identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
15BE37E5E21A5C9BBF4E2B1116FDD1C2.text	15BE37E5E21A5C9BBF4E2B1116FDD1C2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Entoloma alpigenum Khurshid & Naseer 2026	<div><p>Entoloma alpigenum Khurshid &amp; Naseer sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 2, 3, 4</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet “ alpigenum ” is derived from “ originating from alpine regions, ” reflecting the species’ high-elevation distribution.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Pakistan • Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Bagh District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=73.78&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.98" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 73.78/lat 33.98)">Choki City</a>, 33.98°N, 73.78°E, alt. 2,625 m, 20 September 2020, collected by Rubab Khurshid, LAH 38754 .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Entoloma alpigenum is characterized by its light brown, slightly squamulose pileus, whitish – cream context, lacking gray-blue pigments, cylindrical to flexuose cheilocystidia and heterodiametric, 5–7 - angled basidiospores. In contrast, its closely related species E. griseocyaneum shows bluish tones and slightly different cheilocystidia. Its high-elevation alpine habitat (2,625 m) together with macroscopic and microscopic features clearly distinguish it from its close relatives.</p><p>Macromorphology.</p><p>Basidiomata medium-sized. Pileus 1.5–9.5 cm across, convex to plano-convex, becoming slightly depressed at the center with age. Surface dry, rugulose to finely squamulose at the disc, smoother toward the margin. Centre light brown (5 YR 6 / 4), progressively becoming pale brown to cream (5 Y 9 / 4) toward the margin. Margin entire to slightly striate, sometimes cracked in mature basidiomata. Context whitish to cream (5 Y 9 / 2), unchanging when cut. Lamellae free, close, with entire to slightly serrulate edges, whitish to cream (10 Y 9 / 2), becoming pale yellowish (10 Y 9 / 4) in maturity. Lamellulae arranged in three to four tiers, irregular in length and distribution. Stipe 4.8–6.5 × 0.3–0.6 cm, cylindric, concolorous with the pileus surface; base whitish (5 Y 9 / 2), becoming pale yellowish (5 Y 9 / 4) toward the apex. Surface smooth; stipe stuffed; base subbulbous to slightly swollen, often attached to a whitish rhizomorphic mass. Annulus and volva absent. Smell and taste not recorded.</p><p>Micromorphology.</p><p>Basidiospores [60 / 3 / 2], (7.9 –) 9.1–10.8 (– 11.3) × (6.0 –) 6.2–8.8 (– 9.1) µm, av. L × av. W = 10.1 × 6.9 µm, Q = 1.1–1.6 µm, avQ = 1.39, heterodiametric, 5–7 angled in side view, with weak angles, smooth, thin-walled, epiculus present, non-granulate, mono gutulate, hyaline in 5 % KOH. Basidia (38.3 –) 39.4–42.5 (– 49.2) × (7.1 –) 7.3–10.3 (– 11.2) µm, av. L × av. W = 40.6 × 8.9 µm, clavate, mostly 4 - spored, occasionally 2 - spored, with pointed sterigmata, non-guttulate, non-granulate, sessile at the base, and without clamp connections, hyaline in 5 % KOH. Cheilocystidia (29.6 –) 31.2–36.7 (– 44.8) × (3.9 –) 4.1–5.4 (– 5.8) µm, av. L × av. W = 34.2 × 5.3 µm, cylindrical to flexuous, thin-walled, composed of 2–3 basal cells, without clamp connection, and hyaline in 5 % KOH; pleurocystidia absent. Stipitipellis composed of septate, unbranched, thin-walled hyphae (10.1 –) 12.5–15.8 (– 17.4) µm in diameter, lacking clamp connections, with caulocystidia not observed. Pileipellis a cutis of crowded, filamentous, septate hyphae (2.8 –) 4.7–10.1 (– 11.4) µm in diameter, rarely branched, with well-differentiated terminal cells, clamp connections present, pileocystidia absent, non-guttulate, thin-walled, and hyaline in 5 % KOH.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Solitary or scattered on soil or moss under coniferous forest.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Currently only known from Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan.</p><p>Additional specimen examined.</p><p>Pakistan • Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Bagh District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=73.78&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.98" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 73.78/lat 33.98)">Ochar City</a>, 33.98°N, 73.78°E, alt. 1,611 m, 24 August 2021, collected by Rubab Khurshid, WU 48890 ; Pakistan • Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Bagh District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=73.78&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.98" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 73.78/lat 33.98)">Ochar City</a>, 33.98°N, 73.78°E, alt. 1,454 m, 28 August 2021, collected by Rubab Khurshid, Nala-030 .