taxonID	type	description	language	source
6859ED7E0663FFE4FFD7FF637DC1FEF4.taxon	description	Fig. 4 Stout shrubs, 1 – 3 m tall. Stem pubescent, terete; branches brownish-purple. Leaves spirally arranged, rigid, leathery, shortly petioled; lamina elliptic-oblong or lanceolate-acuminate, 5 – 25 × 1.5 – 7.5 cm, coriaceous, irregularly toothed, cuneate or rounded at base, dark green above, scabrid, pale green below, pubescent, dense towards nerves, sometimes glandular, lateral nerves prominent, shorter, with much-reticulated nervation beneath. Corymbs polycephalous. Heads terminal or in upper axillary panicles; capitula crowned with short peduncles, 0.5 – 1.0 cm in diam. Involucral bracts 2 – 4 × 0.5 – 1.0 mm long, 4 - seriate, lax, imbricate, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, brownish, villous to velutinous, sometimes glandular at tip. Ray florets a few, shortly radiate. Disc florets tubular, 5 - toothed. Cypselae narrowly obovate – oblong, 1.5 – 2.0 × 0.25 – 0.5 mm, yellowish brown, sparsely white pubescent, 8 – 10 - ribbed. Pappus uniseriate, bristles 22 – 24, 4 – 5 mm long, cream-golden. Flowering & fruiting: Flowering and fruiting from August to February. Chromosome number: 2 n = 20 (Kumar & Subramaniam, 1987). Habitat: Grows on rocky slopes, between 1700 – 1800 m elevations. Distribution: Bhutan, China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Thailand and Vietnam. Specimens examined: INDIA, Arunachal Pradesh, Anjaw district, Hayuliang, 25.11.1957, R. S. Rao 10807 (CAL); Western side of Kalaktang, on hill slope in open places, 26.10.1973, 54550 (ASSAM). Assam, Notring forest, 10.11.1838, K. Biswas 3849 (CAL); Himachal Pradesh, Shimla district, s. d., s. coll. 237089 (CAL); Shimla, 15.10.1877, Tara Devi 5647 (CAL). Jharkhand, Ranchi district, Kachapahar, 17.12.1957, G. Panigrahi 11936 (ASSAM). Manipur, West Imphal district, Khongal, on the frontier, 12.881, George Watt 6610 (CAL). Meghalaya, East Khasi Hills district, Khasia hills, 5.04.1894, G. A. Gammie 373 (CAL); Khasia hills, 23.10.1913, Upendranath Kanjilal 2836 (CAL); Khasia & Jaintia Hills, 9.11.1915, Upendranath Kanjilal 6169 (CAL); Khasia, 1816, s. coll., 275 (CAL); Khasi hills, 22.10.1871, C. B. Clarke 15582 (CAL); Khasi hills, 28.10.1871, C. B. Clarke 16434 (CAL); Khasi hills, 02.11.1872, Sohan Rai 17785 (CAL); 30 mile from Cherrapunji road, 20.10.1914, Upendranath Kanjilal 4639 (CAL); Near I. B. of Jowai, Khasi & Jaintia Hills, 28.10.1956, G. Panigrahi 4038 (CAL); Between Sorarim and Mawphlong at north facing slope on rocky soils, 17.10.1967, A. S. Rao 45058, 45059 (ASSAM); Khasi hills, s. d., Upendranath Kanjilal 19775 (DD); Khasi hills, 23.10.1913, Upendranath Kanjilal 13342 (DD), 15625 (ASSAM); Khasi hills, 20.10.1914, Upendranath Kanjilal 4639 (DD); Gorge Laithynkot, 09.11.1915, Upendranath Kanjilal 6169 (ASSAM); near Jowai, Khasi & Jaintia Hills, 28.10.1956, G. Panigrahi 4038 (ASSAM); Khasi & Jaintia Hills, 30 miles from Cherrapunji, 20.10.1914, Upendranath Kanjilal 4639 (ASSAM); Khasi & Jaintia Hills near Mynkrem forest, 05.11.1938, G. K. Deka 17175 (ASSAM); Khasi & Jaintia Hills, Heyhliang to Barapani, 25.11.1957, Rolla Sheshagiri Rao 10807, 15621, 15623, 15624 (ASSAM); Umdingpoh, 31 km from Shillong, 03.03.2009, S. Shekhar & A. K. Pandey 10041, 10043, 10127, 10130, 10131 (DUH), East Jaintia Hills district, towards Jaintea, 19.10.1867, s. coll. 5992 (CAL); West Jaintia Hills