identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
6F4D8787FF81CB5AFF3B6FB6FA7EFC93.text	6F4D8787FF81CB5AFF3B6FB6FA7EFC93.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pipunculus Latreille 1802	<div><p>Genus Pipunculus Latreille, 1802</p><p>Dorilas Meigen, 1800: 31 . Type species Pipunculus campestris Latreille, 1802 (subsequent designation of Coquillett 1910: 535); Sack, 1935: 15, 44, groups V and VI (partim); Aczél, 1939: 20 (partim); 1940: 151 (partim); 1948: 74 (partim); 1952: 240 (partim); Hardy, 1943: 54 (partim). Suppressed by ICZN, 1963: 339 (Opinion 678).</p><p>Pipunculus Latreille, 1802: 463 .</p><p>Type species Pipunculus campestris Latreille, 1802, (monotype); Becker 1897: 36 group II (partim); 1900: 226 (partim); Verrall, 1901 groups II and III (partim); Cresson, 1911: 296 group II (partim); Rafael, 1991: 1; De Meyer, 1996: 21; Motamedinia et al. 2022: 14. Ramos-Pastrana 2023d.</p><p>Microcera Meigen, 1803: 273 . Type species. Pipunculus campestris Latreille, 1802 (subs. des. of Coquillett, 1910: 569).</p><p>Dorilas (Dorilas) Hardy, 1950; 13 (partim).</p><p>Pipunculus (Pipunculus) Hardy, 1965a: 230 (partim); 1965b: 552 (partim); 1966: 6 (partim); 1972: 10; 1975: 297; 1980: 486.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6F4D8787FF81CB5AFF3B6FB6FA7EFC93	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany;Córdoba-Suarez, Eric;Wolff, Marta	Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany, Córdoba-Suarez, Eric, Wolff, Marta (2026): Two new species of Pipunculus Latreille, 1802 (Diptera: Pipunculidae) from Colombia, and an updated key to males of the Neotropical species. Zootaxa 5741 (2): 309-324, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5741.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5741.2.4
6F4D8787FF81CB5BFF3B6DA2FAE6FA07.text	6F4D8787FF81CB5BFF3B6DA2FAE6FA07.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pipunculus geua Ramos-Pastrana & Córdoba-Suarez & Wolff 2026	<div><p>Pipunculus geua sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1, 3</p><p>Type material. (3 ♂). HOLOTYPE. Male: COLOMBIA, Antioquia, Belmira, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.64528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.6491666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.64528/lat 6.6491666)">Páramo de Sta.[Santa] Inés, El Morro</a>, 06º38'57''N / 75º38'43''W, 3185 m [eters], 21–30.VI.2017, Trampa Malaise Dosel, Proyecto moscas de las flores, A.L. Montoya, C. Rodríguez, JP. Carmona leg., (1 ♂, CEUA–163202) (photographed) . PARATYPES. idem (1 ♂, CEUA–163203); idem 06º38'35''N / 75º40'03''W, 3005 m [eters], 4–14.II.2017, Trampa Malaise suelo (1 ♂, CEUA– 163204) . Holotype with left wing mounted on a microslide with Canada balsam. Left antenna and terminalia placed in a microvial with glycerin, both pinned along the specimen.</p><p>Diagnosis. Male. Antenna brown; postpedicel with acuminate apex. Frontal triangle brown pruinose. Wing with anal lobe narrowed basally. Coxae opaque dark brown. All tibiae with proximal ½ yellowish brown, distal ½ brown and without distinct apical spines. Abdomen ground color velvety dark blue. Syntergosternite 8 with large membranous area. Surstyli subsymmetrical, clearly shorter than epandrium, abruptly thinning at the apex. Apex of phallic thin, short and strongly curved upward, gradually tapering towards the apex, with tip short and hook-shaped. Ejaculatory apodeme fan-shaped.