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Entoloma alpigenum belongs to the subgenus Cyanula and is most closely related to the European species E. griseocyaneum, but differs in macroscopic coloration, spore dimensions, and cystidial morphology. It is also comparable to Asian species such as E. nigroflavescens and E. fuscosquamosum . Entoloma alpigenum differs from E. griseocyaneum in its light brown, slightly squamulose pileus and pale yellowish lamellae, entirely lacking bluish pigmentation, whereas E. griseocyaneum is characterized by a grayish-blue to bluish-black pileus with bluish lamellae when young. In addition, E. alpigenum possesses smaller basidiospores (9.1–10.8), while E. griseocyaneum has comparatively larger spores (9–13.5) (Noordeloos 1992; Brandrud et al. 2012). Similarly, the pileus of E. alpigenum is paler and less distinctly fibrillose than the dark brown to blackish-brown, more strongly squamulose pileus of E. nigroflavescens and E. fuscosquamosum (Noordeloos 1992; Largent 1994 a).</p><p>Phylogenetically, Entoloma alpigenum belong to the subgenus Cyanula as a distinct, well-supported lineage, forming a close relationship with E. griseocyaneum . Despite the close phylogenetic affinity, both species remain clearly separable by their morphological characters. Microscopically, E. alpigenum has larger basidiospores (9.1–10.8 × 6.2–8.8 µm) with 5–7 weak angles, which contrasts with the smaller, more sharply angular spores commonly found in E. griseocyaneum (Noordeloos 1992; Kokkonen 2015). The cylindrical to flexuose cheilocystidia of E. alpigenum (av. 39.6 × 5.3 µm) are also distinctive. In E. griseocyaneum, cheilocystidia when present are typically clavate to lageniform, not narrow and flexuose. In E. fuscosquamosum, cystidia are broader and fusiform, while E. nigroflavescens lacks cheilocystidia entirely (Noordeloos 1988; Noordeloos 1992; Buyck et al. 2022). The absence of pleurocystidia and predominantly four-spored basidia are shared with some related species, but the overall combination of characters is unique. E. alpigenum inhabits high-altitude coniferous forests (1,611–2,625 m a. s. l.) of the western Himalayas. In contrast, E. griseocyaneum is distributed mainly in temperate European moss-rich grasslands and woodland margins (Brandrud et al. 2012). Both E. fuscosquamosum and E. nigroflavescens generally occur at lower elevations and in more temperate forested habitats (Noordeloos 1992). E. alpigenum is strongly supported by three collections, confirming its distinct species identity.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/15BE37E5E21A5C9BBF4E2B1116FDD1C2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Khurshid, Rubab;Naseer, Arooj;Li, Qirui;Khalid, Abdul Nasir	Khurshid, Rubab, Naseer, Arooj, Li, Qirui, Khalid, Abdul Nasir (2026): Two new species of Entoloma subgenus Cyanula (E. alpigenum and E. muscicola) from montane forests of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan (Agaricales, Entolomataceae). MycoKeys 130: 51-69, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.130.182629
1F02FE554D425DD598E3862934A7F782.text	1F02FE554D425DD598E3862934A7F782.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Entoloma muscicola Khurshid & Naseer 2026	<div><p>Entoloma muscicola Khurshid &amp; Naseer sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 5, 6, 7</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet “ muscicola ” refers to the moss-dwelling habit of the species.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Pakistan • Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Bagh District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=73.78&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.98" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 73.78/lat 33.98)">Choki City</a>, 33.98°N, 73.78°E, alt. 1,811 m, 24 August 2020, collected by Rubab Khurshid (LAH 38755) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Entoloma muscicola is characterized by cuspidate pileus, distant lamellae, weakly angled mono-gutulate spores, distinctive clavate cheilocystidia and the absence of cellular pigments and clamp connections in the hyphae distinguishing it from closely related species including E. griseocyaneum, E. fuscosquamosum, and E. nigroflavescens .</p><p>Macromorphology.</p><p>Basidiomata small to medium-sized. Pileus 1.0– 5.7 cm across, ovoid to conical when young, becoming campanulate to cuspidate at maturity, with a distinctly darker deep brown umbonate center (2.5 YR 1 / 8) gradually fading to light brown toward the margin (7.5 YR 5 / 4). Surface dry, smooth to subtly shiny, striate to plicate toward the margin; margin wavy, striate, sometimes slightly uplifted. Context whitish to cream (5 Y 9 / 2), unchanged when cut. Lamellae free, distant, with entire and even edges, whitish (10 Y 9 / 2) to pale yellow (10 Y 9 / 4). Lamellulae present, arranged in 3–4 tiers, regularly distributed. Stipe 3–7.4 × 0.2–0.5 cm, cylindrical, whitish (5 Y 9 / 2) at the base becoming pale yellowish (5 Y 9 / 4) toward the apex, surface smooth, hollow, subbulbous to slightly swollen at the base, often attached to a mass of whitish rhizomorphs. Annulus absent. Volva absent. Odor and taste not recorded.