taxonID	type	description	language	source
6F4D8787FF81CB5AFF3B6FB6FA7EFC93.taxon	type_taxon	Type species Pipunculus campestris Latreille, 1802, (monotype); Becker 1897: 36 group II (partim); 1900: 226 (partim); Verrall, 1901 groups II and III (partim); Cresson, 1911: 296 group II (partim); Rafael, 1991: 1; De Meyer, 1996: 21; Motamedinia et al. 2022: 14. Ramos-Pastrana 2023 d.	en	Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany, Córdoba-Suarez, Eric, Wolff, Marta (2026): Two new species of Pipunculus Latreille, 1802 (Diptera: Pipunculidae) from Colombia, and an updated key to males of the Neotropical species. Zootaxa 5741 (2): 309-324, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5741.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5741.2.4
6F4D8787FF81CB5BFF3B6DA2FAE6FA07.taxon	description	Figs 1, 3	en	Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany, Córdoba-Suarez, Eric, Wolff, Marta (2026): Two new species of Pipunculus Latreille, 1802 (Diptera: Pipunculidae) from Colombia, and an updated key to males of the Neotropical species. Zootaxa 5741 (2): 309-324, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5741.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5741.2.4
6F4D8787FF81CB5BFF3B6DA2FAE6FA07.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. (3 ♂). HOLOTYPE. Male: COLOMBIA, Antioquia, Belmira, Páramo de Sta. [Santa] Inés, El Morro, 06 º 38 ' 57 '' N / 75 º 38 ' 43 '' W, 3185 m [eters], 21 – 30. VI. 2017, Trampa Malaise Dosel, Proyecto moscas de las flores, A. L. Montoya, C. Rodríguez, JP. Carmona leg., (1 ♂, CEUA – 163202) (photographed). PARATYPES. idem (1 ♂, CEUA – 163203); idem 06 º 38 ' 35 '' N / 75 º 40 ' 03 '' W, 3005 m [eters], 4 – 14. II. 2017, Trampa Malaise suelo (1 ♂, CEUA – 163204). Holotype with left wing mounted on a microslide with Canada balsam. Left antenna and terminalia placed in a microvial with glycerin, both pinned along the specimen.	en	Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany, Córdoba-Suarez, Eric, Wolff, Marta (2026): Two new species of Pipunculus Latreille, 1802 (Diptera: Pipunculidae) from Colombia, and an updated key to males of the Neotropical species. Zootaxa 5741 (2): 309-324, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5741.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5741.2.4
6F4D8787FF81CB5BFF3B6DA2FAE6FA07.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Male. Antenna brown; postpedicel with acuminate apex. Frontal triangle brown pruinose. Wing with anal lobe narrowed basally. Coxae opaque dark brown. All tibiae with proximal ½ yellowish brown, distal ½ brown and without distinct apical spines. Abdomen ground color velvety dark blue. Syntergosternite 8 with large membranous area. Surstyli subsymmetrical, clearly shorter than epandrium, abruptly thinning at the apex. Apex of phallic thin, short and strongly curved upward, gradually tapering towards the apex, with tip short and hook-shaped. Ejaculatory apodeme fan-shaped.	en	Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany, Córdoba-Suarez, Eric, Wolff, Marta (2026): Two new species of Pipunculus Latreille, 1802 (Diptera: Pipunculidae) from Colombia, and an updated key to males of the Neotropical species. Zootaxa 5741 (2): 309-324, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5741.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5741.2.4
6F4D8787FF81CB5BFF3B6DA2FAE6FA07.taxon	description	Description. MALE (holotype). Body length 3.2. mm. Head (Figs 1 A, B). Eyes contiguous for 16 facets. F, EM, V (mm) = 0.3, 0.2, 0.1. Frontal triangle brown pruinose, with conspicuous dark brown callus. Occiput brown, brown pruinose dorsally and upper ½ laterally, gray pruinose in lower ½ laterally and on ventral surface. Antenna (Fig. 1 C) dark brown; scape without setae dorsally; pedicel with two setae dorsally and three ventrally; postpedicel with acuminate apex. LPP / WPP = 2. Thorax (Figs 1 A – B, D). Postpronotal lobe dark brown, brown pruinose. Scutum dark brown, brown pruinose, with dorsocentral setae; long and brown setae covering basal third and few green and blue metallic sheens centrally. Notopleuron concolorous with scutum. Scutellum dark blue, brown pruinose in proximal ½. Mesopleuron dark brown, gray brown pruinose. Mediotergite concolorous with mesopleuron. Wing (Fig. 1 E). Length 5.6 mm. LW / MWW = 3.7; LTC / LFC = 0.5. Membrane brown infuscate; anal lobe narrowed