</p><p>Description. MALE (holotype). Body length 3.2. mm. Head (Figs 1A, B). Eyes contiguous for 16 facets. F, EM, V (mm) = 0.3, 0.2, 0.1. Frontal triangle brown pruinose, with conspicuous dark brown callus. Occiput brown, brown pruinose dorsally and upper ½ laterally, gray pruinose in lower ½ laterally and on ventral surface. Antenna (Fig. 1C) dark brown; scape without setae dorsally; pedicel with two setae dorsally and three ventrally; postpedicel with acuminate apex. LPP/WPP = 2. Thorax (Figs 1A–B, D). Postpronotal lobe dark brown, brown pruinose. Scutum dark brown, brown pruinose, with dorsocentral setae; long and brown setae covering basal third and few green and blue metallic sheens centrally. Notopleuron concolorous with scutum. Scutellum dark blue, brown pruinose in proximal ½. Mesopleuron dark brown, gray brown pruinose. Mediotergite concolorous with mesopleuron. Wing (Fig. 1E). Length 5.6 mm. LW/MWW = 3.7; LTC/LFC = 0.5. Membrane brown infuscate; anal lobe narrowed basally. Halter dark brown. Legs (Figs 1A, B). Coxae opaque dark brown, with apices yellowish brown, gray brown pruinose; trochanters yellowish brown; femora shiny, dark brown with bases and apices yellowish brown, ventral ctenidia and a row of long and fine yellow setae posterolaterally; tibiae with proximal ½ yellowish brown, distal ½ brown, without distinct apical spines and outstanding setae anteromedially; mid and hind tibiae with a patch of short and fine setae yellow, giving fluffy appearance in distal two thirds posteriorly, without an acute process posteroapically; tarsomeres 1–2 yellowish brown, 3–4 brown and 5 dark brown; pulvilli yellow. Abdomen (Figs 1A–B, F). Ground color velvety dark blue, with few inconspicuous setae scattered dorsally and laterally, equal in length; tergite 1 entirely brown pruinose dorsally and laterally; tergites 2–5 shiny, dark brown pruinose only in proximal margins dorsally and laterally; tergites and sternites 6 and 7 as in Fig. 1G. Syntergosternite 8 gray brown pruinose, clearly shorter than tergite 5, with large apical membranous area (Fig. 1H). Terminalia (Figs 1G–M). Epandrium and surstyli brown (Fig. 1H). Surstyli (Figs 1H–J) subsymmetrical, clearly shorter than epandrium, with long setae in outer margins. Both surstyli thickened basally, thin apically, abruptly thinning at the apex, with inner margins slightly straight, outer margins clearly sinuous, apex slightly acute, downwards directed in dorsal view (Fig. 1H); left surstylus slightly thinner, longer than right in dorsal view (Fig. 1H); both surstyli with lower and upper margins sinuous, with rounded apex when seen in lateral view (Figs 1I–J). Gonopods asymmetrical; left gonopod thicker and longer than right one (Fig. 1K). Apex of phallic thin, short and strongly upward curved, gradually tapering towards the apex, with tip short and hook-shaped (Fig. 1L). Ejaculatory apodeme fan-shaped (Fig. 1M). Phallus trifid, coiled. Ejaculatory ducts coiled, distinctly separated in distal ½ (Fig. 1L).</p><p>FEMALE. Unknown.</p><p>Geographical distribution. Colombia (Antioquia, Belmira, Santa Inés) (Fig. 3).</p><p>Etymology. Pipunculus geua sp. nov. is named after the acronym of the Grupo de Entomología Universidad de Antioquia ”, in appreciation of its members for their ethical and rigorous work in the study of the diversity of Diptera in Colombia. Treated as a noun in apposition.</p><p>Habitat. The Páramo de Belmira-Santa Inés is located north of the Cordillera Central of the Colombian Andes. This complex reaches up to 3369 m in altitude and covers about 10.621 ha (Correa et al. 2023). According to the Holdridge (1967) life zone classification system, this páramo corresponds to montane rainforest (bp-M).</p><p>Taxonomic notes. Pipunculus geua sp. nov. runs to couplet 10 of P. caeruleus Ramos-Pastrana, Marques &amp; Rafael, 2023 in Ramos-Pastrana et al. (2023d). It differs from P. caeruleus by frontal triangle brown pruinose in Pipunculus geua sp. nov. (versus frontal triangle gray brown pruinose in P. caeruleus); all tibiae with proximal ½ yellowish brown and distal ½ brown (versus at least mid and hind tibiae dark brown with bases and apex yellowish brown); surstyli abruptly thinning at the apex (Fig. 1H) [versus surstily gradually tapering towards the apex (figure 8 in Ramos-Pastrana et al. 2023d)]; ejaculatory apodeme fan-shaped (Fig. 1M) [versus ejaculatory apodeme needle-shaped (figure 13 in Ramos-Pastrana et al. 2023d)]. Because P. nutabes sp. nov. also reaches