identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
9147081718015BCB90F2441F1075F6C9.text	9147081718015BCB90F2441F1075F6C9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caridina excavatoides Johnson 1961	<div><p>Caridina excavatoides Johnson, 1961</p><p>Figs 5 E, 14 G, 20</p><p>Caridina excavatoides Johnson, 1961 a: 127, figs 3–11. Type locality a small, slow, stream running between rubber plantations and rice-fields, ~ 9 miles from Alor Star, Kedah, on the Pokok Sena Road, Malaysia.</p><p>Caridina excavatoides — Wowor et al. 2004: 343, fig. 7 t, u; Cai et al. 2007: 294, figs 11, 12.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Seven lots (see Suppl. material 1: Data S 1).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Cephalothorax and cephalic appendage (n = 7). cl 2.36–3.59 (median 2.76; Fig. 20 A, B) mm, width 1.88–2.92 (median 2.21) mm. Rostrum curved down and slightly recurved near the tip (Fig. 20 A, C), reaching near the end of second segment of antennular peduncle (Fig. 20 B), 0.55–0.68 (median 0.63) as long as cl. Rostral formula: (3–5) 13–20 / 2–5. Antennal spine placed below inferior orbital angle (Fig. 20 A, B), fused with, or slightly separated from orbital margin. Pterygostomian margin broadly round. Eye well developed, anterior end reaching to 0.37–0.72 (median 0.62) of first segment of antennular peduncle. Antennular peduncle 0.72–0.89 (median 0.81) as long as cl, first segment 1.13–1.61 (median 1.31) × as long as second segment, second segment 1.46–2.08 (median 1.69) × as long as third segment. Tooth on distolateral margin of first segment of antennular peduncle acute and well developed. Stylocerite reaching to 0.74–0.82 (median 0.79) of first segment of antennular peduncle. Scaphocerite 3.13–3.77 (median 3.36) × as long as wide, distal margin with short plumose setae.</p><p>Branchial and mouthparts (n = 3). Podobranch on second maxilliped well developed. Third maxilliped possessed two small arthrobranchs. Pleurobranchs present on all pereopods. Third maxilliped reaching to end of second segment of antennular peduncle; ultimate segment of endopod ending with one large claw and 8–12 spiniform setae on distal 1 / 3 of posterior margin, 0.90–1.04 (median 0.94, n = 7) × as long as penultimate segment.</p><p>Pereopods (n = 7). Epipod well developed on first two pereopods, or sometimes reduced on second pereopod, absent in last three pereopods. Chelae of P 1 and P 2 well developed.</p><p>P 1 short (Fig. 20 E) chela 2.24–2.72 (median 2.47) × as long as wide, 1.11–1.45 (median 1.18) × as long as carpus, tips of fingers rounded, with tuft of setae near tip; dactylus 1.39–1.97 (median 1.57) × as long as palm; carpus excavated distally, 2.39–3.30 (median 2.89) × as long as wide, 1.39–1.60 (median 1.46) × as long as merus; merus 2.16–3.04 (median 2.36) × as long as wide, 0.90–1.09 (median 0.97) × as long as ischium.</p><p>P 2 slenderer and longer than P 1 (Fig. 20 F); chela 3.68–4.53 (median 3.87) × as long as wide, 0.71–0.79 (median 0.76) as long as carpus, tips of fingers rounded, with tuft of setae near tip; dactylus 1.42–1.66 (median 1.56) × as long as palm; carpus slender, 6.82–8.51 (median 7.24) × as long as wide, 1.59–1.95 (median 1.77) × as long as merus; merus 3.91–5.85 (median 4.58) × as long as wide, 0.79–1.05 (median 0.93) × as long as ischium.</p><p>P 3 not sexually dimorphic (Fig. 20 H); dactylus with 6–8 spiniform setae on flexor margin (Fig. 20 G), 4.11–5.18 (median 4.32) × as long as wide (including terminal claw), terminating with one large claw; propodus bearing numerous spiniform setae on posterior margin, 11.19–14.68 (median 11.97) × as long as wide, 2.91–3.70 (median 3.17) × as long as dactylus; carpus possessed 3–5 setae on posterior margin of outer surface, the distal seta largest, the other setae minute, 5.13–7.45 (median 5.44) × as long as wide, 0.49–0.59 (median 0.56) as long as propodus; merus possessed three large setae on posterior margin of outer surface, 7.16–9.55 (median 9.01) × as long as wide, 1.80–2.44 (median 2.05) × as long as carpus; ischium with one spiniform seta.</p><p>P 5 slender (Fig. 20 J); dactylus with 58–66 spiniform setae on flexor margin (Fig. 20 I), 4.70–6.87 (median 5.17) × as long as wide (including terminal claw), terminating with one large claw; propodus bearing numerous spiniform setae on posterior margin, 12.66–17.35 (median 14.47) × as long as wide, 2.39–3.28 (median 2.55) × as long as dactylus; carpus possessed 3–4 (mode 3) setae on posterior margin of outer surface, the distal seta largest, the other setae minute, margin of outer surface, 4.67–6.39 (median 5.44) × as long as wide, 0.46–0.48 (median 0.47) × as long as propodus; merus possessed three large setae on posterior margin of outer surface, 6.88–8.33 (median 7.60) × as long as wide, 1.61–2.08 (median 1.70) × as long as carpus; ischium without spiniform seta.</p><p>Male pleopods (n = 6). Pl 1 endopod subtriangular (Fig. 20 O), wider proximally, 2.01–2.78 (median 2.38) × as long as width, 0.28–0.31 (median 0.30) of exopod length, without appendix interna. Pl 2 appendix masculina rod-shaped (Fig. 20 P), with many setae, 0.64–0.73 (median 0.69) as long as endopod; appendix interna very slender, reaching 0.68–0.75 (median 0.71) of appendix masculina length.</p><p>Abdomen (n = 7). Sixth abdominal somite ~ 0.53–0.83 (median 0.71) of cl, 1.59–1.91 (median 1.69) × as long as fifth somite, 0.75–0.96 (median 0.83) as long as telson (Fig. 20 A). Telson 2.81–4.03 (median 3.34; Fig. 20 N) × as long as wide, with three or four pairs of dorsal spiniform setae and one pair of dorsolateral spiniform setae; distal margin rounded without posteromedian projection and 6–8 moveable plumose setae, the lateral pair longest (Fig. 20 M). Preanal carina with a spine (Fig. 20 L). Uropodal diaeresis with 10–15 moveable spiniform setae (Fig. 20 K).</p><p>Embryos. Ovigerous females with 54–106 embryos (mean 75, n = 5). Size of embryos with eyes 0.59–0.70 × 0.36–0.43 mm (n = 50).</p><p>Coloration.</p><p>Body translucent, decorated with scattered blue stripes and dark spots on cephalothorax and abdomen. Rostrum translucent. Embryos brown (Fig. 14 G).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Malaysia, Indonesia (Sumatra), and Thailand (Johnson 1961 a; Cai et al. 2007; this study). Caridina excavatoides is uncommon in southern Thailand, where it can be found in the southern region of the peninsula (Fig. 5 E). This species inhabits shallow water of streams or wetlands, where it lives on submerged root systems of riparian plants, typically over sandy or muddy bottom substrate.</p><p>Phylogenetic placement.</p><p>The molecular analyses indicated that C. excavatoides is monophyletic (BS = 100 %, BPP = 1.00; Fig. 4) and placed it in the C. laevis group. It is sister to a clade of C. temasek and C. tambralinga sp. nov. (BS = 92 %, BPP = 1.00).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The morphology of C. excavatoides in our collection fits well with its original description and the previous work in terms of the shape of the rostrum, the rostral formula: (3–5) 13–20 / 2–5 vs (3–6) 10–17 / 2–4 (Johnson 1961 a; Cai et al. 2007), P 2 chela (3.87–4.53 × as long as wide vs 4.0 or&gt; 4.00; Johnson 1961 a; Cai et al. 2007), P 2 carpus (6.82–8.51 × as long as wide vs 7.00–7.80; Johnson 1961 a; Cai et al. 2007), spiniform setae on P 5 dactylus (58–66 vs 50–60; Johnson 1961 a; Cai et al. 2007), three or four pairs of dorsal spiniform setae on telson (vs 3 pairs; Cai et al. 2007), same number of plumose setae on the distal telson (3 or 4 pairs; Johnson 1961 a; Cai et al. 2007), spiniform setae on uropodal diaeresis (12–15 vs 12–13; Johnson 1961 a; Cai et al. 2007), and the embryo size (0.59–0.70 × 0.36–0.43 mm vs 0.60–0.78 × 0.40–0.48 mm; Cai et al. 2007).</p><p>However, C. excavatoides in our collection possesses a slenderer P 5 dactylus (4.70–6.87 vs 4.2; Cai et al. 2007), slenderer P 5 propodus (12.66–17.35 × as long as wide vs 11.00; Cai et al. 2007). The preanal carina of our specimens has a conspicuous spine (vs preanal carina low, without spine; Cai et al. 2007).</p><p>Some individuals of C. excavatoides are similar to C. johnsoni . However, they can be distinguished from each other by their rostral shape and the second pereopod. The rostrum of C. excavatoides is slightly to moderately curved downward, then again curved upward near the tip, whereas that of C. johnsoni is notably narrow, not strongly curved downward, and not recurved upward near the tip. Caridina excavatoides also possesses a slenderer P 2 chela (3.68–4.53 × as long as wide vs 2.72–3.28) and P 2 carpus (6.82–8.51 × as long as wide vs 5.42–6.79) than those of C. johnsoni .</p><p>This species also resembles C. temasek, but they differ by several characters. Caridina excavatoides possesses slenderer P 3 dactylus (4.11–5.18 × as long as wide vs 3.89–4.17), and longer telson (2.81–4.03 × as long as wide vs 2.46–2.99). Finally, the endopod of the male Pl 1 of C. excavatoides lacks an appendix interna, but it is present in C. temasek .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9147081718015BCB90F2441F1075F6C9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Macharoenboon, Kongkit;von Rintelen, Thomas;Klotz, Werner;Sutcharit, Chirasak;Siriwut, Warut;Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai	Macharoenboon, Kongkit, von Rintelen, Thomas, Klotz, Werner, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Siriwut, Warut, Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai (2026): A taxonomic review of the freshwater shrimp genus Caridina H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Decapoda, Atyidae) from southern Thailand, with descriptions of five new species. ZooKeys 1292: 1-126, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1292.193168
A1F06A391B5F59A99F727E4A4DDF7FAD.text	A1F06A391B5F59A99F727E4A4DDF7FAD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caridina gracilipes De Man 1892	<div><p>Caridina gracilipes De Man, 1892</p><p>Figs 5 D, 14 D, 16</p><p>Caridina Wyckii var. gracilipes De Man, 1892: 387, pl. 24 figs 29–29 e. Type locality “ Celebes, aus dem Flusse von Maros ” [= river near Maros, Sulawesi]; “ Celebes, Makassar, im Wasser eines Reisfeldes ” [= Makassar, Sulawesi]; “ Celebes, aus einem kleinen, mit dem Meere nicht in Verbindung stehenden Bache zu Balangnipa ” [= small stream near Balangnipa, which is not connected with the ocean, Sulawesi]; “ Celebes, Palima, aus dem Tjenrana, in Brackwasser ” [= Cenrana River, Palima, Sulawesi]; “ Celebes, Pampanua, aus dem Tjenrana ” [= Cenrana River, Pampanua, Sulawesi]; “ Saleyer, aus dem Flusse Bonéa " [= Bonea River, Selayar].</p><p>Caridina wycki var. gracilipes — Bouvier 1904: 130; Schenkel 1902: 498.</p><p>Caridina nilotica gracilipes — De Man 1908 b: 270, fig. 7 a, b; Kemp 1918 b: 275; Yu 1936: 88; Yu 1938: 277, figs 1, 2; Ueno 1935: 272, fig. 2; Yu 1974: 52, figs 2, 3; Liang and Zheng 1988: 15; Liang and Zhou 1993: 231; Liang 2004: 198 (in part).</p><p>Caridina gracilipes — Wowor et al. 2004: 341, fig. 6 c, d; Cai and Shokita 2006 b: 250; Mariappan and Richard 2006: 9, figs 5–7; Cai et al. 2007: 284; Cai 2014: 208, figs 1–3; Richard and Clark 2014: 310, figs 4, 5; de Mazancourt et al. 2018 a: 1438, fig. 6; Cai 2020: 1407, figs 1–3; Annawaty et al. 2022: 346, fig. 5 a – h.</p><p>Caridina nilotica var. bengalensis De Man, 1908 a: 226 . Type locality brackish ponds at Port Canning and at Dhappa, near Calcutta.</p><p>Caridina nilotica var. bengalensis — De Man 1908 b: 265, pl. XX, fig. 6 a, b; Kemp 1915: 307; Kemp 1918 b: 275; Bouvier 1925: 246.</p><p>Caridina bengalensis — Mariappan and Richard 2006: 17, figs 8–11.</p><p>Caridina acuticaudata Dang, 1975: 70, fig. 4. Type locality “ Hòa bình (B ắc Vi ệt nam) ” [= Hoa Binh, North Vietnam].</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>12 lots (see Suppl. material 1: Data S 1).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Cephalothorax and cephalic appendage (n = 10). cl 4.12–5.39 (median 4.77; Fig. 16 A, C) mm, width 3.06–4.50 (median 4.14) mm. Rostrum (Fig. 16 A, C) straight or slightly curved downward in its proximal 1 / 2, then upcurved anteriorly, ending in bifid, reaching beyond the end of third segment of antennular peduncle (Fig. 16 B), not longer than 2 × of cl, 1.05–1.38 (median 1.16) × as long as cl. Rostral formula: (1–2) 14–21 + 0–1 / 13–17, dorsal teeth placed from the base to the middle of rostrum, subapical teeth sometimes present. Antennal spine placed below inferior orbital angle. Pterygostomian margin round. Eye well developed, anterior end reaching to 0.60–0.82 (median 0.72) of first segment of antennular peduncle. Antennular peduncle 0.72–0.97 (median 0.82; Fig. 16 A – C) as long as cl, first segment 1.43–2.52 (median 1.74) × as long as second segment, second segment 1.42–2.39 (median 1.69) × as long as third segment. Tooth on distolateral margin of first segment of antennular peduncle acute and well developed. Stylocerite reaching to 0.68–0.89 (median 0.77) of first segment of antennular peduncle. Scaphocerite 3.38–4.09 (median 3.59) × as long as wide, distal margin with short plumose setae.</p><p>Branchial and mouthparts (n = 3). Podobranch on second maxilliped well developed. Third maxilliped possessed one small and one large arthrobranch. Pleurobranchs present on all pereopods. Third maxilliped reaching to the end of second segment of antennular peduncle; ultimate segment of endopod ending with one large claw, eight to eleven spiniform setae on distal 1 / 3 of posterior margin, 0.76–0.96 (median 0.89, n = 10) as long as penultimate segment.</p><p>Pereopods (n = 10). Epipod well developed on first four pereopods. Chelae of P 1 and P 2 well developed.</p><p>P 1 short (Fig. 16 D); chela 1.67–2.31 (median 2.19) × as long as wide, 1.23–1.87 (median 1.47) × as long as carpus, tips of fingers rounded with tuft of setae near tip; dactylus 0.84–1.47 (median 1.22) × as long as palm; carpus stout, excavated distally, 1.98–3.10 (median 2.31) × as long as wide, 0.70–1.09 (median 0.90) × as long as merus; merus 2.70–4.11 (median 3.16) × as long as wide, 1.15–1.61 (median 1.35) × as long as ischium.</p><p>P 2 slenderer (Fig. 16 E), longer than P 1; chela 1.95–2.82 (median 2.56) × as long as wide, 0.70–0.88 (median 0.79) as long as carpus, tips of fingers rounded, with tuft of setae near tip; dactylus 1.02–1.76 (median 1.25) × as long as palm; carpus slender, 5.24–6.66 (median 6.05) × as long as wide, 1.03–1.52 (median 1.13) × as long as merus; merus 5.03–6.67 (median 6.20) × as long as wide, 0.92–1.50 (median 1.15) × as long as ischium.</p><p>P 3 not sexually dimorphic (Fig. 16 G); dactylus with 6–10 (mode 7) spiniform setae on flexor margin (Fig. 16 F), 3.82–5.30 (median 4.35) × as long as wide (including terminal claw), terminating with one large claw; propodus with numerous setae on lateral and posterior margin, 14.16–16.95 (median 15.17) × as long as wide, 4.33–5.74 (median 5.22) × as long as dactylus; carpus with 3–5 (mode 4) setae on posterior margin of outer surface, the distal spine largest, other setae minute, 5.28–7.45 (median 6.90) × as long as wide, 0.51–0.62 (median 0.58) as long as propodus; merus possessed 2–5 (mode 4) large setae on posterior margin of outer surface, 7.50–10.13 (median 9.67) × as long as wide, 1.80–2.53 (median 1.97) × as long as carpus; ischium with one spiniform seta.</p><p>P 5 slender (Fig. 16 I); dactylus with 47–64 spiniform setae on flexor margin (Fig. 16 H), 4.33–6.41 (median 5.33) × as long as wide (including terminal claw), terminating with one large claw; propodus with numerous setae on posterior margin, 17.34–19.73 (median 18.04) × as long as wide, 3.92–4.89 (median 3.54) × as long as dactylus; carpus with 1–3 (mode 2, 3) setae on posterior margin of outer surface, the distal spine largest, other setae minute, 5.51–7.37 (median 5.17) × as long as wide, 0.42–0.56 (median 0.50) as long as propodus; merus possessed two large setae on posterior margin of outer surface, 8.23–9.89 (median 9.44) × as long as wide, 1.51–1.94 (median 1.63) × as long as carpus; ischium without spiniform seta.</p><p>Male pleopods (n = 10). Pl 1 endopod subtriangular (Fig. 16 N), wider proximally, 2.22–2.97 (median 2.52) × as long as wide, 0.22–0.27 (median 0.23) of exopod length, with or without appendix interna. Pl 2 appendix masculina rod-shaped (Fig. 16 O), slender, with many setae, 0.43–0.63 (median 0.58) as long as endopod; appendix interna reaching 0.72–0.95 (median 0.77) of appendix masculina.</p><p>Abdomen (n = 10). Sixth abdominal somite, 0.62–0.88 (median 0.71) of cl, 1.44–1.99 (median 1.79) × as long as fifth somite, 0.84–0.98 (median 0.90) as long as telson (Fig. 16 A). Telson 3.20–4.40 (median 3.89; Fig. 16 M) × as long as wide, with four or five pairs (mode 5) of dorsal spiniform setae and one pair of dorsolateral spiniform setae; distal margin subtriangular, with posteromedian projection, 7–9 moveable plumose setae, lateral setae longest, middle seta shortest (Fig. 16 L). Preanal carina large, high, with a large spine (Fig. 16 K). Uropodal diaeresis with 10–15 moveable spiniform setae (Fig. 16 J).</p><p>Embryos. Ovigerous females with 524–1,127 embryos (mean 853, n = 10). Size of embryos with eyes 0.38–0.44 × 0.22–0.29 mm (n = 50).</p><p>Coloration.</p><p>The body and rostrum quite translucent. Cephalic region darker than the other parts. Embryos brown (Fig. 14 D).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>India, Thailand, China, Vietnam, Taiwan, the Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia (Sulawesi, Selayar, Lombok, and Australia (Kemp 1918 b; Cai and Shokita 2006 b; Richard and Clark 2014; Cai 2014; de Mazancourt et al. 2018 a; this study). This species is rarely encountered in southern Thailand. Its geographical distribution includes the coastal areas along both the western and eastern sides of the peninsula (Fig. 5 D). Caridina gracilipes is commonly found in brackish water, streams, and ponds that undergo tidal influence. Individuals are commonly found among aquatic vegetation or beneath leaf litter along the banks.</p><p>Phylogenetic placement.</p><p>The molecular analyses supported the monophyly of C. gracilipes (BS = 99 %, BPP = 1.00; Fig. 3) and placed it in the C. nilotica species group as sister to C. brachydactyla, although with moderate support (BS = 74 %, BPP = 0.77).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The morphology of C. gracilipes from southern of Thailand is largely consistent with previous studies. The comparison of some significant characters between our specimens and those from previous reports is as follows: the rostral teeth formula: (1–2) 14–21 + 0 – 1 / 13–17 vs (1–3) 10–27 + 1 – 3 / 7–18 (De Man 1908 b; Kemp 1918 b; Richard and Clark 2014; de Mazancourt et al. 2018 a; Cai 2020); rostrum length (1.05–1.38 × as long as cl vs 0.80–1.50; Richard and Clark 2014; de Mazancourt et al. 2018 a), P 1 chela (1.67–2.31 × as long as wide vs 1.8–2.7; Kemp 1918 b; Richard and Clark 2014; de Mazancourt et al. 2018 a; Cai 2020); P 1 carpus (1.98–3.10 × as long as wide vs 1.8–2.6; De Man 1908 b; Richard and Clark 2014; de Mazancourt et al. 2018 a; Cai 2020), P 2 chela (1.95–2.82 × as long as wide vs 2.3–3.2; Richard and Clark 2014; de Mazancourt et al. 2018 a; Cai 2020), P 2 carpus (5.24–6.66 × as long as wide vs 4.4–6.3; Richard and Clark 2014; de Mazancourt et al. 2018 a); P 3 dactylus (3.82–5.30 × as long as wide vs 2.5–5.1; De Man 1908 b; Kemp 1918 b; Richard and Clark 2014; de Mazancourt et al. 2018 a), spiniform setae on P 3 dactylus (6–9 vs 7–11; De Man 1908 b; Kemp 1918 b; Richard and Clark 2014; de Mazancourt et al. 2018 a; Cai 2020); P 5 dactylus (4.33–6.41 × as long as wide vs 4.4–6.6; de Mazancourt et al. 2018 a), spiniform setae on P 5 dactylus (47–64 vs 34–70; De Man 1908 b; Kemp 1918 b; Richard and Clark 2014; de Mazancourt et al. 2018 a; Cai 2020), moveable setae on uropodal diaeresis (10–15 vs 8–13; Richard and Clark 2014; de Mazancourt et al. 2018 a), and embryo size (0.38–0.44 × 0.22–0.29 mm vs 0.32–0.46 × 0.18–0.27 mm; Richard and Clark 2014; de Mazancourt et al. 2018 a).</p><p>Nevertheless, our specimens bear a relatively longer P 3 propodus (4.33–5.74 × as long as dactylus vs 2.9–4.5; Kemp 1918 b; de Mazancourt et al. 2018 a; Cai 2020); longer P 5 propodus (3.92–4.89 × as long as dactylus vs 2.7–3.8; Kemp 1918 b; Richard and Clark 2014; Cai 2020), and slightly stouter Pl 1 endopod (2.22–2.97 × as long as wide vs 3.0–3.5; Richard and Clark 2014).</p><p>The presence of an appendix interna on the Pl 1 endopod has been used as a diagnostic character to separate C. gracilipes from C. bengalensis De Man, 1908 . The specimens possessing an appendix interna have been identified as C. gracilipes, whereas those lacking it have been assigned to C. bengalensis (Cai and Shokita 2006 b; Mariappan and Richard 2006). However, Richard and Clark (2014) reexamined the type series of C. gracilipes deposited in Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden. Interestingly, males of both morphotypes (with and without an appendix interna on Pl 1) were found together in the type lot. This implied that the presence or absence of an appendix interna on the Pl 1 endopod cannot be used as a reliable diagnostic character to separate C. gracilipes and C. bengalensis from each other. In the absence of any stable diagnostic character, Richard and Clark (2014) thus considered C. bengalensis to be a junior synonym of C. gracilipes . Subsequent studies have likewise treated both character states — presence and absence of an appendix interna on the endopod of Pl 1 — as intraspecific variation observed within C. gracilipes (Cai et al. 2007; Cai 2014; Richard and Clark 2014; de Mazancourt et al. 2018 a). Our observations are consistent with this interpretation, as both character states were found intermixed among the examined populations in this study.</p><p>Among the three species of the C. nilotica species group occurring in southern Thailand, C. gracilipes is most similar to C. macrophora . Based on our specimens, C. gracilipes differs from C. macrophora by having a larger body size (cl of ovigerous female 4.12–5.39 mm vs 2.87–3.61 mm), much smaller embryos (0.38–0.44 × 0.22–0.29 mm vs 0.79–0.98 × 0.49–0.60 mm), higher preanal carina and with a conspicuous spine (vs low preanal carina and without a spine), and telson with posteromedian projection at the distal margin (vs rounded distal margin and without a posteromedian projection).</p><p>Caridina gracilipes can also be distinguished from C. peninsularis, another similar species encountered in southern Thailand, by the absence of dorsal teeth beyond the proximal 1 / 2 of the rostrum (vs dorsal teeth present throughout the dorsal margin or at least beyond the proximal 1 / 2 of the rostrum), having a spine on preanal carina (vs spine absence), and higher number of spiniform setae on P 5 dactylus (47–64 vs 30–42).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A1F06A391B5F59A99F727E4A4DDF7FAD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Macharoenboon, Kongkit;von Rintelen, Thomas;Klotz, Werner;Sutcharit, Chirasak;Siriwut, Warut;Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai	Macharoenboon, Kongkit, von Rintelen, Thomas, Klotz, Werner, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Siriwut, Warut, Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai (2026): A taxonomic review of the freshwater shrimp genus Caridina H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Decapoda, Atyidae) from southern Thailand, with descriptions of five new species. ZooKeys 1292: 1-126, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1292.193168
62FA0673CB9751FB8AB1BE78A066AA09.text	62FA0673CB9751FB8AB1BE78A066AA09.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caridina gracilirostris De Man 1892	<div><p>Caridina gracilirostris De Man, 1892</p><p>Fig. 5 C</p><p>Caridina gracilirostris De Man, 1892: 399–404 (in part), pl. 25, fig. 31 a – c. Type locality “ Celebes, aus dem Flusse bei Maros ” [= river near Maros, Sulawesi, Indonesia]. De Man (1892) collected specimens from various locations in Sulawesi, Indonesia. Cai and Ng (2007) subsequently designated a lectotype and paralectotypes using materials collected from the river near Maros, Sulawesi, Indonesia.</p><p>Caridina gracilirostris — Kemp 1918 b: 282; Blanco 1935: 32, figs 11–17; Riek 1953: 121; Holthuis 1965: 23 (in part); Holthuis 1978: 35 (in part); Johnson 1961 a: 124, figs 1, 2; Richard and Chandran 1994: 242; Chace 1997: 10 (in part); Jalihal and Shenoy 1998: 128; Cai and Ng 2001: 674, fig. 7; Naiyanetr 2007: 34; de Mazancourt et al. 2019 a: 166, 169–170; de Mazancourt et al. 2020: 12, figs 2 e, 4, 25 a; Cai and Naiyanetr 2024: 773.</p><p>Caridina pseudogracilirostris Thomas, Pillai &amp; Pillai, 1973: 871, fig. 1. Type locality “ Cochin Backwater ” [= Kochi Backwaters, Kerala, India].</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>None.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Cambodia, Singapore, Taiwan, Japan, Philippines, Fiji, Palau, India, and Madagascar (Cai and Ng 2007; de Mazancourt et al. 2020; Cai and Naiyanetr 2024).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Caridina gracilirostris was reported from several regions in Thailand, including the Chao Phraya and Mae Klong basins, as well as several drainages emptying into the Andaman Sea on the western side of southern Thailand (Cai and Naiyanetr 2024). Despite a report from southern Thailand (Cai and Naiyanetr 2024), no specimens were collected during the extensive surveys in the present study.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/62FA0673CB9751FB8AB1BE78A066AA09	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Macharoenboon, Kongkit;von Rintelen, Thomas;Klotz, Werner;Sutcharit, Chirasak;Siriwut, Warut;Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai	Macharoenboon, Kongkit, von Rintelen, Thomas, Klotz, Werner, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Siriwut, Warut, Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai (2026): A taxonomic review of the freshwater shrimp genus Caridina H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Decapoda, Atyidae) from southern Thailand, with descriptions of five new species. ZooKeys 1292: 1-126, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1292.193168
