taxonID	type	description	language	source
692CB528FFB4FFE7FCD3FF696634FE25.taxon	description	Other molecular studies yielded similar results. The majority of them identified a clade consisting of Dendrobaena, Healyella, Spermophorodrilus, and Fitzingeria (Domínguez et al., 2015; Pérez-Losada et al., 2015; Csuzdi et al., 2017; Marchán et al., 2022). In these studies, D. byblica was also found to be outside the main Dendrobaena clade, as in the trees of Marchán et al. (2021 a) and on our data (Fig. 1). Three of the aforementioned studies (Domínguez et al., 2015; Pérez-Losada et al., 2015; Marchán et al., 2022) identified Dendrobaena as the sister group to Octolasion + Octodrilus. However, in our study, we found that O. tyrtaeum was more closely related to A. jassyensis rather than to Dendrobaena. We should note that the current analysis includes only one species of Octolasion and no representatives of Octodrilus. Previous molecular studies included only a few representatives of Dendrobaena. Here, we added more specimens, and it turns out that all of the specimens except for D. byblica formed a clade. Previous papers also indicated that this taxon was not closely related to other Dendrobaena species (Csuzdi et al., 2017; Domínguez et al., 2015; Latif et al., 2020; Marchán et al., 2022). However, it is important to note that D. byblica is a polymorphic species with multiple cryptic species and a complex taxonomic history (Szederjesi et al., 2018 a, 2018 b). Marchán et al. (2022) suggested that D. byblica might be better classified within the genus Omodeoia Kvavadze (1993). Previously, Kvavadze (1993) discovered that certain species of the genus Dendrobaena possessed three-striatal genital setae, in contrast to the typical four-striatal structure found in the rest of the genus (Kvavadze, 1993; Kvavadze et al., 2007). Based on this observation, he proposed the genus Omodeoia, with D. byblica designated as the type species. However, limited DNA data is currently available for other potential members of this genus. Two early-branching species within Dendrobaena were D. octaedra and D. attemsi. Morphologically, D. attemsi is close to the Balkan species (D. mahnerti, D. epirotica, D. pindonensis, and D. rhodopensis) (Rota, Erséus, 1997), but based on the position of the clitellum and tuberculae pubertatis, it is close to D. octaedra. Both species are epigeic. D. octaedra is a peregrine species. D. attemsi has a more limited range. D. octaedra is widespread, up to high latitudes in Eurasia and North America (Cameron et al., 2008; Shekhovtsov et al., 2018; Tiunov et al., 2006), while D. attemsi is more common in southern Europe.	en	Shekhovtsov, S. V, Rapoport, I. B., Leonov, P. A., Poluboyarova, T. V., Yurlova, G. V., Shipova, A. A., Vasiliev, G. V., Golovanova, E. V., Roohi Aminjan, A., Latif, R. (2024): Phylogeny of Lumbricidae based on mitochondrial genomes with emphasis on the genus Dendrobaena. Organisms Diversity & Evolution 24 (4): 477-487, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-024-00656-9, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-024-00656-9
692CB528FFB5FFE7FCD3FE376118F9B7.taxon	description	The prospective new species found in the eastern Caucasus could not be assigned to any existing species within Dendrobaena. Its clitellum starts on the 27 th segment, as in D. alpina, D. veneta, and D. hortensis, and ends on 32 nd, as in D. schmidti. The position and shape of the tuberculae pubertatis are also similar to D. schmidti. The new species is frequently found under the bark of fallen trees in the arid Eastern Caucasus, just like D. veneta. Dendrobaena sp. probably belongs to the “ alpina ” rather than the “ veneta ” group due to the presence of large calciferous diverticulae in the 11 th segment (C. Csuzdi, personal communication). The affinity of Dendrobaena sp. to D. veneta and D. hortensis confirms the complexities that arise during phylogenetic reconstructions. This group clustered together with a specimen identified as Dendrodriloides grandis. The genus Dendrodriloides was isolated by Kvavadze (2000) from the genus Eisenia, primarily in the form of the genital setae, as well as the position of the locomotor setae and spermathecae. Species of Dendrodriloides and the closely related genus Dendrobaena typically exhibit similar muscle types and nephridial morphology (Kvavadze, 2000; Zhgenti et al., 2006).	en	Shekhovtsov, S. V, Rapoport, I. B., Leonov, P. A., Poluboyarova, T. V., Yurlova, G. V., Shipova, A. A., Vasiliev, G. V., Golovanova, E. V., Roohi Aminjan, A., Latif, R. (2024): Phylogeny of Lumbricidae based on mitochondrial genomes with emphasis on the genus Dendrobaena. Organisms Diversity & Evolution 24 (4): 477-487, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-024-00656-9, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-024-00656-9
692CB528FFB5FFE7FF6BFDDB605EFE40.taxon	description	In addition to the various taxa earlier recognized as related to D. schmidti, the complex also included D. n. nassonovi. This taxon is also a Crimean-Caucasian subendemic, which is believed to have formed in the Greater Caucasus (Perel, 1979). D. n. nassonovi differs from D. schmidti in clitellum position (beginning on the 25 th vs. the 26 th segment). Also, tuberculae pubertatis of D. n. nassonovi are straight, located on segments 30 – 32, while those of D. schmidti complex look as two bumps on the 30 th and 31 st segments. Among the D. schmidti complex, D. baksanensis and D. jaloniensis are the closest to D. n. nassonovi for the number of seminal vesicles and the position of the spermathecae, and D. tellermanica, for the position of the clitellum and the form of tuberculae pubertatis.	en	Shekhovtsov, S. V, Rapoport, I. B., Leonov, P. A., Poluboyarova, T. V., Yurlova, G. V., Shipova, A. A., Vasiliev, G. V., Golovanova, E. V., Roohi Aminjan, A., Latif, R. (2024): Phylogeny of Lumbricidae based on mitochondrial genomes with emphasis on the genus Dendrobaena. Organisms Diversity & Evolution 24 (4): 477-487, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-024-00656-9, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-024-00656-9