dichotomy 10 in Ramos-Pastrana et al. (2023d). It differes from P. nutabes sp. nov. by pedicel with two setae dorsally and three ventrally in Pipunculus geua sp. nov. (Fig. 1C) [versus pedicel with four setae dorsally and four ventrally in P. nutabes sp. nov. (Fig. 2C)]; scutellum dark blue (Figs 1B, D) [versus scutellum dark brown (Figs 2B, D)]; all trochanters yellowish brown (versus mid trochanter yellowish brown, hind trochanter brown, gray brown pruinose); abdomen velvety dark blue (Figs 1B, F) [versus abdomen dark brown, gray brown pruinose (Figs 2B, F)]; syntergosternite 8 clearly shorter than tergite 5 (Fig. 1F) [versus syntergosternite 8 equal in length to the tergite 5 (Fig. 2F)]; surstyli 2× as high as its widest point in dorsal view (Fig. 1H) [versus surstyli 3× as high as its widest point in dorsal view (Fig. 2H)]; apex of phallic thin, short and strongly upward curved, gradually tapering towards the apex, with tip short and hook-shaped (Fig. 1L) [versus apex of phallic guide stout and short, with tip short and not hook-shaped (Fig. 2L)]; ejaculatory apodeme fan-shaped (Fig. 1M) [versus ejaculatory apodeme mushroom-shaped (Fig. 2M)].</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6F4D8787FF81CB5BFF3B6DA2FAE6FA07	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany;Córdoba-Suarez, Eric;Wolff, Marta	Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany, Córdoba-Suarez, Eric, Wolff, Marta (2026): Two new species of Pipunculus Latreille, 1802 (Diptera: Pipunculidae) from Colombia, and an updated key to males of the Neotropical species. Zootaxa 5741 (2): 309-324, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5741.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5741.2.4
6F4D8787FF80CB5DFF3B6BEFFBD6F860.text	6F4D8787FF80CB5DFF3B6BEFFBD6F860.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pipunculus nutabes Ramos-Pastrana & Córdoba-Suarez & Wolff 2026	<div><p>Pipunculus nutabes sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 2, 3</p><p>Type material. (1 ♂). HOLOTYPE. Male: COLOMBIA, Antioquia, Belmira, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.64528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.6491666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.64528/lat 6.6491666)">Páramo de Sta.[Santa] Inés, El Morro</a>, 06º38'57''N / 75º38'43''W, 3005 m [eters], 4–14.II.2017, Trampa Malaise Dosel, Proyecto moscas de las flores, A.L. Montoya, C. Rodríguez, JP. Carmona leg., (1 ♂, CEUA–163205) (photographed) . Holotype with left wing mounted on a microslide with Canada balsam. Left antenna and terminalia placed in a microvial with glycerin, both pinned along the specimen.</p><p>Diagnosis. Male. Antenna brown; postpedicel with acuminate apex. Wing with anal lobe narrowed basally. Abdomen velvety dark brown, gray brown pruinose. Syntergosternite 8 equal in length to the tergite 5, with apical membranous area. Surstyli subsymmetrical, slightly shorter than epandrium and gradually tapering towards the apex. Apex of phallic guide stout and short, with tip short and not hook-shaped. Ejaculatory apodeme mushroom-shaped.</p><p>Description. MALE (holotype). Body length 3.2 mm. Head (Figs 2A, B). Eyes contiguous for 15 facets. F, EM, V (mm) = 0.2, 0.2, 0.1. Frontal triangle gray brown pruinose, with conspicuous dark brown callus. Occiput brown, brown pruinose dorsally and upper ½ laterally and ventrally, gray pruinose in lower ½ laterally. Antenna (Fig. 2C) dark brown; scape with two setae dorsally; pedicel with four setae dorsally and four ventrally; postpedicel with acuminate apex. LPP/WPP = 2.4. Thorax (Figs 2A–B, D). Postpronotal lobe dark brown, brown pruinose. Scutum dark brown, brown pruinose, with dorsocentral setae; long and brown setae on basal third. Notopleuron concolorous with scutum and scutellum. Mesopleuron dark brown, gray brown pruinose. Mediotergite concolorous with mesopleuron. Wing (Fig. 2E). Length 5.7 mm. LW/MWW = 4; LTC/LFC = 0.5. Membrane