district, Jowai, 10.1892, King’s Collectors (CAL); Jowai, 28.10.1956, G. Panigrahi 4038 (CAL); s. loc., s. d., S. N. Bal 771 (CAL); s. loc., s. d., A. B. Royle 237088 (CAL); s. loc., s. d., V. Narayanaswami 136 (CAL). Mizoram, Lawngtlai, Blue mountain, 10.11.1999, A. A. Mao 61972 (ASSAM); Ibid., 14.11.1999, A. A. Mao 63611 (ASSAM); Nagaland, Naga Hills district, Kegwinia, Naga hills, 02.10.1885, C. B. Clarke 41144 (CAL); Naga hills, 1886, D. Prain 237068 (CAL); Towards north Naga hills, 12.1907, A. Meebold 6920 (CAL); Naga hills, Dalhousie valley, 1939, N. L. Bhor 90610 (DD); Banrew forest, 06.02.1999, A. A. Mao 106305 (ASSAM). Sikkim, s. loc., 02.1882, J. S. Gamble 10249 (CAL); Near Jowai, 28.10.1956, G. Panigrahi 25515. Uttarakhand, Dehradun district, Sahasradhara, 04.10.1963, S. K. Malhotra 33827 (BSD); on the way to Ghat, Chamoli district, 09.1993, Bipin Balodi 77755 (BSD). West Bengal, Darjeeling district, Mirick lake, 24.10.1841, K. Biswas 5899 (CAL); Kurseong, on the way to Darjeeling, 15.11.1870, C. B. Clarke 13862 (CAL); growing at top of the hills in Kuhi near Mahananda Wildlife Sanctuary, Darjeeling, 10.03.1995, S. Chandra & K. L. Maity 21594 (CAL). Notes: This species is similar to D. cuspidata, but differs in much stouter habit, shorter and stouterpetioles, more rigid leaves with much reticulated nervation beneath and narrower ligules.	en	S., Shekhar, A. K., Pandey, Anderberg, A. A. (2020): The genus Duhaldea (Asteraceae) in India. Rheedea 30 (2): 257-269, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.02.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.02.01
6859ED7E066CFFE5FD47FD137A44FC2A.taxon	description	Flowering & fruiting: Flowering and fruiting from August to October. Habitat: Common along roadsides and often in forests up to 1500 – 2600 m elevation. Distribution: Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand and Vietnam. Specimens examined: INDIA, Arunachal Pradesh, West Kameng district, Selari forest, 15.09.1964, J. Joseph 40008 (CAL); s. loc., 1.10.1926, V. Narayanaswami 236844 (CAL). Manipur, Ukhrul district, Sirohee, 19.09.1948, S. K. Mukherjee 3509 (CAL). Meghalaya, East Khasi Hills district, Cherra road, 17.10.1867, Wallich 6345 (CAL); Khasi, s. d., C. B. Clarke 236863 (CAL); Maophlong, 18.10.1872, Wallich 18590 (CAL). Nagaland, Naga Hills district, Naga Hills, 9.11.1885, C. B. Clarke 41831 (CAL). Uttarakhand, Chamoli district, Tapowan area, 09.1980, B. D. Naithani 70946 (BSD); on the way to Sital, 09.1993, Bipin Balodi 77121, 77178, 77782 (BSD). Dehradun district, Near Mussoorie, 1869, G. King 236850 (CAL); Ibid., 1870, G. King 1026 (CAL); Mussoorie, 7.10.1904, W. Gallan s. n. (DD); Ibid., 1919, K. Biswas 236845 (CAL); Ibid., 09.1927, B. L. Gupta 46107 (DD); on the way to Mussoorie, 04.10.1960, Hari Om Saxena 1335 (DD); Jaunsar, 10.1894, J. S. Gamble 25198 (DD, CAL); Chakrata, 06.1898, J. S. Gamble 27452 (DD); Sahasradhara, Dehra Dun, 8.09.1964, S. K. Malhotra 34842 (BSD); Bindal, Dehra Dun, 01.09.1982, C. R. Babu 40308 (BSD); Kempty fall, Mussoorie; 26.05.2010, S. Shekhar 1073 (DUH); Nainital district, Nanital, 10.10.1828, A. E. Oswaston 1406 (DD); s. loc., 11.02.1853, Duthie 4119 (DD); Kali valley, 16.09.1984, J. F. Duthie 3112 (DD); Pithoragarh district, near Pithoragarh, 16.08.1886, J. F. Duthie 5688 (DD); Mandoli, Garhwal, 27.09.1963, U. C. Bhattacharyya 30832 (BSD); Tehri Garhwal district, Near Ringalgarh, 25.09.1954, K. C. Sahni 21445 (DD); Tehri Garhwal, 10.1881, s. coll. 1748 (DD); Rudraprayag district, on way to Kedarnath, Garhwal, 09.1958, M. A. Rau 8595 (BSD).	en	S., Shekhar, A. K., Pandey, Anderberg, A. A. (2020): The genus Duhaldea (Asteraceae) in India. Rheedea 30 (2): 257-269, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.02.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.02.01
