taxonID	type	format	identifier	references	title	description	created	creator	contributor	publisher	audience	source	license	rightsHolder	datasetID
D1C7A30D2C8058618E68F9605FFC5BBB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636008	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure4	Figure 4. Piogaster albina female. Figures A – C of holotype (NHMUK) and D and E of non-type specimen CNC 1754425 (NMS). A habitus, lateral view with holotype labels inset B habitus, dorsal view C head, anterior view D head, dorsal view E mesoscutum, dorsal view. Figures A and B were taken by Gavin Broad (© Trustees of the Natural History Museum, CC-BY).	Figure 4. Piogaster albina female. Figures A – C of holotype (NHMUK) and D and E of non-type specimen CNC 1754425 (NMS). A habitus, lateral view with holotype labels inset B habitus, dorsal view C head, anterior view D head, dorsal view E mesoscutum, dorsal view. Figures A and B were taken by Gavin Broad (© Trustees of the Natural History Museum, CC-BY).	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
D1C7A30D2C8058618E68F9605FFC5BBB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636009	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure5	Figure 5. Piogaster albina female. Figures A, B, and H from non-type specimen NHMUK 012850730 (NHMUK), figure C of non-type specimen CNC 1754425 (NMS), figures D – G from non-type specimen CNC 310408 (NMS). A pronotum B mesopleuron C metapleuron, propodeum and T 1, lateral view D propodeum, dorsal view E wings F fore wing G tergite 1, dorsal view H metasoma, T 2 – T 8 and ovipositor, dorsal view.	Figure 5. Piogaster albina female. Figures A, B, and H from non-type specimen NHMUK 012850730 (NHMUK), figure C of non-type specimen CNC 1754425 (NMS), figures D – G from non-type specimen CNC 310408 (NMS). A pronotum B mesopleuron C metapleuron, propodeum and T 1, lateral view D propodeum, dorsal view E wings F fore wing G tergite 1, dorsal view H metasoma, T 2 – T 8 and ovipositor, dorsal view.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
D1C7A30D2C8058618E68F9605FFC5BBB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636010	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure6	Figure 6. Colour and microsculpture variation within Piogaster albina, to be compared to the holotype specimen in Figs 4 A – C. A habitus, lateral view of specimen from Hungary (CNC 842511; CNC) B propodeum, T 1, and T 2 of specimen from Hungary (CNC 842511; CNC) showing sculptural variation C habitus, lateral view of specimen from France (NHMUK 012850730; NHMUK).	Figure 6. Colour and microsculpture variation within Piogaster albina, to be compared to the holotype specimen in Figs 4 A – C. A habitus, lateral view of specimen from Hungary (CNC 842511; CNC) B propodeum, T 1, and T 2 of specimen from Hungary (CNC 842511; CNC) showing sculptural variation C habitus, lateral view of specimen from France (NHMUK 012850730; NHMUK).	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
D1C7A30D2C8058618E68F9605FFC5BBB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636030	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure26	Figure 26. Localities of all known P. albina specimens. Dark grey shading indicates countries with collection records, and pink shading indicates new records of P. albina. As shown in the legend, colour indicates whether the species was examined as part of this study and shape indicates sex. In some cases, the sex of the specimens is unknown as this information was not included in the publication and the specimens were not seen to confirm sex. The total number of specimens included in this map is indicated in the bottom right corner. Two specimens identified in publications as male P. albina (Kaźmierczak, 1990; Aubert 1963) are included in Fig. 32 (unidentified European males) as identification of Piogaster males is difficult and the identification of these specimens is uncertain.	Figure 26. Localities of all known P. albina specimens. Dark grey shading indicates countries with collection records, and pink shading indicates new records of P. albina. As shown in the legend, colour indicates whether the species was examined as part of this study and shape indicates sex. In some cases, the sex of the specimens is unknown as this information was not included in the publication and the specimens were not seen to confirm sex. The total number of specimens included in this map is indicated in the bottom right corner. Two specimens identified in publications as male P. albina (Kaźmierczak, 1990; Aubert 1963) are included in Fig. 32 (unidentified European males) as identification of Piogaster males is difficult and the identification of these specimens is uncertain.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
6ADA849502F051BAB7C42D53BB8F9611.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636011	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure7	Figure 7. Piogaster daisetsuzana female. Figures A – C are the holotype, D – E are of non-type specimen CNC 1754518 (EUMJ). A habitus, lateral view with holotype labels inset B habitus, dorsal view C head, anterior view D head, dorsal view E mesoscutum, dorsal view. Figures A – C © Juriya Okayasu.	Figure 7. Piogaster daisetsuzana female. Figures A – C are the holotype, D – E are of non-type specimen CNC 1754518 (EUMJ). A habitus, lateral view with holotype labels inset B habitus, dorsal view C head, anterior view D head, dorsal view E mesoscutum, dorsal view. Figures A – C © Juriya Okayasu.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
6ADA849502F051BAB7C42D53BB8F9611.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636012	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure8	Figure 8. Piogaster daisetsuzana female. Figures A – F are of non-type specimen NHMUK 012850731 (NHMUK), figure G is of non-type specimen NHMUK 015215320 (NHMUK), and figure H is of non-type specimen CNC 1754518 (EUMJ). A pronotum B mesopleuron C metapleuron, propodeum and T 1, lateral view D propodeum, dorsal view E wings F fore wing G tergite 1, dorsal view H metasoma, T 2 – T 8 and ovipositor, dorsal view. Arrow in A indicates the epomia. Black arrow in F indicates the ramellus, and blue arrow in F indicates the thickened 2 m-cu vein between bullae	Figure 8. Piogaster daisetsuzana female. Figures A – F are of non-type specimen NHMUK 012850731 (NHMUK), figure G is of non-type specimen NHMUK 015215320 (NHMUK), and figure H is of non-type specimen CNC 1754518 (EUMJ). A pronotum B mesopleuron C metapleuron, propodeum and T 1, lateral view D propodeum, dorsal view E wings F fore wing G tergite 1, dorsal view H metasoma, T 2 – T 8 and ovipositor, dorsal view. Arrow in A indicates the epomia. Black arrow in F indicates the ramellus, and blue arrow in F indicates the thickened 2 m-cu vein between bullae	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
6ADA849502F051BAB7C42D53BB8F9611.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636013	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure9	Figure 9. Piogaster daisetsuzana male. All figures of non-type specimen NHMUK 015215321 (NHMUK). A habitus, lateral view B habitus, dorsal view C head, anterior view D head, dorsal view E mesoscutum, dorsal view.	Figure 9. Piogaster daisetsuzana male. All figures of non-type specimen NHMUK 015215321 (NHMUK). A habitus, lateral view B habitus, dorsal view C head, anterior view D head, dorsal view E mesoscutum, dorsal view.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
6ADA849502F051BAB7C42D53BB8F9611.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636014	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure10	Figure 10. Piogaster daisetsuzana male. Figures E and F of non-type specimen NHMUK 015215321 (NHMUK), all others of non-type specimen CNC 310410 (NMS). A pronotum B mesopleuron C metapleuron, propodeum and T 1, lateral view D propodeum, dorsal view E wings F hind wing G fore wing close up H metasoma, dorsal view. Arrow in A indicates the epomia.	Figure 10. Piogaster daisetsuzana male. Figures E and F of non-type specimen NHMUK 015215321 (NHMUK), all others of non-type specimen CNC 310410 (NMS). A pronotum B mesopleuron C metapleuron, propodeum and T 1, lateral view D propodeum, dorsal view E wings F hind wing G fore wing close up H metasoma, dorsal view. Arrow in A indicates the epomia.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
6ADA849502F051BAB7C42D53BB8F9611.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636029	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure25	Figure 25. Male European Piogaster specimens. Figure A is CNC 1754569 (NMS), figures B and C are of BIOUG 17116 - B 03 (ZFMK), figure D and G are of CNC 310414 (NMS), Figure E is specimen RMNH. INS. 1561209 (RMNH), Figure F is MNHN - EY-EY 36003 (MNHN), Figure H is RMNH. INS. 1561210 (RMNH). A mesosocutum B pronotum, lateral view C mesopleuron, lateral view D metapleuron and T 1, lateral view E propodeum, dorsal view F wings G tergite 1, dorsal view H metasoma, T 2 – T 8, dorsolateral view. Arrows in H point to grooves on T 2 and T 3.	Figure 25. Male European Piogaster specimens. Figure A is CNC 1754569 (NMS), figures B and C are of BIOUG 17116 - B 03 (ZFMK), figure D and G are of CNC 310414 (NMS), Figure E is specimen RMNH. INS. 1561209 (RMNH), Figure F is MNHN - EY-EY 36003 (MNHN), Figure H is RMNH. INS. 1561210 (RMNH). A mesosocutum B pronotum, lateral view C mesopleuron, lateral view D metapleuron and T 1, lateral view E propodeum, dorsal view F wings G tergite 1, dorsal view H metasoma, T 2 – T 8, dorsolateral view. Arrows in H point to grooves on T 2 and T 3.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
6ADA849502F051BAB7C42D53BB8F9611.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636031	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure27	Figure 27. Localities of all known P. daisetsuzana specimens. Dark grey shading indicates countries with collection records of P. daisetsuzana. As shown in the legend, colour indicates whether the species was examined as part of this study and shape indicates sex. The total number of specimens appears in the bottom right corner.	Figure 27. Localities of all known P. daisetsuzana specimens. Dark grey shading indicates countries with collection records of P. daisetsuzana. As shown in the legend, colour indicates whether the species was examined as part of this study and shape indicates sex. The total number of specimens appears in the bottom right corner.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
6ADA849502F051BAB7C42D53BB8F9611.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636018	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure14	Figure 14. Piogaster pilosator female. Figure E of lectotype (MZLS), figures A – D, G and H of CNC 1754423 (NINA), figure F of NTNU - VM- 181569 (NTNU). A pronotum B mesopleuron C metapleuron, propodeum and T 1, lateral view D propodeum, dorsal E wings F fore wing G tergite 1, dorsolateral view H metasoma, T 2 – T 8, dorsal view.	Figure 14. Piogaster pilosator female. Figure E of lectotype (MZLS), figures A – D, G and H of CNC 1754423 (NINA), figure F of NTNU - VM- 181569 (NTNU). A pronotum B mesopleuron C metapleuron, propodeum and T 1, lateral view D propodeum, dorsal E wings F fore wing G tergite 1, dorsolateral view H metasoma, T 2 – T 8, dorsal view.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
