taxonID	type	description	language	source
665F8787FFE8E152C4B4A6EC41DB68A6.taxon	description	Chinese name: AEĪOi ẫDz	en	Feng, Xiao, Liu, Yu, Diao, Chun-Xia, Fan, Qing-Hai, Ma, Min (2025): Ontogenetic characterization of Phytoseius huaxiensis (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Zootaxa 5740 (1): 6-25, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5740.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5740.1.4
665F8787FFE8E152C4B4A6EC41DB68A6.taxon	description	Idiosoma (Figures 1 A & B). DORSUM: podonotal shield smooth, 114 – 123 long from j 1 to j 6, 102 – 113 wide at level of s 4, bearing nine pairs of smooth setae (j 1, j 3, j 4, j 5, j 6, s 4, z 2, z 4 and z 5), s 4 longer than other setae; with four pairs of lyrifissures (id 2, id 4, id 5 and id 6). A membranous region between podonotal and opisthonotal shields with a pair of lyrifissures (is 1). Opisthonotal shield smooth, weakly sclerotized, 34 – 38 long, 62 – 73 wide at level of Z 4, bearing three pairs of smooth setae J 5, Z 4, and Z 5 (J 5 and Z 5 positioned ventrally), Z 4 tapered apically, longer than other setae, Z 4: s 4 = 1.09 – 1.52. One pair of lyrifissures (idx) present. Peritremes absent. Lengths of setae: j 1 5 – 7, j 3 7 – 9, j 4 2 – 3, j 5 2 – 3, j 6 2 – 3, J 5 5 – 7, s 4 48 – 56, z 2 5 – 7, z 4 10 – 14, z 5 2 – 3, Z 4 61 – 73, Z 5 3 – 5. VENTER (Figure 1 B): smooth, without discernible shield. Tritosternum (Figure 10 A) consisting of an elongated base and a pair of barbed flagellae (laciniae). Coxisternal area (Figure 1 B) bearing three pairs of setae, st 1, st 2, and st 3, and without lyrifissures or solenostomes. Four pairs of opisthogastric setae, JV 1, JV 2, JV 5 and ZV 2 and a pair of lyrifissures (ivo) present on membranous cuticles around anal valve; a pair of paranal setae (Pa) and a postanal seta (Pst) present around anal valve, Pa: Pst = 1.04. Lengths of setae: st 1 13 – 16, st 2 13 – 16, st 3 12 – 15, JV 1 5 – 6, JV 2 7 – 9, JV 5 3 – 4, ZV 2 3 – 4. Gnathosoma. CHELICERAE (Figure 1 C): movable digit 10 long, bearing a tooth; fixed digit 11 – 12 long, bearing three teeth. PALP (Figure 11 A) with trochanter devoid of setae; femur with four simple setae; genu bears one clavate (al 1) and four simple setae, tibia and tarsus with 13 and 11 setae and solenidia, respectively. HYPOSTOME (Figure 12 A): with only two pairs of hypostomal setae (h 1 and h 2); deutosternal groove present but weakly sclerotized, without distinct denticles. Legs (Figure 2). Leg I 189 – 210 long, number of setae (coxa to basitarsus): 2, 4, 10, 8, 8, 0. Leg II 156 – 178 long, number of setae: 2, 4, 7, 6, 7, 4. Leg III 154 – 180 long, number of setae: 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 4. All legs without macrosetae. PROTONYMPH (n = 4, Figures 3, 4, 10 B, 11 B & 12 B; Table 1) Idiosoma (Figure 3 A & B). DORSUM: podonotal shield smooth, 114 – 180 long at j 1 – j 6 level, 99 – 113 wide at level of s 4; weakly sclerotized; muscle marks between j 3 and j 6 discernible; podonotal dorsal shield with the same number of setae as that of larva, shape of dorsal setae changed from smooth to serrated except j 4, j 5, j 6 and z 5, added a pair of