6859ED7E066DFFE6FD47FC307AA1FA35.taxon	description	Flowering & fruiting: Flowering and fruiting from February to October. Habitat: On shady ravines or rocky slopes, rare in sheltered places, ascending up to 1500 – 2500 m elevation. Chromosome number: 2 n = 20 (Kumar & Subramaniam, 1987). Distribution: Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar and Nepal Specimens examined: INDIA, Arunachal Pradesh, West Kameng district, on way to Thungri village, 07.04.1957, G. Panigrahi 6589 (CAL); Thungri village to Rupa, 07.04.1957, G. Panigrahi, 13997, 13998 (ASSAM); Sela pass, along the road side, 21.09.1964, J. Joseph 40228 (CAL). Assam, Sibsagar district, Dullang, 06.04.1895, s. coll. 10492 (CAL). Manipur, s. loc., 1869, G. King 237104 (CAL). Meghalaya, East Khasi Hills district, Bishop’s fall, Shillong, 30.12.1885, C. B. Clarke 42625 (CAL); Khasia, 1873, C. B. Clarke 21894 (CAL); Shillong, 07.04.1886, C. B. Clarke 43346 (CAL); Shillong, Namdu to Sigri, 0 2.04.1958, Rolla Sheshagiri Rao 29955 (ASSAM); 6 km to Seha, 21.09.1964, J. Joseph 39836, 39837, 40228 (ASSAM). Nagaland, Naga Hills district, s. d., F. Kingdom Ward 11121 (CAL). Sikkim, 12.02.1885, G. A. Gammie 1205 (CAL); North Sikkim district, Punkabaree, 23.02.1871, Wallich 13903 (CAL); s. loc., 03.02.1876, G. King 237111 (CAL); s. loc., 04.1878, J. L. Lister 237112 (CAL); s. loc., 1879, G. King 237114 (CAL). Uttarakhand, Dehradun district, Mussoorie, 20.04.1897, P. W. Mackinnon 237101 (CAL); Ravine below Govt. Botanical Garden, Arnigarh, Mussoorie, 11.03.1904, Banwari Lal 33641 (DD); near Dhobhi ghat stream, Mussoorie, 10.04.1948, Robert L. Fleming 100835 (DD); near Kamptee fall, 19.04.1961, Hari Om Saxena 137229 (DD); Mussoorie, 22.04.1961, Hari Om Saxena 137904 (DD); Pauri Garhwal district, Ragsi reserve, North Garhwal, 09.04.1919, A. E. Osmaston 1039 (DD); Garhwal, 20.01.1920, C. F. C. Anon 1039 (CAL); Pithoragarh district, near Lilan, Pithoragarh, 23.04.1965, N. C. Nair 38705, 38706 (BSD); near Garjia, along the road side, Pithoragarh, 14.04.1984, Bipin Balodi 75528 (BSD); s. loc., 23.09.1998, B. P. Uniyal 93532 (BSD).	en	S., Shekhar, A. K., Pandey, Anderberg, A. A. (2020): The genus Duhaldea (Asteraceae) in India. Rheedea 30 (2): 257-269, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.02.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.02.01
6859ED7E066EFFE7FD47FA367846F908.taxon	description	Flowering & fruiting: Flowering and fruiting from October to January. Distribution: Bhutan and India. Notes: Clarke (1876) described this taxon as being very near to I. nervosa, but differs only in having larger heads and leaves rounded at the base. Hooker (1881) stated that he had observed no specimens of this species. The present account is based on the digital image of type specimen housed at K, available online.	en	S., Shekhar, A. K., Pandey, Anderberg, A. A. (2020): The genus Duhaldea (Asteraceae) in India. Rheedea 30 (2): 257-269, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.02.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.02.01