0EAEE97427A65D2DA10D582FA66696DE.text	0EAEE97427A65D2DA10D582FA66696DE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caridina gracillima Lanchester 1902	<div><p>Caridina gracillima Lanchester, 1902</p><p>Figs 5 C, 14 B, 14 C, 15</p><p>Caridina gracillima Lanchester, 1902: 560, pl. 34, fig. 1. Type locality “ Inland Sea near Singora ” [= Songkhla Lake system, southern Thailand].</p><p>Caridina gracillima — Bouvier 1905: 72, pl. 39; Kemp 1918 b: 285.</p><p>Caridina gracilima [sic] — Cai and Ng 2007: 1592, fig. 3; Cai and Naiyanetr 2024: 777.</p><p>Caridina gracilirostris [non De Man, 1892] — Johnson 1961 a: 124 (in part).</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>49 lots (see Suppl. material 1: Data S 1).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Cephalothorax and cephalic appendage (n = 10). cl 3.37–4.57 (median 4.02; Fig. 15 A, C) mm, width 2.50–3.16 (median 2.81) mm. Rostrum very long and strongly curved upward (Fig. 15 A, C), ending in bifid, reaching beyond end of the third segment of antennular peduncle (Fig. 15 B), 1.56–2.13 (median 1.76) × as long as cl. Rostral formula: (0–2) 6–11 + 1–4 / 19–34, subapical teeth always present. Antennal spine placed below inferior orbital angle. Pterygostomian margin subrectangular. Eye well developed, anterior end reaching to 0.47–0.82 (median 0.67) of first segment of antennular peduncle. Antennular peduncle 0.72–0.89 (median 0.78; Fig. 15 A – C) as long as cl, first segment 1.73–2.46 (median 2.09) × as long as second segment, second segment 1.20–1.57 (median 1.43) × as long as third segment. Tooth on distolateral margin of first segment of antennular peduncle acute and well developed. Stylocerite reaching to 0.74–0.90 (median 0.79) of first segment of antennular peduncle. Scaphocerite 3.20–4.14 (median 3.74) × as long as wide, distal margin with short plumose setae.</p><p>Branchial and mouthparts (n = 3). Podobranch on second maxilliped well developed. Third maxilliped possessed one small and one large arthrobranch. Pleurobranchs present on all pereopods. Third maxilliped reaching to end of second segment of antennular peduncle; ultimate segment of endopod ending with one large claw and seven to ten spiniform setae on distal 1 / 3 of posterior margin, 0.63–0.83 (median 0.73, n = 10) as long as penultimate segment.</p><p>Pereopods (n = 10). Epipod well developed on first four pereopods. Chelae of P 1 and P 2 well developed.</p><p>P 1 short (Fig. 15 D); chela of first pereopod 1.88–2.16 (median 2.00) × as long as wide, 1.37–1.80 (median 1.51) × as long as carpus, tips of fingers rounded, with tuft of setae near tip; dactylus 1.06–1.58 (median 1.20) × as long as palm; carpus stout, excavated distally, 1.49–2.00 (median 1.57) × as long as wide, 0.98–1.16 (median 1.07) × as long as merus; merus 2.14–2.57 (median 2.30) × as long as wide, 1.00–1.38 (median 1.14) × as long as ischium.</p><p>P 2 slenderer and longer than P 1 (Fig. 15 E); chela of second pereopod 1.91–2.54 (median 2.16) × as long as wide, 0.79–0.98 (median 0.88) as long as carpus, tips of fingers rounded, with tufts of setae near tip; dactylus 1.13–1.58 (median 1.23) × as long as palm; carpus slender, 3.53–4.70 (median 4.10) × as long as wide, 1.01–1.33 (median 1.25) × as long as merus; merus 3.75–4.69 (median 4.14) × as long as wide, 1.05–1.52 (median 1.27) × as long as ischium.</p><p>P 3 not sexually dimorphic (Fig. 15 G); dactylus with 6–8 (mode 7) spiniform setae on flexor margin (Fig. 15 F), 2.75–3.82 (median 3.53) × as long as wide (including terminal claw), terminating with one large claw; propodus bearing numerous spiniform setae on posterior margin, 12.36–15.20 (median 13.86) × as long as wide, 4.49–5.77 (median 4.90) × as long as dactylus; carpus possessed 2–4 (mode 3) setae on posterior margin of outer surface, the distal seta largest, the other setae minute, 5.49–6.89 (median 6.06) × as long as wide, 0.50–0.63 (median 0.54) as long as propodus; merus possessed three or four (mode 3) large setae on posterior margin of outer surface, 8.61–10.72 (median 9.26) × as long as wide, 1.87–2.50 (median 2.19) × as long as carpus; ischium with one spiniform seta.</p><p>P 5 slender (Fig. 15 I); dactylus with 35–48 spiniform setae on flexor margin (Fig. 15 H), 3.15–4.08 (median 3.61) × as long as wide (including terminal claw), terminating with one large claw; propodus bearing numerous spiniform setae on posterior margin, 13.64–18.69 (median 16.23) × as long as wide, 3.83–5.08 (median 4.43) × as long as dactylus; carpus possessed 1–4 setae on posterior margin of outer surface, the distal seta largest, the other setae minute, 4.45–6.82 (median 5.74) × as long as wide, 0.41–0.53 (median 0.46) as long as propodus; merus possessed two large setae on posterior margin of outer surface, 8.31–9.59 (median 9.04) × as long as wide, 1.52–1.94 (median 1.83) × as long as carpus; ischium without spiniform seta.</p><p>Male pleopods (n = 10). Pl 1 endopod slender (Fig. 15 O), wider proximally, 2.31–3.31 (median 2.46) × as long as wide, 0.25–0.30 (median 0.27) of exopod length, without appendix interna. Pl 2 appendix masculina rod-shaped with many setae (Fig. 15 P), 0.49–0.57 (median 0.54) as long as endopod; appendix interna very slender, reaching 0.77–0.92 (median 0.81) of appendix masculina length.</p><p>Abdomen (n = 10). Sixth abdominal somite ~ 0.80–0.96 (median 0.90) of cl, 1.80–2.23 (median 1.95) × as long as fifth somite, 0.80–1.09 (median 0.95) × as long as telson (Fig. 15 A). Telson very slender, 4.43–5.02 (median 4.69; Fig. 15 N) × as long as wide, with 3–5 (mode 4) pairs of dorsal spiniform setae and one pair of dorsolateral spiniform setae; distal margin round without posteromedian projection and 2–6 (mode 4) moveable plumose setae, the lateral pair longer than the median pair (Fig. 15 L, M). Preanal carina large, with a spine (Fig. 15 K) or without a spine (rarely found). Uropodal diaeresis slender, with 6–10 moveable spiniform setae (Fig. 15 J).</p><p>Embryos. Ovigerous females with 300–799 embryos (mean 504, n = 10). Size of embryos with eyes 0.35–0.43 × 0.21–0.28 mm (n = 50).</p><p>Coloration.</p><p>Body rather translucent, usually with a lateral thick purple brown or brown line running from cephalic region to the end of abdomen. Rostrum gold to medium brown. Cephalic region furnished with a few small yellow spots. Embryos yellowish orange to gold (Fig. 14 B, C).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>southern Thailand and Malaysia (Sabah) (Klotz et al. 2024; this study). Caridina gracillima is widespread throughout southern Thailand (Fig. 5 C). This species inhabits various habitats such as lowland rivers, reservoirs, lakes, and estuaries. The shrimps are found living on aquatic vegetation along the banks.</p><p>Phylogenetic placement.</p><p>The molecular analyses recovered C. gracillima as monophyletic (BS = 100 %, BPP = 1.00; Fig. 3) and placed it as a sister to C. wilsoni (BS = 94 %, BPP = 0.98).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Lanchester (1902) mentioned the type locality of C. gracillima as either “ Tale Sap ” or “ Thale Nawi ”. That author further specified that “ Tale Sap ” was an “ inland sea located just north of the town of Singora ” [= area recognized as the present day Mueang District, Songkhla Province, Thailand] and that of “ Thale Nawi ” was a lake at its head. Based on this historical demonstration, “ Tale Sap ” is definitively identified as Songkhla Lake, while “ Thale Nawi ” represents an alternative romanization of Thale Noi, a protected freshwater wetland complex situated immediately north of the Songkhla Lake. Since the label can only narrow the collecting area to these two water bodies, the precise type locality cannot be further resolved. Consequently, the definitive type locality for this specimen should be designated as the general area, the entire Songkhla Lake system (including Thale Sap and Thale Noi areas; Fig. 1).</p><p>Caridina gracillima is distinct from other Thai Caridina species in having a very long and strongly upcurved rostrum. The morphology of C. gracillima observed in this study is congruent with previous investigations in terms of the shape of rostrum, dorsal teeth (6–11 vs 5–10; Lanchester 1902; Kemp 1918 b; Cai and Ng 2007), scaphocerite (3.20–4.14 × as long as wide vs 3.5–4; Kemp 1918 b; Cai and Ng 2007), P 1 chela (1.88–2.16 × as long as wide vs 2.2; Cai and Ng 2007), P 1 carpus (1.49–2.00 × as long as wide vs 1.6; Cai and Ng 2007), P 2 carpus (3.53–4.70 × as long as wide vs 4.2; Cai and Ng 2007), spiniform setae on P 3 dactylus (6–8 vs 6–9; Lanchester 1902; Cai and Ng 2007), P 3 dactylus (2.75–3.82 × as long as wide vs 3.5; Cai and Ng 2007), spiniform setae on P 5 dactylus (35–48 vs 30–47; Lanchester 1902; Cai and Ng 2007), P 5 dactylus (3.15–4.08 × as long as wide vs 4; Cai and Ng 2007), sixth abdominal somite (0.80–0.96 × as long as cl vs 0.8; Cai and Ng 2007), sixth abdominal somite (1.80–2.23 × as long as the fifth abdominal somite vs 1.9; Cai and Ng 2007), spiniform setae on uropodal diaeresis (6–10 vs 6–10; Kemp 1918 b; Cai and Ng 2007).</p><p>However, our detailed examination of topotypes and other material from southern Thailand revealed some different morphological traits that contradict with the previous studies. Most notably, the number of ventral rostral teeth in our C. gracillima specimens is significantly higher (19–34 vs 12–24; Lanchester 1902; Kemp 1918 b; Cai and Ng 2007). Most of C. gracillima specimens in the present study possesses a distinctive spine on its preanal carina, with very rare cases lacking a spine (vs always lacking a spine in previous reports; Cai and Ng 2007; Klotz et al. 2024). Moreover, the embryo size of our specimens is much smaller compared to previous reports (0.35–0.43 × 0.21–0.28 mm vs 0.55–0.70 × 0.35–0.45 mm; Kemp 1918 b; Cai and Ng 2007), particularly when compared to the lectotype (vs 0.58 × 0.42 mm; Cai and Ng 2007).</p><p>Caridina gracillima is very similar to C. gracilirostris . Unfortunately, we failed to obtain specimens of C. gracilirostris to compare their morphology. Previous documents distinguish C. gracillima from C. gracilirostris based on several key characters, including a shorter rostrum, fewer ventral teeth, fewer spiniform setae on uropodal diaeresis, absence of spine on preanal carina, and slightly larger embryos (Lanchester 1902; Kemp 1918 b; Bouvier 1925; Cai and Ng 2007). However, our result suggests that these characters overlap considerably between C. gracillima and C. gracilirostris, indicating that the two species cannot be reliably separated using the currently established morphological criteria. Furthermore, the similarity between C. gracillima and C. gracilirostris is also found in other characters, including the rostral formula: (0–2) + 6–10 + 1–4 / 19–34 vs (0–1) + 5–9 + 1–2 / 21–35 (de Mazancourt et al. 2020), rostrum length (1.56–2.13 × as long as cl vs 1.3–2.6; Cai and Ng 2007; de Mazancourt et al. 2020), P 1 chela (1.88–2.16 × as long as wide vs 1.9–2.9; de Mazancourt et al. 2020), P 1 dactylus (1.06–1.58 × as long as wide vs 0.7–1.3; de Mazancourt et al. 2020), P 1 carpus (1.49–2.00 × as long as wide vs 1.5–1.9; de Mazancourt et al. 2020), P 2 chela (1.91–2.54 × as long as wide vs 2.0–2.5; de Mazancourt et al. 2020), P 2 dactylus (1.13–1.58 × as long as wide vs 1.1–1.8; de Mazancourt et al. 2020), P 2 carpus (3.53–4.70 × as long as wide vs 3.2–5.1; de Mazancourt et al. 2020), spiniform setae on P 3 dactylus (6–8 vs 7–10; de Mazancourt et al. 2020), P 3 dactylus (2.75–3.82 × as long as wide vs 3.3–3.8; de Mazancourt et al. 2020), P 5 dactylus (3.15–4.08 × as long as wide vs 4.0–4.4; de Mazancourt et al. 2020), spiniform setae on P 5 dactylus (35–48 vs 26–47; Cai and Ng 2007; de Mazancourt et al. 2020), spiniform setae on uropodal diaeresis (6–10 vs 6–11; Cai and Ng 2007; de Mazancourt et al. 2020), and embryo size (0.35–0.43 × 0.20–0.28 mm vs 0.34–0.43 × 0.19–0.26 mm; de Mazancourt et al. 2020).</p><p>The molecular analysis in the present study confirmed that C. gracillima and C. gracilirostris (Fig. 3) are distinct species, a conclusion reinforced by their allopatric distribution. Caridina gracillima is restricted to mainland Southeast Asia, whereas C. gracilirostris is widely distributed across the Indo – Pacific region (Cai and Ng 2007; de Mazancourt et al. 2020). An additional comparative morphology study is still essential to fully resolve and define their species boundaries.</p><p>Caridina gracillima is almost identical to C. wilsoni in terms of the rostrum shape, rostral formula: (0–2) + 6–11 + 1–4 / 19–34 vs (0–1) + 6–9 + 1 / 19–35, and the proportion in appendage segments (Klotz et al. 2024). This morphological similarity was reflected in the phylogenetic results, which placed them together as a sister clade with high support (BS = 100 %, BPP = 1.00; Fig. 3). However, C. gracillima differs from C. wilsoni in having more spiniform setae on the P 5 dactylus (35–48 vs 21–35), and a smaller embryo size (0.35–0.43 × 0.21–0.28 mm vs 0.59–0.66 × 0.34–0.43; Klotz et al. 2024).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0EAEE97427A65D2DA10D582FA66696DE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Macharoenboon, Kongkit;von Rintelen, Thomas;Klotz, Werner;Sutcharit, Chirasak;Siriwut, Warut;Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai	Macharoenboon, Kongkit, von Rintelen, Thomas, Klotz, Werner, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Siriwut, Warut, Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai (2026): A taxonomic review of the freshwater shrimp genus Caridina H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Decapoda, Atyidae) from southern Thailand, with descriptions of five new species. ZooKeys 1292: 1-126, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1292.193168
0CC5256A65655868AB70513F5A5673F2.text	0CC5256A65655868AB70513F5A5673F2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caridina H. Milne Edwards 1837	<div><p>Genus Caridina H. Milne Edwards, 1837</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Caridina typus H. Milne Edwards, 1837</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0CC5256A65655868AB70513F5A5673F2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Macharoenboon, Kongkit;von Rintelen, Thomas;Klotz, Werner;Sutcharit, Chirasak;Siriwut, Warut;Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai	Macharoenboon, Kongkit, von Rintelen, Thomas, Klotz, Werner, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Siriwut, Warut, Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai (2026): A taxonomic review of the freshwater shrimp genus Caridina H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Decapoda, Atyidae) from southern Thailand, with descriptions of five new species. ZooKeys 1292: 1-126, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1292.193168
4516C949DABA5247A930263BE1A33402.text	4516C949DABA5247A930263BE1A33402.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caridina johnsoni Cai, Ng & Choy 2007	<div><p>Caridina johnsoni Cai, Ng &amp; Choy, 2007</p><p>Figs 5 F, 23 B, 24</p><p>Caridina johnsoni Cai et al., 2007: 301, figs 15, 16. Type locality Lower Peirce Reservoir, north arm, Singapore.</p><p>Caridina johnsoni — Cai and Naiyanetr 2024: 785.</p><p>Caridina propinqua [non De Man, 1908] — Ng 1990: 200 (in part).</p><p>Caridina tonkinensis [non Bouvier, 1919] — Johnson 1961 a: 133, figs 16–20; Johnson 1965: 8; Ng 1990: 200; Ng and Choy 1990: 16.</p><p>Caridina aff. tonkinensis [non Bouvier, 1919] — Wowor et al. 2004: 343, fig. 7 m – o.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>28 lots (see Suppl. material 1: Data S 1).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Cephalothorax and cephalic appendage (n = 10). cl 2.83–3.34 (median 3.10; Fig. 24 A, C) mm, width 2.02–2.86 (median 2.41) mm. Rostrum relatively narrow (Fig. 24 A, C), slightly curved downward, often reaching near the 1 / 2 - length of second segment of antennular peduncle (Fig. 24 B), 0.62–0.75 (median 0.68) as long as cl. Rostral formula: (2–5) 13–20 / 0–3. Antennal spine placed below inferior orbital angle, fused with, or slightly separated from orbital margin. Pterygostomian margin round. Eye well developed, anterior end reaching to 0.49–0.68 (median 0.61) of first segment of antennular peduncle. Antennular peduncle 0.73–0.91 (median 0.83; Fig. 24 A – C) as long as cl, first segment 1.40–2.12 (median 1.76) × as long as second segment, second segment 1.47–2.10 (median 1.69) × as long as third segment. Tooth on distolateral margin of first segment of antennular peduncle acute and well developed. Stylocerite reaching to 0.73–0.88 (median 0.77) of first segment of antennular peduncle. Scaphocerite 3.03–3.70 (median 3.46) × as long as wide, distal margin with short plumose setae.</p><p>Branchial and mouthparts (n = 3). Podobranch on second maxilliped well developed. Third maxilliped possessed two small arthrobranchs. Pleurobranchs present on all pereopods. Third maxilliped reaching to end of second segment of antennular peduncle; ultimate segment of endopod ending with one large claw and 7–12 spiniform setae on distal 1 / 3 of posterior margin, 0.73–0.88 (median 0.80, n = 10) as long as penultimate segment.</p><p>Pereopods (n = 10). Epipods well developed on first pereopod, slightly reduced in second pereopod, strongly reduced in third pereopod, and absent in last two pereopods. Chelae of P 1 and P 2 well developed.</p><p>P 1 short (Fig. 24 E); chela 1.94–2.54 (median 2.23) × as long as wide, 1.16–1.47 (median 1.30) × as long as carpus, tips of fingers rounded, with tuft of setae near tip; dactylus 1.38–1.92 (median 1.60) × as long as palm; carpus excavated distally, 2.20–3.45 (median 2.70) × as long as wide, 1.06–1.39 (median 1.25) × as long as merus; merus 2.33–2.85 (median 2.57) × as long as wide, 0.95–1.12 (median 1.01) × as long as ischium.</p><p>P 2 slenderer, longer than P 1 (Fig. 24 F); chela 2.72–3.28 (median 3.00) × as long as wide, 0.72–0.82 (median 0.79) × as long as carpus, tips of fingers rounded, with tuft of setae near tip; dactylus 1.26–1.65 (median 1.56) × as long as palm; carpus slender, 5.42–6.79 (median 6.00) × as long as wide, 1.21–1.91 (median 1.54) × as long as merus; merus 3.44–5.35 (median 4.57) × as long as wide, 0.92–1.10 (median 1.02) × as long as ischium.</p><p>P 3 not sexually dimorphic (Fig. 24 H); dactylus with 4–6 (mode 6) spiniform setae on flexor margin (Fig. 24 G), 3.33–4.88 (median 4.56, n = 9) × as long as wide (including terminal claw), terminating with one large claw; propodus bearing numerous spiniform setae on posterior margin, 9.66–14.09 (median 11.87, n = 9) × as long as wide, 3.10–3.95 (median 3.38, n = 9) × as long as dactylus; carpus possessed four setae on posterior margin of outer surface, the distal seta largest, the other setae minute, 4.94–6.26 (median 5.64, n = 9) × as long as wide, 0.52–0.61 (median 0.55, n = 9) as long as propodus; merus possessed four large setae on posterior margin of outer surface, 7.93–9.27 (median 8.70, n = 9) × as long as wide, 2.02–2.29 (median 2.10, n = 9) × as long as carpus; ischium with one spiniform seta.</p><p>P 5 slender (Fig. 24 J); dactylus with 50–62 spiniform setae on flexor margin (Fig. 24 I), 4.35–6.34 (median 5.34) × as long as wide (including terminal claw), terminating with one large claw; propodus bearing numerous spiniform setae on posterior margin, 12.39–16.94 (median 14.90) × as long as wide, 2.52–2.83 (median 2.73) × as long as dactylus; carpus possessed four setae on posterior margin of outer surface, the distal seta largest, the other setae minute, 4.13–5.85 (median 5.03) × as long as wide, 0.42–0.49 (median 0.47) as long as propodus; merus possessed two large setae on posterior margin of outer surface, 7.17–8.62 (median 7.71) × as long as wide, 1.61–1.86 (median 1.73) × as long as carpus; ischium without a spiniform seta.</p><p>Male pleopods (n = 10). Pl 1 endopod subtriangular (Fig. 24 O), wider proximally, 2.27–2.92 (median 2.61) × as long as wide, 0.23–0.27 (median 0.26) of exopod length, without appendix interna. Pl 2 appendix masculina rod-shaped (Fig. 24 P), with many setae, 0.48–0.61 (median 0.50) as long as endopod; appendix interna very slender, reaching 0.79–0.99 (median 0.87) of appendix masculina length.</p><p>Abdomen (n = 10). Sixth abdominal somite ~ 0.62–0.81 (median 0.68) of cl, 1.66–2.03 (median 1.85) × as long as fifth somite, 0.80–0.96 (median 0.87) as long as telson (Fig. 24 A). Telson 3.16–4.15 (median 3.60; Fig. 24 L) × as long as wide, with three pairs of dorsal spiniform setae and one pair of dorsolateral spiniform setae; distal margin rounded without posteromedian projection, with one median plumose seta and six or seven moveable plumose setae, the lateral pair longest (Fig. 24 M). Preanal carina various in shape (Fig. 24 L): (1) blunt with a few setae, (2) stout with a spine, and (3) subtriangular. Uropodal diaeresis with 11–15 moveable spiniform setae (Fig. 24 K).</p><p>Embryos. Ovigerous females with 77–118 embryos (mean = 91, n = 5). Size of embryos with eyes 0.62–0.73 × 0.38–0.45 mm (n = 50).</p><p>Coloration.</p><p>Body translucent, with brown stripes and dark spots. Rostrum translucent. Embryos brown (Fig. 23 B).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Vietnam, Thailand, Singapore, and Indonesia (Cai et al. 2007; Cai and Naiyanetr 2024; this study). Caridina johnsoni is widespread throughout southern Thailand (Fig. 5 F). This species inhabits various habitats such as lowland rivers, brackish water, streams, reservoirs, ponds, and lakes. It can be found living on aquatic vegetation along the banks.</p><p>Phylogenetic placement.</p><p>The molecular analyses showed C. johnsoni as monophyletic (BS = 98 %, BPP = 1.00; Fig. 4), being sister to C. takkola sp. nov. (BS = 100 %, BPP = 1.00; Fig. 4).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>While the original description of C. johnsoni states that its preanal carina lacks a spine (Cai et al. 2007), our observations revealed morphological variation in this feature. Some individuals from southern Thailand possessed a spine on the preanal carina, whereas others from the same geographic area exhibited an unarmed preanal carina. Molecular analyses confirmed that these two forms represent the same species.</p><p>Caridina johnsoni in our collection also shows some variation with respect to the original description by Cai et al. (2007) by having slightly stouter P 1 chela (1.94–2.54 × as long as wide vs 2.6), stouter P 2 chela (2.72–3.28 × as long as wide vs 4), fewer plumose setae on telson (3–4 pairs vs 4–8 pairs), and slightly larger embryos (0.62–0.73 × 0.38–0.45 mm vs 0.6 × 0.4 mm). Other than those characters, our specimens were morphologically consistent with the original description, which are the feature of rostrum (narrow, reaching between the second segment of antennular peduncle), rostral formula: (2–5) + 13–20 / 0–3 vs (3–4) + 10–17 / 0–4), P 1 dactylus (1.38–1.92 × as long as palm vs 1.5), P 1 carpus (2.20–3.45 × as long as wide vs 2.9), P 2 dactylus (1.26–1.65 × as long as palm vs 1.6), P 2 carpus (3.44–5.35 × as long as wide vs 4), spiniform setae on P 3 dactylus (4–6 vs 6–7), P 3 dactylus (3.33–4.88 × as long as wide vs 4.6), spiniform setae on P 5 dactylus (50–62 vs 55–69), P 5 dactylus (4.35–6.34 × as long as wide vs 5.2), sixth abdominal somite (0.62–0.81 as long as cl vs 0.7), telson (3.16–4.15 × as long as wide vs 3.4), spiniform setae on uropodal diaeresis (11–15 vs 11–13).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4516C949DABA5247A930263BE1A33402	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Macharoenboon, Kongkit;von Rintelen, Thomas;Klotz, Werner;Sutcharit, Chirasak;Siriwut, Warut;Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai	Macharoenboon, Kongkit, von Rintelen, Thomas, Klotz, Werner, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Siriwut, Warut, Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai (2026): A taxonomic review of the freshwater shrimp genus Caridina H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Decapoda, Atyidae) from southern Thailand, with descriptions of five new species. ZooKeys 1292: 1-126, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1292.193168
0DB0C50F30415C87892C07A453B865ED.text	0DB0C50F30415C87892C07A453B865ED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caridina kottelati Cai & Naiyanetr 2024	<div><p>Caridina kottelati Cai &amp; Naiyanetr, 2024</p><p>Fig. 5 E</p><p>Caridina kottelati Cai &amp; Naiyanetr, 2024: 790, fig. 8. Type locality southern Thailand: Narathiwat Province, stream ~ 2 km south of Ban Bu Ke Ta on road to Ban Sac, 5°49'24.7"N, 101°52'18.9"E.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>None</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Thailand. This species inhabits streams draining into the Golok River, the southeasternmost river forming the border between Thailand and Malaysia (Cai and Naiyanetr 2024).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>In this study, we failed to obtain specimens of C. kottelati . Based on the original description provided by Cai and Naiyanetr (2024), the rostrum of C. kottelati is straight and extends to approximately the end of the antennular peduncle, with a rostral formula of (3–4) 13–14 / 3–5. Together with other key characters, such as the epipods (only present on P 1 and P 2) and the number of spiniform setae on uropodal diaeresis, these features suggest that this species likely belongs to the C. laevis species group. Further molecular analyses, however, are essential to confirm this preliminary placement.</p><p>Caridina kottelati is also notable for its very large embryos (up to 0.95 × 0.60 mm). Its distribution is also restricted to a few streams draining into the Golok River (Cai and Naiyanetr 2024). These two characteristics indicate C. kottelati as a landlocked species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0DB0C50F30415C87892C07A453B865ED	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Macharoenboon, Kongkit;von Rintelen, Thomas;Klotz, Werner;Sutcharit, Chirasak;Siriwut, Warut;Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai	Macharoenboon, Kongkit, von Rintelen, Thomas, Klotz, Werner, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Siriwut, Warut, Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai (2026): A taxonomic review of the freshwater shrimp genus Caridina H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Decapoda, Atyidae) from southern Thailand, with descriptions of five new species. ZooKeys 1292: 1-126, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1292.193168