brown infuscate; anal lobe narrowed basally. Halter dark brown. Legs (Figs 2A, B). Coxae opaque dark brown, with apices yellowish brown; fore and mid coxae brown pruinose; hind coxae gray brown pruinose; fore trochanter lost; mid trochanter yellowish brown; hind trochanter brown gray brown pruinose; fore femur lost; mid and hind femora opaque dark brown, gray brown pruinose, with apices yellowish brown, ventral ctenidia and a row of long and fine yellow setae posterolaterally; fore tibia lost; mid and hind tibiae opaque dark brown, with bases and apex yellowish brown, without distinct apical spines and outstanding setae anteromedially; hind tibiae with a patch of short and fine setae yellow, giving fluffy appearance in distal two thirds posteriorly, without an acute process posteroapically; tarsomeres 1–5 dark brown; pulvilli brownish yellow. Abdomen (Figs 2A–B, F). Ground color velvety dark brown, gray brown pruinose, with few inconspicuous setae scattered dorsally and laterally, equal in length; tergite 1 brown pruinose in proximal margin, gray pruinose in central margin, dark brown pruinose in distal margin dorsally and laterally; tergites 2–5 dark brown, brown pruinose dorsally; brown pruinose in proximal ½ and gray pruinose in distal ½ laterally; tergites and sternites 6 and 7 as in Fig. 2G. Syntergosternite 8 dark brown, gray brown pruinose, equal in length to the tergite 5, with large apical membranous area (Fig. 2H). Terminalia (Figs 2G–M). Epandrium and surstyli brown (Fig. 2H). Surstyli (Figs 2H–J) subsymmetrical, slightly shorter than epandrium, with short setae in outer margins. Both surstyli thickened basally, thin apically, gradually tapering towards the apex, with inner and outer margins sinuous, apex slightly acute and downwards directed in dorsal view (Fig. 2H); left surstylus slightly thinner and longer than right, left surstylus with outer margin slightly straight, right surstylus with outer margin clearly sinuous in dorsal view (Fig. 2H); both surstyli with upper margins rounded, lower margins sinuous and acute apex when seen in lateral view (Figs 2I, J). Gonopods subsymmetrical; left gonopod thinner and shorter than right (Fig. 2K). Apex of phallic guide stout and short, with tip short and not hook-shaped (Fig. 2L). Ejaculatory apodeme mushroom-shaped (Fig. 2M). Phallus trifid, coiled, with ejaculatory ducts distinctly separated in distal ½ (Fig. 2L).</p><p>FEMALE. Unknown.</p><p>Geographical distribution. Colombia (Antioquia, Belmira, Santa Inés) (Fig. 3).</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet name is in apposition and refers to the name of the indigenous people “Nutabes” the first inhabitants of the type locality.</p><p>Habitat. same as the previous species.</p><p>Taxonomic notes. Pipunculus nutabes sp. nov. runs to P. caeruleus Ramos-Pastrana, Marques &amp; Rafael, 2023d in Ramos-Pastrana et al. (2023d) in couplet 10 of the key presented by Ramos-Pastrana et al. (2023d). It differs from P. caeruleus by Syntergosternite 8 equal in length to the tergite 5, with small membranous area (Fig. 2B) in Pipunculus nutabes sp. nov. [versus syntergosternite 8 clearly longer than tergite 5, with large membranous area in P. caeruleus (figure 8 in Ramos-Pastrana et al. 2023d)]; apex of phallic guide with tip short and not hook-shaped (Fig. 2L) [versus apex of phallic with tip thin slightly hook-shaped (figure 12 in Ramos-Pastrana et al. 2023d)]; ejaculatory apodeme mushroom-shaped (Figs 2M) [versus ejaculatory apodeme needle-shaped (figure 13 in Ramos-Pastrana et al. 2023d)]. Because P. geua sp. nov. also reaches dichotomy 10 in Ramos-Pastrana et al. (2023d). It differs from P. geua sp. nov. by pedicel with four setae dorsally and four ventrally in P. nutabes sp. nov. (Fig. 2C) [versus pedicel with two setae dorsally and three ventrally in Pipunculus geua sp. nov. (Fig. 1C)]; scutellum dark brown (Figs 2B, D) [versus scutellum dark blue (Figs 1B, D)]; mid trochanter yellowish brown, hind