lyrifissures (id 1); muscle marks present between j 3 and j 6. Setae r 3 present on membrane; interscutal membrane between the podonotal and opisthonotal shields with a pair of serrated setae (s 6), a pair of lyrifissures (is 1) and two pairs of tiny platelets (sgpa). Opisthonotal dorsal shield smooth and weakly sclerotized, 42 – 55 long, 66 – 72 wide at level of Z 4, with three pairs of serrated setae (J 5, Z 4, Z 5) and five pairs of lyrifissures (idl 4, idm 3, idm 5, idm 6, and idx), Z 4 longer than Z 5; a pair of lyrifissures (idl 3) on membrane around opisthonotal dorsal shield. Peritremes extending close to z 5 level. Lengths of setae: j 1 13 – 16, j 3 20 – 23, j 4 6 – 8, j 5 7 – 8, j 6 7 – 9, J 5 6 – 7, r 3 26 – 32, s 4 41 – 46, s 6 33 – 40, z 2 14 – 16, z 4 18 – 21, z 5 7, Z 4 32 – 38, Z 5 24 – 29. VENTER (Figure 3 B): smooth, without discernible shield. Tritosternum (Figure 10 B) consisting of an elongated base and a pair of barbed flagellae (laciniae). Coxisternal area (Figure 3 B) bearing three pairs of setae, st 1, st 2, and st 3 and two pairs of lyrifissures (iv 1, iv 2). Unsclerotized opisthogastric cuticle with four pairs of opisthogastric setae (JV 1, JV 2, JV 5, ZV 2) and three pairs of lyrifissures (ivo), a pair of paranal setae (Pa) and a postanal seta (Pst) present around anal valve, Pa: Pst = 0.9, without a pair of solenostomes gv 3. Lengths of setae: st 1 16 – 18, st 2 15 – 16, st 3 14 – 16, JV 1 9 – 11, JV 2 5 – 7, JV 5 8 – 10, ZV 2 4 – 7. Gnathosoma. CHELICERAE (Figure 3 C): movable digit 11 – 15 long, bearing a tooth; fixed digit 14 – 16 long, bearing four teeth, pilus dentilis 4 – 5 long, next to the fourth tooth. PALP (Figure 11 B) trochanter with one seta; femur with four simple setae; genu bears one clavate (al 1) and four simple setae, tibia and tarsus with 13 and 14 setae and solenidia, respectively. HYPOSTOME (Figure 12 B): with three pairs of hypostomal setae (h 1, h 2 and h 3) and one pair of palpcoxal setae (pc), with seven rows of denticles, each row with two denticles, corniculi hornlike. Legs (Figure 4). Leg I 209 – 224, Leg II 168 – 171, Leg III 170 – 185 long; chaetotaxy same as in larva. Leg IV 270 – 275 long, setal formula (coxa to basitarsus): 1, 4, 4, 5, 6, 4. Tibia and basitarsus each with a knobbed macroseta 15 – 17, 27 – 30. DEUTONYMPH (n = 8, Figures 5, 6, 10 C, 11 C & 12 C; Table 1) Idiosoma (Figure 5 A – 5 C). DORSUM: podonotal and opisthonotal shields fused, smooth, elongated and notched below seta s 6, 205 – 233 long, 89 – 111 wide at s 4 level, bearing 13 pairs of setae, j 4, j 5, j 6, and z 5 short and smooth, others serrate; ten pairs of lyrifissures (id 1, id 2, id 5, id 6, idm 1, idm 2, idm 3, idm 5, idm 6 and idx) and six pairs of lyrifissures (id 3, id 4, idl 2, idl 3, idl 4 and is 1) on membrane, two pairs of solenostomes (gd 5, gd 6); muscle marks present between setae j 1 and Z 4, two pairs of muscle marks present in front of J 5. Peritremes extending between setae z 2 and z 3. Lengths of setae: j 1 23 – 29, j 3 27 – 30, j 4 10 – 13, j 5 9 – 13, j 6 10 – 14, J 5 9 – 10, r 3 37 – 42, s 4 50 – 58, s 6 51 – 62, z 2 14 – 19, z 3 26 – 28, z 4 19 – 25, z 5 12 – 14, Z 4 48 – 50, Z 