, R. (2013): Revision of the family Dipterocarpaceae in Angola. Blumea 57 (3): 263-274, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X664892, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x664892