trochanter brown, gray brown pruinose (versus all trochanters yellowish brown); abdomen dark brown, gray brown pruinose (Figs 2B, F) [versus abdomen velvety dark blue (Figs 1B, F)]; syntergosternite 8 equal in length to the tergite 5 (Fig. 2F) [versus syntergosternite 8 clearly shorter than tergite 5 (Fig. 1F)]; surstyli 3× as high as its widest point in dorsal view (Fig. 2H) [versus surstyli 2× as high as its widest point in dorsal view (Fig. 1H)]; apex of phallic guide stout and short, with tip short and not hook-shaped (Fig. 2L) [versus apex of phallic thin, short and strongly upward curved, gradually tapering towards the apex, with tip short and hook-shaped (Fig. 1L)]; ejaculatory apodeme mushroom-shaped (Fig. 2M) [versus ejaculatory apodeme fan-shaped (Fig. 1M)].</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6F4D8787FF80CB5DFF3B6BEFFBD6F860	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany;Córdoba-Suarez, Eric;Wolff, Marta	Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany, Córdoba-Suarez, Eric, Wolff, Marta (2026): Two new species of Pipunculus Latreille, 1802 (Diptera: Pipunculidae) from Colombia, and an updated key to males of the Neotropical species. Zootaxa 5741 (2): 309-324, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5741.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5741.2.4
6F4D8787FF84CB51FF3B6E96FA6DFD97.text	6F4D8787FF84CB51FF3B6E96FA6DFD97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pipunculus Latreille 1802	<div><p>Key to males of the Neotropical species of Pipunculus</p><p>The following key is adapted from Ramos-Pastrana et al. (2023d). Figures of Rafael (1991), Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998) and Ramos-Pastrana et al. (2023d) are found in the appendices.</p><p>1 At least one pair of tibiae with distinct apical spines......................................................... 2</p><p>- All tibiae without distinct apical spines.................................................................... 3</p><p>2 Mid tibiae with distinct apical spines; hind tibiae without distinct apical spines and with an acute process posteroapically; apex of phallic guide with lobe and one row of inconspicuous setae laterally [figure 38 in Ramos-Pastrana et al. (2023d)]; Colombia ................................................. P. planus Ramos-Pastrana, Marques &amp; Rafael, 2023d</p><p>- Mid tibiae without distinct apical spines; hind tibiae with distinct apical spines and without an acute process posteroapically; apex of phallic guide without lobe laterally and with tuff of conspicuous setae apically [figure 33f in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)]; Mexico, USA .......................................................... P. kotaneni Skevington, 1998</p><p>3 Phallic guide with depression apically [figures 27h, 45g in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)].......................... 4</p><p>- Phallic guide without depression apically [Figs 1L, 2L, figures 12, 25 in Ramos-Pastrana et al. (2023d), figures 18f, 24f, 28f, 31f, 40g in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998) and figure 5 in Rafael (1991)]......................................... 5</p><p>4 Both surstyli with inner margins straight and apices slightly inward directed [figure 27d in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)]; ejaculatory apodeme narrow parasol-shaped [figure 27f in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)]; ejaculatory ducts of phallus short, broad and blunt [figure 27e in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)]; Canada, Costa Rica, Mexico, USA ................................................................................................ P. elegantulus Williston, 1892</p><p>- Both surstyli with inner margins curved and apices strongly inward directed [figure 45e in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)]; ejaculatory apodeme strongly fan-shaped [figure 45d