taxonID	type	description	language	source
657B87F0B905E514FEA2E3846481FAD6.taxon	description	Figs. 1 - 3	en	Martins, Fernanda O., Langeani, Francisco, Zawadzki, Cláudio H. (2014): A new spiny species of Hypostomus Lacépède (Loricariidae: Hypostominae) from thermal waters, upper rio Paraná basin, central Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology 12 (4): 729-736, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20140035, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20140035
657B87F0B905E514FEA2E3846481FAD6.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. DZSJRP 15735, 70.8 mm SL, Brazil, Goiás State, município de Rio Quente, upper rio Paraná basin, rio Paranaíba drainage, tributary of rio Piracanjuba, rio Quente basin, near water treatment station, 17 º 46 ’ 32 ” S 48 º 45 ’ 56 ” W, 618 m a. s. l., 7 Mar 2012, F. Langeani, F. R. Carvalho & F. O. Martins. Paratypes. All from Brazil, Goiás State, município de Rio Quente, upper rio Paraná basin, rio Quente, tributary of rio Piracanjuba, rio Paranaíba drainage. AMNH 258952, 3, 30.2 - 45.6 mm SL, DZSJRP 16421, 72, 10.7 - 60.7 mm SL, MCP 48101, 3, 29.6 - 48.5 mm SL (48.5 mm SL), MNRJ 41722, 3, 28.3 - 50.2 mm SL (50.2 mm SL), MZUSP 115072, 3, 24.0 - 53.5 mm SL (44.7 - 53.5 mm SL), NUP 15348, 6, 29.8 - 58.1 mm SL (41.3 - 58.1 mm SL), all collected with holotype. DZSJRP 15743, 3, 30.2 - 48.7 mm SL, rio Quente near the bridge, at Rio Quente Resort, in the road to Pousada Hotel, 17 º 46 ’ 28 ” S 48 º 45 ’ 13 ” W, 596 m above sea level, 8 Mar 2012, F. Langeani, F. R. Carvalho, F. O. Martins. DZSJRP 15747, 12, 12.4 - 59.7 mm SL (42.3 - 59.7 mm SL), rio Quente, under the bridge at Esplanada district, 17 º 46 ’ 22 ” 48 º 45 ’ 23 ”, 622 m a. s. l., 8 Mar 2012, F. Langeani, F. R. Carvalho, F. O. Martins.	en	Martins, Fernanda O., Langeani, Francisco, Zawadzki, Cláudio H. (2014): A new spiny species of Hypostomus Lacépède (Loricariidae: Hypostominae) from thermal waters, upper rio Paraná basin, central Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology 12 (4): 729-736, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20140035, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20140035
657B87F0B905E514FEA2E3846481FAD6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The new species is distinguished from all congeners by having the five lateral series of plates with hypertrophied odontodes, not aligned in longitudinal rows, more conspicuous on flanks of caudal peduncle of the larger specimens (vs. lateral series of plates lacking hypertrophied odontodes or with aligned hypertrophied odontodes only along the longitudinal keels) (Fig. 2).	en	Martins, Fernanda O., Langeani, Francisco, Zawadzki, Cláudio H. (2014): A new spiny species of Hypostomus Lacépède (Loricariidae: Hypostominae) from thermal waters, upper rio Paraná basin, central Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology 12 (4): 729-736, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20140035, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20140035
657B87F0B905E514FEA2E3846481FAD6.taxon	description	Description. Morphometric and meristic data in Table 1. Largest specimen examined 70.8 mm SL. Body deepest at dorsal-fin origin. Dorsal profile of body in lateral view ascendant from tip of snout to nares; convex from nares to dorsal-fin origin; slightly descending to caudal-fin base. Ventral profile of body in lateral view almost straight from tip of snout to pelvic-fin origin; posterodorsally inclined from pelvic-fin origin to caudal-fin base. Caudal peduncle ovoid in cross-section. Anterior profile of snout markedly rounded in dorsal view. Posterior process of supraoccipital bordered by one or two predorsal plates. Opercle rectangular, with 40 - 70 small to well-developed odontodes, mainly in ventral margin. Preopercle without odontodes, partially covered by four platelets. Preopercle branch of laterosensory system entering from suprapreopercle, passing through preopercle, and reaching small single canal-bearing plate (cp 1). Three cheek plates with large and strong odontodes between opercle and canal-bearing plate; cheek plates not evertible. Eye small, 2.0 - 2.5 times in interorbital width, dorsolaterally placed; iris operculum present, well developed; space between orbits concave. Nares separated by flap of skin. Oral disk elliptical, wider than long and papillose. Papillae at upper lip ovoid and larger, rounded and smaller at lower lip, decreasing in size towards margins in both lips. Outer margin of upper lip with small lateral isolated patch with few odontodes. Lower lip with fringed margin, not reaching transverse line through gill openings and scapular bridge. Maxillary barbel shorter than orbital diameter, proximally linked to lip, ornamented with small papillae. Angle between contralateral dentaries approximatelly 170 º. Premaxillary teeth 27 to 69 (43); dentary teeth 31 to 72 (49). Teeth bicuspid; newly emerged ones with medial cusp well developed, considerably larger than lateral cusp; most teeth in functional series with subequal cusps, some with symmetrical cusps (Fig. 3). Tip of snout dorsally covered by small plates and odontodes, anteroventral portion completely naked, except for two lateral patches of very small plates with odontodes. Odontodes in most anterior portion of snout markedly rounded. Ventral surface of head naked; sometimes few odontodes near opercular opening. Five complete lateral series of plates. Dorsal plate series with six to seven (seven) plates delimiting a naked area along dorsal-fin base. Median series with 23 - 25 (24) perforated plates. Ventral plate series starting at vertical through pelvic-fin origin, with two to three ventral plates along anal-fin base, and 11 to 13 ventral plates from end of anal-fin base to caudal-fin origin. Lateral series of plates with poorly-developed longitudinal keels: from dorsal-fin origin to end of caudal peduncle on dorsal series; from compound pterotic to end of caudal peduncle on mid-dorsal and