4AED56D6A27B58AEB0E860EF5CA147E6.text	4AED56D6A27B58AEB0E860EF5CA147E6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caridina kuehnei Macharoenboon & von Rintelen & Klotz & Sutcharit & Siriwut & Jeratthitikul 2026	<div><p>Caridina kuehnei sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 5 B, 8 F, 11, 12</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype. Thailand • ovigerous ♀, cl 3.41 mm; Krabi Province, Khlong Thom District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.2598&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.923" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.2598/lat 7.923)">Thom Stream (connected to Emerald Pool)</a>; 7.9230°N, 99.2598°E; MUMNH -CAR 438-H, coll. K. Macharoenboon, E. Jeratthitikul &amp; N. Wutthituntisil, 14 June 2022 . Paratypes. Thailand • 12 ♀, cl 2.38–3.40 mm; same data as for holotype; MUMNH -CAR 438-F 1 to F 6, F 8, CAR 438- P 1, coll. K. Macharoenboon, E. Jeratthitikul &amp; N. Wutthituntisil, 14 June 2022, ZMB 29671-1, ZMB 29671-2, and ZMB 32388-2, ZMB 29672-3, coll. J. Kühne, 2012 • 9 ♂, cl 2.19–2.70 mm; MUMNH -CAR 438-M 1 to M 6 coll. K. Macharoenboon, E. Jeratthitikul &amp; N. Wutthituntisil, 14 June 2022, ZMB 29672-1, ZMB 29672-2, ZMB 32388-3, coll. J. Kühne, 2012 .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Cephalothorax and cephalic appendage (n = 7). cl 2.43–3.65 (median 3.02; Fig. 11 A, C) mm, width 2.54–2.81 (median 2.73) mm. Rostrum slightly pointed downward (Fig. 11 A – C), reaching near the end of second segment of antennular peduncle (Fig. 11 B), 0.39–0.54 (median 0.51) as long as cl. Rostral formula: (3–4) 10–16 / 1–4, dorsal teeth usually placed throughout dorsal margin. Antennal spine placed slightly below inferior orbital angle or fused with orbital angle. Pterygostomian margin acute or subrectangular, rarely with a minute spine. Eye well developed, anterior end reaching to 0.57–0.76 (median 0.67) of first segment of antennular peduncle. Antennular peduncle 0.51–0.71 (median 0.65; Fig. 11 A – C) as long as cl, first segment 1.98–2.67 (median 2.26) × as long as second segment, second segment 1.08–1.50 (median 1.21) × as long as third segment. Tooth on distolateral margin of first segment of antennular peduncle well developed. Stylocerite reaching to 0.71–0.83 (median 0.81) of first segment of antennular peduncle. Scaphocerite 2.47–3.10 (median 2.68) × as long as wide, distal margin with short plumose setae.</p><p>Branchial formula (n = 7). Podobranch on second maxilliped well developed. Third maxilliped possessed one small and one large arthrobranchs. Pleurobranchs present on all pereopods.</p><p>Mouthparts (n = 3). Mandible without palp (Fig. 12 E); incisor process possessed with 4–6 irregular teeth, and two rows of setae placed along inner margin; molar process truncated. Lower lacinia of maxillula subrectangular (Fig. 12 F), with many rows of plumose setae; upper lacinia elongate, inner margin straight, with numerous conical setae and distal setae; palp elongate, with one conical seta and few distal setae. Scaphognathite of maxilla wide anteriorly and tapering posteriorly (Fig. 12 C), ending in a tuft of setae and short marginal setae placed along proximal triangular process; anterior margin with long plumose setae; palp slender; upper and middle endites subdivided with many rows of marginal setae; lower endite partly fused with middle endite, with relatively longer marginal setae.</p><p>Palp of first maxilliped triangular (Fig. 12 D), ending in slender triangular projection and with few plumose setae; caridean lobe broad, with marginal plumose setae; exopod well developed with distally marginal plumose setae; ultimate and penultimate segments of endopod indistinctly divided, with marginal setae. Ultimate and penultimate segments of endopod of second maxilliped incompletely divided (Fig. 12 B), inner margin of ultimate and penultimate segments with simple and pappose setae; exopod long and slender, with a tuft of long setae at the tip. Third maxilliped with epipod (Fig. 12 A), reaching to end of second segment of antennular peduncle; ultimate segment of endopod ending with one large claw and four to six spiniform setae on distal 1 / 3 of posterior margin, 0.90–1.11 (median 1.02, n = 4) × as long as penultimate segment.</p><p>Pereopods (n = 6). Epipod well developed on first four pereopods. Chelae of first and second pereopods well developed.</p><p>P 1 short (Fig. 11 E); chela 1.83–1.98 (median 1.85) × as long as wide, 1.39–1.82 (median 1.42) × as long as carpus, tips of fingers rounded, with tuft of setae near tip; dactylus 0.92–1.15 (median 0.95) × as long as palm; carpus stout, excavated distally, 1.39–1.70 (median 1.56) × as long as wide, 0.81–1.00 (median 0.96) × as long as merus; merus 2.27–2.60 (median 2.43) × as long as wide, 1.25–1.77 (median 1.50) × as long as ischium.</p><p>P 2 slenderer, longer than P 1 (Fig. 11 F); chela 2.33–2.65 (median 2.56) × as long as wide, 0.78–0.88 (median 0.83) as long as carpus, tips of fingers rounded, with tuft of setae near tip. Dactylus 1.12–1.89 (median 1.38) × as long as palm; carpus slender, 4.44–5.54 (median 5.21) × as long as wide, 1.07–1.25 (median 1.09) × as long as merus; merus 4.63–5.15 (median 4.93) × as long as wide, 1.31–1.85 (median 1.51) × as long as ischium.</p><p>P 3 not sexually dimorphic (Fig. 11 H); dactylus with four spiniform setae on flexor margin (Fig. 11 G), 2.63–3.50 (median 3.11) × as long as wide (including terminal claw), terminating with one large claw; propodus bearing numerous spiniform setae on posterior margin, 9.02–11.25 (median 9.62) × as long as wide, 3.29–5.07 (median 4.33) × as long as dactylus; carpus possessed three or four setae on posterior margin of outer surface, the distal seta largest, the other setae minute, 4.29–5.67 (median 4.78) × as long as wide, 0.57–0.76 (median 0.63) as long as propodus; merus possessed three or four large setae on posterior margin of outer surface, 5.99–7.97 (median 7.23) × as long as wide, 2.00–2.60 (median 2.12) × as long as carpus; ischium with one spiniform seta.</p><p>P 5 slender (Fig. 11 J); dactylus with 22–34 spiniform setae on flexor margin (Fig. 11 I), 3.15–4.50 (median 3.79) × as long as wide (including terminal claw), terminating with one large claw; propodus bearing numerous spiniform setae on posterior margin, 11.07–14.20 (median 12.26) × as long as wide, 3.33–4.43 (median 3.97) × as long as dactylus; carpus possessed 1–4 (mode 3) large setae on posterior margin of outer surface, 4.70–5.68 (median 5.01) × as long as wide, 0.45–0.67 (median 0.50) as long as propodus; merus possessed two large setae on posterior margin of outer surface, 6.71–7.76 (median 7.06) × as long as wide, 1.57–1.97 (median 1.79) × as long as carpus; ischium without spiniform seta.</p><p>Male pleopods (n = 6). Pl 1 endopod subtriangular (Fig. 12 K), wider proximally, 2.14–2.71 (median 2.21) × as long as width, 0.31–0.51 (median 0.39) of exopod length, with appendix interna emerged near the tip. Pl 2 appendix masculina rod-shaped (Fig. 12 L), with many long setae, 0.58–0.64 (median 0.59) as long as endopod; appendix interna reaching 0.75–0.89 (median 0.83) of appendix masculina length.</p><p>Abdomen (n = 6). Sixth abdominal somite ~ 0.45–0.54 (median 0.52) of cl, 1.26–1.72 (median 1.43) × as long as fifth somite, 0.74–1.00 (median 0.84) × as long as telson (Fig. 11 A). Telson 2.39–2.88 (median 2.68; Fig. 12 I) × as long as wide, with three to five pairs of dorsal spiniform setae and one pair of dorsolateral spiniform setae; distal margin subtriangular with a tiny posteromedian projection and with eight plumose setae, lateral pairs strongly longer than the intermediate pair (Fig. 12 J). Preanal carina rounded to subtriangular, with a few setae, without a spine (Fig. 12 G). Uropodal diaeresis with 15–19 moveable spiniform setae (Fig. 12 H), outermost spiniform seta shorter than lateral angle.</p><p>Embryos. Ovigerous females with 18–26 embryos (mean 20, n = 5). Size of embryos with eyes 0.92–1.07 × 0.54–0.67 mm (n = 50).</p><p>Coloration.</p><p>Body dark grayish blue, furnished with numerous small red and orange spots. Rostrum pastel gray. Cephalic region and upper abdominal somite darker than the other parts. Each abdominal somite dorsally decorated with conspicuous light transverse bands. Embryos greenish black (Fig. 8 F).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Thailand. This new species is currently known only from the type locality (Fig. 5 B), where specimens were collected from submerged root systems of riparian plants in a stream connected to the Emerald Pool, a famous isolated freshwater spring in Krabi Province.</p><p>Phylogenetic placement.</p><p>The molecular analyses show C. kuehnei sp. nov. to be monophyletic (BS = 91 %, BPP = 0.99; Fig. 2) as part of the C. sumatrensis species group.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name, C. kuehnei sp. nov., is given in honor of Mr. Jens Kühne, a resident of Thailand who first collected this new species and other material, thus making a substantial contribution to the study of freshwater shrimps in Thailand.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species is very similar to C. maeklongensis in having a short rostrum, stout P 1 and P 2 chelae, the same number of spiniform setae on P 5 dactylus and uropodal diaeresis, the reduced posteromedian projection, and producing a few very large-sized embryos. However, C. kuehnei sp. nov. possesses fewer spiniform setae on P 3 dactylus (4 vs 5–7 in C. maeklongensis). Furthermore, their geographic distributions are allopatric. The occurrence of the new species is currently restricted to a single stream in southern Thailand, whereas C. maeklongensis is found exclusively within the Mae Klong Basin, western part of Thailand (Macharoenboon et al. 2024).</p><p>Caridina kuehnei sp. nov. also resembles C. sumatrensis . However, they are easily distinguishable by the following characters. The rostrum of C. kuehnei usually reaches near the end of second segment of antennular peduncle, whereas that of C. sumatrensis reaches near the end of the third segment of antennular peduncle. P 1 carpus of C. kuehnei is stouter (1.39–1.70 × as long as wide vs 1.67–2.31), and P 2 chela is stouter (2.33–2.65 × as long as wide vs 2.67–3.61). P 3 dactylus of C. kuehnei possesses fewer spiniform setae (4 vs 5–8), as well as P 5 dactylus (31–34 vs 34–47). Finally, C. kuehnei possesses much larger embryos than of C. sumatrensis (0.92–1.07 × 0.52–0.67 mm vs 0.38–0.52 × 0.23–0.34 mm).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4AED56D6A27B58AEB0E860EF5CA147E6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Macharoenboon, Kongkit;von Rintelen, Thomas;Klotz, Werner;Sutcharit, Chirasak;Siriwut, Warut;Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai	Macharoenboon, Kongkit, von Rintelen, Thomas, Klotz, Werner, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Siriwut, Warut, Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai (2026): A taxonomic review of the freshwater shrimp genus Caridina H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Decapoda, Atyidae) from southern Thailand, with descriptions of five new species. ZooKeys 1292: 1-126, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1292.193168
8888D7591F705649A327AFDB058961DB.text	8888D7591F705649A327AFDB058961DB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caridina laevis Heller 1862	<div><p>Caridina laevis Heller, 1862</p><p>Figs 5 E, 19</p><p>Caridina laevis Heller, 1862: 411 . Type locality Java.</p><p>Caridina laevis — Blanco 1935: 34, pl. 3, figs 26–32; Ortmann 1894 b: 402, 404; Bouvier 1904: 132; Bouvier 1905: 74; Kemp 1918 b: 289; Bouvier 1925: 183; Pillai 1964: 42; Chace 1997: 10.</p><p>Caridina cf. laevis — Cai and Naiyanetr 2024: 771.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Two lots (see Suppl. material 1: Data S 1).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Cephalothorax and cephalic appendage (n = 2). cl 5.02–5.54 mm, width 3.73–3.76 mm (Fig. 19 A). Rostrum relatively large (Fig. 19 A), slightly sigmoidal, strongly sloped downward, reaching near the end of second segment of antennular peduncle (Fig. 19 B), 0.54–0.68 as long as cl. Rostral formula: (3–5) + 13–20 / 3–6. Antennal spine placed below inferior orbital angle margin. Pterygostomian margin subrectangular. Eye well developed, anterior end reaching to 0.60 of first segment of antennular peduncle. Antennular peduncle 0.74–0.76 as long as cl (Fig. 19 A, B), first segment 1.56–2.02 × as long as second segment, second segment 2.15–2.70 × as long as third segment. Tooth on distolateral margin of first segment of antennular peduncle long, acute. Stylocerite reaching to 0.76–0.86 of first segment of antennular peduncle.</p><p>Pereopods (n = 2). Epipod only present on first two pereopods, absent in the last three pereopod. Chelae of P 1 and P 2 well developed.</p><p>P 1 short (Fig. 19 C); chela 2.63–3.17 × as long as wide, 1.10–1.27 × as long as carpus, tips of fingers rounded, with tuft of setae near tip; dactylus 1.48–1.96 × as long as palm; carpus slightly excavated distally, 2.81–3.40 × as long as wide, 1.10–1.19 × as long as merus; merus 3.12–4.32 × as long as wide, 0.90–1.05 × as long as ischium.</p><p>P 2 slenderer (Fig. 19 D), longer than P 1; chela 4.31–4.87 × as long as wide, 0.73–0.80 as long as carpus, tips of fingers rounded, with tuft of setae near tip; dactylus 1.55–1.62 × as long as palm; carpus slender, 6.99–8.38 × as long as wide, 1.42–1.45 × as long as merus; merus 6.02–6.54 × as long as wide, 0.94–1.10 × as long as ischium.</p><p>P 3 slender (Fig. 19 F); dactylus with 6–9 spiniform setae on flexor margin (Fig. 19 E), 4.00–4.26 × as long as wide (including terminal claw), terminating with one large claw; propodus bearing numerous spiniform setae on posterior margin, 13.00–14.00 × as long as wide, 3.54–3.92 × as long as dactylus; carpus 5.56–6.59 × as long as wide, 0.52–0.66 as long as propodus; merus possessed three large setae on posterior margin of outer surface, 9.18–9.60 × as long as wide, 1.80–2.11 × as long as carpus.</p><p>P 5 slender (Fig. 19 H); dactylus with 92–105 spiniform setae on flexor margin (Fig. 19 G), 5.71–7.17 × as long as wide (including terminal claw), terminating with one large claw; propodus bearing numerous spiniform setae on posterior margin, 13.38–16.67 × as long as wide, 2.38–2.78 × as long as dactylus; carpus possessed one seta on posterior margin of outer surface, 5.57–6.11 × as long as wide, 0.46–0.51 as long as propodus; merus possessed three large setae on posterior margin of outer surface, 8.00–9.00 × as long as wide, 1.48–1.70 × as long as carpus.</p><p>Abdomen (n = 2). Telson 2.70 × as long as wide (Fig. 19 L), with three or four pairs of dorsal spiniform setae and one pair of dorsolateral spiniform setae; distal margin broadly triangular to rounded with a small posteromedian projection and 6–8 moveable plumose setae, similar in length (Fig. 19 K). Preanal carina high, with a prominent spine (Fig. 19 J). Uropodal diaeresis with 15–18 moveable spiniform setae (Fig. 19 I).</p><p>Coloration.</p><p>Transparent to brownish with cream transverse stripes on abdomen, some populations translucent bright orange.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Indonesia (Java), India (Travancore, corresponding to the southern part of modern India), and Thailand (Heller 1862; Pillai 1964; Kemp 1918 b; Kamita 1966). Caridina laevis was reported from Thailand by Kamita (1966) without any locality details. Based on the current study, C. laevis is rarely found in southern Thailand. The species has been documented from only two localities (Fig. 5 E). This species inhabits brackish water.</p><p>Phylogenetic placement.</p><p>Our molecular analyses support the monophyly of C. laevis (BS = 100 %, BPP = 1.00; Fig. 4) and place it as a sister clade to C. panhai with high support (BS = 100 %, BPP = 1.00).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Our specimens agreed well with previous observations, including slightly sigmoidal rostrum (Heller 1862; Bouvier 1925; Pillai 1964), slender P 2 carpus (6.99–8.38 × as long as wide vs 6.5–7.4; Pillai 1964), and numerous spiniform setae on P 5 dactylus (92–105 vs 58–95; Bouvier 1925; Pillai 1964).</p><p>The current phylogenetic tree indicated a sister relationship between C. laevis and C. panhai with high nodal support (BS = 100 %, BPP = 1.00; Fig. 4). Morphologically, these species share several characters such as a long sigmoidal rostrum, slender P 2 chela, and slender P 5 dactylus. However, C. laevis differs from C. panhai in having a larger number of dorsal teeth (13–20 vs 9–15), stouter P 2 carpus (6.99–8.38 × as long as wide vs 8.11–10.04), and a larger number of spiniform setae on P 5 dactylus (92–105 vs 57–68; Macharoenboon et al. 2023). Notably, their geographic distributions are allopatric. The distribution of C. panhai is limited to the Middle Mekong Basin (Macharoenboon et al. 2023); while that of C. laevis is broader from Java, Southern India, to southern Thailand (Heller 1862; Pillai 1964; Kemp 1918 b; Kamita 1966; this study).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8888D7591F705649A327AFDB058961DB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Macharoenboon, Kongkit;von Rintelen, Thomas;Klotz, Werner;Sutcharit, Chirasak;Siriwut, Warut;Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai	Macharoenboon, Kongkit, von Rintelen, Thomas, Klotz, Werner, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Siriwut, Warut, Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai (2026): A taxonomic review of the freshwater shrimp genus Caridina H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Decapoda, Atyidae) from southern Thailand, with descriptions of five new species. ZooKeys 1292: 1-126, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1292.193168
EA03B90EB399505DAE41D66580980F7E.text	EA03B90EB399505DAE41D66580980F7E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caridina lanceifrons Yu 1936	<div><p>Caridina lanceifrons Yu, 1936</p><p>Figs 5 A, 8 G, 8 H, 13</p><p>Caridina lanceifrons Yu, 1936: 89, figs 5–7. Type locality Near the light house at Hai-kiu-sche, in the salt water, Hainan Province, China.</p><p>Caridina lanceifrons — Yu 1938: 281, fig. 3; Dudgeon 1985: 142; Liang and Zheng 1988: 15; Zheng 1989: 6; Liang and Zhou 1993: 231; Liang et al. 1993: 41; Li and Liang 2002: 709; Cai 2014: 217, figs 6–7; Do et al. 2021 b: 15, figs 5–7.</p><p>Caridina flavilineata Dang, 1975: 70–71, fig. 5. Type locality “ Nam hà (B ắc Vi ệt nam) ” [= Ha Nam and Nam Dinh provinces, northern Vietnam].</p><p>Caridina flavilineata — Dang and Do 2008: 8 –10, fig. 5; Dang and Ho 2012: 154 –156, fig. 53.</p><p>Caridina vietriensis Dang &amp; Do, 2007: 9–10, figs 7–8. Type locality “ ngã ba sông Vi ệt Trì, Phú Th ọ ” [= River in Phu Tho Province, Vietnam].</p><p>Caridina pseudoflavilineata Do &amp; Dang, 2010: 31–34, figs 3–4. Type locality “ su ối trên đèo H ải Vân ” [= Stream on Hai Van Pass, Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam].</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>21 lots (see Suppl. material 1: Data S 1).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Cephalothorax and cephalic appendage (n = 10). cl 3.63–4.78 (median 4.08; Fig. 13 A, C, D) mm, width 2.78–3.90 (median 3.25) mm. Rostrum pointed straight (Fig. 13 A – D), slightly to moderately wider at the 1 / 2 length and abruptly tapering toward the tip, usually reaching slightly beyond the end of third segment of antennular peduncle (Fig. 13 B), 0.62–0.80 (median 0.72) as long as cl. Rostral formula: (3–5) 12–21 / 3–6, dorsal teeth usually placed throughout dorsal margin. Antennal spine placed slightly below inferior orbital angle. Pterygostomian margin round. Eye well developed, anterior end reaching to 0.45–0.67 (median 0.55) of first segment of antennular peduncle. Antennular peduncle 0.55–0.76 (median 0.67; Fig. 13 A – D) as long as cl, first segment 1.98–2.70 (median 2.30) × as long as second segment, second segment 1.39–2.01 (median 1.59) × as long as third segment. Tooth on distolateral margin of first segment of antennular peduncle well developed. Stylocerite reaching to 0.62–0.96 (median 0.76) of first segment of antennular peduncle. Scaphocerite 2.93–3.21 (median 3.05) × as long as wide, distal margin with short plumose setae.</p><p>Branchial and mouthparts (n = 3). Podobranch on second maxilliped well developed. Third maxilliped possessed one small and one large arthrobranchs. Pleurobranchs present on all pereopods. Third maxilliped reaching to end of second segment of antennular peduncle; ultimate segment of endopod ending with one large claw and four or five spiniform setae on distal 1 / 3 of posterior margin, 0.71–0.89 (median 0.82, n = 10) as long as penultimate segment.</p><p>Pereopods (n = 10). Epipod well developed on first four pereopods. Chelae of P 1 and P 2 well developed.</p><p>P 1 short (Fig. 13 F); chela 2.14–2.52 (median 2.23) × as long as wide, 0.95–1.69 (median 1.39) × as long as carpus, tips of fingers rounded, with tuft of setae near tip; dactylus 1.03–1.79 (median 1.29) × as long as palm; carpus very stout, excavated distally, 1.57–2.55 (median 2.05) × as long as wide, 0.75–1.11 (median 0.91) × as long as merus; merus 2.36–4.78 (median 2.94) × as long as wide, 1.60–2.14 (median 1.79) × as long as ischium.</p><p>P 2 slenderer, longer than P 1 (Fig. 13 G); chela 2.23–3.04 (median 2.75) × as long as wide, 0.78–1.04 (median 0.86) × as long as carpus, tips of fingers rounded, with tuft of setae near tip; dactylus 0.84–1.97 (median 1.21) × as long as palm; carpus slender, 4.75–6.30 (median 5.78) × as long as wide, 0.95–1.96 (median 1.24) × as long as merus; merus 3.27–5.66 (median 4.88) × as long as wide, 1.20–1.80 (median 1.52) × as long as ischium.</p><p>P 3 not sexually dimorphic (Fig. 13 I); dactylus with 5–7 (mode 6) spiniform setae on flexor margin (Fig. 13 H), 2.37–3.71 (median 2.90) × as long as wide (including terminal claw), terminating with one large claw; propodus bearing numerous spiniform setae on posterior margin, 8.12–10.80 (median 8.77) × as long as wide, 3.75–5.95 (median 4.95) × as long as dactylus; carpus possessed 3–5 (mode 4) setae on posterior margin of outer surface, the distal seta largest, the other setae minute, 3.98–6.16 (median 4.43) × as long as wide, 0.47–0.68 (median 0.64) as long as propodus; merus possessed 2–5 (mode 4) large setae on posterior margin of outer surface, 5.32–7.32 (median 6.40) × as long as wide, 1.86–2.40 (median 2.03) × as long as carpus; ischium with or without one spiniform seta.</p><p>P 5 slender (Fig. 13 K); dactylus with 26–34 spiniform setae on flexor margin (Fig. 13 J), 2.70–3.44 (median 2.79) × as long as wide (including terminal claw), terminating with one large claw; propodus bearing numerous spiniform setae on posterior margin, 9.84–14.17 (median 12.12) × as long as wide, 4.47–5.35 (median 4.74) × as long as dactylus; carpus possessed 3–5 (mode 3) spiniform setae on posterior margin of outer surface, the distal seta largest, the other setae minute, 4.39–5.34 (median 4.81) × as long as wide, 0.47–0.56 (median 0.51) as long as propodus; merus possessed one or two (mode 2) large setae on posterior margin of outer surface, 5.07–6.58 (median 5.65) × as long as wide, 1.46–2.05 (median 1.52) × as long as carpus; ischium without spiniform seta.</p><p>Male pleopods (n = 10). Pl 1 endopod subtriangular (Fig. 13 P), wider proximally, 1.98–2.95 (median 2.23) × as long as wide, 0.30–0.42 (median 0.38) of exopod length, without (very rare in population) or with appendix interna, emerging from distal 1 / 3 end of endopod. Pl 2 appendix masculina rod-shaped (Fig. 13 Q), slender, with many setae, 0.56–0.64 (median 0.61) × as long as endopod; appendix interna reaching 0.71–0.84 (median 0.80) of appendix masculina length.</p><p>Abdomen (n = 10). Sixth abdominal somite ~ 0.46–0.58 (median 0.51) of cl, 1.34–1.66 (median 1.51) × as long as fifth somite, 0.79–0.92 (median 0.85) × as long as telson (Fig. 13 A). Telson 2.64–3.53 (median 3.13; Fig. 13 O) × as long as wide, with 4–6 pairs (mode 5) of dorsal spiniform setae and one pair of dorsolateral spiniform setae; distal margin subtriangular without or with a tiny posteromedian projection, 7–10 moveable plumose setae, lateral pair longest, intermediate pair shortest (Fig. 13 N). Preanal carina subtriangular, with a few setae, without a spine (Fig. 13 M). Uropodal diaeresis with 15–19 moveable spiniform setae (Fig. 13 L).</p><p>Embryos. Ovigerous females with 84–208 embryos (mean 121, n = 10). Size of embryos with eyes 0.59–0.69 × 0.35–0.44 mm (n = 50).</p><p>Coloration.</p><p>Body color variable, either reddish orange or black. Body usually decorated with numerous small dark spots. Rostrum orange to light brown. Cephalic region and abdominal somite furnished with sandy brown stripes. Body darker dorsally than ventrally. Each abdominal somite dorsally decorated with conspicuous light transverse bands. Embryos brown (Fig. 8 G, H).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>China, Vietnam, and Thailand (Yu 1938; Cai 2014; Do et al. 2021 b; this study). This species was first recorded in Thailand by Do et al. (2021 b). In the present study, we collected this species throughout southern Thailand (Fig. 5 A). Although Yu (1936) reported collecting C. lanceifrons from salt water in Hainan Province, we barely found C. lanceifrons in coastal areas or brackish water. Instead, this species was commonly encountered in lotic habitats such as streams and waterfalls, where individuals occurred along the banks over gravelly or sandy substrates. Our observation agrees with those of Do et al. (2021 b), who also reported that this species does not occur in coastal habitats.</p><p>Phylogenetic placement.