in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)]; ejaculatory ducts of phallus long, thin and acute [figure 45f in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)] USA, Mexico .................. P. xanthopodus Williston, 1892</p><p>5 Both surstyli with apices clearly directed outward [figure 18e in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)]; apex of phallic guide with lobe with tip hook shape apically, very similar to the shape of the apex of phallic guide [figure 18f in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)]; Costa Rica, Mexico, USA ............................................... P. abnormis Skevington, 1998</p><p>- Both surstyli with apices never directed outward [Figs 1H, 2H, figures 8, 21 in Ramos-Pastrana et al. (2023d), figures 24e, 28d 31e, 40e in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998) and figure 4 in Rafael (1991)]; apex of phallic guide with lobe with straight tip never hook shaped apically, never similar to the shape of the apex of phallic guide [Figs 1L, 2L, figures 28f, 31f, 40g in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998) and figure 5 in Rafael (1991)] or without lobe ventrally [figure 24f in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)].. 6</p><p>6 Apex of phallic guide with lobe apically [figures 28f, 31f, 40g in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998) and figure 5 in Rafael (1991)]............................................................................................. 7</p><p>- Apex of phallic guide without lobe apically [Figs 1L, 2L, figures 12, 25 in Ramos-Pastrana et al. (2023d) and figure 24f in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)]......................................................................... 10</p><p>7 Ejaculatory ducts of phallus coiled [figures 31g, in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)]................................ 8</p><p>- Ejaculatory ducts of phallus not coiled [figures 28g in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998) and figure 5 Rafael (1991)]......... 9</p><p>8 Both surstyli with inner margins sinuous [figure 40e in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)]; apex of phallic guide with acute lobe apically [figure 40g in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)]; ejaculatory apodeme with side margins rounded [figure 40d in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)]; Argentina, Brazil ..................................... P. rafaeli Skevington, 1998</p><p>- Both surstyli with inner margins straight [figure 31e in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)]; apex of phallic guide with rounded lobe apically [figure 31f in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)]; ejaculatory apodeme with side margins acute [figure 31b in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)]; Canada, Guatemala, Mexico, USA .................................. P. horvathi Kertész, 1907</p><p>9 Surstyli subsymmetric with long setae dorsally and apically [figure 28d in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)]; apex of phallic guide with rounded lobe ventrally and short, thin, and acute lobe apically [figure 28f in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)]; Canada, Mexico, USA ................................................................ P. fuscus Loew, 1866</p><p>- Surstyli asymmetrical with short and fine setae laterally and apically [figure 4 in Rafael (1991)]; apex of phallic guide with triangular lobe ventrally and long, stout and rounded lobe apically [figure 5 in Rafael (1991)]; Argentina, Brazil ..................................................................................... P. ferepauculus Hardy, 1965c</p><p>10 Both surstyli with apices forward directed in lateral view [Figs 1I–J, 2I–J, figures 9, 10 in Ramos-Pastrana et al. (2023d)]; apex of phallic guide without lobe ventrally (Figs 1L, 2L, figure 12 in Ramos-Pastrana et al. (2023d)]; ejaculatory ducts of phallus coiled (Figs 1L, 2L, figure 12 in Ramos-Pastrana et al. (2023d)]............................................... 