median series, and to vertical through second or third branched dorsal-fin ray on mid-ventral series; keels absent on ventral series. Lateral plates covered by irregularly arranged odontodes; each plate with two to four hypertrophied straight odontodes posteriorly oriented, more conspicuous on flanks at posterior portion of caudal peduncle (Fig. 2); odontodes with tips slightly curved laterally in larger specimens. Abdomen naked, except for lateral platelets between pectoral- and pelvic-fin origins, and at pectoral girdle region; platelets absent in juveniles. Dorsal fin with seven branched rays, posterior border convex; tip of adpressed rays extending almost to vertical through end of last anal-fin ray, not reaching adipose-fin spine; well-developed V-shaped spinelet present, locking mechanism functional; tip of first and last proximal radials contacting neural spine of seventh and 15 th or 16 th vertebrae, respectively. Adipose fin triangle-shaped; distal border not free from caudal peduncle surface, extending in oblique descendent line (Fig. 2); adipose-fin spine markedly straight; one or two pre-adipose azygous plates. Pectoral fin with six branched rays; spine strong and distally covered with well-developed odontodes; tip of adpressed pectoral-fin rays reaching posteriormost portion of pelvic-fin base. Cleithrum exposed projection truncated posteriorly. Pelvic fin with thin and flexible spine, and five branched rays; tip of adpressed pelvic fin surpassing end of anal-fin base. Anal fin with thin and flexible unbranched ray, and four branched rays; first proximal radial not exposed ventrally; tip of first and last proximal radials contacting hemal spine of 14 th and 18 th vertebrae, respectively. Caudal fin concave, with two outer unbranched rays and 14 or 15 (one specimen) inner branched rays; lower lobe longer than upper one; four to five dorsal and two to four ventral procurrent rays. Vertebrae 27 - 28. Color in alcohol. Ground color of dorsal and lateral surfaces homogeneously brown in head and trunk; ventral surface light brown, lighter along head. Some specimens with slightly darker chromatophores forming dots on head, smaller than eye diameter, and four inconspicuous dorsal dark brown saddles on trunk: two anteriormost along dorsal-fin base; third along adipose fin and slightly ahead; fourth shorter at end of caudal peduncle. All fins with hyaline membranes and medium to dark brown rays forming inconspicuous transverse bars.	en	Martins, Fernanda O., Langeani, Francisco, Zawadzki, Cláudio H. (2014): A new spiny species of Hypostomus Lacépède (Loricariidae: Hypostominae) from thermal waters, upper rio Paraná basin, central Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology 12 (4): 729-736, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20140035, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20140035
657B87F0B905E514FEA2E3846481FAD6.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Hypostomus yaku is known from the rio Quente, a small tributary of rio Piracanjuba, rio Paranaíba drainage, upper rio Paraná basin, central Brazil (Fig. 4).	en	Martins, Fernanda O., Langeani, Francisco, Zawadzki, Cláudio H. (2014): A new spiny species of Hypostomus Lacépède (Loricariidae: Hypostominae) from thermal waters, upper rio Paraná basin, central Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology 12 (4): 729-736, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20140035, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20140035
657B87F0B905E514FEA2E3846481FAD6.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecological notes. Specimens were sampled in warm water, with temperature around 34 ºC. The type locality, where specimens were more abundant, is about three meters wide and 1.0 - 1.5 m deep, with moderate flow and bottom with sand, pebbles and rocks; specimens of H. yaku were associated predominantly with the rocks. Other species collected with Hypostomus yaku are: Characidium xanthopterum Silveira, Langeani, da Graça, Pavanelli & Buckup, Characidium aff. zebra, Knodus moenkhausii (Eigenmann & Kennedy), an undescribed species of a putatively new genus of the Characidae, and the exotic Xiphophorus helleri Heckel and Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus). The low species richness may be related to water temperature, since life in thermal water demands some physiological specializations. Hypostomus yaku seems to be restricted to warm waters, such as areas inside the Rio Quente Resort and other sites in the urban area of the Municipality of rio Quente. Samples made in other nearby streams with lower water temperature did not yield specimens of the species. Although very abundant in the type locality, this restricted occurrence to areas with anthropic influence (e. g., urban expansion, tourism, organic pollution) requires special attention to the conservation of Hypostomus yaku, with frequent monitoring of the populations of the species.	en	Martins, Fernanda O., Langeani, Francisco, Zawadzki, Cláudio H. (2014): A new spiny species of Hypostomus Lacépède (Loricariidae: Hypostominae) from thermal waters, upper rio Paraná basin, central Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology 12 (4): 729-736, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20140035, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20140035
657B87F0B905E514FEA2E3846481FAD6.taxon	etymology	Etymology. In the specific name yaku, from the Tupi Guarani language, dialect Mbyá, y means water, and raku means hot, warm, a reference to the name of the rio Quente, a warm water river. A noun in apposition.	en	Martins, Fernanda O., Langeani, Francisco, Zawadzki, Cláudio H. (2014): A new spiny species of Hypostomus Lacépède (Loricariidae: Hypostominae) from thermal waters, upper rio Paraná basin, central Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology 12 (4): 729-736, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20140035, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20140035