692CB528FFB5FFE4FCD3F966667AFC6B.taxon	description	The genus Aporrectodea thus turned out to be polyphyletic, including at least three unrelated groups (A. caliginosa complex, A. rosea + A. icterica, and A. jassyensis). Other studies yielded similar results for this genus (Domínguez et al., 2015; Pérez-Losada et al., 2015; Csuzdi et al., 2017; Marchán et al., 2022), implying a need for a revision, similar to what was done for Allolobophora (Navarro et al., 2023). Marchán et al. (2023) suggested that A. rosea, A. icterica, and A. jassyensis are unrelated to the “ real ” Aporrectodea, but their exact placement is still undefined.	en	Shekhovtsov, S. V, Rapoport, I. B., Leonov, P. A., Poluboyarova, T. V., Yurlova, G. V., Shipova, A. A., Vasiliev, G. V., Golovanova, E. V., Roohi Aminjan, A., Latif, R. (2024): Phylogeny of Lumbricidae based on mitochondrial genomes with emphasis on the genus Dendrobaena. Organisms Diversity & Evolution 24 (4): 477-487, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-024-00656-9, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-024-00656-9
692CB528FFB6FFE5FF6BFC2A666DFC97.taxon	description	Previously, E. lagodechiensis from Georgia was classified under the genus Helodrilus (Michaelsen, 1910). Vsevolodova-Perel (1997) considered it to be closely related to E. gordejeffi and E. submontana. However, recent studies (Blakemore, 2013) and the Drilobase database now treat it as a subspecies of E. nordenskioldi. However, our results indicate that E. lagodechiensis is a part of the E. fetida / E. andrei complex. These species are morphologically similar and have the same number and position of seminal vesicles and spermathecae (Vsevolodova-Perel, 1997). E. lagodechiensis has a longer clitellum, which ends two segments further compared to E. fetida and E. andrei, and tuberculae pubertatis end one segment further. In contrast to E. fetida and E. andrei, E. lagodechiensis has calciferous glands in the 12 th segment and a musculature of the circular type, while E. fetida has a transitional type of longitudinal musculature. In their natural environment, live specimens of E. lagodechiensis closely resemble E. andrei, but are noticeably larger. They have dark purple pigmentation and similar white spots on the lateral surfaces of segments 9 – 12. Importantly, our findings are not a result of misidentification, as E. lagodechiensis did not match any of the distinct genetic lineages within this group.	en	Shekhovtsov, S. V, Rapoport, I. B., Leonov, P. A., Poluboyarova, T. V., Yurlova, G. V., Shipova, A. A., Vasiliev, G. V., Golovanova, E. V., Roohi Aminjan, A., Latif, R. (2024): Phylogeny of Lumbricidae based on mitochondrial genomes with emphasis on the genus Dendrobaena. Organisms Diversity & Evolution 24 (4): 477-487, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-024-00656-9, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-024-00656-9
692CB528FFB6FFE5FF6BFC2A666DFC97.taxon	description	The three genera, Eisenia, Bimastos, and Riphaeodrilus, have a morphological synapomorphy: their nephridial bladders form a forward-bent loop. This distinguishes them from their sister group on the tree (Lumbricus, Aporrectodea, Helodrilus species), whose nephridial bladders are bent backwards or were lost. Therefore, the form of nephridial bladders appears to be an important diagnostic character, as suggested by Gates (1975) and Perel (1976) (but with some exceptions (Marchán et al., 2021 b )). Representatives of the genus Bimastos (Dendrodrilus) are believed to be of North American origin (Csuzdi et al., 2017; Gates, 1969). Csuzdi et al. (2017) proposed that their ancestors likely dispersed through the Bering Strait into North America, and more recently, a few species, notably B. parvus and B. rubidus, returned to Eurasia as migratory species. We believe that further data is necessary to fully investigate this hypothesis. However, the affinity between the North American and Ural endemic species is intriguing and may reflect dispersal patterns of ancestral taxa. Therefore, this clade represents an interesting example of phylogeographic patterns across a large territory, in contrast to the rest of the Lumbricidae genera and clades, which are mostly native to the Europe or Middle East. Riphaeodrilus is an endemic of the Urals, Bimastos is reportedly native to North America (Csuzdi et al., 2017), and Eisenia has clear phylogeographic patterns with an Altai clade (Shekhovtsov et al., 2020 b).	en	Shekhovtsov, S. V, Rapoport, I. B., Leonov, P. A., Poluboyarova, T. V., Yurlova, G. V., Shipova, A. A., Vasiliev, G. V., Golovanova, E. V., Roohi Aminjan, A., Latif, R. (2024): Phylogeny of Lumbricidae based on mitochondrial genomes with emphasis on the genus Dendrobaena. Organisms Diversity & Evolution 24 (4): 477-487, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-024-00656-9, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-024-00656-9