basally. Halter dark brown. Legs (Figs 1 A, B). Coxae opaque dark brown, with apices yellowish brown, gray brown pruinose; trochanters yellowish brown; femora shiny, dark brown with bases and apices yellowish brown, ventral ctenidia and a row of long and fine yellow setae posterolaterally; tibiae with proximal ½ yellowish brown, distal ½ brown, without distinct apical spines and outstanding setae anteromedially; mid and hind tibiae with a patch of short and fine setae yellow, giving fluffy appearance in distal two thirds posteriorly, without an acute process posteroapically; tarsomeres 1 – 2 yellowish brown, 3 – 4 brown and 5 dark brown; pulvilli yellow. Abdomen (Figs 1 A – B, F). Ground color velvety dark blue, with few inconspicuous setae scattered dorsally and laterally, equal in length; tergite 1 entirely brown pruinose dorsally and laterally; tergites 2 – 5 shiny, dark brown pruinose only in proximal margins dorsally and laterally; tergites and sternites 6 and 7 as in Fig. 1 G. Syntergosternite 8 gray brown pruinose, clearly shorter than tergite 5, with large apical membranous area (Fig. 1 H). Terminalia (Figs 1 G – M). Epandrium and surstyli brown (Fig. 1 H). Surstyli (Figs 1 H – J) subsymmetrical, clearly shorter than epandrium, with long setae in outer margins. Both surstyli thickened basally, thin apically, abruptly thinning at the apex, with inner margins slightly straight, outer margins clearly sinuous, apex slightly acute, downwards directed in dorsal view (Fig. 1 H); left surstylus slightly thinner, longer than right in dorsal view (Fig. 1 H); both surstyli with lower and upper margins sinuous, with rounded apex when seen in lateral view (Figs 1 I – J). Gonopods asymmetrical; left gonopod thicker and longer than right one (Fig. 1 K). Apex of phallic thin, short and strongly upward curved, gradually tapering towards the apex, with tip short and hook-shaped (Fig. 1 L). Ejaculatory apodeme fan-shaped (Fig. 1 M). Phallus trifid, coiled. Ejaculatory ducts coiled, distinctly separated in distal ½ (Fig. 1 L). FEMALE. Unknown.	en	Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany, Córdoba-Suarez, Eric, Wolff, Marta (2026): Two new species of Pipunculus Latreille, 1802 (Diptera: Pipunculidae) from Colombia, and an updated key to males of the Neotropical species. Zootaxa 5741 (2): 309-324, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5741.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5741.2.4
6F4D8787FF81CB5BFF3B6DA2FAE6FA07.taxon	distribution	Geographical distribution. Colombia (Antioquia, Belmira, Santa Inés) (Fig. 3).	en	Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany, Córdoba-Suarez, Eric, Wolff, Marta (2026): Two new species of Pipunculus Latreille, 1802 (Diptera: Pipunculidae) from Colombia, and an updated key to males of the Neotropical species. Zootaxa 5741 (2): 309-324, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5741.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5741.2.4
6F4D8787FF81CB5BFF3B6DA2FAE6FA07.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Pipunculus geua sp. nov. is named after the acronym of the Grupo de Entomología Universidad de Antioquia ”, in appreciation of its members for their ethical and rigorous work in the study of the diversity of Diptera in Colombia. Treated as a noun in apposition.	en	Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany, Córdoba-Suarez, Eric, Wolff, Marta (2026): Two new species of Pipunculus Latreille, 1802 (Diptera: Pipunculidae) from Colombia, and an updated key to males of the Neotropical species. Zootaxa 5741 (2): 309-324, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5741.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5741.2.4
6F4D8787FF81CB5BFF3B6DA2FAE6FA07.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat. The Páramo de Belmira-Santa Inés is located north of the Cordillera Central of the Colombian Andes. This complex reaches up to 3369 m in altitude and covers about 10.621 ha (Correa et al. 2023). According to the Holdridge (1967) life zone classification system, this páramo corresponds to montane rainforest (bp-M).	en	Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany, Córdoba-Suarez, Eric, Wolff, Marta (2026): Two new species of Pipunculus Latreille, 1802 (Diptera: Pipunculidae) from Colombia, and an updated key to males of the Neotropical species. Zootaxa 5741 (2): 309-324, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5741.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5741.2.4