</p><p>Our molecular analyses show this species to be monophyletic, although with low support (BS = 51 %, BPP = 0.86; Fig. 2). This suggests the need for further phylogenetic investigation by incorporating more genes and an extended range of populations. It forms a clade with C. thai and C. sirindhornae (BS = 100 %, BPP = 1.00).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Caridina lanceifrons was described by Yu (1936) based on specimens from Hainan Province, China. Later, Cai (2014) designated neotypes because the original type specimen no longer existed. The morphology of C. lanceifrons in our collection is well consistent with previous works, in terms of the rostral formula: (3–5) 13–18 / 3–6 vs (4–6) 10–19 / 1–6 (Yu 1936, 1938; Cai 2014; Do et al. 2021 b), rostrum length (0.54–0.69 × as long as cl vs 0.45–0.96; Do et al. 2021 b), P 1 chela (2.14–2.52 × as long as wide vs 1.89–2.4; Cai 2014; Do et al. 2021 b), P 1 dactylus (1.03–1.79 × as long as palm vs 1.00–1.33; Do et al. 2021 b), P 1 carpus (1.57–2.55 × as long as wide vs 1.22–2.00; Do et al. 2021 b), P 3 merus (2.36–4.78 × as long as wide vs 2.57–3.25; Do et al. 2021 b), P 2 chela (2.23–3.04 × as long as wide vs 2.46–3.29; Yu 1938; Cai 2014; Do et al. 2021 b), P 2 dactylus (0.84–1.97 × as long as wide vs 1.09–1.89; Do et al. 2021 b), P 2 carpus (4.75–6.30 × as long as wide vs 4.0–6.0; Yu 1938; Do et al. 2021 b), P 2 merus (3.27–5.66 × as long as wide vs 4.2–5.25; Do et al. 2021 b), P 3 dactylus (2.37–3.71 × as long as wide vs 2.75–4.00; Yu 1938; Cai 2014; Do et al. 2021 b), P 3 propodus (8.12–10.80 × as long as wide vs 8.0–11.0; Yu 1938; Cai 2014; Do et al. 2021 b), P 3 carpus (3.98–6.16 × as long as wide vs 3.75–5.0; Do et al. 2021 b), spiniform setae on P 3 dactylus (5–7; Yu 1938; Cai 2014; Do et al. 2021 b), P 3 merus (5.32–7.32 × as long as wide vs 5.83–7.33; Do et al. 2021 b), setae on P 3 merus (2–5 vs 3–5; Do et al. 2021 b), P 5 dactylus (2.70–4.23 × as long as wide vs 2.33–3.6; Cai 2014; Do et al. 2021 b), P 5 propodus (9.84–14.17 × as long as wide vs 12.0–14.0; Yu 1938; Cai 2014; Do et al. 2021 b), P 5 carpus (4.39–5.34 × as long as wide vs 4.33–6.25; Do et al. 2021 b), spiniform setae on P 5 dactylus (26–34 vs 22–38; Yu 1938; Cai 2014; Do et al. 2021 b), P 5 merus (5.07–6.58 × as long as wide vs 5.33–6.73; Do et al. 2021 b), telson (2.64–3.53 × as long as wide vs 2.33–3.85; Do et al. 2021 b), dorsal spiniform setae on telson (4–5 pairs vs 5–6 pairs; Yu 1936, 1938; Cai 2014; Do et al. 2021 b), plumose setae on distal margin of telson (3–4 pairs vs 4–5 pairs; Do et al. 2021 b), spiniform setae on uropodal diaeresis (15–19 vs 14–22; Cai 2014; Do et al. 2021 b). The embryo size of C. lanceifrons in this study was significantly smaller than previously reported (0.60–0.71 × 0.33–0.44 mm vs 0.74–1.05 × 0.50–0.70 mm; Yu 1938; Cai 2014; Do et al. 2021 b).</p><p>Some C. lanceifrons specimens appear very similar to C. sumatrensis in terms of the overall body shape and size, and color pattern. However, they can be distinguished by using rostrum characters. The rostrum of C. lanceifrons is quite straight, wider near the 1 / 2 - length, then abruptly tapering at the tip. In contrast, the rostrum of C. sumatrensis is slightly directed downward, with a similar width throughout the rostrum. Caridina lanceifrons also differs from C. sumatrensis by possessing fewer spiniform setae on P 5 dactylus (26–34 vs 34–47), and stouter P 5 dactylus (2.70–3.44 × as long as wide vs 3.48–4.64). Moreover, the embryo size of C. lanceifrons is much larger than that of C. sumatrensis (0.59–0.69 × 0.35–0.44 mm vs 0.38–0.52 × 0.23–0.34 mm).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EA03B90EB399505DAE41D66580980F7E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Macharoenboon, Kongkit;von Rintelen, Thomas;Klotz, Werner;Sutcharit, Chirasak;Siriwut, Warut;Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai	Macharoenboon, Kongkit, von Rintelen, Thomas, Klotz, Werner, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Siriwut, Warut, Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai (2026): A taxonomic review of the freshwater shrimp genus Caridina H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Decapoda, Atyidae) from southern Thailand, with descriptions of five new species. ZooKeys 1292: 1-126, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1292.193168
0E20F72C44695F11A0C42FC64E9CFC18.text	0E20F72C44695F11A0C42FC64E9CFC18.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caridina macrophora Kemp 1918	<div><p>Caridina macrophora Kemp, 1918</p><p>Figs 5 D, 14 E, 17</p><p>Caridina nilotica subsp. macrophora Kemp, 1918 b: 277, fig. 9 a – f. Type locality “ Tale sap in Peninsular Siam, only in the inner part of the lake in water that in all probability is permanently fresh. At the northern end of the Tale Sap in and near the mouth of the Patalung River ” [= at the mouth of Lampam Stream, Phatthalung Province, Thailand (approximately 7.6232°N, 100.1508°E)].</p><p>Caridina nilotica macrophora — Liang and Yan 1983: 211; Li and Liang 2002: 708.</p><p>Caridina macrophora — Naiyanetr 2007: 34; Cai 2014: 209, figs 4, 5; Cai 2020: 1411, fig. 4; Cai and Naiyanetr 2024: 779.</p><p>Caridina subnilotica Dang, 1975: 69, fig. 3. Type locality “ Hà n ội (B ắc Vi ệt nam) ” [= Hanoi, North Vietnam].</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>37 lots (see Suppl. material 1: Data S 1).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Cephalothorax and cephalic appendage (n = 10). cl 2.87–3.61 (median 3.29; Fig. 17 A, C) mm, width 2.43–2.72 (median 2.56) mm. Rostrum slightly to moderately curved downward in its proximal 1 / 2 (Fig. 17 A, C), then upcurved anteriorly, ending in bifid, reaching beyond the end of third segment of antennular peduncle (Fig. 17 B), but not longer than 2 × of cl, 1.02–1.43 (median 1.23) × as long as cl. Rostral formula: (1–3) 13–19 + 0–2 / 7–14, distal 1 / 3 end of dorsal margin without teeth or sometimes with 1–2 subapical teeth. Antennal spine placed below inferior orbital angle. Pterygostomian margin broadly round. Eye well developed, anterior end reaching to 0.41–0.72 (median 0.53) of first segment of antennular peduncle. Antennular peduncle 0.71–0.89 (median 0.79; Fig. 17 A – C) × as long as cl, first segment 2.15–2.81 (median 2.37) × as long as second segment, second segment 1.37–2.13 (median 1.79) × as long as third segment. Tooth on distolateral margin of first segment of antennular peduncle acute and well developed. Stylocerite reaching to 0.64–0.79 (median 0.69) of first segment of antennular peduncle. Scaphocerite 3.15–4.36 (median 3.60) × as long as wide, distal margin with short plumose setae.</p><p>Branchial and mouthparts (n = 3). Podobranch on second maxilliped well developed. Third maxilliped possessed one small and one large arthrobranch. Pleurobranchs present on all pereopods. Third maxilliped reaching to end of second segment of antennular peduncle; ultimate segment of endopod ending with one large claw and six to nine spiniform setae on distal 1 / 3 of posterior margin, 0.72–0.93 (median 0.81, n = 10) as long as penultimate segment.</p><p>Pereopods (n = 10). Epipod well developed on first four pereopods. Chelae of P 1 and P 2 well developed.</p><p>P 1 short (Fig. 17 D); chela 1.70–2.17 (median 1.93) × as long as wide, 1.32–1.67 (median 1.48) × as long as carpus, tips of fingers rounded, with tuft of setae near tip; dactylus 1.02–1.63 (median 1.19) × as long as palm; carpus stout, excavated distally, 1.86–2.72 (median 2.19) × as long as wide, 0.81–1.24 (median 1.11) × as long as merus; merus 2.70–4.62 (median 3.81) × as long as wide, 0.96–2.04 (median 1.55) × as long as ischium.</p><p>P 2 slenderer (Fig. 17 E), longer than P 1; chela 2.31–3.43 (median 2.77) × as long as wide, 0.73–0.98 (median 0.81) as long as carpus, tips of fingers rounded, with tuft of setae near tip; dactylus 1.02–2.03 (median 1.38) × as long as palm; carpus slender, slightly excavated distally, 4.67–6.33 (median 5.80) × as long as wide, 1.20–1.43 (median 1.31) × as long as merus; merus 4.87–6.20 (median 5.76) × as long as wide, 1.00–1.37 (median 1.10) × as long as ischium.</p><p>P 3 not sexually dimorphic (Fig. 17 G); dactylus with 6–10 (mode 8) spiniform setae on flexor margin (Fig. 17 F), 4.13–5.43 (median 4.81) × as long as wide (including terminal claw), terminating with one large claw; propodus bearing numerous spiniform setae on posterior margin, 10.15–12.21 (median 11.32) × as long as wide, 3.26–5.00 (median 4.12) × as long as dactylus; carpus possessed 1–4 (mode 3) small setae on posterior margin of outer surface, the distal seta largest, the other setae minute, 5.27–6.67 (median 6.14) × as long as wide, 0.46–0.61 (median 0.55) as long as propodus; merus possessed three or four (mode 3) large setae on posterior margin of outer surface, 8.38–11.63 (median 10.02) × as long as wide, 1.77–2.33 (median 2.07) × as long as carpus; ischium without spiniform seta.</p><p>P 5 slender (Fig. 17 I); dactylus with 31–40 spiniform setae on flexor margin (Fig. 17 H), 3.36–5.00 (median 4.47) × as long as wide (including terminal claw), terminating with one large claw; propodus bearing numerous spiniform setae on posterior margin, 13.00–14.50 (median 13.33) × as long as wide, 2.97–4.58 (median 3.73) × as long as dactylus; carpus possessed one or two (mode 1) small setae on posterior margin of outer surface, the distal seta largest, the other setae minute, 4.13–6.19 (median 5.58) × as long as wide, 0.34–0.61 (median 0.44) as long as propodus; merus possessed 0–2 (mode 1) large setae on posterior margin of outer surface, 6.19–9.07 (median 8.17) × as long as wide, 1.24–2.31 (median 1.69) × as long as carpus; ischium without spiniform seta.</p><p>Male pleopods (n = 10). Pl 1 endopod subtriangular (Fig. 17 N), wider proximally, 2.09–3.00 (median 2.46) × as long as wide, 0.16–0.29 (median 0.23) of exopod length, without appendix interna. Pl 2 appendix masculina rod-shaped (Fig. 17 O), with many setae, 0.39–0.62 (median 0.50) as long as endopod; appendix interna reaching 0.62–0.81 (median 0.71) of appendix masculina length.</p><p>Abdomen (n = 10). Sixth abdominal somite ~ 0.66–0.96 (median 0.81) of cl, 1.75–2.52 (median 2.14) × as long as fifth somite, 0.88–1.24 (median 1.08) × as long as telson (Fig. 17 A). Telson 3.30–4.64 (median 3.87; Fig. 17 M) × as long as wide, with two or three pairs (mode 2) of dorsal spiniform setae and one pair of dorsolateral spiniform setae; distal margin round without posteromedian projection and 6–8 moveable plumose setae, lateral setae longest, intermediate pair shortest (Fig. 17 L). Preanal carina rounded, blunt, without a spine (Fig. 17 K). Uropodal diaeresis with 6–10 moveable spiniform setae (mode 7; Fig. 17 J).</p><p>Embryos. Ovigerous females with 30–70 embryos (mean 53, n = 10). Size of eye-developed embryos 0.79–0.98 × 0.49–0.60 mm (n = 50).</p><p>Coloration.</p><p>Body rather translucent, pale brown, decorated with scattered dark brown spots. Rostrum brownish gold. Cephalic region, first to second dorsal somites, and telson are darker than other parts. Each abdominal somite decorated dorsally with transverse dark brown bands. Embryos brown (Fig. 14 E).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, and South China (Guangxi and Hainan) (Kemp 1918 b; Cai 2014, 2020; this study). In southern Thailand, C. macrophora occurs throughout the peninsula (Fig. 5 D). This species is abundant in lentic freshwater habitats such as lakes, ponds, and reservoirs. It is sometimes found in lotic habitats such as small streams and lowland rivers. They are found living on floating plants or aquatic vegetation along the banks.</p><p>Phylogenetic placement.</p><p>The molecular analyses showed C. macrophora to be monophyletic (BS = 100 %, BPP = 1.00; Fig. 3) and placed it as the basal clade within the C. nilotica species group.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Caridina macrophora was described as ‘ Caridina nilotica subsp. macrophora’ by Kemp (1918 b), based on specimens collected by Dr. Annandale. The type locality was cited as “ the northern end of the Tale Sap in and near the mouth of the Patalung River ” where the shrimp was specifically noted to occur only in the inner portion of the lake, where water is likely permanently fresh. However, the name “ Patalung River ”, as it appeared on a map illustrated by Annandale (1916), is not associated with any major waterway today. Based on his mapping, the water body designated as the “ Patalung River ” in Annandale’s context is now probably known as the Lampam Stream, the major waterway that flows into the northern region of the Songkhla Lake (approximately 7.6232°N, 100.1508°E). This historical correlation provides a precise geographical correction for the detailed type locality. Later, it was considered as a full species by subsequent authors (Naiyanetr 2007; Cai 2014, 2020; Cai and Naiyanetr 2024).</p><p>In this study, we failed to obtain C. macrophora from its type locality. However, the morphology of C. macrophora in our collection is well compatible with the original description by Kemp (1918 b), including the rostral formula: (1–3) 13–19 / 7–14 vs (1–3) 13–20 / 6–12, spiniform setae on P 3 dactylus (6–14 vs 6–10), spiniform setae on P 5 dactylus (31–40 vs 35–45), P 1 dactylus (1.02–1.63 × as long as palm vs 1.5), P 1 carpus (1.86–2.72 × as long as wide vs 2.5), P 2 dactylus (1.02–2.03 × as long as palm vs 1.5), P 2 carpus (4.67–6.33 × as long as wide vs 5.5–7), P 3 dactylus (4.13–5.43 × as long as wide vs 4.3–5) P 3 propodus (3.26–5.00 × as long as dactylus vs 3.25–3.3), P 5 dactylus (3.36–5.50 × as long as wide vs 4.25–4.75), P 5 propodus (2.97–4.58 × as long as dactylus vs 3.25–3.3), spiniform setae on uropodal diaeresis (6–10 vs 8–9), and embryo size (0.79–0.98 × 0.49–0.60 mm vs 0.90–0.96 × 0.52–0.58 mm). However, P 5 ischium of our specimens lacks a large spine, while Kemp (1918 b) clearly reported its presence. This discrepancy may indicate intraspecific variation or suggest that this character is less stable than previously assumed.</p><p>Cai (2014, 2020) reexamined syntypes deposited in Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. The morphology of our specimens is largely consistent with his reports, except for a longer P 2 carpus (4.67–6.33 × as long as wide vs 4.3) and lower number of dorsal spiniform setae on telson (2–3 pairs vs 3–5 pairs).</p><p>Caridina macrophora can be distinguished from the other species in the C. nilotica species group by its small and unarmed preanal carina, rounded distal margin of telson without a posteromedian projection, fewer moveable spiniform setae on uropodal diaeresis, an absence of appendix interna of endopod of male first pleopod, and its much larger embryos (Kemp 1918 b; Richard and Clark 2010, 2014; Cai 2014, 2020; de Mazancourt et al. 2018 a).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E20F72C44695F11A0C42FC64E9CFC18	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Macharoenboon, Kongkit;von Rintelen, Thomas;Klotz, Werner;Sutcharit, Chirasak;Siriwut, Warut;Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai	Macharoenboon, Kongkit, von Rintelen, Thomas, Klotz, Werner, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Siriwut, Warut, Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai (2026): A taxonomic review of the freshwater shrimp genus Caridina H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Decapoda, Atyidae) from southern Thailand, with descriptions of five new species. ZooKeys 1292: 1-126, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1292.193168
E055ABDED90854CFBBBB5D39E41F8372.text	E055ABDED90854CFBBBB5D39E41F8372.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caridina nangroma Macharoenboon & von Rintelen & Klotz & Sutcharit & Siriwut & Jeratthitikul 2026	<div><p>Caridina nangroma sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 5 E, 23 C – D, 25, 26</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype. Thailand • ovigerous ♀, cl 2.88 mm; Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, Hua Hin District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.7982&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.478" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.7982/lat 12.478)">Pranburi River</a>; 12.4780°N, 99.7982°E; MUMNH -CAR 404-H, coll. E. Jeratthitikul, W. Siriwut, K. Macharoenboon &amp; V. Bundit, 05 April 2022 . Paratypes. Thailand • 9 ♀, cl 2.49–3.28 mm; same data as for holotype; MUMNH -CAR 404-F 1 to F 7 and CAR 404- P 1, P 3 • 8 ♂, cl 1.88–2.26 mm; same data as for holotype; MUMNH -CAR 404-M 1 to M 8, coll. E. Jeratthitikul, W. Siriwut, K. Macharoenboon &amp; V. Bundit, 05 April 2022 .</p><p>Other material.</p><p>39 lots (see Suppl. material 1: Data S 1).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Cephalothorax and cephalic appendage (n = 7). cl 2.49–3.28 (median 2.70; Fig. 25 A, C – E) mm, width 2.15–2.62 (median 2.23) mm. Rostrum straight to strongly curved downward (Fig. 25 A, C – E), wider at the 1 / 2 - length then abruptly tapering toward the tip, reaching at least beyond the end of second segment of antennular peduncle (Fig. 25 B), 0.61–0.84 (median 0.75) as long as cl. Rostral formula: (2–5) 15–19 / 1–5. Antennal spine placed below inferior orbital angle. Pterygostomian margin subrectangular. Eye well developed, anterior end reaching to 0.50–0.74 (median 0.60) of first segment of antennular peduncle. Antennular peduncle 0.76–0.91 (median 0.83; Fig. 25 A – E) as long as cl, first segment 1.51–1.93 (median 1.45) × as long as second segment, second segment 1.35–2.01 (median 1.88) × as long as third segment. Tooth on distolateral margin of first segment of antennular peduncle acute and well developed. Stylocerite reaching to 0.71–0.89 (median 0.79) of first segment of antennular peduncle. Scaphocerite 3.10–3.80 (median 3.44) × as long as wide, distal margin with short plumose setae.</p><p>Branchial formula (n = 7) Podobranch on second maxilliped well developed. Third maxilliped possessed two small arthrobranchs. Pleurobranchs present on all pereopods.</p><p>Mouthparts (n = 3). Mandible without palp (Fig. 26 E); incisor process possessed five or six irregular teeth, and two rows of setae placed along inner margin; molar process truncated. Lower lacinia of maxillula sub – rectangular (Fig. 26 F), with many rows of plumose setae; upper lacinia elongate, inner margin straight, with numerous conical setae and distal setae; palp elongate, with one conical seta and few distal setae. Scaphognathite of maxilla wide anteriorly and tapering posteriorly (Fig. 26 C), ending in a tuft of setae and short marginal setae placed along proximal triangular process; anterior margin with long plumose setae; palp slender; upper and middle endites subdivided with many rows of marginal setae; lower endite partly fused with middle endite, with relatively longer marginal setae.</p><p>Palp of first maxilliped broadly triangular (Fig. 26 D), ending in finger-like projection and with few plumose setae; caridean lobe broad, with marginal plumose setae; exopod well developed with distally marginal plumose setae, ultimate and penultimate segments of endopod indistinctly divided, with marginal setae. Ultimate and penultimate segments of endopod of second maxilliped incompletely divided (Fig. 26 B); inner margin of ultimate and penultimate segments with simple and pappose setae; exopod long and slender, with a tuft of long setae at the tip. Third maxilliped with epipod (Fig. 26 A), reaching to end of second segment of antennular peduncle; ultimate segment of endopod, with a row of strong setae at proximal 2 / 3 of posterior margin, ending in one large claw and 8–10 spiniform setae on distal 1 / 3 of posterior margin, 0.78–1.03 (median 0.95, n = 7) × as long as penultimate segment; exopod long and slender, with a tuft of long setae at the tip.</p><p>Pereopods (n = 7). Epipod present on first two pereopods, reduced in third pereopod, and absent in last two pereopods. Chelae of P 1 and P 2 well developed.</p><p>P 1 short (Fig. 25 G); chela 2.12–3.24 (median 2.38) × as long as wide, 1.20–1.45 (median 1.34) × as long as carpus, tips of fingers rounded, with tufts of setae near tip; dactylus 1.32–1.69 (median 1.45) × as long as palm; carpus excavated distally, 2.33–2.88 (median 2.63) × as long as wide, 1.15–1.41 (median 1.21) × as long as merus; merus 1.87–2.74 (median 2.44) × as long as wide, 0.91–1.08 (median 0.98) × as long as ischium.</p><p>P 2 slenderer, longer than P 1 (Fig. 25 H); chela 3.03–4.39 (median 3.72) × as long as wide, 0.76–0.88 (median 0.80) as long as carpus, tips of fingers rounded, with tufts of setae near tip; dactylus 1.28–1.80 (median 1.42) × as long as palm; carpus slender, 5.44–7.01 (median 6.23) × as long as wide, 1.32–1.59 (median 1.57) × as long as merus; merus 4.09–5.87 (median 4.71) × as long as wide, 0.88–1.05 (median 0.98) × as long as ischium.</p><p>P 3 not sexually dimorphic (Fig. 25 J); dactylus with 5–8 (mode 6) spiniform setae on flexor margin (Fig. 25 I), 4.06–5.46 (median 5.21) × as long as wide (including terminal claw), terminating with one large claw; propodus bearing numerous spiniform setae on posterior margin, 9.62–14.31 (median 12.14) × as long as wide, 3.03–3.89 (median 3.24) × as long as dactylus; carpus possessed 1–3 (mode 3) setae on posterior margin of outer surface, the distal seta largest, the other setae minute, 4.61–6.10 (median 5.12) × as long as wide, 0.51–0.64 (median 0.57) as long as propodus; merus possessed three or four large setae on posterior margin of outer surface, 7.18–9.84 (median 8.61) × as long as wide, 1.78–2.18 (median 2.12) × as long as carpus; ischium with one spiniform seta.</p><p>P 5 slender (Fig. 25 L); dactylus with 47–55 spiniform setae on flexor margin (Fig. 25 K), 4.90–6.61 (median 5.80) × as long as wide (including terminal claw), terminating with one large claw; propodus bearing numerous spiniform setae on posterior margin, 10.68–15.66 (median 12.06) × as long as wide, 2.39–2.77 (median 2.59) × as long as dactylus; carpus possessed 1–3 (mode 3) setae on posterior margin of outer surface, the distal seta largest, the other setae minute, 4.60–5.67 (median 5.15) × as long as wide, 0.44–0.51 (median 0.49) as long as propodus; merus possessed two or three (mode 2) large setae on posterior margin of outer surface, 6.40–8.16 (median 7.65) × as long as wide, 1.52–1.87 (median 1.75) × as long as carpus; ischium without spiniform seta.</p><p>Male pleopods (n = 8). Pl 1 endopod subtriangular (Fig. 26 K), wider proximally, 1.70–2.88 (median 2.27) × as long as wide, 0.28–0.36 (median 0.32) of exopod length, without appendix interna. Pl 2 appendix masculina rod-shaped (Fig. 26 L), with many setae, 0.46–0.70 (median 0.60) as long as endopod; appendix interna very slender, reaching 0.69–0.90 (median 0.79) of appendix masculina length.</p><p>Abdomen (n = 7). Sixth abdominal somite ~ 0.51–0.74 (median 0.64) of cl, 1.58–1.99 (median 1.70) × as long as fifth somite, 0.79–1.06 (median 0.93) × as long as telson (Fig. 25 A). Telson 3.05–3.87 (median 3.28; Fig. 26 I) × as long as wide, with three or four pairs of dorsal spiniform setae and one pair of dorsolateral spiniform setae; distal margin subtriangular without posteromedian projection, with six or seven moveable plumose setae, the lateral pair longest (Fig. 26 J). Preanal carina subtriangular, with a prominent or small spine (Fig. 26 G). Uropodal diaeresis with 11–13 moveable spiniform setae (Fig. 26 H).</p><p>Embryos. Ovigerous females with 27–41 embryos (mean 32, n = 5). Size of embryos with eyes 0.67–0.77 × 0.37–0.49 mm (n = 50).</p><p>Coloration.</p><p>Color of body variable. Body and rostrum greyish blue, translucent gray, or camo green, usually decorated with numerous dark spots. Cephalothorax darker than the other parts with dark brown and black stripes. Embryos brown to dark brown or black (Fig. 23 C – D).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Thailand. Caridina nangroma sp. nov. is widely distributed throughout southern Thailand (Fig. 5 E). This species inhabits various habitats, such as small streams, lowland rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. Individuals are found living on aquatic vegetation along the banks.</p><p>Phylogenetic placement.</p><p>The molecular analyses indicated that C. nangroma sp. nov. is monophyletic (BS = 100 %, BPP = 1.00; Fig. 4) and sister to C. srivijaya sp. nov. (BS = 100 %, BPP = 1.00).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name nangroma refers to the city named “ Bang Nang Rom ”, which was the name of ancient city located in Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, where this new species was discovered.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Caridina nangroma sp. nov. resembles C. propinqua in the morphology of the rostrum. Both species exhibit a sloped-down rostrum that reaches beyond the end of second segment of antennular peduncle (De Man 1908 a; Cai et al. 2007). However, this species can be distinguished by the following characteristics, which are compared against De Man’s original description of C. propinqua (De Man 1908 a) . Caridina nangroma sp. nov. possesses a slightly slenderer P 1 chela (2.12–3.24 × as long as wide vs 2.00 in C. propinqua), and slenderer P 2 carpus (5.44–7.01 × as long as wide vs 4.5–5.5 in C. propinqua). Telson of C. nangroma sp. nov. possesses fewer plumose setae on the distal margin than that of C. propinqua (3–4 pairs vs 5 pairs). When compared to the description of C. propinqua reported in Cai and Shokita (2006 a) and Cai et al. (2007), C. nangroma sp. nov. has a shorter antennular peduncle (0.76–0.91 as long as cl vs subequal to cl), more dorsal teeth on rostrum (15–19 vs 9–16), more spiniform setae on P 3 dactylus (5–8 vs 2–5), fewer spiniform setae on P 5 dactylus (47–55 vs 57–76), a lack of posteromedian projection (vs with a small posteromedian projection), shorter sixth abdominal somite (0.51–0.74 × as long as cl vs 0.8), and much larger embryos (0.68–0.75 × 0.37–0.49 mm vs 0.32–0.48 × 0.20–0.30 mm).</p><p>Caridina nangroma sp. nov. can be distinguished from C. johnsoni primarily by the morphology of its rostrum. While the rostrum of C. johnsoni is notably narrow, relatively straight, and maintains a subequal width throughout its length; the rostrum of C. nangroma sp. nov. is conspicuously wider at its middle, before tapering distinctly towards the tip. The P 5 dactylus of the new species also possesses fewer spiniform setae (47–55 vs 50–62).</p><p>Caridina nangroma sp. nov. is also similar to C. rangoona . However, this new species differs from C. cf. rangoona by the shape of rostrum (strongly curved downward and slightly upcurved toward the tip vs straight or slightly curved downward anteriorly and not upturned at the tip), having fewer spiniform setae on uropodal diaeresis (11–13 vs 16–21), and larger embryos (0.67–0.77 × 0.37–0.49 mm vs 0.37–0.46 × 0.24–0.31 mm).</p><p>The new species can be distinguished from C. kottelati by its rostral shape (sloped down, wider at the middle and tapering toward the tip vs straight and subequal in width throughout the rostrum length), a longer antennular peduncle (0.76–0.91 × as long as cl vs 0.67), a smaller number of spiniform setae on P 5 dactylus (47–55 vs 62), an armed preanal carina (vs without a spine), and significantly smaller embryos (0.67–0.77 × 0.37–0.49 mm vs 0.95 × 0.60 mm) (Cai and Naiyanetr 2024).</p><p>Kemp (1918 b) reported the presence of C. propinqua in southern Thailand among specimens collected by Dr. Annandale from Songkhla Lake and the Pattani River. However, according to the given description, those specimens shared several similar characters with C. nangroma sp. nov., including the rostral formula: (2–5) 15–19 / 1–5 vs (2–4) 11–20 / 0–4, spiniform setae on P 3 dactylus (5–8 vs 6–7), spiniform setae on P 5 dactylus (47–55 vs 43–55), embryo size (0.68–0.75 × 0.37–0.49 mm vs 0.67–0.77 × 0.37–0.49 mm). Therefore, we suggest that the specimens in Kemp (1918 b) are likely to be C. nangroma sp. nov. instead of C. propinqua . A thorough re-examination of this collection is necessary to confirm this conclusion.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E055ABDED90854CFBBBB5D39E41F8372	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Macharoenboon, Kongkit;von Rintelen, Thomas;Klotz, Werner;Sutcharit, Chirasak;Siriwut, Warut;Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai	Macharoenboon, Kongkit, von Rintelen, Thomas, Klotz, Werner, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Siriwut, Warut, Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai (2026): A taxonomic review of the freshwater shrimp genus Caridina H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Decapoda, Atyidae) from southern Thailand, with descriptions of five new species. ZooKeys 1292: 1-126, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1292.193168