6ADA849502F051BAB7C42D53BB8F9611.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636005	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure1	Figure 1. Phylogeny of Piogaster based on the COI barcoding gene in IQTree with a single substitution model assigned with ModelFinder Plus. Tip labels are the taxon name and the unique ID, BOLD Sample ID, or Genbank Accession number listed in Suppl. material 1: Specimen data. In cases where Piogaster specimens are male, sex is also included in the tip label (otherwise all specimens are female). Bootstrap support is indicated by colour, as shown in the legend on the top right. Unlabelled nodes have less than 70 % bootstrap support.	Figure 1. Phylogeny of Piogaster based on the COI barcoding gene in IQTree with a single substitution model assigned with ModelFinder Plus. Tip labels are the taxon name and the unique ID, BOLD Sample ID, or Genbank Accession number listed in Suppl. material 1: Specimen data. In cases where Piogaster specimens are male, sex is also included in the tip label (otherwise all specimens are female). Bootstrap support is indicated by colour, as shown in the legend on the top right. Unlabelled nodes have less than 70 % bootstrap support.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
6ADA849502F051BAB7C42D53BB8F9611.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636006	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure2	Figure 2. Phylogeny of Piogaster based on the COI barcoding gene in IQTree with a separate substitution model assigned to codons 1, 2 and 3 with ModelFinder Plus. Tip labels are the taxon name and the unique ID, BOLD Sample ID, or Genbank Accession number listed in Suppl. material 1: Specimen data. In cases where Piogaster specimens are male, sex is also included in the tip label (otherwise all specimens are female). Bootstrap support indicated by colour, as shown in the legend on the top right. Unlabelled nodes have less than 70 % bootstrap support.	Figure 2. Phylogeny of Piogaster based on the COI barcoding gene in IQTree with a separate substitution model assigned to codons 1, 2 and 3 with ModelFinder Plus. Tip labels are the taxon name and the unique ID, BOLD Sample ID, or Genbank Accession number listed in Suppl. material 1: Specimen data. In cases where Piogaster specimens are male, sex is also included in the tip label (otherwise all specimens are female). Bootstrap support indicated by colour, as shown in the legend on the top right. Unlabelled nodes have less than 70 % bootstrap support.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
189107B9868152F69B4277FF52C7DDFB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636008	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure4	Figure 4. Piogaster albina female. Figures A – C of holotype (NHMUK) and D and E of non-type specimen CNC 1754425 (NMS). A habitus, lateral view with holotype labels inset B habitus, dorsal view C head, anterior view D head, dorsal view E mesoscutum, dorsal view. Figures A and B were taken by Gavin Broad (© Trustees of the Natural History Museum, CC-BY).	Figure 4. Piogaster albina female. Figures A – C of holotype (NHMUK) and D and E of non-type specimen CNC 1754425 (NMS). A habitus, lateral view with holotype labels inset B habitus, dorsal view C head, anterior view D head, dorsal view E mesoscutum, dorsal view. Figures A and B were taken by Gavin Broad (© Trustees of the Natural History Museum, CC-BY).	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
189107B9868152F69B4277FF52C7DDFB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636009	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure5	Figure 5. Piogaster albina female. Figures A, B, and H from non-type specimen NHMUK 012850730 (NHMUK), figure C of non-type specimen CNC 1754425 (NMS), figures D – G from non-type specimen CNC 310408 (NMS). A pronotum B mesopleuron C metapleuron, propodeum and T 1, lateral view D propodeum, dorsal view E wings F fore wing G tergite 1, dorsal view H metasoma, T 2 – T 8 and ovipositor, dorsal view.	Figure 5. Piogaster albina female. Figures A, B, and H from non-type specimen NHMUK 012850730 (NHMUK), figure C of non-type specimen CNC 1754425 (NMS), figures D – G from non-type specimen CNC 310408 (NMS). A pronotum B mesopleuron C metapleuron, propodeum and T 1, lateral view D propodeum, dorsal view E wings F fore wing G tergite 1, dorsal view H metasoma, T 2 – T 8 and ovipositor, dorsal view.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
189107B9868152F69B4277FF52C7DDFB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636032	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure28	Figure 28. Localities of the singleton species P. lucida and P. punctulata. Both species are known only from the holotype specimen. Dark grey shading indicates countries with collection records. As shown in the legend, colour indicates whether the species was examined as part of this study and shape indicates species. The total number of specimens included in this map is indicated in the bottom right corner.	Figure 28. Localities of the singleton species P. lucida and P. punctulata. Both species are known only from the holotype specimen. Dark grey shading indicates countries with collection records. As shown in the legend, colour indicates whether the species was examined as part of this study and shape indicates species. The total number of specimens included in this map is indicated in the bottom right corner.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
189107B9868152F69B4277FF52C7DDFB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636010	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure6	Figure 6. Colour and microsculpture variation within Piogaster albina, to be compared to the holotype specimen in Figs 4 A – C. A habitus, lateral view of specimen from Hungary (CNC 842511; CNC) B propodeum, T 1, and T 2 of specimen from Hungary (CNC 842511; CNC) showing sculptural variation C habitus, lateral view of specimen from France (NHMUK 012850730; NHMUK).	Figure 6. Colour and microsculpture variation within Piogaster albina, to be compared to the holotype specimen in Figs 4 A – C. A habitus, lateral view of specimen from Hungary (CNC 842511; CNC) B propodeum, T 1, and T 2 of specimen from Hungary (CNC 842511; CNC) showing sculptural variation C habitus, lateral view of specimen from France (NHMUK 012850730; NHMUK).	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
8898B0810DB250D99A90D402825EC245.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636015	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure11	Figure 11. Piogaster maculata female. All figures are of the holotype (EMUS). A habitus, lateral view with holotype labels inset B head and antenna, anterior view C head, dorsal view D mesoscutum, lateral view E pronotum F mesopleuron G metapleuron, propodeum and T 1, lateral view.	Figure 11. Piogaster maculata female. All figures are of the holotype (EMUS). A habitus, lateral view with holotype labels inset B head and antenna, anterior view C head, dorsal view D mesoscutum, lateral view E pronotum F mesopleuron G metapleuron, propodeum and T 1, lateral view.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
8898B0810DB250D99A90D402825EC245.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636016	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure12	Figure 12. Piogaster maculata female holotype (EMUS). A propodeum, dorsal view B wings C tergite 1, dorsal view D metasoma, dorsal view.	Figure 12. Piogaster maculata female holotype (EMUS). A propodeum, dorsal view B wings C tergite 1, dorsal view D metasoma, dorsal view.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
8898B0810DB250D99A90D402825EC245.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636025	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure21	Figure 21. Piogaster variegata sp. nov. female. All photos are of the holotype specimen (CNC). A pronotum B mesopleuron C metapleuron and T 1, lateral view D propodeum, dorsal view E wings F fore wing G tergite 1, dorsal view H metasoma, T 2 – T 8 and ovipositor, dorsal view.	Figure 21. Piogaster variegata sp. nov. female. All photos are of the holotype specimen (CNC). A pronotum B mesopleuron C metapleuron and T 1, lateral view D propodeum, dorsal view E wings F fore wing G tergite 1, dorsal view H metasoma, T 2 – T 8 and ovipositor, dorsal view.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
8898B0810DB250D99A90D402825EC245.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636024	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure20	Figure 20. Piogaster variegata sp. nov. female. All photos are of the holotype specimen (CNC). A habitus, lateral view, with holotype labels inset B habitus, dorsal view C head, anterior view D head, dorsal view E mesoscutum, dorsal view.	Figure 20. Piogaster variegata sp. nov. female. All photos are of the holotype specimen (CNC). A habitus, lateral view, with holotype labels inset B habitus, dorsal view C head, anterior view D head, dorsal view E mesoscutum, dorsal view.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
8898B0810DB250D99A90D402825EC245.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636033	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure29	Figure 29. Localities of all known record of Piogaster specimens in North America. Dark grey shading indicates states and provinces with collection records of Piogaster. New generic provincial records are shaded in pink. As shown in the legend, colour indicates species and shape indicates sex. The unidentified female specimen from California was an iNaturalist record (Evers 2019 b). The remaining three specimens are deposited in collections.	Figure 29. Localities of all known record of Piogaster specimens in North America. Dark grey shading indicates states and provinces with collection records of Piogaster. New generic provincial records are shaded in pink. As shown in the legend, colour indicates species and shape indicates sex. The unidentified female specimen from California was an iNaturalist record (Evers 2019 b). The remaining three specimens are deposited in collections.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
5A345413FA945DE1AF9710B3E1CBD11B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636008	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure4	Figure 4. Piogaster albina female. Figures A – C of holotype (NHMUK) and D and E of non-type specimen CNC 1754425 (NMS). A habitus, lateral view with holotype labels inset B habitus, dorsal view C head, anterior view D head, dorsal view E mesoscutum, dorsal view. Figures A and B were taken by Gavin Broad (© Trustees of the Natural History Museum, CC-BY).	Figure 4. Piogaster albina female. Figures A – C of holotype (NHMUK) and D and E of non-type specimen CNC 1754425 (NMS). A habitus, lateral view with holotype labels inset B habitus, dorsal view C head, anterior view D head, dorsal view E mesoscutum, dorsal view. Figures A and B were taken by Gavin Broad (© Trustees of the Natural History Museum, CC-BY).	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