6F4D8787FF81CB5BFF3B6DA2FAE6FA07.taxon	discussion	Taxonomic notes. Pipunculus geua sp. nov. runs to couplet 10 of P. caeruleus Ramos-Pastrana, Marques & Rafael, 2023 in Ramos-Pastrana et al. (2023 d). It differs from P. caeruleus by frontal triangle brown pruinose in Pipunculus geua sp. nov. (versus frontal triangle gray brown pruinose in P. caeruleus); all tibiae with proximal ½ yellowish brown and distal ½ brown (versus at least mid and hind tibiae dark brown with bases and apex yellowish brown); surstyli abruptly thinning at the apex (Fig. 1 H) [versus surstily gradually tapering towards the apex (figure 8 in Ramos-Pastrana et al. 2023 d)]; ejaculatory apodeme fan-shaped (Fig. 1 M) [versus ejaculatory apodeme needle-shaped (figure 13 in Ramos-Pastrana et al. 2023 d)]. Because P. nutabes sp. nov. also reaches dichotomy 10 in Ramos-Pastrana et al. (2023 d). It differes from P. nutabes sp. nov. by pedicel with two setae dorsally and three ventrally in Pipunculus geua sp. nov. (Fig. 1 C) [versus pedicel with four setae dorsally and four ventrally in P. nutabes sp. nov. (Fig. 2 C)]; scutellum dark blue (Figs 1 B, D) [versus scutellum dark brown (Figs 2 B, D)]; all trochanters yellowish brown (versus mid trochanter yellowish brown, hind trochanter brown, gray brown pruinose); abdomen velvety dark blue (Figs 1 B, F) [versus abdomen dark brown, gray brown pruinose (Figs 2 B, F)]; syntergosternite 8 clearly shorter than tergite 5 (Fig. 1 F) [versus syntergosternite 8 equal in length to the tergite 5 (Fig. 2 F)]; surstyli 2 × as high as its widest point in dorsal view (Fig. 1 H) [versus surstyli 3 × as high as its widest point in dorsal view (Fig. 2 H)]; apex of phallic thin, short and strongly upward curved, gradually tapering towards the apex, with tip short and hook-shaped (Fig. 1 L) [versus apex of phallic guide stout and short, with tip short and not hook-shaped (Fig. 2 L)]; ejaculatory apodeme fan-shaped (Fig. 1 M) [versus ejaculatory apodeme mushroom-shaped (Fig. 2 M)].	en	Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany, Córdoba-Suarez, Eric, Wolff, Marta (2026): Two new species of Pipunculus Latreille, 1802 (Diptera: Pipunculidae) from Colombia, and an updated key to males of the Neotropical species. Zootaxa 5741 (2): 309-324, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5741.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5741.2.4
6F4D8787FF80CB5DFF3B6BEFFBD6F860.taxon	description	Figs 2, 3	en	Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany, Córdoba-Suarez, Eric, Wolff, Marta (2026): Two new species of Pipunculus Latreille, 1802 (Diptera: Pipunculidae) from Colombia, and an updated key to males of the Neotropical species. Zootaxa 5741 (2): 309-324, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5741.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5741.2.4
6F4D8787FF80CB5DFF3B6BEFFBD6F860.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. (1 ♂). HOLOTYPE. Male: COLOMBIA, Antioquia, Belmira, Páramo de Sta. [Santa] Inés, El Morro, 06 º 38 ' 57 '' N / 75 º 38 ' 43 '' W, 3005 m [eters], 4 – 14. II. 2017, Trampa Malaise Dosel, Proyecto moscas de las flores, A. L. Montoya, C. Rodríguez, JP. Carmona leg., (1 ♂, CEUA – 163205) (photographed). Holotype with left wing mounted on a microslide with Canada balsam. Left antenna and terminalia placed in a microvial with glycerin, both pinned along the specimen.	en	Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany, Córdoba-Suarez, Eric, Wolff, Marta (2026): Two new species of Pipunculus Latreille, 1802 (Diptera: Pipunculidae) from Colombia, and an updated key to males of the Neotropical species. Zootaxa 5741 (2): 309-324, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5741.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5741.2.4
6F4D8787FF80CB5DFF3B6BEFFBD6F860.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Male. Antenna brown; postpedicel with acuminate apex. Wing with anal lobe narrowed basally. Abdomen velvety dark brown, gray brown pruinose. Syntergosternite 8 equal in length to the tergite 5, with apical membranous area. Surstyli subsymmetrical, slightly shorter than epandrium and gradually tapering towards the apex. Apex of phallic guide stout and short, with tip short and not hook-shaped. Ejaculatory apodeme mushroom-shaped.	en	Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany, Córdoba-Suarez, Eric, Wolff, Marta (2026): Two new species of Pipunculus Latreille, 1802 (Diptera: Pipunculidae) from Colombia, and an updated key to males of the Neotropical species. Zootaxa 5741 (2): 309-324, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5741.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5741.2.4