F861CF180452506EA823BFFF3F5D9299.text	F861CF180452506EA823BFFF3F5D9299.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caridina peninsularis Kemp 1918	<div><p>Caridina peninsularis Kemp, 1918</p><p>Figs 5 D, 14 F, 18</p><p>Caridina brachydactyla subsp. peninsularis Kemp, 1918 b: 279, fig. 10 a – g. Type locality “ Patani, in the Siamese Malay States and on Penang ” [= Pattani Province, Thailand and Penang, Malaysia].</p><p>Caridina brachydactyla var. peninsularis — Bouvier 1925: 155, figs 321, 322.</p><p>Caridina brachydactyla peninsularis — Johnson 1961 b: 45; Dutt and Ravindranath 1975: 269 –270.</p><p>Caridina simoni peninsularis — Johnson 1966: 422; Johnson 1969: 110; Ng and Choy 1990: 16; de Silva 1983: 209.</p><p>Caridina peninsularis — Wowor et al. 2004: 343, fig. 6 j; Cai and Shokita 2006 b: 248; Cai et al. 2007: 280, figs 2, 3; Richard and Clark 2014: 315, figs 6–8; Cai and Naiyanetr 2024: 778.</p><p>Caridina mccullochi Roux, 1926 b: 249 . Type locality New South Wales.</p><p>Caridina mccullochi — Riek 1953: 118.</p><p>Caridina nilotica var. brachydactyla [non De Man, 1908 b] — Johnson 1961 a: 123.</p><p>Caridina meridionalis [non Roux, 1926 a] — Roux 1926 a: 207 (in part).</p><p>Caridina simony [sic; non Bouvier, 1904] — Johnson 1963: 21 (in part).</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>31 lots (see Suppl. material 1: Data S 1).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Cephalothorax and cephalic appendage (n = 10). cl 4.02–5.63 (median 4.73; Fig. 18 A, C) mm, width 2.85–3.84 (median 3.43) mm. Rostrum straight or slightly upcurved anteriorly (Fig. 18 A, C), frequently ending in bifid, reaching beyond the end of third segment of antennular peduncle (Fig. 18 B), but not longer than 2 × of cl, 0.96–1.15 (median 1.05) × as long as cl. Rostral formula: (2–5) 21–32 / 7–14, dorsal teeth usually placed throughout dorsal margin. Antennal spine placed slightly below inferior orbital angle. Pterygostomian margin round. Eye well developed, anterior end reaching to 0.45–0.75 (median 0.61) of first segment of antennular peduncle. Antennular peduncle 0.75–0.88 (median 0.82; Fig. 18 A – C) as long as cl, first segment 1.55–1.94 (median 1.80) × as long as second segment, second segment 1.58–2.03 (median 1.77) × as long as third segment. Tooth on distolateral margin of first segment of antennular peduncle acute and well developed. Stylocerite reaching to 0.61–0.85 (median 0.74) of first segment of antennular peduncle. Scaphocerite 3.26–4.00 (median 3.48) × as long as wide, distal margin with short plumose setae.</p><p>Branchial and mouthparts (n = 3). Podobranch on second maxilliped well developed. Third maxilliped possessed one small and one large arthrobranch. Pleurobranchs present on all pereopods. Third maxilliped reaching to end of second segment of antennular peduncle; ultimate segment of endopod ending with one large claw and six to eleven spiniform setae on distal 1 / 3 of posterior margin, 0.66–0.87 (median 0.78, n = 10) as long as penultimate segment.</p><p>Pereopods (n = 10). Epipod well developed on first four pereopods. Chelae of P 1 and P 2 well developed.</p><p>P 1 short (Fig. 18 E); chela 1.78–2.28 (median 2.13) × as long as wide, 1.00–1.30 (median 1.21) × as long as carpus, tips of fingers rounded, with tuft of setae near tip; dactylus 1.13–2.03 (median 1.50) × as long as palm; carpus stout, excavated distally, 2.44–3.73 (median 3.31) × as long as wide, 0.87–1.38 (median 1.09) × as long as merus; merus 3.08–3.86 (median 3.48) × as long as wide, 1.32–2.06 (median 1.64) × as long as ischium.</p><p>P 2 slenderer and longer than P 1 (Fig. 18 F); chela 2.38–2.91 (median 2.63) × as long as wide, 0.64–0.86 (median 0.78) as long as carpus, tips of fingers rounded, with tuft of setae near tip; dactylus 1.12–2.10 (median 1.53) × as long as palm; carpus slender, 4.98–6.70 (median 5.60) × as long as wide, 1.06–1.45 (median 1.30) × as long as merus; merus 4.78–6.10 (median 5.59) × as long as wide, 0.93–1.56 (median 1.24) × as long as ischium.</p><p>P 3 not sexually dimorphic (Fig. 18 H); dactylus with four or five (mode 5) spiniform setae on flexor margin (Fig. 18 G), 2.54–3.33 (median 2.68) × as long as wide (including terminal claw), terminating with one large claw; propodus bearing numerous spiniform setae on posterior margin, 14.14–18.55 (median 15.45) × as long as wide, 6.21–8.93 (median 7.74) × as long as dactylus; carpus possessed 2–4 (mode 3) setae on posterior margin of outer surface, the distal seta largest, the other setae minute, 5.93–7.49 (median 6.44) × as long as wide, 0.51–0.61 (median 0.56) as long as propodus; merus possessed 3–5 (mode 4) large setae on posterior margin of outer surface, 8.29–11.00 (median 9.09) × as long as wide, 1.66–2.13 (median 2.06) × as long as carpus; ischium without spiniform seta.</p><p>P 5 slender (Fig. 18 J); dactylus with 30–42 spiniform setae on flexor margin (Fig. 18 I), 2.87–4.53 (median 3.41) × as long as wide (including terminal claw), terminating with one large claw; propodus bearing numerous spiniform setae on posterior margin, 16.13–19.53 (median 17.57) × as long as wide, 4.72–7.47 (median 5.51) × as long as dactylus; carpus possessed 1–4 (mode 3) setae on posterior margin of outer surface, the distal seta largest, the other setae minute, 4.47–7.06 (median 6.04) × as long as wide, 0.40–0.52 (median 0.45) as long as propodus; merus possessed one or two (mode 2) large setae on posterior margin of outer surface, 7.47–9.04 (median 8.29) × as long as wide, 1.40–1.87 (median 1.68) × as long as carpus; ischium without spiniform seta.</p><p>Male pleopods (n = 10). Pl 1 endopod subtriangular (Fig. 18 O), wider proximally, 1.62–2.73 (median 1.96) × as long as wide, 0.20–0.27 (median 0.24) of exopod length, with elongated appendix interna emerged near the tip. Pl 2 appendix masculina rod-shaped (Fig. 18 P), slender with many setae, 0.56–0.79 (median 0.68) as long as endopod; appendix interna reaching 0.55–0.70 (median 0.63) of appendix masculina length.</p><p>Abdomen (n = 10). Sixth abdominal somite ~ 0.59–0.70 (median 0.66) of cl, 1.75–2.13 (median 1.96) × as long as fifth somite, 0.85–1.03 (median 0.95) × as long as telson (Fig. 18 A). Telson 3.24–4.16 (median 3.48; Fig. 18 N) × as long as wide, with three or four pairs (mode 4) of dorsal spiniform setae and one pair of dorsolateral spiniform setae; distal margin round with posteromedian projection and 6–8 moveable plumose setae, similar in length (Fig. 18 M). Preanal carina subtriangular, with few setae, without a spine (Fig. 18 L). Uropodal diaeresis with 11–15 moveable spiniform setae (Fig. 18 K).</p><p>Embryos. Ovigerous females with 515–1,483 embryos (mean 847, n = 10). Size of eye-developed embryos 0.38–0.44 × 0.22–0.29 mm (n = 50).</p><p>Coloration.</p><p>Body either deep-sea blue or brownish grey and furnished with many sandy brown, graphite, and bistre patches, and many small dark spots. Rostrum translucent or either olive green or smokey grey. Ventral region of rostrum darker than the upper region. Cephalic region, the last two somites, and telson are darker than other parts. Embryos clay brown to greenish brown (Fig. 14 F).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, the Philippines, Indonesia (Borneo), India, Sri Lanka, and Australia (Cai et al. 2007; Richard and Clark 2014; this study). In southern Thailand, C. peninsularis is widely distributed throughout the southern part of the peninsula (Fig. 5 D). This species is common to lowland rivers and streams. They are found living on aquatic vegetations, under rocks along the banks, where the bottom substrate can be gravel, sand, or mud.</p><p>Phylogenetic placement.</p><p>Our molecular analyses support the monophyly of C. peninsularis (BS = 85 %, BPP = 0.99) and place it in the C. nilotica group (Fig. 3). It is sister to C. simoni with high nodal support (BS = 99 %, BPP = 1.00).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The morphology of C. peninsularis in our material agrees well with the original description by Kemp (1918 b), particularly with respect to the following characters: shape of rostrum, the rostral formula: (2–5) 21–32 / 7–14 vs (3–4) 21–37 / 6–17, P 1 carpus (2.44–3.73 × as long as wide vs 2.2–2.6), P 3 dactylus (2.54–3.33 × as long as wide vs 2.0–2.6), setae on posterior margin of P 3 merus (3–5 vs 2–4), spiniform setae on P 3 dactylus (4–6 vs 5–7), spiniform setae on P 5 dactylus (30–42 vs 29–43), dorsal spiniform setae on telson (3–4 pairs vs 3–5 pairs), spiniform setae on uropodal diaeresis (11–14 vs 12–14), and embryo size (0.37–0.42 × 0.20–0.27 mm vs 0.35–0.42 × 0.25–0.30 mm).</p><p>Additionally, the morphological of our specimens also match with that reported in subsequent studies: rostral formula: (2–5) 21–32 / 7–14 vs (2–3) 15–37 / 5–12 (Cai et al. 2007) rostral length 0.86–1.04 × as long as cl (vs 0.85–1.0; Richard and Clark 2014), P 1 dactylus (1.13–2.03 × as long as palm vs 1.2–1.6; Cai et al. 2007; Richard and Clark 2014), P 1 carpus (2.44–3.73 × as long as wide vs 2.5–3.1; Cai et al. 2007; Richard and Clark 2014), P 2 chela (2.38–2.91 × as long as wide vs 2.7–3.2; Richard and Clark 2014), P 2 dactylus (1.12–2.10 × as long as palm vs 1.2–1.7; Cai et al. 2007; Richard and Clark 2014), P 3 dactylus (2.54–3.33 × as long as wide vs 2.5–4.0; Cai et al. 2007; Richard and Clark 2014), spiniform setae on P 3 dactylus (4–6 vs 4–8; Cai et al. 2007; Richard and Clark 2014), spiniform setae on P 5 dactylus (30–42 vs 38–50; Cai et al. 2007; Richard and Clark 2014), sixth abdominal somite (0.59–0.70 × as long as cl vs 0.60–0.75; Richard and Clark 2014), and embryo size (0.37–0.42 × 0.20–0.27 mm vs 0.40–0.42 × 0.25–0.30 mm; Cai et al. 2007).</p><p>However, our specimens tend to have a stouter P 1 chela (1.78–2.28 × as long as wide vs 2.1–2.5; Cai et al. 2007; Richard and Clark 2014), slightly slenderer P 2 carpus (4.98–6.70 × as long as wide vs 4.9–5.8; Kemp 1918 b; Cai et al. 2007), slenderer P 3 propodus (6.21–8.93 × as long as dactylus vs 4.5–6.6; Kemp 1918 b; Cai et al. 2007; Richard and Clark 2014). Moreover, our ovigerous specimens carry smaller embryos (0.37–0.42 × 0.20–0.27 mm vs 0.49–0.58 × 0.23–0.35 mm; Richard and Clark 2014).</p><p>Caridina peninsularis can be distinguished from C. brachydactyla and C. simoni by its rostral features. The dorsal teeth of C. peninsularis appear throughout the dorsal margin (vs appear only in the proximally 1 / 2 in the latter two species), and subapical teeth on the dorsal margin are absent (vs present in the latter two species) (Cai et al. 2007; Richard and Clark 2010, 2014).</p><p>Caridina peninsularis can also be separated from other species in the C. nilotica group occurring in southern Thailand by the following characters. Its dorsal teeth on the rostrum appear on the entire dorsal margin (vs not present beyond the proximal 2 / 3 in C. gracilipes and C. macrophora). The preanal carina of C. peninsularis is subtriangular and lacks a spine (vs subtriangular with a spine in C. gracilipes, and vs rounded without a spine in C. macrophora). Furthermore, the embryo size of C. peninsularis is considerably smaller than that of C. macrophora (0.37–0.42 × 0.20–0.27 mm vs 0.79–0.98 × 0.49–0.60 mm), but comparable to that of C. gracilipes (0.38–0.44 × 0.22–0.29 mm).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F861CF180452506EA823BFFF3F5D9299	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Macharoenboon, Kongkit;von Rintelen, Thomas;Klotz, Werner;Sutcharit, Chirasak;Siriwut, Warut;Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai	Macharoenboon, Kongkit, von Rintelen, Thomas, Klotz, Werner, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Siriwut, Warut, Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai (2026): A taxonomic review of the freshwater shrimp genus Caridina H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Decapoda, Atyidae) from southern Thailand, with descriptions of five new species. ZooKeys 1292: 1-126, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1292.193168
FD8AE1BD52605D8FB9411B6DDA0AEF21.text	FD8AE1BD52605D8FB9411B6DDA0AEF21.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caridina rangoona Cai & Ng 2000	<div><p>Caridina cf. rangoona Cai &amp; Ng, 2000</p><p>Figs 5 E, 22, 23 A</p><p>Caridina rangoona Cai &amp; Ng, 2000: 939, fig. 6. Type locality 17°09.97'N, 96°99.20'E, Win Paw Hta River, near border between Pegu (Bago) and Yangon, Yangon State, Myanmar.</p><p>Caridina rangoona — Cai and Naiyanetr 2024: 784.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Eleven lots (see Suppl. material 1: Data S 1).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Cephalothorax and cephalic appendage (n = 5). cl 2.70–4.00 (median 3.25; Fig. 22 A, C, D) mm, width 2.59–3.00 (median 2.66) mm. Rostrum straight or slightly curved down anteriorly (Fig. 22 A – D), reaching between the third segment of antennular peduncle or slightly beyond (Fig. 22 B), 0.57–0.75 (median 0.72) as long as cl. Rostral formula: (4–6) 17–22 / 4–7, dorsal teeth usually placed throughout dorsal margin. Antennal spine placed below inferior orbital angle, spine fused with or slightly separated from orbital margin. Pterygostomian margin round. Eye well developed, anterior end reaching to 0.46–0.66 (median 0.59) of first segment of antennular peduncle. Antennular peduncle 0.63–0.84 (median 0.76; Fig. 22 A – D) as long as cl, first segment 1.38–1.65 (median 1.57) × as long as second segment, second segment 1.49–2.33 (median 1.74) × as long as third segment. Tooth on distolateral margin of first segment of antennular peduncle acute and well developed. Stylocerite reaching to 0.71–0.82 (median 0.80) of first segment of antennular peduncle. Scaphocerite 3.24–3.57 (median 3.49) × as long as wide, distal margin with short plumose setae.</p><p>Branchial and mouthparts (n = 3). Podobranch on second maxilliped well developed. Third maxilliped possessed two small arthrobranchs. Pleurobranchs present on all pereopods. Third maxilliped reaching to end of second segment of antennular peduncle; ultimate segment of endopod ending with one large claw and seven or eight spiniform setae on distal 1 / 3 of posterior margin, 0.87–0.93 (median 0.89, n = 5) as long as penultimate segment.</p><p>Pereopods (n = 5). Epipods present on first two pereopods, reduced on third pereopod, absent in last two pereopods. Chelae of P 1 and P 2 well developed.</p><p>P 1 short (Fig. 22 E); chela 2.27–2.82 (median 2.50) × as long as wide, 1.25–1.36 (median 1.33) × as long as carpus, tips of fingers rounded, with tufts of setae near tip; dactylus 1.22–1.63 (median 1.55) × as long as palm; carpus stout, excavated distally, 2.11–2.92 (median 2.56) × as long as wide, 1.03–1.23 (median 1.15) × as long as merus; merus 2.64–3.46 (median 2.83) × as long as wide, 0.97–1.15 (median 1.04) × as long as ischium.</p><p>P 2 slenderer, longer than P 1 (Fig. 22 F); chela 3.05–3.83 (median 3.51) × as long as wide, 0.76–0.83 (median 0.78) as long as carpus, tips of fingers rounded, with tufts of setae near tip; dactylus 1.40–1.73 (median 1.55) × as long as palm; carpus slender, 5.93–7.39 (median 6.77) × as long as wide, 1.32–1.52 (median 1.40) × as long as merus; merus 4.79–5.54 (median 5.16) × as long as wide, 0.88–1.12 (median 0.94) × as long as ischium.</p><p>P 3 not sexually dimorphic (Fig. 22 H); dactylus with 5–8 spiniform setae on flexor margin (Fig. 22 G), 3.72–4.60 (median 4.15) × as long as wide (including terminal claw), terminating with one large claw; propodus bearing numerous spiniform setae on posterior margin, 9.23–12.63 (median 11.79) × as long as wide, 3.59–4.35 (median 4.17) × as long as dactylus; carpus possessed three setae on posterior margin of outer surface, the distal seta largest, the other setae minute, 5.43–6.04 (median 5.67) × as long as wide, 0.56–0.61 (median 0.57) as long as propodus; merus possessed three large setae on posterior margin of outer surface, 7.26–9.47 (median 8.38) × as long as wide, 1.84–2.02 (median 1.97) × as long as carpus; ischium with one spiniform seta.</p><p>P 5 slender (Fig. 22 J); dactylus with 51–58 spiniform setae on flexor margin (Fig. 22 I), 4.73–5.95 (median 5.32) × as long as wide (including terminal claw), terminating with one large claw; propodus bearing numerous spiniform setae on posterior margin, 12.19–15.24 (median 14.54) × as long as wide, 2.69–3.33 (median 2.95) × as long as dactylus; carpus possessed three setae on posterior margin of outer surface, the distal seta largest, the other setae minute, 4.63–6.19 (median 5.59) × as long as wide, 0.48–0.54 (median 0.51) as long as propodus; merus possessed three large setae on posterior margin of outer surface, 6.29–8.32 (median 7.44) × as long as wide, 1.51–1.75 (median 1.62) × as long as carpus; ischium without a spiniform seta.</p><p>Male pleopods (n = 8). Pl 1 endopod subtriangular (Fig. 22 O), wider proximally, 2.08–2.89 (median 2.55) × as long as wide, 0.30–0.39 (median 0.35) of exopod length, without appendix interna. Pl 2 appendix masculina rod-shaped (Fig. 22 P), slender, with many setae, 0.50–0.73 (median 0.62) × as long as endopod; appendix interna reaching 0.76–0.90 (median 0.85) of appendix masculina length.</p><p>Abdomen (n = 5). Sixth abdominal somite ~ 0.52–0.68 (median 0.59) of cl, 1.52–1.81 (median 1.69) × as long as fifth somite, 0.83–0.92 (median 0.89) as long as telson (Fig. 22 A). Telson 3.36–3.97 (median 3.77; Fig. 22 N) × as long as wide, with three pairs of dorsal spiniform setae and one pair of dorsolateral spiniform setae; distal margin rounded without posteromedian projection, with one short median moveable seta and six moveable plumose setae, the lateral pair longest, the intermediate pair shortest (Fig. 22 M). Preanal carina round with a few setae and a spine (Fig. 22 L). Uropodal diaeresis with 14–20 moveable spiniform setae (Fig. 22 K).</p><p>Embryos. Ovigerous females with 195–370 embryos (mean = 300, n = 5). Size of embryos with eyes 0.37–0.46 × 0.24–0.31 mm (n = 50).</p><p>Coloration.</p><p>The body dark cyan, greyish brown, or dark grey, with grayish green or grey stripes and numerous dark spots. Rostrum quite translucent or thistle green. Cephalic region decorated with light stripes. Each abdominal somite dorsally decorated with light transverse bands. Embryos brown (Fig. 23 A).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Caridina cf. rangoona is distributed along the western side of southern Thailand (Andaman Sea; Fig. 5 E). This species inhabits various habitats, such as streams, ponds, lakes, lowland rivers, and brackish water, and can be found living on aquatic vegetation along the banks.</p><p>Phylogenetic placement.</p><p>The molecular analyses indicated C. cf. rangoona as monophyletic (BS = 100 %, BPP = 0.99; Fig. 4), and placed it in the C. laevis group, being sister to a clade of C. srivijaya sp. nov. and C. nangroma sp. nov. (BS = 100 %, BPP = 1.00; Fig. 4).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Our specimens are morphologically closest to C. rangoona described by Cai and Ng (2000), including P 1 dactylus (1.14–1.63 × as long as palm vs 1.5), P 1 carpus (2.11–2.92 as long as wide vs 2.3), P 3 dactylus (3.72–4.60 × as long as wide vs 4.3), and P 5 dactylus (4.73–5.95 × as long as wide vs 5.0). However, the morphology of C. cf. rangoona in our collection shows some differences from its original description by Cai and Ng (2000). The rostrum of our specimens is lanciform and often equal or reaching slightly beyond the end of third segment of antennular peduncle (vs reaching near the end of second segment of antennular peduncle). The preanal carina of C. cf. rangoona in our collection possesses a prominent spine (vs absent). P 5 dactylus possesses fewer spiniform setae (51–57 vs 65–67). Embryo size is relatively smaller than the original description (0.33–0.46 × 0.23–0.29 mm vs 0.6–0.7 × 0.31–0.40 mm). While this morphological difference could be attributed to either intraspecific variation or distinct lineages, the present study cannot confirm a definite taxonomic status because the molecular data for the C. rangoona type series is currently unavailable. Consequently, we assign these specimens as Caridina cf. rangoona pending further taxonomic revision and molecular evidence.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD8AE1BD52605D8FB9411B6DDA0AEF21	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Macharoenboon, Kongkit;von Rintelen, Thomas;Klotz, Werner;Sutcharit, Chirasak;Siriwut, Warut;Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai	Macharoenboon, Kongkit, von Rintelen, Thomas, Klotz, Werner, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Siriwut, Warut, Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai (2026): A taxonomic review of the freshwater shrimp genus Caridina H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Decapoda, Atyidae) from southern Thailand, with descriptions of five new species. ZooKeys 1292: 1-126, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1292.193168