5A345413FA945DE1AF9710B3E1CBD11B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636009	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure5	Figure 5. Piogaster albina female. Figures A, B, and H from non-type specimen NHMUK 012850730 (NHMUK), figure C of non-type specimen CNC 1754425 (NMS), figures D – G from non-type specimen CNC 310408 (NMS). A pronotum B mesopleuron C metapleuron, propodeum and T 1, lateral view D propodeum, dorsal view E wings F fore wing G tergite 1, dorsal view H metasoma, T 2 – T 8 and ovipositor, dorsal view.	Figure 5. Piogaster albina female. Figures A, B, and H from non-type specimen NHMUK 012850730 (NHMUK), figure C of non-type specimen CNC 1754425 (NMS), figures D – G from non-type specimen CNC 310408 (NMS). A pronotum B mesopleuron C metapleuron, propodeum and T 1, lateral view D propodeum, dorsal view E wings F fore wing G tergite 1, dorsal view H metasoma, T 2 – T 8 and ovipositor, dorsal view.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
5A345413FA945DE1AF9710B3E1CBD11B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636010	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure6	Figure 6. Colour and microsculpture variation within Piogaster albina, to be compared to the holotype specimen in Figs 4 A – C. A habitus, lateral view of specimen from Hungary (CNC 842511; CNC) B propodeum, T 1, and T 2 of specimen from Hungary (CNC 842511; CNC) showing sculptural variation C habitus, lateral view of specimen from France (NHMUK 012850730; NHMUK).	Figure 6. Colour and microsculpture variation within Piogaster albina, to be compared to the holotype specimen in Figs 4 A – C. A habitus, lateral view of specimen from Hungary (CNC 842511; CNC) B propodeum, T 1, and T 2 of specimen from Hungary (CNC 842511; CNC) showing sculptural variation C habitus, lateral view of specimen from France (NHMUK 012850730; NHMUK).	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
5A345413FA945DE1AF9710B3E1CBD11B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636011	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure7	Figure 7. Piogaster daisetsuzana female. Figures A – C are the holotype, D – E are of non-type specimen CNC 1754518 (EUMJ). A habitus, lateral view with holotype labels inset B habitus, dorsal view C head, anterior view D head, dorsal view E mesoscutum, dorsal view. Figures A – C © Juriya Okayasu.	Figure 7. Piogaster daisetsuzana female. Figures A – C are the holotype, D – E are of non-type specimen CNC 1754518 (EUMJ). A habitus, lateral view with holotype labels inset B habitus, dorsal view C head, anterior view D head, dorsal view E mesoscutum, dorsal view. Figures A – C © Juriya Okayasu.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
5A345413FA945DE1AF9710B3E1CBD11B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636012	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure8	Figure 8. Piogaster daisetsuzana female. Figures A – F are of non-type specimen NHMUK 012850731 (NHMUK), figure G is of non-type specimen NHMUK 015215320 (NHMUK), and figure H is of non-type specimen CNC 1754518 (EUMJ). A pronotum B mesopleuron C metapleuron, propodeum and T 1, lateral view D propodeum, dorsal view E wings F fore wing G tergite 1, dorsal view H metasoma, T 2 – T 8 and ovipositor, dorsal view. Arrow in A indicates the epomia. Black arrow in F indicates the ramellus, and blue arrow in F indicates the thickened 2 m-cu vein between bullae	Figure 8. Piogaster daisetsuzana female. Figures A – F are of non-type specimen NHMUK 012850731 (NHMUK), figure G is of non-type specimen NHMUK 015215320 (NHMUK), and figure H is of non-type specimen CNC 1754518 (EUMJ). A pronotum B mesopleuron C metapleuron, propodeum and T 1, lateral view D propodeum, dorsal view E wings F fore wing G tergite 1, dorsal view H metasoma, T 2 – T 8 and ovipositor, dorsal view. Arrow in A indicates the epomia. Black arrow in F indicates the ramellus, and blue arrow in F indicates the thickened 2 m-cu vein between bullae	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
5A345413FA945DE1AF9710B3E1CBD11B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636013	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure9	Figure 9. Piogaster daisetsuzana male. All figures of non-type specimen NHMUK 015215321 (NHMUK). A habitus, lateral view B habitus, dorsal view C head, anterior view D head, dorsal view E mesoscutum, dorsal view.	Figure 9. Piogaster daisetsuzana male. All figures of non-type specimen NHMUK 015215321 (NHMUK). A habitus, lateral view B habitus, dorsal view C head, anterior view D head, dorsal view E mesoscutum, dorsal view.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
5A345413FA945DE1AF9710B3E1CBD11B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636014	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure10	Figure 10. Piogaster daisetsuzana male. Figures E and F of non-type specimen NHMUK 015215321 (NHMUK), all others of non-type specimen CNC 310410 (NMS). A pronotum B mesopleuron C metapleuron, propodeum and T 1, lateral view D propodeum, dorsal view E wings F hind wing G fore wing close up H metasoma, dorsal view. Arrow in A indicates the epomia.	Figure 10. Piogaster daisetsuzana male. Figures E and F of non-type specimen NHMUK 015215321 (NHMUK), all others of non-type specimen CNC 310410 (NMS). A pronotum B mesopleuron C metapleuron, propodeum and T 1, lateral view D propodeum, dorsal view E wings F hind wing G fore wing close up H metasoma, dorsal view. Arrow in A indicates the epomia.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
5A345413FA945DE1AF9710B3E1CBD11B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636015	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure11	Figure 11. Piogaster maculata female. All figures are of the holotype (EMUS). A habitus, lateral view with holotype labels inset B head and antenna, anterior view C head, dorsal view D mesoscutum, lateral view E pronotum F mesopleuron G metapleuron, propodeum and T 1, lateral view.	Figure 11. Piogaster maculata female. All figures are of the holotype (EMUS). A habitus, lateral view with holotype labels inset B head and antenna, anterior view C head, dorsal view D mesoscutum, lateral view E pronotum F mesopleuron G metapleuron, propodeum and T 1, lateral view.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
5A345413FA945DE1AF9710B3E1CBD11B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636016	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure12	Figure 12. Piogaster maculata female holotype (EMUS). A propodeum, dorsal view B wings C tergite 1, dorsal view D metasoma, dorsal view.	Figure 12. Piogaster maculata female holotype (EMUS). A propodeum, dorsal view B wings C tergite 1, dorsal view D metasoma, dorsal view.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
5A345413FA945DE1AF9710B3E1CBD11B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636017	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure13	Figure 13. Piogaster pilosator female. Figures A – C of lectotype (MZLS), figure D of NOCER- 678 (NINA), figure E of CNC 1754423 (NINA). A habitus, lateral view B habitus, dorsal view C head, anterior view D head, dorsal view E mesoscutum, dorsal view.	Figure 13. Piogaster pilosator female. Figures A – C of lectotype (MZLS), figure D of NOCER- 678 (NINA), figure E of CNC 1754423 (NINA). A habitus, lateral view B habitus, dorsal view C head, anterior view D head, dorsal view E mesoscutum, dorsal view.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
5A345413FA945DE1AF9710B3E1CBD11B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636018	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure14	Figure 14. Piogaster pilosator female. Figure E of lectotype (MZLS), figures A – D, G and H of CNC 1754423 (NINA), figure F of NTNU - VM- 181569 (NTNU). A pronotum B mesopleuron C metapleuron, propodeum and T 1, lateral view D propodeum, dorsal E wings F fore wing G tergite 1, dorsolateral view H metasoma, T 2 – T 8, dorsal view.	Figure 14. Piogaster pilosator female. Figure E of lectotype (MZLS), figures A – D, G and H of CNC 1754423 (NINA), figure F of NTNU - VM- 181569 (NTNU). A pronotum B mesopleuron C metapleuron, propodeum and T 1, lateral view D propodeum, dorsal E wings F fore wing G tergite 1, dorsolateral view H metasoma, T 2 – T 8, dorsal view.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
5A345413FA945DE1AF9710B3E1CBD11B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636019	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure15	Figure 15. Piogaster pilosator female colour variation, to be contrasted to Figs 13 A – C (lectotype specimen). A holotype of Piogaster pilosator caucasica (ZIN); B specimen from Norway (NOCER- 678; NINA); C specimen from Russia: Dagestan (CNC 310411; ZIN).	Figure 15. Piogaster pilosator female colour variation, to be contrasted to Figs 13 A – C (lectotype specimen). A holotype of Piogaster pilosator caucasica (ZIN); B specimen from Norway (NOCER- 678; NINA); C specimen from Russia: Dagestan (CNC 310411; ZIN).	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
5A345413FA945DE1AF9710B3E1CBD11B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636020	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure16	Figure 16. Piogaster punctulata female. All figures are of the holotype (NHMUK). A habitus, lateral view, with holotype labels inset B habitus, dorsal view C head, anterior view D head, dorsal view E mesoscutum, dorsal view. Figure A was taken by Gavin Broad (© Trustees of the Natural History Museum, CC-BY).	Figure 16. Piogaster punctulata female. All figures are of the holotype (NHMUK). A habitus, lateral view, with holotype labels inset B habitus, dorsal view C head, anterior view D head, dorsal view E mesoscutum, dorsal view. Figure A was taken by Gavin Broad (© Trustees of the Natural History Museum, CC-BY).	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
5A345413FA945DE1AF9710B3E1CBD11B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636021	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure17	Figure 17. Piogaster punctulata female. All figures are of the holotype (NHMUK). A mesopleuron B metapleuron, propodeum and T 1, lateral view C propodeum, dorsal view D wings E metasoma, T 2 – T 8 and ovipositor, dorsal view.	Figure 17. Piogaster punctulata female. All figures are of the holotype (NHMUK). A mesopleuron B metapleuron, propodeum and T 1, lateral view C propodeum, dorsal view D wings E metasoma, T 2 – T 8 and ovipositor, dorsal view.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
5A345413FA945DE1AF9710B3E1CBD11B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636022	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure18	Figure 18. Piogaster ussuriensis female. Figures A – C of holotype (ZIN), figures D and E of CNC 1754423 (NINA). A habitus, lateral view, with holotype labels inset B habitus, dorsal view C head, anterior view D head, dorsal view E mesoscutum, dorsal view.	Figure 18. Piogaster ussuriensis female. Figures A – C of holotype (ZIN), figures D and E of CNC 1754423 (NINA). A habitus, lateral view, with holotype labels inset B habitus, dorsal view C head, anterior view D head, dorsal view E mesoscutum, dorsal view.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