5 40 – 41. VENTER (Figures 5 A & C): smooth, without discernible shields. Tritosternum (Figure 10 C), consisting of an elongated base and a pair of barbed flagellae (laciniae). Coxisternal area bearing five pairs of setae, st 4 and st 5 added; four pairs of lyrifissures (iv 1, iv 2, iv 3 and iv 5). Sexes distinguishable — female with six pairs of setae (JV 1, JV 2, JV 5, ZV 1, ZV 2 and ZV 3), male with four pairs of setae (JV 1, JV 2, JV 5 and ZV 2); with four pairs of lyrifissures (ivo and ivp) on membrane around ventrianal shield, a pair of paranal setae (Pa) and a postanal seta (Pst) present around anal valve, Pa: Pst = 1.14. A pair of round solenostomes gv 3 posterior to JV 2, distance gv 3 – gv 3 22 – 27. Lengths of setae: st 1 20 – 22, st 2 18 – 20, st 3 17 – 19, st 4 14 – 16, st 5 15 – 16, JV 1 10 – 14, JV 2 9 – 11, JV 5 19 – 21, ZV 1 9 – 12, ZV 2 8 – 10, ZV 3 8. Gnathosoma. CHELICERA (Figure 5 D): movable digit 16 – 18 long, with one tooth, fixed digit 19 – 20 long, bearing four visible teeth, a pilus dentilis 4 long. PALP (Figure 11 C). Trochanter with two setae; femur with four simple and one stout (al) seta; genu with two clavate (al 1, al 2) and four simple setae, tibia and tarsus with 14 and 15 setae and solenidia, respectively. HYPOSTOME (Figure 12 C): with three pairs of hypostomal setae (h 1, h 2 and h 3) and one pair of palpcoxal setae (pc); deutosternal groove weak, seven rows of denticles present; corniculi hornlike. Legs (Figure 6). Leg I 271 – 279 long; a seta added on trochanter. femur, genu and tibia each added two setae. Other chaetotaxy same as in protonymph. Leg II 225 – 238 long; a seta added on trochanter, three setae added on femur, a seta added on genu. Other chaetotaxy same as in protonymph. Leg III 234 – 239 long; a seta added on trochanter and femur, respectively. Other chaetotaxy same as in protonymph. Leg IV 357 – 367 long; setal formula (coxa to basitarsus): 1, 5, 6, 7, 6, 4. A seta added on trochanter, two setae added on femur and genu, respectively. Tibia and basitarsus each with a knobbed macroseta 26 – 31, 32 – 35. ADULT FEMALE (n = 8, Figure 7, 8, 10 D, 11 D, 12 D, Plate 1, Plate 3 A, Plate 4; Table 1) Idiosoma (Figure 7 A & B). DORSUM: ovoid, elongated, strongly reticulated, 301 – 315 long, 143 – 152 wide, bearing 15 pairs of setae, all setae barbed (z 2 and Z 4 lightly barbed) except j 4, j 5, j 6 and z 5 smooth; marginal setae r 3 located on dorsal shield, 18 pairs of lyrifissures (id 1, id 2, id 3, id 4, id 5, id 6, idl 2, idl 3, idl 4, idm 1, idm 2, idm 3, idm 4, idm 5, idm 6, idR 3, idx and is 1) and three pairs of solenostomes (gd 3, gd 5 and gd 6); muscle marks between j 1 and J 5. Peritremes extending to j 1. Lengths of setae: j 1 30 – 33, j 3 21 – 24, j 4 9 – 11, j 5 9 – 10, j 6 10 – 12, J 5 11 – 12, r 3 41 – 45, s 4 58 – 62, s 6 74 – 82, z 2 12 – 15, z 3 36 – 38, z 4 17 – 22, z 5 10 – 12, Z 4 79 – 85, Z 5 73 – 77. VENTER (Figure 7 B). Tritosternum (Figure 10 D) consisting of an elongated base and a pair of barbed flagellae (laciniae). Sternal shield smooth, anterior edge convex, posterior margin straight, 62 – 67 long, 64 – 70 wide at level of st 2, with three pairs of setae (st 