</p><p>Micromorphology.</p><p>Basidiospores [60 / 3 / 2], (9.3 –) 9.7–11.6 (– 12.5) × (6.1 –) 6.3–7.9 (– 8.2) µm, av. L × av. W = 10.8 × 6.9 µm, Q = 1.2 (– 1.34) – 1.7, avQ = 1.6, heterodiametric, 4–6 angled in side view, with weak angles; smooth, thin-walled; epiculus present; non-granulate; mono-guttulate; hyaline in 5 % KOH. Basidia (34.4 –) 36.4–43.8 (– 46.0) × (8.8 –) 9.4–10.1 (– 10.4) µm, av. L × av. W = 39.3 × 10.0 µm clavate, tapering sharply toward the base; usually two sterigmata, rarely four; pointed ends; non-guttulate, non-granulated; base sessile; clamp connection absent; hyaline in 5 % KOH. Cheilocystidia (30 –) 34.1–39.8 (– 45) × (7.8 –) 8.6–9.4 (– 10.5) µm, av. L × av. W = 36.8 × 9.1 µm, clavate, apex covered with wavy cap structure, thin walled, 1 celled base, hyaline in 5 % KOH. Stipitipellis a cutis, hyphae (5.1 –) 5.6–6.8 (– 12.3) µm in diameter, septate, unbranched, thin walled, clamp connections absent, caulocystidia not observed, hyaline in 5 % KOH. Pileipellis a cutis, hyphae (8.6 –) 8.8–12.5 (– 14.2) µm in diameter, septate, filamentous, crowded, un-branched, with well differentiated terminal cells, clamp connection absent, pileocystidia absent, non-guttulate, thin walled, hyaline in 5 % KOH.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Found solitary or gregarious, dwelling on soil or moss under conifers.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Currently only known from Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan</p><p>Additional material examined.</p><p>Pakistan • Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Bagh District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=73.78&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.98" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 73.78/lat 33.98)">Choki City</a>, 33.98°N, 73.78°E, alt. 1,521 m, 28 August 2021, Collected by Rubab Khurshid, WU 48891 .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Entoloma muscicola is closely related to E. griseocyaneum, E. nigroflavescens, and E. fuscosquamosum but can be readily distinguished by a combination of morphological and ecological traits. Compared with E. griseocyaneum, E. muscicola is readily distinguished by lacking gray-blue pigmentation in all parts of the basidiome and by having a brown to deep brown, cuspidate pileus with whitish to pale yellow lamellae. In contrast, E. griseocyaneum is characterized by bluish to gray-blue tones on the pileus and stipe and by producing distinctly more slender basidiomes (Fries 1821; Noordeloos 1992). Entoloma muscicola has clavate cheilocystidia with a wavy apical cap, and weakly 4–6 - angled mono-gutulate basidiospores (av. 10.8 × 6.9 µm). E. griseocyaneum lacks cheilocystidia on the lamellar edge and produces 6 - angled basidiospores (Noordeloos 1992; Buyck et al. 2022). Basidia in E. muscicola are predominantly 2 - spored, rarely 4 - spored, whereas related taxa E. fuscosquamosum and E. griseocyaneum typically have 4 - spored basidia (Noordeloos 1992; Largent 1994 a). Cheilocystidia in E. muscicola (36.8 × 9.1 µm) distinguish it from E. nigroflavescens, which lacks cheilocystidia, and from E. fuscosquamosum, which possesses broader, fusiform cheilocystidia (Noordeloos 1992; Buyck et al. 2022). The pileipellis forms a cutis of crowded filamentous hyphae with well-differentiated terminal cells, and clamp connections are absent. Entoloma muscicola occurs on soil or moss under montane mixed forests ( Pinus wallichiana and Cedrus deodara) at ~ 1,811 m a. s. l., whereas E. griseocyaneum is typically associated with grasslands or subalpine pastures at lower to mid-elevations (Buyck et al. 2022) and E. fuscosquamosum occurs in temperate forests (Largent 1994 b). Based on these differences and phylogeny, we introduce E. muscicola in section Griseocyanea; subgenus Cyanula, as a distinct species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1F02FE554D425DD598E3862934A7F782	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Khurshid, Rubab;Naseer, Arooj;Li, Qirui;Khalid, Abdul Nasir	Khurshid, Rubab, Naseer, Arooj, Li, Qirui, Khalid, Abdul Nasir (2026): Two new species of Entoloma subgenus Cyanula (E. alpigenum and E. muscicola) from montane forests of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan (Agaricales, Entolomataceae). MycoKeys 130: 51-69, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.130.182629