8C398F1A0A365176A4E3884C30ED65BB.text	8C398F1A0A365176A4E3884C30ED65BB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caridina srivijaya Macharoenboon & von Rintelen & Klotz & Sutcharit & Siriwut & Jeratthitikul 2026	<div><p>Caridina srivijaya sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 5 E, 23 E, 23 F, 27, 28</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype. Thailand • ovigerous ♀, cl 2.59 mm; Surat Thani Province, Phrasaeng District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.9798&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.673" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.9798/lat 8.673)">Bang Sawan Spring</a>; 8.6730°N, 98.9798°E; MUMNH -CAR 502-H, coll. K. Macharoenboon, E. Jeratthitikul, W. Siriwut, P. Yongsiri &amp; P. Sapparojpattana, 18 December 2022 . Paratypes. Thailand • 8 ovigerous ♀, cl 2.38–2.73 mm; same data as for holotype; MUMNH -CAR 502-F 1 to F 6, F 8, and CAR 502- P 1 • 9 ♂, cl 1.66–2.15 mm; MUMNH -CAR 502-M 1 to M 9, coll. K. Macharoenboon, E. Jeratthitikul, W. Siriwut, P. Yongsiri &amp; P. Sapparojpattana, 18 December 2022 .</p><p>Other material.</p><p>One lot (see Suppl. material 1: Data S 1).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Cephalothorax and cephalic appendage (n = 7). cl 2.38–2.83 (median 2.67; Fig. 27 A) mm, width 1.72–2.14 (median 1.90) mm. Rostrum minute (Fig. 27 A), slightly pointed down, reaching at least the end of second segment of antennular peduncle, but not longer than the end of third segment of antennular peduncle (Fig. 27 B), 0.58–0.72 (median 0.64) as long as cl. Rostral formula: (4–5) 14–19 / 2–6. Antennal spine placed below inferior orbital angle, Pterygostomian margin round. Eye well developed, anterior end reaching to 0.61–0.78 (median 0.71) of first segment of antennular peduncle. Antennular peduncle 0.65–0.81 (median 0.71; Fig. 27 A, B) as long as cl, first segment 1.60–1.98 (median 1.73) × as long as second segment, second segment 1.28–2.07 (median 1.59) × as long as third segment. Tooth on distolateral margin of first segment of antennular peduncle acute and well developed. Stylocerite reaching to 0.74–0.86 (median 0.79) of first segment of antennular peduncle. Scaphocerite 2.93–3.34 (median 3.17) × as long as wide, distal margin with short plumose setae.</p><p>Branchial formula (n = 7). Podobranch on second maxilliped well developed. Third maxilliped possessed two small arthrobranchs. Pleurobranchs present on all pereopods.</p><p>Mouthparts (n = 3). Mandible without palp (Fig. 28 E); incisor process possessed three or four irregular teeth, and two rows of setae placed along inner margin; molar process truncated. Lower lacinia of maxillula sub – rectangular (Fig. 28 F), with many rows of plumose setae; upper lacinia elongate, inner margin straight, with numerous conical setae and distal setae; palp elongate, with one conical seta and few distal setae. Scaphognathite of maxilla wide anteriorly and tapering posteriorly (Fig. 28 C), ending in a tuft of setae and short marginal setae placed along proximal triangular process; anterior margin with long plumose setae; palp slender; upper and middle endites subdivided with many rows of marginal setae; lower endite partly fused with middle endite, with relatively longer marginal setae.</p><p>Palp of first maxilliped subtriangular (Fig. 28 D), ending in finger-like projection and with few plumose setae; caridean lobe broad, with marginal plumose setae; exopod well developed with distally marginal plumose setae; ultimate and penultimate segments of endopod indistinctly divided, with marginal setae. Ultimate and penultimate segments of endopod of second maxilliped incompletely divided (Fig. 28 B); inner margin of ultimate and penultimate segments with simple and pappose setae; exopod long and slender, with a tuft of long setae at the tip. Third maxilliped with epipod (Fig. 28 A), reaching to end of second segment of antennular peduncle; ultimate segment of endopod, with a row of strong setae at proximal 2 / 3 of posterior margin, ending in one large claw and 6–9 spiniform setae on distal 1 / 3 of posterior margin, 0.91–1.09 (median 0.98, n = 7) × as long as penultimate segment; exopod long and slender, with a tuft of long setae at the tip.</p><p>Pereopods (n = 7). Epipod well developed first two pereopods, reduced in third pereopod, and absent in last two pereopods. Chelae of P 1 and P 2 well developed.</p><p>P 1 short (Fig. 27 D); chela 1.68–2.01 (median 1.93) × as long as wide, 1.16–1.46 (median 1.42) × as long as carpus, tips of fingers rounded, with tuft of setae near tip; dactylus 1.05–1.49 (median 1.23) × as long as palm; carpus stout, excavated distally, 1.71–2.24 (median 1.91) × as long as wide, 1.04–1.54 (median 1.32) × as long as merus; merus 1.76–2.37 (median 2.08) × as long as wide, 0.96–1.09 (median 1.01) × as long as ischium.</p><p>P 2 slenderer, longer than P 1 (Fig. 27 E); chela 2.41–3.19 (median 2.96) × as long as wide, 0.79–0.99 (median 0.83) as long as carpus, tips of fingers rounded, with tuft of setae near tip; dactylus 1.31–1.78 (median 1.46) × as long as palm; carpus slender, 4.78–5.61 (median 5.16) × as long as wide, 1.20–1.59 (median 1.47) × as long as merus; merus 3.82–4.92 (median 4.25) × as long as wide, 0.95–1.12 (median 1.04) × as long as ischium.</p><p>P 3 not sexually dimorphic (Fig. 27 G); dactylus with six or seven (mode 6) spiniform setae on flexor margin (Fig. 27 F), 3.74–4.88 (median 4.33) × as long as wide (including terminal claw), terminating with one large claw; propodus bearing numerous spiniform setae on posterior margin, 11.31–15.51 (median 11.77) × as long as wide, 3.09–3.95 (median 3.48) × as long as dactylus; carpus possessed three setae on posterior margin of outer surface, the distal seta largest, the other setae minute, 3.74–6.27 (median 5.30) × as long as wide, 0.51–0.54 (median 0.53) as long as propodus; merus possessed four large setae on posterior margin of outer surface, 7.32–9.15 (median 8.42) × as long as wide, 1.77–2.40 (median 2.20) × as long as carpus; ischium with one spiniform seta.</p><p>P 5 slender (Fig. 27 I); dactylus with 41–55 spiniform setae on flexor margin (Fig. 27 H), 4.10–6.67 (median 5.07) × as long as wide (including terminal claw), terminating with one large claw; propodus bearing numerous spiniform setae on posterior margin, 12.39–17.12 (median 15.40) × as long as wide, 2.40–3.08 (median 2.78) × as long as dactylus; carpus possessed two or three setae on posterior margin of outer surface, the distal seta largest, the other setae minute, 4.33–5.47 (median 4.54) × as long as wide, 0.40–0.54 (median 0.45) as long as propodus; merus possessed three large setae on posterior margin of outer surface, 5.32–8.00 (median 7.11) × as long as wide, 1.21–1.98 (median 1.79) × as long as carpus; ischium without spiniform seta.</p><p>Male pleopods (n = 9). Pl 1 endopod subtriangular (Fig. 28 K), wider proximally, 2.20–2.81 (median 2.53) × as long as wide, 0.33–0.39 (median 0.35) of exopod length, without appendix interna. Pl 2 appendix masculina rod-shaped (Fig. 28 L), with many setae, 0.70–0.85 (median 0.80) as long as endopod; appendix interna very slender, reaching 0.72–0.87 (median 0.80) of appendix masculina length.</p><p>Abdomen (n = 7). Sixth abdominal somite ~ 0.48–0.57 (median 0.51) of cl, 1.65–2.00 (median 1.71) × as long as fifth somite, 0.71–0.95 (median 0.81) as long as telson (Fig. 27 A). Telson 2.85–3.46 (median 3.25; Fig. 28 I) × as long as wide, with three or four pairs of dorsal spiniform setae and one pair of dorsolateral spiniform setae; distal margin subtriangular, without posteromedian projection, with 6–8 moveable plumose setae, the lateral pair longest, the intermediate pair shortest (Fig. 28 J). Preanal carina low with a spine (Fig. 28 G). Uropodal diaeresis with 13–16 moveable spiniform setae (Fig. 28 H).</p><p>Embryos. Ovigerous females with 13–29 embryos (mean 21, n = 5). Size of embryos with eyes 0.80–0.88 × 0.47–0.58 mm (n = 50).</p><p>Coloration.</p><p>Body translucent, with numerous deep-sea blue spots. Rostrum translucent, with a few dark spots. Cephalic region darker than the other parts, decorated with black stripes. Embryos muddy green to dark brown (Fig. 23 E, F).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Thailand. The distribution of C. srivijaya sp. nov. is restricted to the type locality (Fig. 5 E). The shrimps were collected from an isolated freshwater spring located far from the coastal area. They were found to dwell densely within the root system of riparian plants and the stems and leaves of submerged plants.</p><p>Phylogenetic placement.</p><p>The molecular analyses indicated that C. srivijaya sp. nov. is monophyletic (BS = 100 %, BPP = 1.00; Fig. 4) and sister to C. nangroma sp. nov. (BS = 100 %, BPP = 1.00).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name refers to Srivijaya — the ancient empire existing from the 7 th to the 11 th century influencing the Malay Peninsula at some stage.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species can be separated from its relatives (i. e., other southern Thai species in the C. laevis species group) by characters of the rostrum and P 1 chelae. The rostrum of C. srivijaya sp. nov. is minute, straight, and slightly pointed down, and its P 1 chelae are much stouter compared to its relatives.</p><p>Caridina srivijaya sp. nov. is similar to C. nangroma sp. nov. in terms of morphology and genetics. They were recovered as a monophyletic with high support in our phylogenetic analyses (BS = 100 %, BPP = 1; Fig. 4). Both species share characteristics of their rostral formulae and number of spiniform setae on each appendage. However, C. srivijaya sp. nov. can be separated from C. nangroma sp. nov. by possessing a shorter and slenderer rostrum that is not wider at the middle of rostrum, stouter P 1 chelae (1.68–2.01 × as long as wide vs 2.12–3.24), stouter P 1 carpus (1.71–2.24 × as long as wide vs 2.33–2.88), stouter P 2 chela (2.41–3.19 × as long as wide vs 3.03–4.39), stouter P 2 carpus (4.78–5.61 × as long as wide vs 5.44–7.01), and bearing slightly larger embryos (0.80–0.88 × 0.47–0.58 mm vs 0.68–0.75 × 0.37–0.49 mm).</p><p>This new species also resembles C. propinqua, but differs by having shorter antennular peduncle (0.65–0.81 × as long as cl vs subequal to carapace length; Cai et al. 2007), higher number of spiniform setae on P 3 dactylus (6–7 vs 2–5; De Man 1908 a; Cai et al. 2007), shorter sixth abdominal somite (0.48–0.57 × as long as cl vs 0.8; Cai et al. 2007), and much larger embryos (0.80–0.88 × 0.47–0.58 vs 0.32–0.36 × 0.20–0.22; Cai et al. 2007).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8C398F1A0A365176A4E3884C30ED65BB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Macharoenboon, Kongkit;von Rintelen, Thomas;Klotz, Werner;Sutcharit, Chirasak;Siriwut, Warut;Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai	Macharoenboon, Kongkit, von Rintelen, Thomas, Klotz, Werner, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Siriwut, Warut, Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai (2026): A taxonomic review of the freshwater shrimp genus Caridina H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Decapoda, Atyidae) from southern Thailand, with descriptions of five new species. ZooKeys 1292: 1-126, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1292.193168
9C54F115ADA75973A14BE68C1D21FB79.text	9C54F115ADA75973A14BE68C1D21FB79.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caridina sumatrensis De Man 1892	<div><p>Caridina sumatrensis De Man, 1892</p><p>Figs 5 B, 8 C – E, 10</p><p>Caridina weberi var. sumatrensis De Man, 1892: 375, pl. 22, fig. 23 g. Type locality “ den Flüssen des unteren Battaklandes bei Deli, an der Ostküste von Sumatra ” [= River near Deli, east coast of Sumatra, Indonesia].</p><p>Caridina weberi var. sumatrensis — Kemp 1918 a: 99; Pillai 1964: 43.</p><p>Caridina weberi sumatrensis — Bouvier 1904: 132; Bouvier 1905: 75, 83; Kemp 1918 b: 292; Bouvier 1925: 247, fig. 567; Johnson 1961 b: 46.</p><p>Caridina sumatrensis — Wowor et al. 2004: 343, fig. 6 p, q; Cai and Shokita 2006 b: 246, fig. 6 c – f; Cai et al. 2007: 285, fig. 7; Naiyanetr 2007: 34; de Mazancourt et al. 2020: 40; Macharoenboon et al. 2024: 461, figs 4 e – f, 6; Cai and Naiyanetr 2024: 774, figs 2, 3.</p><p>Caridina weberi [non De Man, 1892] — Naiyanetr 2007: 34.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>40 lots (see Suppl. material 1: Data S 1).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Cephalothorax and cephalic appendage (n = 10). cl 4.05–5.82 (median 4.95; Fig. 10 A, C) mm, width 2.97–4.44 (median 3.58) mm. Rostrum slightly pointed downward (Fig. 10 A – C), with conspicuous basal ridge, reaching near the end of third segment of antennular peduncle (Fig. 10 B), or at least reaching beyond the end of second segment of antennular peduncle, 0.46–0.64 (median 0.51) as long as cl. Rostral formula: (3–6) 14–20 / 5–8, dorsal teeth usually placed throughout dorsal margin. Antennal spine placed slightly below inferior orbital angle. Pterygostomian margin subrectangular. Eye well developed, anterior end reaching to 0.53–0.72 (median 0.62) of first segment of antennular peduncle. Antennular peduncle 0.52–0.67 (median 0.56; Fig. 10 A – C) as long as cl, first segment 1.84–2.84 (median 2.14) × as long as second segment, second segment 1.00–1.77 (median 1.47) × as long as third segment. Tooth on distolateral margin of first segment of antennular peduncle well developed. Stylocerite reaching to 0.61–0.78 (median 0.71) of first segment of antennular peduncle. Scaphocerite 2.48–3.05 (median 2.73) × as long as wide, distal margin with short plumose setae.</p><p>Branchial and mouthparts (n = 3). Podobranch on second maxilliped well developed. Third maxilliped possessed one small and one large arthrobranchs. Pleurobranchs present on all pereopods. Third maxilliped reaching to end of second segment of antennular peduncle; ultimate segment of endopod ending with one large claw and six to eight spiniform setae on distal 1 / 3 of posterior margin, 0.77–0.90 (median 0.84, n = 10) as long as penultimate segment.</p><p>Pereopods (n = 10). Epipod well developed on first four pereopods. Chelae of P 1 and P 2 well developed.</p><p>P 1 short (Fig. 10 D); chela 1.67–2.31 (median 1.95) × as long as wide, 1.22–1.62 (median 1.42) × as long as carpus, tips of fingers rounded, with tuft of setae near tip; dactylus 0.99–1.42 (median 1.13) × as long as palm; carpus stout, excavated distally, 1.77–2.48 (median 2.18) × as long as wide, 0.79–0.97 (median 0.89) as long as merus; merus 2.40–3.14 (median 2.88) × as long as wide, 1.40–1.87 (median 1.69) × as long as ischium.</p><p>P 2 slenderer and longer than P 1 (Fig. 10 E); chela 2.67–3.61 (median 2.92) × as long as wide, 0.63–0.73 (median 0.69) as long as carpus, tips of fingers rounded, with tuft of setae near tip; dactylus 1.13–2.20 (median 1.62) × as long as palm; carpus slender, 4.82–6.25 (median 5.65) × as long as wide, 1.02–1.18 (median 1.09) × as long as merus; merus 5.67–6.81 (median 6.30) × as long as wide, 1.43–1.90 (median 1.62) × as long as ischium.</p><p>P 3 not sexually dimorphic (Fig. 10 G); dactylus with 5–8 (mode 5–6) spiniform setae on flexor margin (Fig. 10 F), 2.46–4.40 (median 3.21) × as long as wide (including terminal claw), terminating with one large claw; propodus bearing numerous spiniform setae on posterior margin, 8.97–11.99 (median 10.50) × as long as wide, 4.65–6.33 (median 5.39) × as long as dactylus; carpus possessed 4–6 (mode 4) setae on posterior margin of outer surface, the distal seta largest, the other setae minute, 5.93–7.49 (median 6.55) × as long as wide, 0.51–0.61 (median 0.56) as long as propodus; merus possessed 3–5 (mode 4) large setae on posterior margin of outer surface, 6.15–7.02 (median 6.59) × as long as wide, 1.73–2.31 (median 1.98) × as long as carpus; ischium with one spiniform seta.</p><p>P 5 slender (Fig. 10 I); dactylus with 34–47 spiniform setae on flexor margin (Fig. 10 H), 3.48–4.64 (median 3.96) × as long as wide (including terminal claw), terminating with one large claw; propodus bearing numerous spiniform setae on posterior margin, 15.35–18.56 (median 17.32) × as long as wide, 4.66–5.77 (median 5.23) × as long as dactylus; carpus possessed 1–4 spiniform setae on posterior margin of outer surface, the distal seta largest, the other setae minute, 4.69–6.34 (median 5.64) × as long as wide, 0.49–0.57 (median 0.52) as long as propodus; merus possessed one or two (mode 2) large setae on posterior margin of outer surface, 7.00–9.03 (median 7.55) × as long as wide, 1.46–1.74 (median 1.58) × as long as carpus; ischium without spiniform seta.</p><p>Male pleopods (n = 10). Pl 1 endopod subtriangular (Fig. 10 N), wider proximally, 2.02–3.05 (median 2.31) × as long as wide, 0.32–0.41 (median 0.34) of exopod length, with appendix interna emerged near the tip. Pl 2 appendix masculina rod-shaped (Fig. 10 O), with many setae, 0.59–0.78 (median 0.69) as long as endopod; appendix interna reaching 0.62–0.72 (median 0.65) of appendix masculina length.</p><p>Abdomen (n = 10). Sixth abdominal somite ~ 0.38–0.55 (median 0.45) of cl, 1.14–1.64 (median 1.47) × as long as fifth somite, 0.75–1.03 (median 0.86) × as long as telson (Fig. 10 A). Telson 2.37–3.11 (median 2.77; Fig. 10 M) × as long as wide, with four or five pairs (mode 5) of dorsal spiniform setae and one pair of dorsolateral spiniform setae; distal margin round with posteromedian projection and 6–9 moveable plumose setae, similar in length or lateral pair slightly longer than intermediate pair (Fig. 10 L). Preanal carina subtriangular, with a few setae, without a spine (Fig. 10 K). Uropodal diaeresis with 17–22 moveable spiniform setae (Fig. 10 J).</p><p>Embryos. Ovigerous females with 472–1,296 embryos (mean 776, n = 10). Size of eye-developed embryos 0.38–0.52 × 0.23–0.34 mm (n = 50).</p><p>Coloration.</p><p>Body color variable, being either reddish orange, bluish gray, or dark teal blue. Body usually decorated with numerous small dark spots. Rostrum yellow to gold. Each abdominal somite dorsally decorated with conspicuous light transverse bands. Embryos orange to dark brown (Fig. 8 C – E).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Indonesia (Sumatra), the Philippines, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Myanmar, and India (Kemp 1918 a, 1918 b; Cai et al. 2007; Cai and Naiyanetr 2024). In southern Thailand, C. sumatrensis is mainly distributed on the western coast of the peninsula (Andaman Sea; Fig. 5 B), with some populations being found in the basins draining to the Gulf of Thailand. This species inhabits a wide range of freshwater habitats, from coastal lowland rivers to headwater streams, where the bottom substrate usually consists of gravel or sand. Individuals are commonly found among aquatic vegetation along stream banks, within submerged root systems of riparian plants, beneath leaf litter, or on the undersides of rocks.</p><p>Phylogenetic placement.</p><p>Our molecular analyses show C. sumatrensis to be monophyletic (BS = 100 %, BPP = 1.00; Fig. 2) as part of the C. sumatrensis species group together with C. cf. babaulti, C. kuehnei sp. nov., and C. maeklongensis, but the relationship of these species is not resolved with support.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Caridina sumatrensis was originally proposed as a subspecies of C. weberi by De Man (1892). It was latter treated as a valid species by Wowor et al. (2004), where the name “ C. sumatrensis ” was first applied in the keys. This taxonomic treatment has been widely accepted in subsequent works (Cai and Shokita 2006 b; Cai et al. 2007; de Mazancourt et al. 2020; Cai and Naiyanetr 2024; Macharoenboon et al. 2024). Caridina sumatrensis differs from the typical form of C. weberi in being smaller but having a longer rostrum (extending near the end of third segment of antennular peduncle vs extending to base or near middle of second segment of antennular peduncle), the higher number of rostral teeth, particularly on the dorsal teeth (16–20 vs 10–19, usually 13–14) and the postorbital teeth (3–6 vs 0–2) (De Man 1892; de Mazancourt et al. 2020). They also differ in several characters beyond the rostrum structure, as follows. Caridina sumatrensis possesses slightly slender P 2 carpus (4.82–6.25 × as long as wide vs 4.8–5.5), smaller number of spiniform setae on P 5 dactylus (34–47 vs 47–66), slightly shorter appendix interna of male second pleopod (0.58–0.67 × as long as wide vs 0.75), smaller number of dorsal spiniform setae on telson (4–5 pairs vs 5–7 pairs), and smaller number of plumose setae at distal end of telson (6–8 vs 6–11) (de Mazancourt et al. 2020).</p><p>The rostral formula of our C. sumatrensis specimens matches well with the original description: (3–6) 14–20 / 5–8 vs (3–6) 16–20 / 5–6 (De Man 1892). Our specimens are also consistent with previous works in term of the rostral formula: (3–6) 14–20 / 5–8 vs (0–9) 12–24 / 3–6 (Kemp 1918 b; Pillai 1964; Macharoenboon et al. 2024); the rostral length (0.46–0.64 × as long as cl vs 0.50–0.60; Macharoenboon et al. 2024), the P 1 chela (1.95–2.33 × as long as wide vs 1.90–2.66; Cai and Naiyanetr 2024; Macharoenboon et al. 2024), the P 1 carpus (1.67–2.31 × as long as wide vs 1.60–2.66; Kemp 1918 b; Pillai 1964; Macharoenboon et al. 2024), the P 2 chela (2.67–3.61 × as long as wide vs 2.71–3.40; Macharoenboon et al. 2024), the P 2 carpus (4.82–6.25 × as long as wide vs 4.63–6.69; Cai and Naiyanetr 2024; Macharoenboon et al. 2024), spiniform setae on P 3 dactylus (5–8 vs 5–7; Kemp 1918 b; Pillai 1964; Macharoenboon et al. 2024), spiniform setae of P 5 dactylus (34–47 vs 27–49; Kemp 1918 b; Pillai 1964; Cai et al. 2007; Cai and Naiyanetr 2024; Macharoenboon et al. 2024), spiniform setae on uropodal diaeresis (17–21 vs 15–22; Cai and Naiyanetr 2024; Macharoenboon et al. 2024), and the embryo size (0.38–0.52 × 0.23–0.34 mm vs 0.40–0.46 × 0.22–0.29 mm; Cai and Naiyanetr 2024; Macharoenboon et al. 2024).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9C54F115ADA75973A14BE68C1D21FB79	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Macharoenboon, Kongkit;von Rintelen, Thomas;Klotz, Werner;Sutcharit, Chirasak;Siriwut, Warut;Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai	Macharoenboon, Kongkit, von Rintelen, Thomas, Klotz, Werner, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Siriwut, Warut, Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai (2026): A taxonomic review of the freshwater shrimp genus Caridina H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Decapoda, Atyidae) from southern Thailand, with descriptions of five new species. ZooKeys 1292: 1-126, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1292.193168
BBBF9DD488ED59CD9D8F17220D3E62E0.text	BBBF9DD488ED59CD9D8F17220D3E62E0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caridina takkola Macharoenboon & von Rintelen & Klotz & Sutcharit & Siriwut & Jeratthitikul 2026	<div><p>Caridina takkola sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 5 F, 23 G, 29, 30</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype. Thailand • ovigerous ♀, cl 3.16 mm; Surat Thani Province, Mueang District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.2816&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.1936" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.2816/lat 9.1936)">Phunphin Stream</a>; 9.1936°N, 99.2816°E; MUMNH -CAR 469-H, coll. K. Macharoenboon, E. Jeratthitikul, W. Siriwut, P. Yongsiri &amp; P. Sapparojpattana, 17 December 2022 . Paratypes. Thailand • 8 ovigerous ♀, cl 3.07–3.80 mm; same data as for holotype; MUMNH -CAR 469-F 1 to F 7 and CAR 469- P 1 • 8 ♂, cl 1.89–2.49 mm; same data as for holotype; MUMNH -CAR 469-M 1 to M 10, coll. K. Macharoenboon, E. Jeratthitikul, W. Siriwut, P. Yongsiri &amp; P. Sapparojpattana, 17 December 2022 .</p><p>Other material.</p><p>Three lots (see Suppl. material 1: Data S 1).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Cephalothorax and cephalic appendage (n = 7). cl 3.07–3.80 (median 3.60; Fig. 29 A) mm, width 2.41–2.98 (median 2.79) mm. Rostrum very short, convex (Fig. 29 A), reaching near or slightly beyond the end of first segment of antennular peduncle (Fig. 29 B), 0.44–0.52 (median 0.50) as long as cl. Rostral formula: (3–4) 13–18 / 1–2. Antennal spine placed below inferior orbital angle, fused with, or slightly separated from orbital margin. Pterygostomian margin round. Eye well developed, anterior end reaching to 0.45–0.68 (median 0.57) of first segment of antennular peduncle. Antennular peduncle 0.80–0.92 (median 0.84; Fig. 29 A, B) as long as cl, first segment 1.47–1.97 (median 1.59) × as long as second segment, second segment 1.40–2.18 (median 1.66) × as long as third segment. Tooth on distolateral margin of first segment of antennular peduncle acute and well developed. Stylocerite reaching to 0.77–0.89 (median 0.83) of first segment of antennular peduncle. Scaphocerite 3.28–4.03 (median 3.54) × as long as wide, distal margin with short plumose setae.</p><p>Branchial formula (n = 7). Podobranch on second maxilliped well developed. Third maxilliped possessed two small arthrobranchs. Pleurobranchs present on all pereopods.</p><p>Mouthparts (n = 3). Mandible without palp (Fig. 30 E); incisor process possessed 2–4 irregular teeth, and two rows of setae placed along inner margin; molar process truncated. Lower lacinia of maxillula sub – rectangular (Fig. 30 F), with many rows of plumose setae; upper lacinia elongate, inner margin straight, with numerous conical setae and distal setae; palp elongate, with one conical seta and few distal setae. Scaphognathite of maxilla wide anteriorly and tapering posteriorly (Fig. 30 C), ending in a tuft of setae and short marginal setae placed along proximal triangular process; anterior margin with long plumose setae; palp slender; upper and middle endites subdivided with many rows of marginal setae; lower endite partly fused with middle endite, with relatively longer marginal setae.</p><p>Palp of first maxilliped subtriangular (Fig. 30 D), ending in triangular projection and with few plumose setae; caridean lobe broad, with marginal plumose setae; exopod well developed with distally marginal plumose setae; ultimate and penultimate segments of endopod indistinctly divided, with many marginal setae. Ultimate and penultimate segments of endopod of second maxilliped incompletely divided (Fig. 30 B); inner margin of ultimate and penultimate segments with simple and pappose setae; exopod long and slender, with a tuft of long setae at the tip. Third maxilliped with epipod (Fig. 30 A), reaching to end of second segment of antennular peduncle; ultimate segment of endopod, with a row of strong setae at proximal 2 / 3 of posterior margin, ending in one large claw and nine or ten spiniform setae on distal 1 / 3 of posterior margin, 0.74–0.80 (median 0.79, n = 7) as long as penultimate segment; exopod long and slender, with a tuft of long setae at the tip.</p><p>Pereopods (n = 7). Epipod well developed on first two pereopods, reduced in third pereopod, and absent in last two pereopods. Chelae of P 1 and P 2 well developed.</p><p>P 1 short (Fig. 29 D); chela 1.91–2.28 (median 2.18) × as long as wide, 1.26–1.38 (median 1.32) × as long as carpus, tips of fingers rounded, with tuft of setae near tip; dactylus 1.20–179 (median 1.56) × as long as palm; carpus excavated distally, 2.27–2.70 (median 2.52) × as long as wide, 1.16–1.42 (median 1.39) × as long as merus; merus 2.29–2.70 (median 2.45) × as long as wide, 0.95–1.07 (median 0.99) × as long as ischium.</p><p>P 2 slenderer, longer than P 1 (Fig. 29 E); chela 2.48–2.93 (median 2.88) × as long as wide, 0.75–0.88 (median 0.82) as long as carpus, tips of fingers rounded, with tuft of setae near tip; dactylus 1.38–1.79 (median 1.60) × as long as palm; carpus slender, 5.20–6.10 (median 5.43) × as long as wide, 1.39–1.67 (median 1.60) × as long as merus; merus 3.72–4.73 (median 4.26) × as long as wide, 0.84–1.07 (median 0.93) × as long as ischium.</p><p>P 3 not sexually dimorphic (Fig. 29 G); dactylus with 4–6 (mode 4) spiniform setae on flexor margin (Fig. 29 F), 3.38–4.25 (median 3.87) × as long as wide (including terminal claw), terminating with one large claw; propodus bearing numerous spiniform setae on posterior margin, 11.76–14.20 (median 13.54) × as long as wide, 3.39–4.90 (median 4.21) × as long as dactylus; carpus possessed 2–4 setae on posterior margin of outer surface, the distal seta largest, the other setae minute, 4.73–6.02 (median 5.71) × as long as wide, 0.50–0.57 (median 0.52) as long as propodus; merus possessed 3–5 (mode 4) large setae on posterior margin of outer surface, 8.16–9.38 (median 8.65) × as long as wide, 1.87–2.22 (median 2.10) × as long as carpus; ischium with one spiniform seta.