1, st 2, and st 3) and two pairs of lyrifissures (iv 1 and iv 2), st 4 and iv 3 present on a pair of metasternal shields. Lengths of setae: st 1 26 – 29, st 2 25 – 29, st 3 25 – 28, st 4 25 – 27, st 5 24 – 27. Genital shield 104 – 110 long, 70 – 76 wide at level of st 5; a pair of paragenital lyrifissures (iv 5) close to st 5. A slender transverse sclerite present between genital and ventrianal shields. A pair of small shields (sgpa) near ZV 1. Ventrianal shield smooth, 101 – 109 long, 43 – 48 wide, longer than wide, vase-shaped, with a waist between JV 2 and gv 3. With 3 pairs of preanal setae (JV 1, JV 2 and ZV 2), a pair of round solenostomes gv 3 posterior to JV 2, distance gv 3 – gv 3 33 – 37. JV 1 at corner of anterior margin of ventrianal shield, ZV 2 at lateral margins. Three pairs of setae (ZV 1, ZV 3, JV 5, except JV 5 barbed), a pair of paranal setae (Pa) and a postanal seta (Pst) present around anal valve, Pa: Pst = 0.97, five pairs of lyrifissures (four pairs of ivo and a pair of ivp) and a pair of platelets (sgpa) posteroparaxially to setae ZV 1 present on soft cuticle surrounding ventrianal shield. A pair of secondary metapodal shield 27 – 32 long, 4 – 5 wide, without primary metapodal shield. Lengths of setae: JV 1 17 – 18, JV 2 16 – 19, JV 5 52 – 57, ZV 1 17 – 24, ZV 2 13 – 17, ZV 3 10 – 18. Spermatheca (Figure 7 C, Plate 4). Calyx elongate and saccular, 29 – 37 long, 9 – 11 wide; atrium nodular connected with calyx, major duct as wide as atrium, minor duct thread-like jointing atrium. Gnathosoma. CHELICERA (Figure 7 D, Plate 3 A): movable digit 22 – 23 long, with one tooth; fixed digit 23 – 25 long, bearing four visible teeth, pilus dentilis 4 – 5 long and located between third and fourth tooth. PALP (Figure 11 D): trochanter with two setae; femur bearing a spatulate seta and four simple setae; genu bearing two stout setae and four simple setae; tarsal apotele 2 - tined, tibia and tarsus with 14 and 15 setae and solenidia, respectively. HYPOSTOME (Figure 12 D): with three pairs of hypostomal setae (h 1, h 2 and h 3) and one pair of palpcoxal setae (pc). Deutosternal groove with seven rows of denticles, each row bearing two teeth; corniculi horn-like. Legs (Figure 8). Leg I 320 – 330, Leg II 262 – 280, Leg III 259 – 277 long; Leg IV tibia and basitarsus each with a thick and knobbed macroseta 49 – 51, 37 – 42. Chaetotaxy same as in deutonymph. ADULT MALE (n = 6, Figure 9, Plate 2, Plate 3 B; Table 1) Idiosoma (Figure 9 A & B). DORSUM: elongated, oval, strong reticulated, 231 – 242 long, 133 – 138 wide, bearing 15 pairs of setae, j 4, j 5, j 6 and z 5 smooth, other setae serrated, 17 pairs of visible lyrifissures (id 1, id 2, id 4, id 5, id 6, idl 2, idl 3, idl 4, idm 1, idm 2, idm 3, idm 4, idm 5, idm 6, idR 3, idx and is 1) and two pairs of solenostomes (gd 5 and gd 6), muscle marks between j 1 and J 5. Peritremes extending to j 1. Lengths of setae: j 1 22 – 24, j 3 19 – 21, j 4 8 – 11, j 5 8 – 10, j 6 9 – 11, J 5 8 – 9, r 3 26 – 35, s 4 37 – 48, s 6 40 – 43, z 2 13 – 15, z 3 28 – 32, z 4 17 – 21, z 5 9 – 11, Z 4 44 – 47, Z 5 41 – 48. VENTER (Figure 9 B). Sternogenital shield smooth, 107 – 112 long, 59 – 67 