5A345413FA945DE1AF9710B3E1CBD11B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636023	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure19	Figure 19. Piogaster ussuriensis female. Figures B, E and F of holotype (ZIN), A of specimen NHMUK 012850733 (NHMUK), C of non-type specimen CNC 310413 (ZIN), D of 21 GYU 168 (DNUE). A mesosoma and T 1, lateral view B propodeum, dorsolateral view C wings D T 1, dorsal view E metasoma, dorsal view F metasoma, T 1 – T 5, ventrolateral view. Arrows in F point to the left tubercle of the paired tubercles on T 2 – T 4.	Figure 19. Piogaster ussuriensis female. Figures B, E and F of holotype (ZIN), A of specimen NHMUK 012850733 (NHMUK), C of non-type specimen CNC 310413 (ZIN), D of 21 GYU 168 (DNUE). A mesosoma and T 1, lateral view B propodeum, dorsolateral view C wings D T 1, dorsal view E metasoma, dorsal view F metasoma, T 1 – T 5, ventrolateral view. Arrows in F point to the left tubercle of the paired tubercles on T 2 – T 4.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
5A345413FA945DE1AF9710B3E1CBD11B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636024	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure20	Figure 20. Piogaster variegata sp. nov. female. All photos are of the holotype specimen (CNC). A habitus, lateral view, with holotype labels inset B habitus, dorsal view C head, anterior view D head, dorsal view E mesoscutum, dorsal view.	Figure 20. Piogaster variegata sp. nov. female. All photos are of the holotype specimen (CNC). A habitus, lateral view, with holotype labels inset B habitus, dorsal view C head, anterior view D head, dorsal view E mesoscutum, dorsal view.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
5A345413FA945DE1AF9710B3E1CBD11B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636025	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure21	Figure 21. Piogaster variegata sp. nov. female. All photos are of the holotype specimen (CNC). A pronotum B mesopleuron C metapleuron and T 1, lateral view D propodeum, dorsal view E wings F fore wing G tergite 1, dorsal view H metasoma, T 2 – T 8 and ovipositor, dorsal view.	Figure 21. Piogaster variegata sp. nov. female. All photos are of the holotype specimen (CNC). A pronotum B mesopleuron C metapleuron and T 1, lateral view D propodeum, dorsal view E wings F fore wing G tergite 1, dorsal view H metasoma, T 2 – T 8 and ovipositor, dorsal view.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
5A345413FA945DE1AF9710B3E1CBD11B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636026	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure22	Figure 22. Male Piogaster sp. from British Columbia, Canada. All photos are of CNC 1754420 (CNC). A head, anterior view B head, lateral view C head, dorsal view D head, posterior view E antenna F mesoscutum, dorsal view G propodeum, dorsal view H mesosoma, lateral view.	Figure 22. Male Piogaster sp. from British Columbia, Canada. All photos are of CNC 1754420 (CNC). A head, anterior view B head, lateral view C head, dorsal view D head, posterior view E antenna F mesoscutum, dorsal view G propodeum, dorsal view H mesosoma, lateral view.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
5A345413FA945DE1AF9710B3E1CBD11B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636027	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure23	Figure 23. Male Piogaster sp. from British Columbia, Canada. All photos are of CNC 1754420 (CNC). A wings B tergite 1, dorsal view C metasoma, dorsal view D metasoma, lateral view E host, Habronattus sp., anterior view F host, Habronattus sp., anterolateral view G labels.	Figure 23. Male Piogaster sp. from British Columbia, Canada. All photos are of CNC 1754420 (CNC). A wings B tergite 1, dorsal view C metasoma, dorsal view D metasoma, lateral view E host, Habronattus sp., anterior view F host, Habronattus sp., anterolateral view G labels.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
5A345413FA945DE1AF9710B3E1CBD11B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636028	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure24	Figure 24. Male European Piogaster specimens. Figure A and C are of specimen RMNH 1561210 (RMNH), figure B is specimen MNHN - EY-EY 36003 (MNHN), figure D is of specimen RMNH 1561213 (RMNH), figure E is specimen CNC 1754569 (NMS). A habitus, lateral view B habitus, dorsal view C head, anterior view D head, anterior view E head, dorsal view.	Figure 24. Male European Piogaster specimens. Figure A and C are of specimen RMNH 1561210 (RMNH), figure B is specimen MNHN - EY-EY 36003 (MNHN), figure D is of specimen RMNH 1561213 (RMNH), figure E is specimen CNC 1754569 (NMS). A habitus, lateral view B habitus, dorsal view C head, anterior view D head, anterior view E head, dorsal view.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
5A345413FA945DE1AF9710B3E1CBD11B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636029	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure25	Figure 25. Male European Piogaster specimens. Figure A is CNC 1754569 (NMS), figures B and C are of BIOUG 17116 - B 03 (ZFMK), figure D and G are of CNC 310414 (NMS), Figure E is specimen RMNH. INS. 1561209 (RMNH), Figure F is MNHN - EY-EY 36003 (MNHN), Figure H is RMNH. INS. 1561210 (RMNH). A mesosocutum B pronotum, lateral view C mesopleuron, lateral view D metapleuron and T 1, lateral view E propodeum, dorsal view F wings G tergite 1, dorsal view H metasoma, T 2 – T 8, dorsolateral view. Arrows in H point to grooves on T 2 and T 3.	Figure 25. Male European Piogaster specimens. Figure A is CNC 1754569 (NMS), figures B and C are of BIOUG 17116 - B 03 (ZFMK), figure D and G are of CNC 310414 (NMS), Figure E is specimen RMNH. INS. 1561209 (RMNH), Figure F is MNHN - EY-EY 36003 (MNHN), Figure H is RMNH. INS. 1561210 (RMNH). A mesosocutum B pronotum, lateral view C mesopleuron, lateral view D metapleuron and T 1, lateral view E propodeum, dorsal view F wings G tergite 1, dorsal view H metasoma, T 2 – T 8, dorsolateral view. Arrows in H point to grooves on T 2 and T 3.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
5A345413FA945DE1AF9710B3E1CBD11B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636030	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure26	Figure 26. Localities of all known P. albina specimens. Dark grey shading indicates countries with collection records, and pink shading indicates new records of P. albina. As shown in the legend, colour indicates whether the species was examined as part of this study and shape indicates sex. In some cases, the sex of the specimens is unknown as this information was not included in the publication and the specimens were not seen to confirm sex. The total number of specimens included in this map is indicated in the bottom right corner. Two specimens identified in publications as male P. albina (Kaźmierczak, 1990; Aubert 1963) are included in Fig. 32 (unidentified European males) as identification of Piogaster males is difficult and the identification of these specimens is uncertain.	Figure 26. Localities of all known P. albina specimens. Dark grey shading indicates countries with collection records, and pink shading indicates new records of P. albina. As shown in the legend, colour indicates whether the species was examined as part of this study and shape indicates sex. In some cases, the sex of the specimens is unknown as this information was not included in the publication and the specimens were not seen to confirm sex. The total number of specimens included in this map is indicated in the bottom right corner. Two specimens identified in publications as male P. albina (Kaźmierczak, 1990; Aubert 1963) are included in Fig. 32 (unidentified European males) as identification of Piogaster males is difficult and the identification of these specimens is uncertain.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
5A345413FA945DE1AF9710B3E1CBD11B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636031	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure27	Figure 27. Localities of all known P. daisetsuzana specimens. Dark grey shading indicates countries with collection records of P. daisetsuzana. As shown in the legend, colour indicates whether the species was examined as part of this study and shape indicates sex. The total number of specimens appears in the bottom right corner.	Figure 27. Localities of all known P. daisetsuzana specimens. Dark grey shading indicates countries with collection records of P. daisetsuzana. As shown in the legend, colour indicates whether the species was examined as part of this study and shape indicates sex. The total number of specimens appears in the bottom right corner.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
5A345413FA945DE1AF9710B3E1CBD11B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636032	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure28	Figure 28. Localities of the singleton species P. lucida and P. punctulata. Both species are known only from the holotype specimen. Dark grey shading indicates countries with collection records. As shown in the legend, colour indicates whether the species was examined as part of this study and shape indicates species. The total number of specimens included in this map is indicated in the bottom right corner.	Figure 28. Localities of the singleton species P. lucida and P. punctulata. Both species are known only from the holotype specimen. Dark grey shading indicates countries with collection records. As shown in the legend, colour indicates whether the species was examined as part of this study and shape indicates species. The total number of specimens included in this map is indicated in the bottom right corner.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
5A345413FA945DE1AF9710B3E1CBD11B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636033	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure29	Figure 29. Localities of all known record of Piogaster specimens in North America. Dark grey shading indicates states and provinces with collection records of Piogaster. New generic provincial records are shaded in pink. As shown in the legend, colour indicates species and shape indicates sex. The unidentified female specimen from California was an iNaturalist record (Evers 2019 b). The remaining three specimens are deposited in collections.	Figure 29. Localities of all known record of Piogaster specimens in North America. Dark grey shading indicates states and provinces with collection records of Piogaster. New generic provincial records are shaded in pink. As shown in the legend, colour indicates species and shape indicates sex. The unidentified female specimen from California was an iNaturalist record (Evers 2019 b). The remaining three specimens are deposited in collections.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