11</p><p>- Both surstyli with apices downward directed in lateral view [figures 22, 23 in Ramos-Pastrana et al. (2023d) and figure 24a in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)]; apex of phallic guide with lobe ventrally [figure 25 in Ramos-Pastrana et al. (2023d) and figure 24f in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)]; ejaculatory ducts of phallus not coiled [figure 25 in Ramos-Pastrana et al. (2023d) and figure 24g in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)].............................................................. 13</p><p>11 Frontal triangle brown pruinose; all tibiae with proximal ½ yellowish brown and distal ½ brown; surstyli clearly shorter than epandrium in dorsal view (Fig. 1H); surstyli abruptly thinning at the apex (Fig. 1H); apex of phallic guide strongly curved upward (Fig. 1L); ejaculatory apodeme fan-shaped (Fig. 1M); Colombia ............................ P. geua sp. nov.</p><p>- Frontal triangle gray brown pruinose; at least mid and hind tibiae dark brown with bases and apex yellowish brown; surstily slightly shorter than epandrium (Fig 2H; figure 8 in Ramos-Pastrana et al. 2023d); surstily gradually tapering towards the apex (Fig 2H, figure 8 in Ramos-Pastrana et al. 2023d); apex of phallic guide no curved upward (Fig. 2L, figure 12 in Ramos-Pastrana et al. 2023d); ejaculatory apodeme mushroom-shaped (Figs 2M) or needle-shaped [figure 13 in Ramos-Pastrana et al. (2023d)]........................................................................................... 12</p><p>12 Syntergosternite 8 clearly longer than tergite 5, with large membranous area [figure 8 in Ramos-Pastrana et al. (2023d)]; apex of phallic with tip thin slightly hook-shaped [figure 12 in Ramos-Pastrana et al. (2023d)]; ejaculatory apodeme needle-shaped [figure 13 in Ramos-Pastrana et al. (2023d)]; Colombia ......... P. caeruleus Ramos-Pastrana, Marques &amp; Rafael, 2023d</p><p>- Syntergosternite 8 equal in length to the tergite 5, with small membranous area (Fig. 2F); apex of phallic guide with tip short and not hook-shaped (Fig. 2L); ejaculatory apodeme mushroom-shaped (Figs 2M); Colombia ......... P. nutabes sp. nov.</p><p>13 Membranous area large, extending over most of the length of syntergosternite 8 [figure 24c in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)]; left surstylus with apex inward directed [figure 24e in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)]; apex of phallic guide with short lobe ventrally [figure 24f in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)]; ejaculatory apodeme narrowed, needle-shaped [figure 24d in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)]; Canada, Mexico, USA ............................................ P. cingulatus Loew, 1866</p><p>- Membranous area short, only in apical area of syntergosternite 8 [figure 21 in Ramos-Pastrana et al. (2023d)]; left surstylus with apex downward directed [figure 22 in Ramos-Pastrana et al. (2023d)]; apex of phallic guide with large lobe ventrally [figure 25 in Ramos-Pastrana et al. (2023d)]; ejaculatory apodeme wide, fan-shaped [figure 26 in Ramos-Pastrana et al. (2023d)]; Colombia .......................................... P. chiminiguagua Ramos-Pastrana, Marques &amp; Rafael, 2023d</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6F4D8787FF84CB51FF3B6E96FA6DFD97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany;Córdoba-Suarez, Eric;Wolff, Marta	Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany, Córdoba-Suarez, Eric, Wolff, Marta (2026): Two new species of Pipunculus Latreille, 1802 (Diptera: Pipunculidae) from Colombia, and an updated key to males of the Neotropical species. Zootaxa 5741 (2): 309-324, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5741.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5741.2.4