wide, middle of anterior margin convex, posterior margin of shield nearly straight, with five pairs of smooth setae (st 1, st 2, st 3, st 4 and st 5) and three pairs of lyrifissures (iv 1, iv 2 and iv 3); three pairs of small marks present between st 4 and st 5. Ventrianal shield smooth, approximately triangle, anterior margin slightly convex, 88 – 103 long, 117 – 129 wide at corner of anterior margin, with three pairs of preanal setae (JV 1, JV 2 and ZV 2) a pair of small and rounded solenostomes gv 3, distance gv 3 – gv 3 27 – 32, a pair of paranal setae (Pa) and a postanal seta (Pst) present around anal valve; JV 5 serrated; four pairs of lyrifissures (a pair of iv 5 and three pairs of ivo), two pair of lyrifissures (ivo and ivp) and a pair of small plates on soft cuticle surrounding ventrianal shield. Lengths of setae: st 1 20 – 22, st 2 17 – 21, st 3 17 – 21, st 4 17 – 19, st 5 16 – 17, JV 1 13 – 15, JV 2 13 – 16, JV 5 18 – 20, ZV 2 12 – 15. Gnathosoma. CHELICERA (Figure 9 C, Plate 3 B): movable digit 15 – 17 long, with a tooth, fixed digit 16 – 19 long, three tiny teeth; pilus dentilis 4 – 5 long, located between second and third tooth. Spermatodactyl L-shaped. PALP: Chaetotaxy same as female. HYPOSTOME: chaetotaxy same as female. Legs. Chaetotaxy same as those in adult female. Leg IV tibia and basitarsus each with a knobbed macroseta 16 – 20, 24 – 26.	en	Feng, Xiao, Liu, Yu, Diao, Chun-Xia, Fan, Qing-Hai, Ma, Min (2025): Ontogenetic characterization of Phytoseius huaxiensis (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Zootaxa 5740 (1): 6-25, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5740.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5740.1.4
665F8787FFE8E152C4B4A6EC41DB68A6.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined: 2 ♀, Lishan National Nature Reserve, Shanxi Province, China, ex. Corylus heterophylla (Betulaceae), coll. Y. Liu and F. - X. Ren, 29. vii. 2022; 1 ♀, Lishan National Nature Reserve, Shanxi Province, China, ex. Euonymus alatus (Celastraceae), coll. Y. Liu and F. - X. Ren, 29. vii. 2022; 2 ♀, Lishan National Nature Reserve, Shanxi Province, China, ex. Forsythia suspensa (Oleaceae), coll. Y. Liu and F. - X. Ren, 29. vii. 2022; 1 ♀, Lishan National Nature Reserve, Shanxi Province, China, ex. Spiraea salicifolia (Rosaceae), coll. Y. Liu and F. – X. Ren, 1. viii. 2022; 19 ♀, 10 ♂, 5 larva, 4 protonymph, 9 deutonymph, Lishan National Nature Reserve, Shanxi Province, China, ex. Euonymus alatus (Betulaceae), coll. Y. Liu and F. – X. Ren, 24. vii. 2023. Other specimens examined: 3 ♀, Guiyang Forest Park, Guizhou Province, China, ex. Rubus alceifolius (Rosaceae), coll. H. Chen, 16. vi. 2024; 1 ♀, Kaili City, Qiandongnan Miao & Dong Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou Province, China, ex. Rubus lambertianus (Rosaceae), coll. G. - Z. Wang, 16. vi. 2024.	en	Feng, Xiao, Liu, Yu, Diao, Chun-Xia, Fan, Qing-Hai, Ma, Min (2025): Ontogenetic characterization of Phytoseius huaxiensis (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Zootaxa 5740 (1): 6-25, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5740.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5740.1.4