5A345413FA945DE1AF9710B3E1CBD11B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636034	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure30	Figure 30. Localities of all known P. pilosator specimens. Dark grey shading indicates countries with collection records, and pink shading indicates new records of P. pilosator. As shown in the legend, shape indicates sex and colour indicates whether the species was physically examined as part of this study (yes: yellow, no: blue), is an iNaturalist record (iNat, green), or is from photographs of specimens. In some cases, the sex of the specimens is unknown as this information was not included in the publication and the specimens were not examined to determine sex. The total number of specimens included in this map is indicated in the bottom right corner. There is one additional P. pilosator specimen deposited at NHMUK but lacking locality information, so it does not appear on this map.	Figure 30. Localities of all known P. pilosator specimens. Dark grey shading indicates countries with collection records, and pink shading indicates new records of P. pilosator. As shown in the legend, shape indicates sex and colour indicates whether the species was physically examined as part of this study (yes: yellow, no: blue), is an iNaturalist record (iNat, green), or is from photographs of specimens. In some cases, the sex of the specimens is unknown as this information was not included in the publication and the specimens were not examined to determine sex. The total number of specimens included in this map is indicated in the bottom right corner. There is one additional P. pilosator specimen deposited at NHMUK but lacking locality information, so it does not appear on this map.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
5A345413FA945DE1AF9710B3E1CBD11B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636035	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure31	Figure 31. Localities of all known P. ussuriensis specimens. Dark grey shading indicates countries with collection records of P. ussuriensis. As shown in the legend, colour indicates whether the species was examined as part of this study and shape indicates sex. In one case, the sex of the specimen is unknown as this information was not included in the publication and the specimen was not seen to confirm sex. A Piogaster specimen from Quicke et al. 2009 but not identified to species is included in the map as it is most likely P. ussuriensis. The total number of specimens is indicated in the bottom right corner.	Figure 31. Localities of all known P. ussuriensis specimens. Dark grey shading indicates countries with collection records of P. ussuriensis. As shown in the legend, colour indicates whether the species was examined as part of this study and shape indicates sex. In one case, the sex of the specimen is unknown as this information was not included in the publication and the specimen was not seen to confirm sex. A Piogaster specimen from Quicke et al. 2009 but not identified to species is included in the map as it is most likely P. ussuriensis. The total number of specimens is indicated in the bottom right corner.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
5A345413FA945DE1AF9710B3E1CBD11B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636036	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure32	Figure 32. Localities of all known unidentified male Piogaster specimens in Europe. Dark grey shading indicates countries with collection records. Pink shading indicates new generic records. As shown in the legend, colour indicates whether the species was examined as part of this study (yes: yellow, no: blue) or if they were examined only from one or more photographs (photo: black). The total number of specimens included in this map is indicated in the bottom right corner.	Figure 32. Localities of all known unidentified male Piogaster specimens in Europe. Dark grey shading indicates countries with collection records. Pink shading indicates new generic records. As shown in the legend, colour indicates whether the species was examined as part of this study (yes: yellow, no: blue) or if they were examined only from one or more photographs (photo: black). The total number of specimens included in this map is indicated in the bottom right corner.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
C74477052D2B5D96A80FDCD028DD2FF3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636017	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure13	Figure 13. Piogaster pilosator female. Figures A – C of lectotype (MZLS), figure D of NOCER- 678 (NINA), figure E of CNC 1754423 (NINA). A habitus, lateral view B habitus, dorsal view C head, anterior view D head, dorsal view E mesoscutum, dorsal view.	Figure 13. Piogaster pilosator female. Figures A – C of lectotype (MZLS), figure D of NOCER- 678 (NINA), figure E of CNC 1754423 (NINA). A habitus, lateral view B habitus, dorsal view C head, anterior view D head, dorsal view E mesoscutum, dorsal view.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
C74477052D2B5D96A80FDCD028DD2FF3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636018	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure14	Figure 14. Piogaster pilosator female. Figure E of lectotype (MZLS), figures A – D, G and H of CNC 1754423 (NINA), figure F of NTNU - VM- 181569 (NTNU). A pronotum B mesopleuron C metapleuron, propodeum and T 1, lateral view D propodeum, dorsal E wings F fore wing G tergite 1, dorsolateral view H metasoma, T 2 – T 8, dorsal view.	Figure 14. Piogaster pilosator female. Figure E of lectotype (MZLS), figures A – D, G and H of CNC 1754423 (NINA), figure F of NTNU - VM- 181569 (NTNU). A pronotum B mesopleuron C metapleuron, propodeum and T 1, lateral view D propodeum, dorsal E wings F fore wing G tergite 1, dorsolateral view H metasoma, T 2 – T 8, dorsal view.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
C74477052D2B5D96A80FDCD028DD2FF3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636019	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure15	Figure 15. Piogaster pilosator female colour variation, to be contrasted to Figs 13 A – C (lectotype specimen). A holotype of Piogaster pilosator caucasica (ZIN); B specimen from Norway (NOCER- 678; NINA); C specimen from Russia: Dagestan (CNC 310411; ZIN).	Figure 15. Piogaster pilosator female colour variation, to be contrasted to Figs 13 A – C (lectotype specimen). A holotype of Piogaster pilosator caucasica (ZIN); B specimen from Norway (NOCER- 678; NINA); C specimen from Russia: Dagestan (CNC 310411; ZIN).	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
C74477052D2B5D96A80FDCD028DD2FF3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636012	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure8	Figure 8. Piogaster daisetsuzana female. Figures A – F are of non-type specimen NHMUK 012850731 (NHMUK), figure G is of non-type specimen NHMUK 015215320 (NHMUK), and figure H is of non-type specimen CNC 1754518 (EUMJ). A pronotum B mesopleuron C metapleuron, propodeum and T 1, lateral view D propodeum, dorsal view E wings F fore wing G tergite 1, dorsal view H metasoma, T 2 – T 8 and ovipositor, dorsal view. Arrow in A indicates the epomia. Black arrow in F indicates the ramellus, and blue arrow in F indicates the thickened 2 m-cu vein between bullae	Figure 8. Piogaster daisetsuzana female. Figures A – F are of non-type specimen NHMUK 012850731 (NHMUK), figure G is of non-type specimen NHMUK 015215320 (NHMUK), and figure H is of non-type specimen CNC 1754518 (EUMJ). A pronotum B mesopleuron C metapleuron, propodeum and T 1, lateral view D propodeum, dorsal view E wings F fore wing G tergite 1, dorsal view H metasoma, T 2 – T 8 and ovipositor, dorsal view. Arrow in A indicates the epomia. Black arrow in F indicates the ramellus, and blue arrow in F indicates the thickened 2 m-cu vein between bullae	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
C74477052D2B5D96A80FDCD028DD2FF3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636022	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure18	Figure 18. Piogaster ussuriensis female. Figures A – C of holotype (ZIN), figures D and E of CNC 1754423 (NINA). A habitus, lateral view, with holotype labels inset B habitus, dorsal view C head, anterior view D head, dorsal view E mesoscutum, dorsal view.	Figure 18. Piogaster ussuriensis female. Figures A – C of holotype (ZIN), figures D and E of CNC 1754423 (NINA). A habitus, lateral view, with holotype labels inset B habitus, dorsal view C head, anterior view D head, dorsal view E mesoscutum, dorsal view.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
C74477052D2B5D96A80FDCD028DD2FF3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636021	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure17	Figure 17. Piogaster punctulata female. All figures are of the holotype (NHMUK). A mesopleuron B metapleuron, propodeum and T 1, lateral view C propodeum, dorsal view D wings E metasoma, T 2 – T 8 and ovipositor, dorsal view.	Figure 17. Piogaster punctulata female. All figures are of the holotype (NHMUK). A mesopleuron B metapleuron, propodeum and T 1, lateral view C propodeum, dorsal view D wings E metasoma, T 2 – T 8 and ovipositor, dorsal view.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
C74477052D2B5D96A80FDCD028DD2FF3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636034	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure30	Figure 30. Localities of all known P. pilosator specimens. Dark grey shading indicates countries with collection records, and pink shading indicates new records of P. pilosator. As shown in the legend, shape indicates sex and colour indicates whether the species was physically examined as part of this study (yes: yellow, no: blue), is an iNaturalist record (iNat, green), or is from photographs of specimens. In some cases, the sex of the specimens is unknown as this information was not included in the publication and the specimens were not examined to determine sex. The total number of specimens included in this map is indicated in the bottom right corner. There is one additional P. pilosator specimen deposited at NHMUK but lacking locality information, so it does not appear on this map.	Figure 30. Localities of all known P. pilosator specimens. Dark grey shading indicates countries with collection records, and pink shading indicates new records of P. pilosator. As shown in the legend, shape indicates sex and colour indicates whether the species was physically examined as part of this study (yes: yellow, no: blue), is an iNaturalist record (iNat, green), or is from photographs of specimens. In some cases, the sex of the specimens is unknown as this information was not included in the publication and the specimens were not examined to determine sex. The total number of specimens included in this map is indicated in the bottom right corner. There is one additional P. pilosator specimen deposited at NHMUK but lacking locality information, so it does not appear on this map.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
7CC29FDDFB5F5E1998FBAA537386811C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636020	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure16	Figure 16. Piogaster punctulata female. All figures are of the holotype (NHMUK). A habitus, lateral view, with holotype labels inset B habitus, dorsal view C head, anterior view D head, dorsal view E mesoscutum, dorsal view. Figure A was taken by Gavin Broad (© Trustees of the Natural History Museum, CC-BY).	Figure 16. Piogaster punctulata female. All figures are of the holotype (NHMUK). A habitus, lateral view, with holotype labels inset B habitus, dorsal view C head, anterior view D head, dorsal view E mesoscutum, dorsal view. Figure A was taken by Gavin Broad (© Trustees of the Natural History Museum, CC-BY).	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