</p><p>P 5 slender (Fig. 29 I); dactylus with 59–67 spiniform setae on flexor margin (Fig. 29 H), 4.35–6.34 (median 5.34) × as long as wide (including terminal claw), terminating with one large claw; propodus bearing numerous spiniform setae on posterior margin, 14.36–15.86 (median 15.11) × as long as wide, 2.58–3.13 (median 2.75) × as long as dactylus; carpus possessed 1–3 setae on posterior margin of outer surface, the distal seta largest, the other setae minute, 4.30–6.46 (median 5.49) × as long as wide, 0.41–0.51 (median 0.47) as long as propodus; merus possessed two or three (mode 2) large setae on posterior margin of outer surface, 7.36–9.62 (median 8.56) × as long as wide, 1.71–1.84 (median 1.76) × as long as carpus; ischium without spiniform seta.</p><p>Male pleopods (n = 8). Pl 1 endopod subtriangular (Fig. 30 K), wider proximally, 2.34–3.39 (median 2.85) × as long as wide, 0.25–0.31 (median 0.29) of exopod length, without appendix interna. Pl 2 appendix masculina rod-shaped (Fig. 30 L) with many setae, 0.47–0.65 (median 0.54) as long as endopod; appendix interna very slender, reaching 0.80–0.99 (median 0.87) of appendix masculina length.</p><p>Abdomen (n = 7). Sixth abdominal somite, 0.66–0.69 (median 0.67) of cl, 1.46–1.77 (median 1.67) × as long as fifth somite, 0.82–0.97 (median 0.91) as long as telson (Fig. 29 A). Telson 3.52–3.83 (median 3.73; Fig. 30 I) × as long as wide, with three pairs of dorsal spiniform setae and one pair of dorsolateral spiniform setae; distal margin subtriangular without posteromedian projection, six or seven moveable plumose setae, the lateral pair longest (Fig. 30 J). Preanal carina high, fin-shaped, without a spine (Fig. 30 G). Uropodal diaeresis with 12–15 moveable spiniform setae (Fig. 30 H).</p><p>Embryos. Ovigerous females with 85–149 embryos (mean 118, n = 7). Size of embryos with eyes 0.57–0.66 × 0.35–0.42 mm (n = 50).</p><p>Coloration.</p><p>Body translucent, with brown stripes and a few dark spots. Rostrum translucent. Cephalic region darker than the other parts. Embryos brown (Fig. 23 G).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Thailand. This species was collected from freshwater and brackish water near the coastal area of the Gulf of Thailand (Fig. 5 F). It inhabits lake and lowland rivers. Individuals are found living on aquatic vegetation along the banks.</p><p>Phylogenetic placement.</p><p>The molecular analyses indicated that C. takkola sp. nov. is monophyletic (BS = 100 %, BPP = 1.00; Fig. 4), and sister to C. johnsoni (BS = 100 %, BPP = 1.00).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The proposed specific name “ Takkola ” or “ Takōla ” refers to the name of a mysterious ancient port city believed to exist in southern Thailand. This major maritime port appears in at least two historical documents, which are “ Geography of Claudius Ptolemy ” and “ Milinda Pañha ” [= The Questions of Milinda]. It has been suggested that this city was founded approximately 2,000 years ago, located on the western coast of the Malay Peninsula.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Caridina takkola sp. nov. can be distinguished from other species from southern Thailand that belong to the C. laevis species group by the shape of rostrum. The rostrum of C. takkola sp. nov. is remarkable in being convex and very short, reaching near the end of first segment of antennular peduncle, 0.44–0.52 × as long as cl.</p><p>Based on the current phylogenetic tree, C. takkola sp. nov. is sister to C. johnsoni with maximum support (BS = 100 %, BPP = 1; Fig. 4). In addition, they share several key characteristics such as the proportion of segment on P 1 – P 5, the same number of spiniform setae on the P 3 dactylus (4–6) and a comparable number on the P 5 dactylus (59–67 vs 50–62), slender Pl 1 exopod (endopod 0.25–0.31 × as long as exopod vs 0.23–0.27), the number of spiniform setae on uropodal diaeresis (12–15 vs 11–15), the feature of plumose setae on distal end of telson (lateral setae longer than median setae). However, C. takkola sp. nov. differed distinctly from C. johnsoni in having much shorter (0.44–0.52 × as long as cl vs 0.62–0.75) and more convex rostrum (vs slightly curved downward rostrum), a fin-shaped preanal carina (vs low preanal carina), and its slightly smaller embryo size (0.57–0.66 × 0.35–0.42 mm vs 0.62–0.73 × 0.38–0.45 mm).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BBBF9DD488ED59CD9D8F17220D3E62E0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Macharoenboon, Kongkit;von Rintelen, Thomas;Klotz, Werner;Sutcharit, Chirasak;Siriwut, Warut;Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai	Macharoenboon, Kongkit, von Rintelen, Thomas, Klotz, Werner, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Siriwut, Warut, Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai (2026): A taxonomic review of the freshwater shrimp genus Caridina H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Decapoda, Atyidae) from southern Thailand, with descriptions of five new species. ZooKeys 1292: 1-126, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1292.193168
975263344E8757ED96A3C66A1EFE2AC1.text	975263344E8757ED96A3C66A1EFE2AC1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caridina tambralinga Macharoenboon & von Rintelen & Klotz & Sutcharit & Siriwut & Jeratthitikul 2026	<div><p>Caridina tambralinga sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 5 F, 23 H, 31, 32</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype. Thailand • ovigerous ♀, cl 2.90 mm; Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Sichon District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.8997&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.8876" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.8997/lat 8.8876)">Thathon Stream</a>; 8.8876°N, 99.8997°E; MUMNH -CAR 461-H, coll. K. Macharoenboon, E. Jeratthitikul &amp; N. Wutthituntisil, 17 June 2022 . Paratypes. Thailand • 6 ♀, cl 2.47–2.91 mm; same data as for holotype; MUMNH -CAR 461-F 2 to F 7 • 6 ♂, cl 1.61–1.95 mm; same data as for holotype; MUMNH -CAR 461-M 1 to M 6, coll. K. Macharoenboon, E. Jeratthitikul &amp; N. Wutthituntisil, 17 June 2022 .</p><p>Other material.</p><p>15 lots (see Suppl. material 1: Data S 1).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Cephalothorax and cephalic appendage (n = 6). cl 2.47–2.91 (median 2.73; Fig. 31 A, C) mm, width 2.13–2.43 (median 2.17) mm. Rostrum curved down (Fig. 31 A, C), slightly recurved near the tip, reaching at least the end of second segment of antennular peduncle (Fig. 31 B), usually longer than the end of third segment of antennular peduncle, 0.70–0.88 (median 0.78) as long as cl. Rostral formula: (3–5) 15–20 / 2–4. Antennal spine placed below inferior orbital angle, fused with, or slightly separated from orbital margin. Pterygostomian margin broadly round. Eye well developed, anterior end reaching to 0.55–0.65 (median 0.60) of first segment of antennular peduncle. Antennular peduncle 0.66–0.80 (median 0.77; Fig. 31 A – C) as long as cl, first segment 1.68–2.05 (median 2.00) × as long as second segment, second segment 1.28–1.56 (median 1.42) × as long as third segment. Tooth on distolateral margin of first segment of antennular peduncle acute and well developed. Stylocerite reaching to 0.71–0.85 (median 0.82) of first segment of antennular peduncle. Scaphocerite 2.99–3.25 (median 3.19) × as long as wide, distal margin with short plumose setae.</p><p>Branchial formula (n = 6). Podobranch on second maxilliped well developed. Third maxilliped possessed two small arthrobranchs. Pleurobranchs present on all pereopods.</p><p>Mouthparts (n = 3). Mandible without palp (Fig. 32 E); incisor process possessed four or five irregular teeth, and two rows of setae placed along inner margin; molar process truncated. Lower lacinia of maxillula round (Fig. 32 F), with many rows of plumose setae; upper lacinia elongate, inner margin straight, with numerous conical setae and distal plumose setae; palp elongate, emerged from the base of upper lacinia, with one conical seta and few distal setae. Scaphognathite of maxilla wide anteriorly and tapering posteriorly (Fig. 32 C), ending in a tuft of setae and short marginal setae placed along proximal triangular process; anterior margin with long plumose setae; palp slender; upper and middle endites subdivided with many rows of marginal setae; lower endite partly fused with middle endite, with relatively longer marginal setae.</p><p>Palp of first maxilliped subtriangular (Fig. 32 D), ending in conspicuous finger-like projection, and with few plumose setae; caridean lobe broad, with marginal plumose setae; exopod well developed with distally marginal plumose setae; ultimate and penultimate segments of endopod indistinctly divided, with many marginal setae. Ultimate and penultimate segments of endopod of second maxilliped incompletely divided (Fig. 32 B); inner margin of ultimate and penultimate segments with simple and pappose setae; exopod long and slender, with a tuft of long setae at the tip. Third maxilliped with epipod (Fig. 32 A), reaching to end of second segment of antennular peduncle; ultimate segment of endopod, with a row of strong setae at proximal 2 / 3 of posterior margin, ending in one large claw and 6–10 spiniform setae on distal 1 / 3 of posterior margin, 1.02–1.07 (median 1.05, n = 5) × as long as penultimate segment; exopod long and slender, with a tuft of long setae at the tip.</p><p>Pereopods (n = 6). Epipod well developed on first two pereopods, reduced in third pereopod, and absent in last two pereopods. Chelae of P 1 and P 2 well developed.</p><p>P 1 short (Fig. 31 E); chela 2.12–2.36 (median 2.21) × as long as wide, 0.99–1.15 (median 1.09) × as long as carpus, tips of fingers rounded, with tuft of setae near tip; dactylus 1.02–1.46 (median 1.14) × as long as palm; carpus hardly excavated distally, 3.10–3.78 (median 3.35) × as long as wide, 1.08–1.28 (median 1.17) × as long as merus; merus 2.70–3.29 (median 3.14) × as long as wide, 0.94–1.09 (median 1.00) × as long as ischium.</p><p>P 2 slenderer, longer than P 1 (Fig. 31 F); chela 3.15–3.70 (median 3.30) × as long as wide, 0.65–0.79 (median 0.75) as long as carpus, tips of fingers rounded, with tuft of setae near tip; dactylus 1.18–1.41 (median 1.24) × as long as palm; carpus slender, 6.54–8.70 (median 8.01) × as long as wide, 1.49–1.67 (median 1.56) × as long as merus; merus 4.20–5.28 (median 4.59) × as long as wide, 0.94–1.10 (median 1.02) × as long as ischium.</p><p>P 3 not sexually dimorphic (Fig. 31 H); dactylus with six or seven (mode 7) spiniform setae on flexor margin (Fig. 31 G), 3.82–4.57 (median 4.21) × as long as wide (including terminal claw), terminating with one large claw; propodus bearing numerous spiniform setae on posterior margin, 10.35–13.71 (median 11.90) × as long as wide, 2.98–3.37 (median 3.26) × as long as dactylus; carpus possessed three or four (mode 3) setae on posterior margin of outer surface, the distal seta largest, the other setae minute, 5.56–6.71 (median 5.81) × as long as wide, 0.52–0.66 (median 0.59) as long as propodus; merus possessed three or four (mode 3) large setae on posterior margin of outer surface, 7.40–9.40 (median 8.11) × as long as wide, 1.65–2.07 (median 1.97) × as long as carpus; ischium with one spiniform seta.</p><p>P 5 slender (Fig. 31 J); dactylus with 50–64 spiniform setae on flexor margin (Fig. 31 I), 5.48–6.82 (median 5.77) × as long as wide (including terminal claw), terminating with one large claw; propodus bearing numerous spiniform setae on posterior margin, 10.63–15.15 (median 11.10) × as long as wide, 2.09–2.45 (median 2.18) × as long as dactylus; carpus possessed three or four (mode 3) setae on posterior margin of outer surface, the distal seta largest, the other setae minute, 4.73–6.85 (median 5.39) × as long as wide, 0.49–0.58 (median 0.53) as long as propodus; merus possessed two or three large setae on posterior margin of outer surface, 6.24–8.29 (median 6.38) × as long as wide, 1.43–1.67 (median 1.54) × as long as carpus; ischium without spiniform seta.</p><p>Male pleopods (n = 6). Pl 1 endopod subtriangular (Fig. 32 K), wider proximally, 2.23–2.68 (median 2.38) × as long as wide, 0.30–0.36 (median 0.34) of exopod length, without appendix interna. Pl 2 appendix masculina rod-shaped (Fig. 32 L) with many setae, 0.52–0.76 (median 0.69) as long as endopod; appendix interna very slender, reaching 0.82–0.91 (median 0.85) of appendix masculina length.</p><p>Abdomen (n = 6). Sixth abdominal somite ~ 0.48–0.65 (median 0.55) of cl, 1.45–1.74 (median 1.48) × as long as fifth somite, 0.89–0.98 (median 0.94) as long as telson (Fig. 31 A). Telson 2.80–3.43 (median 3.04; Fig. 32 I) × as long as wide, with three or four pairs of dorsal spiniform setae and one pair of dorsolateral spiniform setae; distal margin round without posteromedian projection, with 5–7 moveable plumose setae, the lateral pair longest (Fig. 32 J). Preanal carina subtriangular, without spine (Fig. 32 G). Uropodal diaeresis with 13–15 moveable spiniform setae (Fig. 32 H).</p><p>Embryos. Ovigerous females with 16–34 embryos (mean 24, n = 6). Size of embryos with eyes 0.76–0.90 × 0.46–0.53 mm (n = 50).</p><p>Coloration.</p><p>Body grayish brown, with numerous dull brown spots. Rostrum is translucent, pale gray. Dorsally decorated with transverse sandy brown bands on each abdominal somite. Embryos are dark grayish brown (Fig. 23 H).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Thailand. Caridina tambralinga sp. nov. is distributed in the southern region of the peninsula (Fig. 5 F). Individuals inhabit both inland lotic and lentic freshwaters such as streams, lakes, lowland rivers, and ponds. They were found living on aquatic vegetation along the banks.</p><p>Phylogenetic placement.</p><p>The molecular analyses indicated that C. tambralinga sp. nov. is monophyletic (BS = 100 %, BPP = 1.00; Fig. 4) and sister to C. temasek (BS = 100 %, BPP = 1.00).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name refers to Tambralinga — the ancient kingdom located on the Malay Peninsula, which existed from the 10 th to the 13 th centuries.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Caridina tambralinga sp. nov. is very similar to C. temasek . The close relationship between them is supported by both shared morphology and a robust phylogenetic relationship (BS = 100 %, BPP = 1; Fig. 4). However, they can be distinguished by several key morphological characters, including features of the male first pleopod, rostrum length, and embryo size. The endopod of the male first pleopod of C. tambralinga sp. nov. lacks an appendix interna but this character is notably present in C. temasek (Choy and Ng 1991; Cai et al. 2007; this study). In addition, the rostrum of C. tambralinga sp. nov. is longer than that of C. temasek (0.70–0.88 as long as cl vs 0.57–0.64). and the embryo size is also larger (0.76–0.90 × 0.46–0.53 mm vs 0.59–0.67 × 0.34–0.41 mm) (this study).</p><p>Caridina tambralinga sp. nov. is also similar to C. nangroma sp. nov. but differs by having slenderer P 1 carpus (3.10–3.78 × as long as wide vs 2.33–2.88), slenderer P 2 carpus (6.54–8.70 × as long as wide vs 5.44–7.01), unarmed preanal carina (vs spine present), and the larger embryo (0.75–0.91 × 0.46–0.52 mm vs 0.68–0.75 × 0.37–0.49 mm).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975263344E8757ED96A3C66A1EFE2AC1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Macharoenboon, Kongkit;von Rintelen, Thomas;Klotz, Werner;Sutcharit, Chirasak;Siriwut, Warut;Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai	Macharoenboon, Kongkit, von Rintelen, Thomas, Klotz, Werner, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Siriwut, Warut, Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai (2026): A taxonomic review of the freshwater shrimp genus Caridina H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Decapoda, Atyidae) from southern Thailand, with descriptions of five new species. ZooKeys 1292: 1-126, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1292.193168
F1CD91A0CE17505A93709A1BD06B38E9.text	F1CD91A0CE17505A93709A1BD06B38E9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caridina temasek Choy & Ng 1991	<div><p>Caridina temasek Choy &amp; Ng, 1991</p><p>Figs 5 F, 14 H, 21</p><p>Caridina temasek Choy &amp; Ng, 1991: 265, figs 1–5. Type locality freshwater stream in Sime Road, MacRitchie catchment area, Singapore, 01°20'14"N, 103°48'47"E.</p><p>Caridina temasek — Wowor et al. 2004: 343, fig. 7 i; Cai et al. 2007: 297, figs 13, 14; Cai and Naiyanetr 2024: 785.</p><p>Caridina cf. babaulti [non Bouvier, 1918] — Johnson 1961 a: 136, figs 21–24.</p><p>Caridina sp. — Ng 1990: 200; Ng, 1991: 120.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Five lots (see Suppl. material 1: Data S 1).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Cephalothorax and cephalic appendage (n = 6). cl 3.03–3.61 (median 3.44; Fig. 21 A, C) mm, width 2.30–3.04 (median 2.73) mm. Rostrum slightly curved down, wider near middle length and tapering toward the tip (Fig. 21 A, C), frequently reaching slightly beyond the end of second segment of antennular peduncle (Fig. 21 B), rarely reaching to the end of third segment of antennular peduncle, 0.57–0.64 (median 0.61) as long as cl. Rostral formula: (4–7) 14–18 / 0–5. Antennal spine placed below inferior orbital angle, fused with, or slightly separated from orbital margin. Pterygostomian margin broadly round. Eye well developed, anterior end reaching to 0.42–0.64 (median 0.48) of first segment of antennular peduncle. Antennular peduncle 0.67–0.79 (median 0.74; Fig. 21 A – C) as long as cl, first segment 1.77–2.07 (median 2.03) × as long as second segment, second segment 1.22–1.55 (median 1.42) × as long as third segment. Tooth on distolateral margin of first segment of antennular peduncle acute and well developed. Stylocerite reaching to 0.71–0.90 (median 0.79) of first segment of antennular peduncle. Scaphocerite 2.99–3.25 (median 3.19) × as long as wide, distal margin with short plumose setae.</p><p>Branchial and mouthparts (n = 3). Podobranch on second maxilliped well developed. Third maxilliped possessed two small arthrobranchs. Pleurobranchs present on all pereopods. Third maxilliped reaching to end of second segment of antennular peduncle; ultimate segment of endopod ending with one large claw and seven to nine spiniform setae on distal 1 / 3 of posterior margin, 0.90–1.00 (median 0.96, n = 5) × as long as penultimate segment.</p><p>Pereopods (n = 6). Epipod present on first two pereopods, reduced or absent on third pereopod, and absent in last two pereopods. Chelae of P 1 and P 2 well developed.</p><p>P 1 short (Fig. 21 E); chela 2.15–2.63 (median 2.22) × as long as wide, 0.99–1.25 (median 1.12) × as long as carpus, tips of fingers rounded, with tuft of setae near tip; dactylus 1.26–1.81 × as long as palm; carpus hardly excavated distally, 2.65–3.07 (median 2.97) × as long as wide, 1.19–1.48 (median 1.36) × as long as merus; merus 2.38–3.06 (median 2.72) × as long as wide, 0.89–1.04 (median 0.92) × as long as ischium.</p><p>P 2 slenderer, longer than P 1 (Fig. 21 F); chela 2.89–4.00 (median 3.13) × as long as wide, 0.60–0.78 (median 0.70) as long as carpus, tips of fingers rounded, with tuft of setae near tip; dactylus 1.06–2.09 (median 1.90) × as long as palm; carpus slender, 6.04–6.91 (median 6.31) × as long as wide, 1.51–1.77 (median 1.63) × as long as merus; merus 4.08–5.48 (median 4.86) × as long as wide, 0.86–1.02 (median 0.95) × as long as ischium.</p><p>P 3 not sexually dimorphic (Fig. 21 H); dactylus with 5–8 spiniform setae on flexor margin (Fig. 21 G), 3.89–4.17 (median 3.93) × as long as wide (including terminal claw), terminating with one large claw; propodus bearing numerous spiniform setae on posterior margin, 10.35–14.54 (median 11.32) × as long as wide, 3.18–4.37 (median 3.60) × as long as dactylus; carpus possessed three setae on posterior margin of outer surface, the distal seta largest, the other setae minute, 5.26–6.76 (median 5.74) × as long as wide, 0.50–0.61 (median 0.57) as long as propodus; merus possessed three large setae on posterior margin of outer surface, 7.51–8.24 × as long as wide, 1.78–2.23 (median 2.04) × as long as carpus.</p><p>P 5 slender (Fig. 21 J); dactylus with 59–80 spiniform setae on flexor margin (Fig. 21 I), 3.95–5.96 (median 4.61) × as long as wide (including terminal claw), terminating with one large claw; propodus bearing numerous spiniform setae on posterior margin, 12.05–15.44 (median 13.58) × as long as wide, 2.80–3.44 (median 2.99) × as long as dactylus; carpus possessed three or four (mode 3) setae on posterior margin of outer surface, the distal seta largest, the other setae minute, 4.84–5.36 × as long as wide, 0.44–0.52 (median 0.48) as long as propodus; merus 7.03–7.84 (median 7.14) × as long as wide, 1.57–1.76 (median 1.61) × as long as carpus.</p><p>Male pleopods (n = 5). Pl 1 endopod subtriangular (Fig. 21 O), wider proximally, 1.84–2.65 (median 2.01) × as long as wide, 0.26–0.32 (median 0.29) of exopod length, with a long appendix interna arising near distal end. Pl 2 appendix masculina rod-shaped (Fig. 21 P) with numerous long setae, 0.46–0.57 (median 0.51) as long as endopod; appendix interna very slender, reaching 0.84–0.96 (median 0.91) of appendix masculina length.</p><p>Abdomen (n = 6). Sixth abdominal somite ~ 0.51–0.58 (median 0.53) of cl, 1.28–1.61 (median 1.55) × as long as fifth somite, 0.82–0.95 (median 0.86) as long as telson (Fig. 21 A). Telson 2.46–2.99 (median 2.85) × as long as wide (Fig. 21 N), with three or four pairs of dorsal spiniform setae and one pair of dorsolateral spiniform setae; distal margin convex to broadly rounded, without posteromedian projection, with 6–9 moveable plumose setae, the lateral pair longest (Fig. 21 M). Preanal carina low, with or without a spine (Fig. 21 L). Uropodal diaeresis with 12–16 moveable spiniform setae (Fig. 21 K).</p><p>Embryos. Ovigerous females with 70–110 embryos (mean = 86, n = 5). Size of embryos with eyes 0.59–0.67 × 0.34–0.41 mm (n = 50).</p><p>Coloration.</p><p>Body slightly translucent, with blue and cream stripes on dorsal and dark spots throughout the body. Rostrum translucent. Embryos brown (Fig. 14 H).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia (Borneo), and Thailand (Cai et al. 2007; Cai and Naiyanetr 2024; this study). In southern Thailand, C. temasek can be found in the southern region of the peninsula (Fig. 5 F). This species inhabits streams and lowland rivers and can be found living on aquatic vegetation along the banks.</p><p>Phylogenetic placement.</p><p>The molecular analyses indicated that C. temasek is monophyletic (BS = 95 %, BPP = 0.99; Fig. 4). It was placed as a sister clade to C. tambralinga sp. nov. with high nodal support (BS = 100 %, BPP = 1.00).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species has been reported previously from southern Thailand in Songkhla and Narathiwat provinces (Cai et al. 2007). The morphology of our specimens aligns with the original description and those reported in the previous works, including the shape of rostrum (slightly sigmoid and reaching slightly beyond the end of second segment of antennular peduncle; Cai et al. 2007), the rostral formula: (4–6) 14–18 / 3–5 vs (4–6) 14–18 / 2–6 (Choy and Ng 1991), P 1 chela (2.15–2.63 × as long as wide vs 2.4–2.5; Choy and Ng 1991), P 2 chela (2.89–4.00 × as long as wide vs 3.0–3.8; Choy and Ng 1991; Cai et al. 2007), spiniform setae on P 3 dactylus (5–8 vs 6–10; Choy and Ng 1991; Cai et al. 2007), spiniform setae on P 5 dactylus (59–80 vs 55–72; Choy and Ng 1991; Cai et al. 2007), the presence of appendix interna on endopod of male first pleopod (Choy and Ng 1991; Cai et al. (2007), the same number of spiniform setae on uropodal diaeresis (12–16; Choy and Ng 1991; Cai et al. 2007). However, the observed embryo size is smaller than that of previous reports (0.59–0.67 × 0.34–0.41 mm vs 0.70–0.85 × 0.44–0.54 mm; Choy and Ng 1991; Cai et al. 2007).</p><p>Caridina temasek can be distinguished clearly from other species in the C. laevis species group by the presence of an appendix interna on the endopod of male first pleopod.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F1CD91A0CE17505A93709A1BD06B38E9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Macharoenboon, Kongkit;von Rintelen, Thomas;Klotz, Werner;Sutcharit, Chirasak;Siriwut, Warut;Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai	Macharoenboon, Kongkit, von Rintelen, Thomas, Klotz, Werner, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Siriwut, Warut, Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai (2026): A taxonomic review of the freshwater shrimp genus Caridina H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Decapoda, Atyidae) from southern Thailand, with descriptions of five new species. ZooKeys 1292: 1-126, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1292.193168
B4AE7AD752E35DDB9D6088F73F2CE792.text	B4AE7AD752E35DDB9D6088F73F2CE792.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caridina thai Cai & Naiyanetr 2024	<div><p>Caridina thai Cai &amp; Naiyanetr, 2024</p><p>Figs 5 A, 14 A</p><p>Caridina thai Cai &amp; Naiyanetr, 2024: 786, figs 6, 7. Type locality Muak Lek Waterfall, Muak Lek District, Saraburi Province, Thailand.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>One lot (topotype; see Suppl. material 1: Data S 1).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Thailand. Cai and Naiyanetr (2024) described C. thai from specimens collected from Muak Lek Waterfall, Saraburi Province in Central Thailand. Their examined materials also included two lots from southern Thailand (Chumphon and Nakhon Sri Thammarat provinces; Fig. 5 A). We have visited these localities, but we were unable to obtain C. thai in our surveys. Based on Cai and Naiyanetr (2024), this species is a stream specialist. They only live in lotic habitats, such as fast-flowing streams and waterfalls.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The present phylogenetic tree includes two topotype sequences of C. thai presently obtained by us in this study. Our molecular phylogeny indicates that C. thai belongs to the C. lanceifrons species group. It is placed as the sister species to C. lanceifrons, although with poorly nodal support. While these two species are very similar, C. thai differs from C. lanceifrons by possessing a greater number of spiniform setae on the P 5 dactylus (43 vs 26–34).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B4AE7AD752E35DDB9D6088F73F2CE792	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Macharoenboon, Kongkit;von Rintelen, Thomas;Klotz, Werner;Sutcharit, Chirasak;Siriwut, Warut;Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai	Macharoenboon, Kongkit, von Rintelen, Thomas, Klotz, Werner, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Siriwut, Warut, Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai (2026): A taxonomic review of the freshwater shrimp genus Caridina H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Decapoda, Atyidae) from southern Thailand, with descriptions of five new species. ZooKeys 1292: 1-126, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1292.193168