6F4D8787FF80CB5DFF3B6BEFFBD6F860.taxon	description	Description. MALE (holotype). Body length 3.2 mm. Head (Figs 2 A, B). Eyes contiguous for 15 facets. F, EM, V (mm) = 0.2, 0.2, 0.1. Frontal triangle gray brown pruinose, with conspicuous dark brown callus. Occiput brown, brown pruinose dorsally and upper ½ laterally and ventrally, gray pruinose in lower ½ laterally. Antenna (Fig. 2 C) dark brown; scape with two setae dorsally; pedicel with four setae dorsally and four ventrally; postpedicel with acuminate apex. LPP / WPP = 2.4. Thorax (Figs 2 A – B, D). Postpronotal lobe dark brown, brown pruinose. Scutum dark brown, brown pruinose, with dorsocentral setae; long and brown setae on basal third. Notopleuron concolorous with scutum and scutellum. Mesopleuron dark brown, gray brown pruinose. Mediotergite concolorous with mesopleuron. Wing (Fig. 2 E). Length 5.7 mm. LW / MWW = 4; LTC / LFC = 0.5. Membrane brown infuscate; anal lobe narrowed basally. Halter dark brown. Legs (Figs 2 A, B). Coxae opaque dark brown, with apices yellowish brown; fore and mid coxae brown pruinose; hind coxae gray brown pruinose; fore trochanter lost; mid trochanter yellowish brown; hind trochanter brown gray brown pruinose; fore femur lost; mid and hind femora opaque dark brown, gray brown pruinose, with apices yellowish brown, ventral ctenidia and a row of long and fine yellow setae posterolaterally; fore tibia lost; mid and hind tibiae opaque dark brown, with bases and apex yellowish brown, without distinct apical spines and outstanding setae anteromedially; hind tibiae with a patch of short and fine setae yellow, giving fluffy appearance in distal two thirds posteriorly, without an acute process posteroapically; tarsomeres 1 – 5 dark brown; pulvilli brownish yellow. Abdomen (Figs 2 A – B, F). Ground color velvety dark brown, gray brown pruinose, with few inconspicuous setae scattered dorsally and laterally, equal in length; tergite 1 brown pruinose in proximal margin, gray pruinose in central margin, dark brown pruinose in distal margin dorsally and laterally; tergites 2 – 5 dark brown, brown pruinose dorsally; brown pruinose in proximal ½ and gray pruinose in distal ½ laterally; tergites and sternites 6 and 7 as in Fig. 2 G. Syntergosternite 8 dark brown, gray brown pruinose, equal in length to the tergite 5, with large apical membranous area (Fig. 2 H). Terminalia (Figs 2 G – M). Epandrium and surstyli brown (Fig. 2 H). Surstyli (Figs 2 H – J) subsymmetrical, slightly shorter than epandrium, with short setae in outer margins. Both surstyli thickened basally, thin apically, gradually tapering towards the apex, with inner and outer margins sinuous, apex slightly acute and downwards directed in dorsal view (Fig. 2 H); left surstylus slightly thinner and longer than right, left surstylus with outer margin slightly straight, right surstylus with outer margin clearly sinuous in dorsal view (Fig. 2 H); both surstyli with upper margins rounded, lower margins sinuous and acute apex when seen in lateral view (Figs 2 I, J). Gonopods subsymmetrical; left gonopod thinner and shorter than right (Fig. 2 K). Apex of phallic guide stout and short, with tip short and not hook-shaped (Fig. 2 L). Ejaculatory apodeme mushroom-shaped (Fig. 2 M). Phallus trifid, coiled, with ejaculatory ducts distinctly separated in distal ½ (Fig. 2 L). FEMALE. Unknown.	en	Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany, Córdoba-Suarez, Eric, Wolff, Marta (2026): Two new species of Pipunculus Latreille, 1802 (Diptera: Pipunculidae) from Colombia, and an updated key to males of the Neotropical species. Zootaxa 5741 (2): 309-324, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5741.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5741.2.4
6F4D8787FF80CB5DFF3B6BEFFBD6F860.taxon	distribution	Geographical distribution. Colombia (Antioquia, Belmira, Santa Inés) (Fig. 3).	en	Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany, Córdoba-Suarez, Eric, Wolff, Marta (2026): Two new species of Pipunculus Latreille, 1802 (Diptera: Pipunculidae) from Colombia, and an updated key to males of the Neotropical species. Zootaxa 5741 (2): 309-324, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5741.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5741.2.4