7CC29FDDFB5F5E1998FBAA537386811C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636021	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure17	Figure 17. Piogaster punctulata female. All figures are of the holotype (NHMUK). A mesopleuron B metapleuron, propodeum and T 1, lateral view C propodeum, dorsal view D wings E metasoma, T 2 – T 8 and ovipositor, dorsal view.	Figure 17. Piogaster punctulata female. All figures are of the holotype (NHMUK). A mesopleuron B metapleuron, propodeum and T 1, lateral view C propodeum, dorsal view D wings E metasoma, T 2 – T 8 and ovipositor, dorsal view.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
7CC29FDDFB5F5E1998FBAA537386811C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636019	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure15	Figure 15. Piogaster pilosator female colour variation, to be contrasted to Figs 13 A – C (lectotype specimen). A holotype of Piogaster pilosator caucasica (ZIN); B specimen from Norway (NOCER- 678; NINA); C specimen from Russia: Dagestan (CNC 310411; ZIN).	Figure 15. Piogaster pilosator female colour variation, to be contrasted to Figs 13 A – C (lectotype specimen). A holotype of Piogaster pilosator caucasica (ZIN); B specimen from Norway (NOCER- 678; NINA); C specimen from Russia: Dagestan (CNC 310411; ZIN).	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
7CC29FDDFB5F5E1998FBAA537386811C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636032	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure28	Figure 28. Localities of the singleton species P. lucida and P. punctulata. Both species are known only from the holotype specimen. Dark grey shading indicates countries with collection records. As shown in the legend, colour indicates whether the species was examined as part of this study and shape indicates species. The total number of specimens included in this map is indicated in the bottom right corner.	Figure 28. Localities of the singleton species P. lucida and P. punctulata. Both species are known only from the holotype specimen. Dark grey shading indicates countries with collection records. As shown in the legend, colour indicates whether the species was examined as part of this study and shape indicates species. The total number of specimens included in this map is indicated in the bottom right corner.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
7CC29FDDFB5F5E1998FBAA537386811C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636009	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure5	Figure 5. Piogaster albina female. Figures A, B, and H from non-type specimen NHMUK 012850730 (NHMUK), figure C of non-type specimen CNC 1754425 (NMS), figures D – G from non-type specimen CNC 310408 (NMS). A pronotum B mesopleuron C metapleuron, propodeum and T 1, lateral view D propodeum, dorsal view E wings F fore wing G tergite 1, dorsal view H metasoma, T 2 – T 8 and ovipositor, dorsal view.	Figure 5. Piogaster albina female. Figures A, B, and H from non-type specimen NHMUK 012850730 (NHMUK), figure C of non-type specimen CNC 1754425 (NMS), figures D – G from non-type specimen CNC 310408 (NMS). A pronotum B mesopleuron C metapleuron, propodeum and T 1, lateral view D propodeum, dorsal view E wings F fore wing G tergite 1, dorsal view H metasoma, T 2 – T 8 and ovipositor, dorsal view.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
7CC29FDDFB5F5E1998FBAA537386811C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636010	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure6	Figure 6. Colour and microsculpture variation within Piogaster albina, to be compared to the holotype specimen in Figs 4 A – C. A habitus, lateral view of specimen from Hungary (CNC 842511; CNC) B propodeum, T 1, and T 2 of specimen from Hungary (CNC 842511; CNC) showing sculptural variation C habitus, lateral view of specimen from France (NHMUK 012850730; NHMUK).	Figure 6. Colour and microsculpture variation within Piogaster albina, to be compared to the holotype specimen in Figs 4 A – C. A habitus, lateral view of specimen from Hungary (CNC 842511; CNC) B propodeum, T 1, and T 2 of specimen from Hungary (CNC 842511; CNC) showing sculptural variation C habitus, lateral view of specimen from France (NHMUK 012850730; NHMUK).	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
7CC29FDDFB5F5E1998FBAA537386811C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636034	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure30	Figure 30. Localities of all known P. pilosator specimens. Dark grey shading indicates countries with collection records, and pink shading indicates new records of P. pilosator. As shown in the legend, shape indicates sex and colour indicates whether the species was physically examined as part of this study (yes: yellow, no: blue), is an iNaturalist record (iNat, green), or is from photographs of specimens. In some cases, the sex of the specimens is unknown as this information was not included in the publication and the specimens were not examined to determine sex. The total number of specimens included in this map is indicated in the bottom right corner. There is one additional P. pilosator specimen deposited at NHMUK but lacking locality information, so it does not appear on this map.	Figure 30. Localities of all known P. pilosator specimens. Dark grey shading indicates countries with collection records, and pink shading indicates new records of P. pilosator. As shown in the legend, shape indicates sex and colour indicates whether the species was physically examined as part of this study (yes: yellow, no: blue), is an iNaturalist record (iNat, green), or is from photographs of specimens. In some cases, the sex of the specimens is unknown as this information was not included in the publication and the specimens were not examined to determine sex. The total number of specimens included in this map is indicated in the bottom right corner. There is one additional P. pilosator specimen deposited at NHMUK but lacking locality information, so it does not appear on this map.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
7CC29FDDFB5F5E1998FBAA537386811C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636018	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure14	Figure 14. Piogaster pilosator female. Figure E of lectotype (MZLS), figures A – D, G and H of CNC 1754423 (NINA), figure F of NTNU - VM- 181569 (NTNU). A pronotum B mesopleuron C metapleuron, propodeum and T 1, lateral view D propodeum, dorsal E wings F fore wing G tergite 1, dorsolateral view H metasoma, T 2 – T 8, dorsal view.	Figure 14. Piogaster pilosator female. Figure E of lectotype (MZLS), figures A – D, G and H of CNC 1754423 (NINA), figure F of NTNU - VM- 181569 (NTNU). A pronotum B mesopleuron C metapleuron, propodeum and T 1, lateral view D propodeum, dorsal E wings F fore wing G tergite 1, dorsolateral view H metasoma, T 2 – T 8, dorsal view.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
7CC29FDDFB5F5E1998FBAA537386811C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636028	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure24	Figure 24. Male European Piogaster specimens. Figure A and C are of specimen RMNH 1561210 (RMNH), figure B is specimen MNHN - EY-EY 36003 (MNHN), figure D is of specimen RMNH 1561213 (RMNH), figure E is specimen CNC 1754569 (NMS). A habitus, lateral view B habitus, dorsal view C head, anterior view D head, anterior view E head, dorsal view.	Figure 24. Male European Piogaster specimens. Figure A and C are of specimen RMNH 1561210 (RMNH), figure B is specimen MNHN - EY-EY 36003 (MNHN), figure D is of specimen RMNH 1561213 (RMNH), figure E is specimen CNC 1754569 (NMS). A habitus, lateral view B habitus, dorsal view C head, anterior view D head, anterior view E head, dorsal view.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
7CC29FDDFB5F5E1998FBAA537386811C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636029	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure25	Figure 25. Male European Piogaster specimens. Figure A is CNC 1754569 (NMS), figures B and C are of BIOUG 17116 - B 03 (ZFMK), figure D and G are of CNC 310414 (NMS), Figure E is specimen RMNH. INS. 1561209 (RMNH), Figure F is MNHN - EY-EY 36003 (MNHN), Figure H is RMNH. INS. 1561210 (RMNH). A mesosocutum B pronotum, lateral view C mesopleuron, lateral view D metapleuron and T 1, lateral view E propodeum, dorsal view F wings G tergite 1, dorsal view H metasoma, T 2 – T 8, dorsolateral view. Arrows in H point to grooves on T 2 and T 3.	Figure 25. Male European Piogaster specimens. Figure A is CNC 1754569 (NMS), figures B and C are of BIOUG 17116 - B 03 (ZFMK), figure D and G are of CNC 310414 (NMS), Figure E is specimen RMNH. INS. 1561209 (RMNH), Figure F is MNHN - EY-EY 36003 (MNHN), Figure H is RMNH. INS. 1561210 (RMNH). A mesosocutum B pronotum, lateral view C mesopleuron, lateral view D metapleuron and T 1, lateral view E propodeum, dorsal view F wings G tergite 1, dorsal view H metasoma, T 2 – T 8, dorsolateral view. Arrows in H point to grooves on T 2 and T 3.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
3DD4137E3EEE749861D58DC0C7326D1A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636028	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure24	Figure 24. Male European Piogaster specimens. Figure A and C are of specimen RMNH 1561210 (RMNH), figure B is specimen MNHN - EY-EY 36003 (MNHN), figure D is of specimen RMNH 1561213 (RMNH), figure E is specimen CNC 1754569 (NMS). A habitus, lateral view B habitus, dorsal view C head, anterior view D head, anterior view E head, dorsal view.	Figure 24. Male European Piogaster specimens. Figure A and C are of specimen RMNH 1561210 (RMNH), figure B is specimen MNHN - EY-EY 36003 (MNHN), figure D is of specimen RMNH 1561213 (RMNH), figure E is specimen CNC 1754569 (NMS). A habitus, lateral view B habitus, dorsal view C head, anterior view D head, anterior view E head, dorsal view.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
3DD4137E3EEE749861D58DC0C7326D1A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636029	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure25	Figure 25. Male European Piogaster specimens. Figure A is CNC 1754569 (NMS), figures B and C are of BIOUG 17116 - B 03 (ZFMK), figure D and G are of CNC 310414 (NMS), Figure E is specimen RMNH. INS. 1561209 (RMNH), Figure F is MNHN - EY-EY 36003 (MNHN), Figure H is RMNH. INS. 1561210 (RMNH). A mesosocutum B pronotum, lateral view C mesopleuron, lateral view D metapleuron and T 1, lateral view E propodeum, dorsal view F wings G tergite 1, dorsal view H metasoma, T 2 – T 8, dorsolateral view. Arrows in H point to grooves on T 2 and T 3.	Figure 25. Male European Piogaster specimens. Figure A is CNC 1754569 (NMS), figures B and C are of BIOUG 17116 - B 03 (ZFMK), figure D and G are of CNC 310414 (NMS), Figure E is specimen RMNH. INS. 1561209 (RMNH), Figure F is MNHN - EY-EY 36003 (MNHN), Figure H is RMNH. INS. 1561210 (RMNH). A mesosocutum B pronotum, lateral view C mesopleuron, lateral view D metapleuron and T 1, lateral view E propodeum, dorsal view F wings G tergite 1, dorsal view H metasoma, T 2 – T 8, dorsolateral view. Arrows in H point to grooves on T 2 and T 3.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