4BF1F3AB703F52D284CA80FB5BF2AC7C.text	4BF1F3AB703F52D284CA80FB5BF2AC7C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caridina typus H. Milne Edwards 1837	<div><p>Caridina typus H. Milne Edwards, 1837</p><p>Figs 5 A, 7, 8 A</p><p>Caridina typus H. Milne Edwards, 1837: 363, pl. 25, figs 4, 5. Type locality not specified. It was suspected to Mauritius Island, the Indian Ocean by later authors (see Bouvier 1925 and de Mazancourt et al. 2020).</p><p>Caridina typus — Miers 1879: 492; Richters 1880: 162, pl. 17, fig. 23; Pfeffer 1889: 35; De Man 1892: 367, pl. 21, fig. 22; Sharp 1893: 111; Ortmann 1894 a: 8; Ortmann 1894 b: 403; Weber 1897: 167 (in part); Hilgendorf 1898: 34; Nobili 1899: 232; Doflein 1900: 127; Roux 1904: 552; Lenz 1905: 385; Lenz 1910: 570; Bouvier 1904: 134; Borradaile 1907: 67; Edmondson 1935: 10, fig. 3 g – l; Kubo 1938: 83, fig. 13; Miyake 1938: 111, fig. 1; Kamita 1959: 21; Johnson 1960: 180; Johnson 1963: 27; Kamita 1963: 5, fig. 5; Holthuis 1965: 10, fig. 3; Johnson 1966: 418; Johnson 1969: 110; Holthuis 1969: 93; Ooishi 1970: 87; Tiwari and Pillai 1971: 86; Suzuki 1972: 10, figs 8–10; Fujino 1972: 7, fig. 8; Shokita 1975: 119; Shokita and Nishijima 1977: 187; Holthuis 1978: 30; Shokita 1979: 204; Shokita 1981: 15; Ng 1985: 161; Holthuis 1986: 590; Maciolek and Ford 1987: 628; Coetzee 1988: 62; Bright 1989: 34; Hayashi 1989: 310, fig. 168; Choy 1991: 356; Hung et al. 1993: 486, figs 1 c, 4 a – f; Suzuki et al. 1993: 56; Suzuki and Sato 1994: 60; Ng 1995: 189, fig. 7; Hamano and Honke 1997: 162; Chace 1997: 21; Choy and Marshall 1997: 26; Yeo et al. 1999: 225; Ebenezer and Richard 1999: 427, figs 1–3; Keith et al. 1999: 46; Ideguchi et al. 2000: 5; Short 2000: 61; Buden et al. 2001: 261; Leberer and Nelson 2001: 393; Day et al. 2001: 96, fig. 6.3; Choy and Marquet 2002: 219; Marquet et al. 2002: 222; Shokita et al. 2002: 76; Marquet et al. 2003: 68; Keith 2002: 100; Leberer and Cai 2003: 354; Shokita et al. 2003: 117; Cai and Anker 2004: 236, fig. 9 g; Cai et al. 2006: 412, figs 13–15; Cai and Shokita 2006 a: 2134; Keith et al. 2006: 62; Cai et al. 2007: 279; Cai and Ng 2009: 1094; Soomro et al. 2010: 721; Keith et al. 2010: 46; Soomro et al. 2011: 41; Saito et al. 2012: 27; Cook et al. 2012: 289, fig. 3; Soomro et al. 2013: 49; Bouchard et al. 2013: 9; Emmerson 2016: 162, 173; Fujita et al. 2016: 105; Soomro et al. 2016: 569; Soomro et al. 2020: 1333; Bernardes et al. 2017: 1 [in part; ARC clade]; de Mazancourt et al. 2017 b: 226, fig. 4; de Mazancourt et al. 2019 a: 167; Choy et al. 2019: 115; Rahayu and Annawaty 2019: 64; Klotz et al. 2019: 164, fig. 18; de Mazancourt et al. 2020: 34 –37, figs 2 d, 10; Imai et al. 2020: 63, fig. 3 a; Vijayamma et al. 2021: 409; Cai and Naiyanetr 2024: 770; de Mazancourt et al. 2024: 17, fig. 3 e; de Mazancourt et al. 2025: 66, figs 2 g, 5 f.</p><p>Caridina typa [sic] — Bouvier 1905: 88; Bouvier 1913: 465; Bouvier 1914: 699; Bouvier 1925: 249, figs 271–297; Roux 1926 a: 246; Roux 1926 b: 201; Riek 1953: 117; Choy and Horwitz 1995: 52.</p><p>Caridina exilirostris Stimpson, 1860: 29 . Type locality “ insulam Loo-choo ” [= Okinawa, Ryukyu Island, Japan].</p><p>Caridina typus f. typica Bouvier, 1925: 250, figs 272–295. Type locality “ Ile Maurice ” [= Mauritius], La Réunion, Madagascar, Saleyer, “ Celebes ” [= Sulawesi], “ Japonais ” [= Japan], “ iles Loo-choo ” [= Okinawa, Ryukyu Island, Japan].</p><p>Caridina typus f. caledonica Bouvier, 1925: 253, figs 296–297. Type locality “ Nouvelle Caledonie ” [= New Caledonia].</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Five lots (see Suppl. material 1: Data S 1).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Cephalothorax and cephalic appendage (n = 5). cl 5.31–6.79 (median 5.84; Fig. 7 A – C) mm, width 4.06–4.80 (median 4.61) mm. Rostrum unarmed dorsally (Fig. 7 A – C), straight or slightly curved down, reaching near the end of third segment of antennular peduncle (Fig. 7 B), 0.38–0.53 (median 0.47) as long as cl. Rostral formula: (0) 0 / 0–4. Antennal spine indistinctively fused with orbital margin. Pterygostomian margin round. Eye well developed, anterior end reaching to 0.42–0.63 (median 0.49) of first segment of antennular peduncle. Antennular peduncle 0.42–0.60 (median 0.56; Fig. 7 A – C) as long as cl, first segment 1.25–1.73 (median 1.59) × as long as second segment, second segment 1.07–1.63 (median 1.37) × as long as third segment. Tooth on distolateral margin of first segment of antennular peduncle well-developed. Stylocerite reaching to 0.81–0.95 (median 0.86) of first segment of antennular peduncle. Scaphocerite 2.57–2.97 (median 2.62) × as long as wide, distal margin with short plumose setae.</p><p>Branchial and mouthparts. Podobranch on second maxilliped well developed. Third maxilliped possessed one small and one large arthrobranch. Pleurobranchs present on all pereopods. Third maxilliped reaching to end of second segment of antennular peduncle; ultimate segment of endopod ending with one large claw and three to six spiniform setae on distal 1 / 3 of posterior margin, 0.74–0.88 (median 0.78, n = 5) as long as penultimate segment.</p><p>Pereopods (n = 5). Epipod well developed on first four pereopods. Chelae of P 1 and P 2 well-developed.</p><p>P 1 short (Fig. 7 D); chela 2.02–2.11 (median 2.07) × as long as wide, 1.33–1.46 (median 1.39) × as long as carpus, tips of fingers rounded, with tuft of setae near tip; dactylus 0.86–1.42 (median 1.17) as long as palm; carpus very stout, excavated distally, 1.33–1.70 (median 1.53) × as long as wide, 0.89–1.28 (median 1.00) × as long as merus; merus 1.92–2.70 (median 2.54) × as long as wide, 1.17–1.75 (median 1.41) × as long as ischium.</p><p>P 2 slenderer, longer than P 1 (Fig. 7 E); chela 2.80–3.14 (median 2.92) × as long as wide, 0.72–0.76 (median 0.75) as long as carpus, tips of fingers rounded, with tuft of setae near tip; dactylus 1.32–1.89 (median 1.55) × as long as palm; carpus slender, 4.69–6.85 (median 6.10) × as long as wide, 0.98–1.28 (median 1.10) × as long as merus; merus 4.74–6.07 (median 5.51) × as long as wide, 1.27–1.65 (median 1.53) × as long as ischium.</p><p>P 3 not sexually dimorphic (Fig. 7 G); dactylus with 5–7 (mode 6) spiniform setae on flexor margin (Fig. 7 F), 2.46–2.82 (median 2.61) × as long as wide (including terminal claw), terminating with one large claw; propodus bearing numerous spiniform setae on posterior margin, 8.86–10.37 (median 9.81) × as long as wide, 4.40–5.35 (median 5.01) × as long as dactylus; carpus possessed four setae on posterior margin of outer surface, the distal seta largest, the other setae minute, 4.29–5.44 (median 4.86) × as long as wide, 0.63–0.74 (median 0.68) as long as propodus; merus possessed four large setae on posterior margin of outer surface, 6.51–7.24 (median 6.71) × as long as wide, 1.90–2.30 (median 2.23) × as long as carpus; ischium with or without one spiniform seta.</p><p>P 5 slender (Fig. 7 I); Dactylus with 65–72 spiniform setae on flexor margin (Fig. 7 H), 3.58–4.69 (median 4.47) × as long as wide (including terminal claw), terminating with one large claw; propodus bearing numerous spiniform setae on posterior margin, 11.39–13.55 (median 12.81) × as long as wide, 3.28–3.62 (median 3.34) × as long as dactylus; carpus possessed three setae on posterior margin of outer surface, the distal seta largest, the other setae minute, 4.47–4.91 (median 4.49) × as long as wide, 0.51–0.53 (median 0.52) as long as propodus; merus possessed two or three large setae on posterior margin of outer surface, 6.29–6.95 (median 6.56) × as long as wide, 1.52–1.71 (median 1.59) × as long as carpus; ischium without spiniform seta.</p><p>Male pleopods (n = 7). Pl 1 endopod subtriangular (Fig. 7 N), wider proximally, 2.45–3.34 (median 3.09) × as long as wide, 0.34–0.41 (median 0.38) of exopod length, with appendix interna, emerging from distal 1 / 3 of endopod. Pl 2 appendix masculina rod-shaped (Fig. 7 O), slender with many setae, 0.63–0.77 (median 0.65) as long as endopod; appendix interna reaching 0.61–0.71 (median 0.67) of appendix masculina length.</p><p>Abdomen (n = 5). Sixth abdominal somite ~ 0.46–0.56 (median 0.53) of cl, 1.24–1.46 (median 1.37) × as long as fifth somite, 0.82–0.89 (median 0.88) as long as telson (Fig. 7 A). Telson 2.51–2.87 (median 2.76; Fig. 7 M) × as long as wide, with five or six pairs (mode 5) of dorsal spiniform setae and one pair of dorsolateral spiniform setae; distal margin subtriangular with posteromedian projection, 6–9 moveable plumose setae, median plumose setae slightly longer than lateral setae (Fig. 7 L). Preanal carina high, subtriangular, slightly skewed backward, with a few setae, without a spine (Fig. 7 K). Uropodal diaeresis with 19–21 moveable spiniform setae (Fig. 7 J).</p><p>Embryos. Ovigerous females with 976–1,242 embryos (mean 1,088, n = 5). Size of embryos with eyes 0.42–0.52 × 0.26–0.31 mm (n = 50).</p><p>Coloration.</p><p>Body orangish yellow to brown, furnished with numerous small dark spots. Rostrum pale brown. Cephalic region and dorsal abdominal somite darker than the other parts. Lower abdominal somite is thistle green. Each abdominal somite dorsally decorated with conspicuous light transverse bands. Embryos brown to dark brown (Fig. 8 A).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Caridina typus is widely distributed from the eastern coast of Africa (mainland South Africa, Madagascar, and Seychelles) to Melanesia (Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, and Fiji), including Japan and the Philippines (Bernardes et al. 2017; de Mazancourt et al. 2020, 2024). In southern Thailand, C. typus can be found at the western coast of the peninsula (Andaman Sea; Fig. 5 A). This species inhabits estuaries and lowland rivers near the coastal area, where the bottom substrate is gravel and sand. It is found on the water bottom, aquatic vegetation along the banks, or under rocks or leaf litter.</p><p>Phylogenetic placement.</p><p>The molecular analyses indicate that C. typus from Thailand is monophyletic (BS = 100 %, BPP = 1.00; Fig. 2) and nested with individuals from Pacific and Western Indian Ocean regions. It was placed as a sister to C. jeani (BS = 99 %, BPP = 1.00).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Bernardes et al. (2017) investigated the intraspecific phylogeny of C. typus by molecular phylogenetic analyses. Their findings indicated that the morphospecies ‘ C. typus ’ was paraphyletic, being clustered in four species-level clades. One clade corresponded to C. villadolidi sensu Bernardes et al. (2017) and three others were represented as the C. typus s. l. complex. Later, Cai (2025) and de Mazancourt et al. (2025) demonstrated that these three lineages correspond to C. jeani, C. typus s. s., and C. zhujiangensis .</p><p>In the present study, our specimens grouped with individuals from the C. typus s. s. clade, which comprises individuals from a broad geographic distribution extending from the Indian Ocean (Seychelles and Mascarene islands) to the Pacific Ocean (Langkawi, Philippines, Australia, and Melanesia) (Bernardes et al. 2017). This is congruent with the geographic distribution of C. typus in southern Thailand, which is found only at the western coast of the peninsula (Andaman Sea coast; Fig. 5 A).</p><p>Our C. typus specimens from southern Thailand show a similar morphology to previous reports, including the lack of dorsal teeth, but with 0–4 teeth on ventral margin (De Man 1892; Holthuis 1965; Tiwari and Pillai 1971; Ebenezer and Richard 1999; Cai and Anker 2004; Cai et al. 2006; de Mazancourt et al. 2020), rostrum length (0.38–0.53 as long as cl vs 0.3–0.6; de Mazancourt et al. 2020), P 1 chela (2.02–2.11 × as long as wide vs 1.9–2.7; Tiwari and Pillai 1971; Cai et al. 2006; de Mazancourt et al. 2020), P 1 dactylus (0.86–1.42 × as long as palm vs 0.6–1.3; Tiwari and Pillai 1971; de Mazancourt et al. 2020), P 1 carpus (1.33–1.70 × as long as wide vs 1.2–2.2; Tiwari and Pillai 1971; Ebenezer and Richard 1999; Cai et al. 2006; de Mazancourt et al. 2020), P 2 chela (2.80–3.14 × as long as wide vs 2.4–3.3; Tiwari and Pillai 1971; Cai et al. 2006; de Mazancourt et al. 2020), P 2 dactylus (1.32–1.89 × as long as palm vs 1.3–1.8; Tiwari and Pillai 1971; Cai et al. 2006; de Mazancourt et al. 2020), P 2 carpus (4.69–6.85 × as long as wide vs 5.0–6.5; Cai et al. 2006; de Mazancourt et al. 2020), spiniform setae on P 3 dactylus (5–7 vs 4–7; Holthuis 1965; Tiwari and Pillai 1971; Ebenezer and Richard 1999; de Mazancourt et al. 2020; Cai et al. 2006), P 3 dactylus (2.46–2.82 × as long as wide vs 2.4–3.4; Cai et al. 2006; de Mazancourt et al. 2020), spiniform setae on P 5 dactylus (65–72 vs 33–81; Cai et al. 2006; de Mazancourt et al. 2020), P 5 dactylus (3.58–4.69 × as long as wide vs 3.2–5.1; Ebenezer and Richard 1999; Cai et al. 2006; de Mazancourt et al. 2020), the sixth abdominal somite (0.43–0.52 as long as cl vs 0.43–0.48; de Mazancourt et al. 2020), dorsal spiniform setae on telson (5–6 pairs vs 4–6 pairs; Holthuis 1965; Tiwari and Pillai 1971; Ebenezer and Richard 1999; Cai et al. 2006; de Mazancourt et al. 2020), plumose setae on distal end of telson (6–9 vs 4–10; Holthuis 1965; Tiwari and Pillai 1971; Ebenezer and Richard 1999; Cai et al. 2006; de Mazancourt et al. 2020), spiniform setae on uropodal diaeresis (19–21 vs 15–24; Ebenezer and Richard 1999; Cai et al. 2006; de Mazancourt et al. 2020), and small embryo size (0.42–0.52 × 0.26–0.31 mm vs 0.37–0.54 × 0.23–0.32 mm; Tiwari and Pillai 1971; Ebenezer and Richard 1999; Cai et al. 2006; de Mazancourt et al. 2020).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4BF1F3AB703F52D284CA80FB5BF2AC7C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Macharoenboon, Kongkit;von Rintelen, Thomas;Klotz, Werner;Sutcharit, Chirasak;Siriwut, Warut;Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai	Macharoenboon, Kongkit, von Rintelen, Thomas, Klotz, Werner, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Siriwut, Warut, Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai (2026): A taxonomic review of the freshwater shrimp genus Caridina H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Decapoda, Atyidae) from southern Thailand, with descriptions of five new species. ZooKeys 1292: 1-126, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1292.193168
77BE255A74DA5E2F97CF59995C783CFD.text	77BE255A74DA5E2F97CF59995C783CFD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caridina zhujiangensis Chen, Chen & Guo 2018	<div><p>Caridina zhujiangensis Chen, Chen &amp; Guo, 2018</p><p>Figs 5 A, 8 B, 9</p><p>Caridina zhujiangensis Chen et al., 2018: 319, figs 4–6. Type locality “ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.70083&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.018333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.70083/lat 22.018333)">near the Resort Hotel</a>, Dong’ao Island, Guangdong Province (22°01'06"N, 113°42'03"E) ", China .</p><p>Caridina zhujiangensis — Xu et al. 2020: 21, figs 6, 7; Chen et al. 2020: 18, figs 6, 7; Feng et al. 2021: 34, fig. 2; de Mazancourt et al. 2023 b: 291; Cai 2025: 7.</p><p>Caridina typus [non H. Milne Edwards, 1837] — Bernardes et al. 2017: 1 (in part; TAL clade).</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Two lots (see Suppl. material 1: Data S 1).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Cephalothorax and cephalic appendage (n = 10). cl 5.39–6.37 (median 5.94; Fig. 9 A – C) mm, width 3.68–4.41 (median 4.26) mm. Rostrum straight or slightly curved downward (Fig. 9 A, C), reaching beyond the end of first segment of antennular peduncle but not longer than the proximal 1 / 2 of third segment of antennular peduncle (Fig. 9 B), 0.30–0.39 (median 0.35) as long as cl. Rostral formula: (0) 0 / 0–4, ventral teeth minute, placed near the distal end. Antennal spine indistinctively fused with orbital margin. Pterygostomian margin broadly round. Eye well developed, anterior end reaching to 0.55–0.69 (median 0.62) of first segment of antennular peduncle. Antennular peduncle 0.44–0.58 (median 0.53; Fig. 9 A – C) as long as cl, first segment 1.61–2.32 (median 1.81) × as long as second segment, second segment 1.19–2.03 (median 1.51) × as long as third segment. Tooth on distolateral margin of first segment of antennular peduncle well-developed. Stylocerite reaching to 0.69–0.86 (median 0.72) of first segment of antennular peduncle. Scaphocerite 2.31–2.75 (median 2.46) × as long as wide, distal margin with short plumose setae.</p><p>Branchial and mouthparts (n = 3). Podobranch on second maxilliped well-developed. Third maxilliped possessed one small and one large arthrobranch. Pleurobranchs present on all pereopods. Third maxilliped reaching to end of second segment of antennular peduncle; ultimate segment of endopod ending with one large claw and four or five spiniform setae on distal 1 / 3 of posterior margin, 0.75–0.91 (median 0.84, n = 10) as long as penultimate segment.</p><p>Pereopods (n = 10). Epipod well-developed on first four pereopods. Chelae of P 1 and P 2 well developed.</p><p>P 1 short (Fig. 9 D); chela 1.88–2.31 (median 2.04) × as long as wide, 1.26–1.75 (median 1.50) × as long as carpus, tips of fingers rounded, with tuft of setae near tip; dactylus 0.56–0.80 (median 0.72) as long as palm; carpus stout, excavated distally, 1.48–2.00 (median 1.72) × as long as wide, 0.75–1.19 (median 0.92) × as long as merus; merus 1.82–2.98 (median 2.33) × as long as wide, 1.18–1.95 (median 1.56) × as long as ischium.</p><p>P 2 slenderer, longer than P 1 (Fig. 9 E); chela 2.92–3.78 (median 3.18) × as long as wide, 0.64–0.79 (median 0.70) as long as carpus, tips of fingers rounded, with tuft of setae near tip; dactylus 1.21–1.75 (median 1.48) × as long as palm; carpus slender, excavated distally, 5.12–5.97 (median 5.60) × as long as wide, 0.95–1.09 (median 1.06) × as long as merus; merus 5.51–7.69 (median 7.01) × as long as wide, 1.31–1.70 (median 1.49) × as long as ischium.</p><p>P 3 not sexually dimorphic (Fig. 9 G); dactylus with 3–6 (mode 4) spiniform setae on flexor margin (Fig. 9 F), 2.80–4.50 (median 3.88) × as long as wide (including terminal claw), terminating with one large claw; propodus bearing numerous spiniform setae on posterior margin, 8.73–12.25 (median 9.91) × as long as wide, 5.19–6.84 (median 6.14) × as long as dactylus; carpus possessed three or four (mode 4) small setae on posterior margin of outer surface, the distal seta largest, the other setae minute, 4.55–6.07 (median 5.87) × as long as wide, 0.73–0.88 (median 0.77) as long as propodus; merus possessed 2–5 (mode 4) large setae on posterior margin of outer surface, 6.02–7.89 (median 7.29) × as long as wide, 1.74–2.14 (median 2.05) × as long as carpus; ischium without spiniform seta.</p><p>P 5 slender (Fig. 9 I); dactylus with 64–81 spiniform setae on flexor margin (Fig. 9 H), 3.78–5.13 (median 4.61) × as long as wide (including terminal claw), terminating with one large claw; propodus bearing numerous spiniform setae on posterior margin, 12.22–15.20 (median 14.10) × as long as wide, 3.39–4.47 (median 3.54) × as long as dactylus; carpus possessed 1–3 (mode 3) small setae on posterior margin of outer surface, the distal seta largest, the other setae minute, 4.21–5.89 (median 5.17) × as long as wide, 0.43–0.56 (median 0.51) as long as propodus; merus possessed two large setae on posterior margin of outer surface, 6.06–7.17 (median 6.88) × as long as wide, 1.41–1.65 (median 1.50) × as long as carpus; ischium without spiniform seta.</p><p>Male pleopods (n = 10). Pl 1 endopod subtriangular (Fig. 9 N), wider proximally, 3.38–3.78 (median 3.59) × as long as wide, 0.34–0.53 (median 0.43) of exopod length; appendix interna long with curly bristles at the tip, emerging from distal 1 / 3 of endopod. Pl 2 appendix masculina rod-shaped (Fig. 9 O) with many setae, 0.54–0.72 (median 0.66) as long as endopod; appendix interna reaching 0.45–0.63 (median 0.57) of appendix masculina length.</p><p>Abdomen (n = 10). Sixth abdominal somite ~ 0.44–0.54 (median 0.47) of cl, 1.24–1.67 (median 1.36) × as long as fifth somite, 0.75–1.02 (median 0.91) × as long as telson (Fig. 9 A). Telson 2.39–2.84 (median 2.75; Fig. 9 M) × as long as wide, with 4–6 pairs (mode 5, 6) of dorsal spiniform setae and one pair of dorsolateral spiniform setae; distal margin subtriangular with posteromedian projection, 8–10 moveable plumose setae, similar in length (Fig. 9 L). Preanal carina large, subtriangular, with a few setae, without a spine (Fig. 9 K). Uropodal diaeresis with 20–22 moveable spiniform setae (Fig. 9 J).</p><p>Embryos. Ovigerous females with 694–1,277 embryos (mean 999, n = 5). Size of embryos with eyes 0.40–0.45 × 0.24–0.27 mm (n = 50).</p><p>Coloration.</p><p>Body gray to mist blue, decorated with numerous small dark spots. Rostrum orange to pale brown. Body darker dorsally than ventrally. Embryos bronze (Fig. 8 B).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>China (Guangdong), Thailand, the Philippines, and Indonesia (Bernardes et al. 2017; Chen et al. 2018; de Mazancourt et al. 2023 b; this study). In southern Thailand, C. zhujiangensis occurs in one location on the eastern coast of the peninsula (Gulf of Thailand; Fig. 5 A), inhabiting streams near the coast. Individuals are typically found beneath accumulations of leaf litter in shallow water over sandy and gravelly substrates.</p><p>Phylogenetic placement.</p><p>The examined C. zhujiangensis specimens formed a monophyletic clade in our molecular analyses (BS = 99 %, BPP = 1.00; Fig. 2). It was placed in the C. typus species group as the basal-most clade.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Our specimens possess some different traits to individuals from Dong’ao Island, Guangdong Province, China used in the original description by Chen et al. (2018), by having a longer rostrum (0.30–0.39 as long as cl and always reaching beyond the end of first segment of first antennular peduncle vs 0.15–0.19 as long as cl and reaching near the end of the first segment of antennular peduncle), slenderer P 2 chela (2.92–3.74 × as long as wide vs 1.9–2.5), slenderer P 2 carpus (5.12–5.97 × as long as wide vs 4.1–4.7), slenderer P 3 propodus (5.19–6.84 × as long as dactylus vs 3.4–4.2), a greater number of spiniform setae on P 5 dactylus (64–81 vs 45–48), slenderer P 5 dactylus (3.78–5.13 × as long as wide vs 2.3–3.9), and a slenderer endopod of male first pleopod (3.38–3.78 × as long as wide vs 2.5). Such variations are confirmed as intraspecific ranges by molecular analysis in this study. Sequences of our samples and those individuals collected from the same island of the type locality (Xu et al. 2020) were clustered together and formed a well-supported clade.</p><p>Although C. zhujiangensis and C. typus are genetically distinct (Bernardes et al. 2017; this study), their morphology is remarkably similar. The original description by Chen et al. (2018) proposed five characters to differentiate them. Caridina zhujiangensis possesses (1) a shorter rostrum (reaching near the end of first segment of antennular peduncle vs reaching near the end of second segment of antennular peduncle in C. typus), (2) a broader P 2 carpus (4.09–4.64 × as long as wide vs 5.4 as in C. typus), (3) fewer spiniform setae on the P 5 dactylus (45–48 vs 100 as in C. typus), (4) an appendix interna on endopod of male first pleopod that is longer than the endopod width and emerges from distal 1 / 3 of inner margin (vs shorter than proximal width and emerging from distal end of endopod as in C. typus), and (5) a shorter appendix interna of male second pleopod, reaching nearly 1 / 2 length of appendix interna (vs reaching ~ 0.9 as in C. typus).</p><p>Based on our present observations, these two species in southern Thailand exhibit a considerable degree of overlap in some traits. The number of spiniform setae on the P 5 dactylus is similar in both species (64–81 in C. zhujiangensis vs 65–72 in C. typus). The appendix interna on the endopod of the male first pleopod in both species originates from the distal 1 / 3 of the inner margin, which is consistent with previous reports (Ebenezer and Richard 1999; Cai et al. 2006; de Mazancourt et al. 2020). Furthermore, the P 2 carpus of C. zhujiangensis is as broad as that of C. typus (5.12–5.97 × as long as wide vs 4.69–6.85). Despite these similarities, we observed key morphological differences that are consistent with Chen et al. (2018). The rostrum of C. zhujiangensis is likely shorter than that of C. typus (0.30–0.39 as long as cl vs 0.38–0.53). The appendix interna on endopod of male first pleopod of C. zhujiangensis is much longer than that of C. typus (slightly longer than endopod width vs shorter than endopod width in C. typus). Additionally, we confirm that the P 1 dactylus of C. zhujiangensis is clearly shorter than that of C. typus (0.56–0.80 as long as palm vs 0.86–1.42).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/77BE255A74DA5E2F97CF59995C783CFD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Macharoenboon, Kongkit;von Rintelen, Thomas;Klotz, Werner;Sutcharit, Chirasak;Siriwut, Warut;Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai	Macharoenboon, Kongkit, von Rintelen, Thomas, Klotz, Werner, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Siriwut, Warut, Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai (2026): A taxonomic review of the freshwater shrimp genus Caridina H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Decapoda, Atyidae) from southern Thailand, with descriptions of five new species. ZooKeys 1292: 1-126, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1292.193168