6F4D8787FF80CB5DFF3B6BEFFBD6F860.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet name is in apposition and refers to the name of the indigenous people “ Nutabes ” the first inhabitants of the type locality.	en	Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany, Córdoba-Suarez, Eric, Wolff, Marta (2026): Two new species of Pipunculus Latreille, 1802 (Diptera: Pipunculidae) from Colombia, and an updated key to males of the Neotropical species. Zootaxa 5741 (2): 309-324, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5741.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5741.2.4
6F4D8787FF80CB5DFF3B6BEFFBD6F860.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat. same as the previous species.	en	Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany, Córdoba-Suarez, Eric, Wolff, Marta (2026): Two new species of Pipunculus Latreille, 1802 (Diptera: Pipunculidae) from Colombia, and an updated key to males of the Neotropical species. Zootaxa 5741 (2): 309-324, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5741.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5741.2.4
6F4D8787FF80CB5DFF3B6BEFFBD6F860.taxon	discussion	Taxonomic notes. Pipunculus nutabes sp. nov. runs to P. caeruleus Ramos-Pastrana, Marques & Rafael, 2023 d in Ramos-Pastrana et al. (2023 d) in couplet 10 of the key presented by Ramos-Pastrana et al. (2023 d). It differs from P. caeruleus by Syntergosternite 8 equal in length to the tergite 5, with small membranous area (Fig. 2 B) in Pipunculus nutabes sp. nov. [versus syntergosternite 8 clearly longer than tergite 5, with large membranous area in P. caeruleus (figure 8 in Ramos-Pastrana et al. 2023 d)]; apex of phallic guide with tip short and not hook-shaped (Fig. 2 L) [versus apex of phallic with tip thin slightly hook-shaped (figure 12 in Ramos-Pastrana et al. 2023 d)]; ejaculatory apodeme mushroom-shaped (Figs 2 M) [versus ejaculatory apodeme needle-shaped (figure 13 in Ramos-Pastrana et al. 2023 d)]. Because P. geua sp. nov. also reaches dichotomy 10 in Ramos-Pastrana et al. (2023 d). It differs from P. geua sp. nov. by pedicel with four setae dorsally and four ventrally in P. nutabes sp. nov. (Fig. 2 C) [versus pedicel with two setae dorsally and three ventrally in Pipunculus geua sp. nov. (Fig. 1 C)]; scutellum dark brown (Figs 2 B, D) [versus scutellum dark blue (Figs 1 B, D)]; mid trochanter yellowish brown, hind trochanter brown, gray brown pruinose (versus all trochanters yellowish brown); abdomen dark brown, gray brown pruinose (Figs 2 B, F) [versus abdomen velvety dark blue (Figs 1 B, F)]; syntergosternite 8 equal in length to the tergite 5 (Fig. 2 F) [versus syntergosternite 8 clearly shorter than tergite 5 (Fig. 1 F)]; surstyli 3 × as high as its widest point in dorsal view (Fig. 2 H) [versus surstyli 2 × as high as its widest point in dorsal view (Fig. 1 H)]; apex of phallic guide stout and short, with tip short and not hook-shaped (Fig. 2 L) [versus apex of phallic thin, short and strongly upward curved, gradually tapering towards the apex, with tip short and hook-shaped (Fig. 1 L)]; ejaculatory apodeme mushroom-shaped (Fig. 2 M) [versus ejaculatory apodeme fan-shaped (Fig. 1 M)].	en	Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany, Córdoba-Suarez, Eric, Wolff, Marta (2026): Two new species of Pipunculus Latreille, 1802 (Diptera: Pipunculidae) from Colombia, and an updated key to males of the Neotropical species. Zootaxa 5741 (2): 309-324, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5741.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5741.2.4
6F4D8787FF84CB51FF3B6E96FA6DFD97.taxon	discussion	The following key is adapted from Ramos-Pastrana et al. (2023 d). Figures of Rafael (1991), Skevington & Marshall (1998) and Ramos-Pastrana et al. (2023 d) are found in the appendices.	en	Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany, Córdoba-Suarez, Eric, Wolff, Marta (2026): Two new species of Pipunculus Latreille, 1802 (Diptera: Pipunculidae) from Colombia, and an updated key to males of the Neotropical species. Zootaxa 5741 (2): 309-324, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5741.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5741.2.4