3DD4137E3EEE749861D58DC0C7326D1A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636036	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure32	Figure 32. Localities of all known unidentified male Piogaster specimens in Europe. Dark grey shading indicates countries with collection records. Pink shading indicates new generic records. As shown in the legend, colour indicates whether the species was examined as part of this study (yes: yellow, no: blue) or if they were examined only from one or more photographs (photo: black). The total number of specimens included in this map is indicated in the bottom right corner.	Figure 32. Localities of all known unidentified male Piogaster specimens in Europe. Dark grey shading indicates countries with collection records. Pink shading indicates new generic records. As shown in the legend, colour indicates whether the species was examined as part of this study (yes: yellow, no: blue) or if they were examined only from one or more photographs (photo: black). The total number of specimens included in this map is indicated in the bottom right corner.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
3DD4137E3EEE749861D58DC0C7326D1A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636011	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure7	Figure 7. Piogaster daisetsuzana female. Figures A – C are the holotype, D – E are of non-type specimen CNC 1754518 (EUMJ). A habitus, lateral view with holotype labels inset B habitus, dorsal view C head, anterior view D head, dorsal view E mesoscutum, dorsal view. Figures A – C © Juriya Okayasu.	Figure 7. Piogaster daisetsuzana female. Figures A – C are the holotype, D – E are of non-type specimen CNC 1754518 (EUMJ). A habitus, lateral view with holotype labels inset B habitus, dorsal view C head, anterior view D head, dorsal view E mesoscutum, dorsal view. Figures A – C © Juriya Okayasu.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
3DD4137E3EEE749861D58DC0C7326D1A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636012	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure8	Figure 8. Piogaster daisetsuzana female. Figures A – F are of non-type specimen NHMUK 012850731 (NHMUK), figure G is of non-type specimen NHMUK 015215320 (NHMUK), and figure H is of non-type specimen CNC 1754518 (EUMJ). A pronotum B mesopleuron C metapleuron, propodeum and T 1, lateral view D propodeum, dorsal view E wings F fore wing G tergite 1, dorsal view H metasoma, T 2 – T 8 and ovipositor, dorsal view. Arrow in A indicates the epomia. Black arrow in F indicates the ramellus, and blue arrow in F indicates the thickened 2 m-cu vein between bullae	Figure 8. Piogaster daisetsuzana female. Figures A – F are of non-type specimen NHMUK 012850731 (NHMUK), figure G is of non-type specimen NHMUK 015215320 (NHMUK), and figure H is of non-type specimen CNC 1754518 (EUMJ). A pronotum B mesopleuron C metapleuron, propodeum and T 1, lateral view D propodeum, dorsal view E wings F fore wing G tergite 1, dorsal view H metasoma, T 2 – T 8 and ovipositor, dorsal view. Arrow in A indicates the epomia. Black arrow in F indicates the ramellus, and blue arrow in F indicates the thickened 2 m-cu vein between bullae	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
3DD4137E3EEE749861D58DC0C7326D1A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636013	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure9	Figure 9. Piogaster daisetsuzana male. All figures of non-type specimen NHMUK 015215321 (NHMUK). A habitus, lateral view B habitus, dorsal view C head, anterior view D head, dorsal view E mesoscutum, dorsal view.	Figure 9. Piogaster daisetsuzana male. All figures of non-type specimen NHMUK 015215321 (NHMUK). A habitus, lateral view B habitus, dorsal view C head, anterior view D head, dorsal view E mesoscutum, dorsal view.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
3DD4137E3EEE749861D58DC0C7326D1A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636014	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure10	Figure 10. Piogaster daisetsuzana male. Figures E and F of non-type specimen NHMUK 015215321 (NHMUK), all others of non-type specimen CNC 310410 (NMS). A pronotum B mesopleuron C metapleuron, propodeum and T 1, lateral view D propodeum, dorsal view E wings F hind wing G fore wing close up H metasoma, dorsal view. Arrow in A indicates the epomia.	Figure 10. Piogaster daisetsuzana male. Figures E and F of non-type specimen NHMUK 015215321 (NHMUK), all others of non-type specimen CNC 310410 (NMS). A pronotum B mesopleuron C metapleuron, propodeum and T 1, lateral view D propodeum, dorsal view E wings F hind wing G fore wing close up H metasoma, dorsal view. Arrow in A indicates the epomia.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
3DD4137E3EEE749861D58DC0C7326D1A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636005	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure1	Figure 1. Phylogeny of Piogaster based on the COI barcoding gene in IQTree with a single substitution model assigned with ModelFinder Plus. Tip labels are the taxon name and the unique ID, BOLD Sample ID, or Genbank Accession number listed in Suppl. material 1: Specimen data. In cases where Piogaster specimens are male, sex is also included in the tip label (otherwise all specimens are female). Bootstrap support is indicated by colour, as shown in the legend on the top right. Unlabelled nodes have less than 70 % bootstrap support.	Figure 1. Phylogeny of Piogaster based on the COI barcoding gene in IQTree with a single substitution model assigned with ModelFinder Plus. Tip labels are the taxon name and the unique ID, BOLD Sample ID, or Genbank Accession number listed in Suppl. material 1: Specimen data. In cases where Piogaster specimens are male, sex is also included in the tip label (otherwise all specimens are female). Bootstrap support is indicated by colour, as shown in the legend on the top right. Unlabelled nodes have less than 70 % bootstrap support.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
3DD4137E3EEE749861D58DC0C7326D1A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636006	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure2	Figure 2. Phylogeny of Piogaster based on the COI barcoding gene in IQTree with a separate substitution model assigned to codons 1, 2 and 3 with ModelFinder Plus. Tip labels are the taxon name and the unique ID, BOLD Sample ID, or Genbank Accession number listed in Suppl. material 1: Specimen data. In cases where Piogaster specimens are male, sex is also included in the tip label (otherwise all specimens are female). Bootstrap support indicated by colour, as shown in the legend on the top right. Unlabelled nodes have less than 70 % bootstrap support.	Figure 2. Phylogeny of Piogaster based on the COI barcoding gene in IQTree with a separate substitution model assigned to codons 1, 2 and 3 with ModelFinder Plus. Tip labels are the taxon name and the unique ID, BOLD Sample ID, or Genbank Accession number listed in Suppl. material 1: Specimen data. In cases where Piogaster specimens are male, sex is also included in the tip label (otherwise all specimens are female). Bootstrap support indicated by colour, as shown in the legend on the top right. Unlabelled nodes have less than 70 % bootstrap support.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
3DD4137E3EEE749861D58DC0C7326D1A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636020	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure16	Figure 16. Piogaster punctulata female. All figures are of the holotype (NHMUK). A habitus, lateral view, with holotype labels inset B habitus, dorsal view C head, anterior view D head, dorsal view E mesoscutum, dorsal view. Figure A was taken by Gavin Broad (© Trustees of the Natural History Museum, CC-BY).	Figure 16. Piogaster punctulata female. All figures are of the holotype (NHMUK). A habitus, lateral view, with holotype labels inset B habitus, dorsal view C head, anterior view D head, dorsal view E mesoscutum, dorsal view. Figure A was taken by Gavin Broad (© Trustees of the Natural History Museum, CC-BY).	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
3DD4137E3EEE749861D58DC0C7326D1A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636021	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure17	Figure 17. Piogaster punctulata female. All figures are of the holotype (NHMUK). A mesopleuron B metapleuron, propodeum and T 1, lateral view C propodeum, dorsal view D wings E metasoma, T 2 – T 8 and ovipositor, dorsal view.	Figure 17. Piogaster punctulata female. All figures are of the holotype (NHMUK). A mesopleuron B metapleuron, propodeum and T 1, lateral view C propodeum, dorsal view D wings E metasoma, T 2 – T 8 and ovipositor, dorsal view.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
3DD4137E3EEE749861D58DC0C7326D1A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636034	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure30	Figure 30. Localities of all known P. pilosator specimens. Dark grey shading indicates countries with collection records, and pink shading indicates new records of P. pilosator. As shown in the legend, shape indicates sex and colour indicates whether the species was physically examined as part of this study (yes: yellow, no: blue), is an iNaturalist record (iNat, green), or is from photographs of specimens. In some cases, the sex of the specimens is unknown as this information was not included in the publication and the specimens were not examined to determine sex. The total number of specimens included in this map is indicated in the bottom right corner. There is one additional P. pilosator specimen deposited at NHMUK but lacking locality information, so it does not appear on this map.	Figure 30. Localities of all known P. pilosator specimens. Dark grey shading indicates countries with collection records, and pink shading indicates new records of P. pilosator. As shown in the legend, shape indicates sex and colour indicates whether the species was physically examined as part of this study (yes: yellow, no: blue), is an iNaturalist record (iNat, green), or is from photographs of specimens. In some cases, the sex of the specimens is unknown as this information was not included in the publication and the specimens were not examined to determine sex. The total number of specimens included in this map is indicated in the bottom right corner. There is one additional P. pilosator specimen deposited at NHMUK but lacking locality information, so it does not appear on this map.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
3159D046214EA9F8BA1EA59D90CC45B2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636026	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure22	Figure 22. Male Piogaster sp. from British Columbia, Canada. All photos are of CNC 1754420 (CNC). A head, anterior view B head, lateral view C head, dorsal view D head, posterior view E antenna F mesoscutum, dorsal view G propodeum, dorsal view H mesosoma, lateral view.	Figure 22. Male Piogaster sp. from British Columbia, Canada. All photos are of CNC 1754420 (CNC). A head, anterior view B head, lateral view C head, dorsal view D head, posterior view E antenna F mesoscutum, dorsal view G propodeum, dorsal view H mesosoma, lateral view.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
3159D046214EA9F8BA1EA59D90CC45B2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636027	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure23	Figure 23. Male Piogaster sp. from British Columbia, Canada. All photos are of CNC 1754420 (CNC). A wings B tergite 1, dorsal view C metasoma, dorsal view D metasoma, lateral view E host, Habronattus sp., anterior view F host, Habronattus sp., anterolateral view G labels.	Figure 23. Male Piogaster sp. from British Columbia, Canada. All photos are of CNC 1754420 (CNC). A wings B tergite 1, dorsal view C metasoma, dorsal view D metasoma, lateral view E host, Habronattus sp., anterior view F host, Habronattus sp., anterolateral view G labels.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
3159D046214EA9F8BA1EA59D90CC45B2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636033	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure29	Figure 29. Localities of all known record of Piogaster specimens in North America. Dark grey shading indicates states and provinces with collection records of Piogaster. New generic provincial records are shaded in pink. As shown in the legend, colour indicates species and shape indicates sex. The unidentified female specimen from California was an iNaturalist record (Evers 2019 b). The remaining three specimens are deposited in collections.	Figure 29. Localities of all known record of Piogaster specimens in North America. Dark grey shading indicates states and provinces with collection records of Piogaster. New generic provincial records are shaded in pink. As shown in the legend, colour indicates species and shape indicates sex. The unidentified female specimen from California was an iNaturalist record (Evers 2019 b). The remaining three specimens are deposited in collections.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
84858662CE1554588A3FCCADC7EAD656.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636022	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure18	Figure 18. Piogaster ussuriensis female. Figures A – C of holotype (ZIN), figures D and E of CNC 1754423 (NINA). A habitus, lateral view, with holotype labels inset B habitus, dorsal view C head, anterior view D head, dorsal view E mesoscutum, dorsal view.	Figure 18. Piogaster ussuriensis female. Figures A – C of holotype (ZIN), figures D and E of CNC 1754423 (NINA). A habitus, lateral view, with holotype labels inset B habitus, dorsal view C head, anterior view D head, dorsal view E mesoscutum, dorsal view.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
84858662CE1554588A3FCCADC7EAD656.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636023	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure19	Figure 19. Piogaster ussuriensis female. Figures B, E and F of holotype (ZIN), A of specimen NHMUK 012850733 (NHMUK), C of non-type specimen CNC 310413 (ZIN), D of 21 GYU 168 (DNUE). A mesosoma and T 1, lateral view B propodeum, dorsolateral view C wings D T 1, dorsal view E metasoma, dorsal view F metasoma, T 1 – T 5, ventrolateral view. Arrows in F point to the left tubercle of the paired tubercles on T 2 – T 4.	Figure 19. Piogaster ussuriensis female. Figures B, E and F of holotype (ZIN), A of specimen NHMUK 012850733 (NHMUK), C of non-type specimen CNC 310413 (ZIN), D of 21 GYU 168 (DNUE). A mesosoma and T 1, lateral view B propodeum, dorsolateral view C wings D T 1, dorsal view E metasoma, dorsal view F metasoma, T 1 – T 5, ventrolateral view. Arrows in F point to the left tubercle of the paired tubercles on T 2 – T 4.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
84858662CE1554588A3FCCADC7EAD656.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636019	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure15	Figure 15. Piogaster pilosator female colour variation, to be contrasted to Figs 13 A – C (lectotype specimen). A holotype of Piogaster pilosator caucasica (ZIN); B specimen from Norway (NOCER- 678; NINA); C specimen from Russia: Dagestan (CNC 310411; ZIN).	Figure 15. Piogaster pilosator female colour variation, to be contrasted to Figs 13 A – C (lectotype specimen). A holotype of Piogaster pilosator caucasica (ZIN); B specimen from Norway (NOCER- 678; NINA); C specimen from Russia: Dagestan (CNC 310411; ZIN).	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
84858662CE1554588A3FCCADC7EAD656.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636011	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure7	Figure 7. Piogaster daisetsuzana female. Figures A – C are the holotype, D – E are of non-type specimen CNC 1754518 (EUMJ). A habitus, lateral view with holotype labels inset B habitus, dorsal view C head, anterior view D head, dorsal view E mesoscutum, dorsal view. Figures A – C © Juriya Okayasu.	Figure 7. Piogaster daisetsuzana female. Figures A – C are the holotype, D – E are of non-type specimen CNC 1754518 (EUMJ). A habitus, lateral view with holotype labels inset B habitus, dorsal view C head, anterior view D head, dorsal view E mesoscutum, dorsal view. Figures A – C © Juriya Okayasu.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
84858662CE1554588A3FCCADC7EAD656.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636018	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure14	Figure 14. Piogaster pilosator female. Figure E of lectotype (MZLS), figures A – D, G and H of CNC 1754423 (NINA), figure F of NTNU - VM- 181569 (NTNU). A pronotum B mesopleuron C metapleuron, propodeum and T 1, lateral view D propodeum, dorsal E wings F fore wing G tergite 1, dorsolateral view H metasoma, T 2 – T 8, dorsal view.	Figure 14. Piogaster pilosator female. Figure E of lectotype (MZLS), figures A – D, G and H of CNC 1754423 (NINA), figure F of NTNU - VM- 181569 (NTNU). A pronotum B mesopleuron C metapleuron, propodeum and T 1, lateral view D propodeum, dorsal E wings F fore wing G tergite 1, dorsolateral view H metasoma, T 2 – T 8, dorsal view.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
84858662CE1554588A3FCCADC7EAD656.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636035	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure31	Figure 31. Localities of all known P. ussuriensis specimens. Dark grey shading indicates countries with collection records of P. ussuriensis. As shown in the legend, colour indicates whether the species was examined as part of this study and shape indicates sex. In one case, the sex of the specimen is unknown as this information was not included in the publication and the specimen was not seen to confirm sex. A Piogaster specimen from Quicke et al. 2009 but not identified to species is included in the map as it is most likely P. ussuriensis. The total number of specimens is indicated in the bottom right corner.	Figure 31. Localities of all known P. ussuriensis specimens. Dark grey shading indicates countries with collection records of P. ussuriensis. As shown in the legend, colour indicates whether the species was examined as part of this study and shape indicates sex. In one case, the sex of the specimen is unknown as this information was not included in the publication and the specimen was not seen to confirm sex. A Piogaster specimen from Quicke et al. 2009 but not identified to species is included in the map as it is most likely P. ussuriensis. The total number of specimens is indicated in the bottom right corner.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
B52805B284435287B9E15C49C48DD0B0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636024	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure20	Figure 20. Piogaster variegata sp. nov. female. All photos are of the holotype specimen (CNC). A habitus, lateral view, with holotype labels inset B habitus, dorsal view C head, anterior view D head, dorsal view E mesoscutum, dorsal view.	Figure 20. Piogaster variegata sp. nov. female. All photos are of the holotype specimen (CNC). A habitus, lateral view, with holotype labels inset B habitus, dorsal view C head, anterior view D head, dorsal view E mesoscutum, dorsal view.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
B52805B284435287B9E15C49C48DD0B0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636025	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure21	Figure 21. Piogaster variegata sp. nov. female. All photos are of the holotype specimen (CNC). A pronotum B mesopleuron C metapleuron and T 1, lateral view D propodeum, dorsal view E wings F fore wing G tergite 1, dorsal view H metasoma, T 2 – T 8 and ovipositor, dorsal view.	Figure 21. Piogaster variegata sp. nov. female. All photos are of the holotype specimen (CNC). A pronotum B mesopleuron C metapleuron and T 1, lateral view D propodeum, dorsal view E wings F fore wing G tergite 1, dorsal view H metasoma, T 2 – T 8 and ovipositor, dorsal view.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
B52805B284435287B9E15C49C48DD0B0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636016	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure12	Figure 12. Piogaster maculata female holotype (EMUS). A propodeum, dorsal view B wings C tergite 1, dorsal view D metasoma, dorsal view.	Figure 12. Piogaster maculata female holotype (EMUS). A propodeum, dorsal view B wings C tergite 1, dorsal view D metasoma, dorsal view.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
B52805B284435287B9E15C49C48DD0B0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636027	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure23	Figure 23. Male Piogaster sp. from British Columbia, Canada. All photos are of CNC 1754420 (CNC). A wings B tergite 1, dorsal view C metasoma, dorsal view D metasoma, lateral view E host, Habronattus sp., anterior view F host, Habronattus sp., anterolateral view G labels.	Figure 23. Male Piogaster sp. from British Columbia, Canada. All photos are of CNC 1754420 (CNC). A wings B tergite 1, dorsal view C metasoma, dorsal view D metasoma, lateral view E host, Habronattus sp., anterior view F host, Habronattus sp., anterolateral view G labels.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
B52805B284435287B9E15C49C48DD0B0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1636033	https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.99.184465.figure29	Figure 29. Localities of all known record of Piogaster specimens in North America. Dark grey shading indicates states and provinces with collection records of Piogaster. New generic provincial records are shaded in pink. As shown in the legend, colour indicates species and shape indicates sex. The unidentified female specimen from California was an iNaturalist record (Evers 2019 b). The remaining three specimens are deposited in collections.	Figure 29. Localities of all known record of Piogaster specimens in North America. Dark grey shading indicates states and provinces with collection records of Piogaster. New generic provincial records are shaded in pink. As shown in the legend, colour indicates species and shape indicates sex. The unidentified female specimen from California was an iNaturalist record (Evers 2019 b). The remaining three specimens are deposited in collections.	2026-05-12	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla		Zenodo	biologists	Bass, Amber;Bennett, Andrew M. R.;Spasojevic, Tamara;Schwarzfeld, Marla			
