identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
665F8787FFE8E152C4B4A6EC41DB68A6.text	665F8787FFE8E152C4B4A6EC41DB68A6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phytoseius huaxiensis Xin, Liang & Ke 1982	<div><p>Stage-wise morphology of Phytoseius huaxiensis Xin, Liang &amp; Ke</p><p>Chinese name: AEĪOiẫDz</p><p>Phytoseius huaxiensis Xin, Liang &amp; Ke, 1982: 57 .</p><p>Phytoseius (Dubininellus) silvaticus Wu &amp; Li, 1984: 458; Wu et al. 1997: 162, synonymized by Wu, 1997: 155.</p><p>Phytoseius (Phytoseius) huaxiensis, de Moraes et al., 1986: 222 .</p><p>Phytoseius huaxiensis, de Moraes et al., 2004: 241; Chant &amp; McMurtry, 2007: 129.</p><p>Phytoseius (Dubininellus) huaxiensis, Wu et al. 2009: 300 .</p><p>LARVA (n=5, Figures1, 2,10A,11A &amp;12A; Table 1)</p><p>Idiosoma (Figures 1A &amp; B). DORSUM: podonotal shield smooth, 114–123 long from j1 to j6, 102–113 wide at level of s4, bearing nine pairs of smooth setae (j1, j3, j4, j5, j6, s4, z2, z4 and z5), s4 longer than other setae; with four pairs of lyrifissures (id2, id4, id5 and id6). A membranous region between podonotal and opisthonotal shields with a pair of lyrifissures (is1). Opisthonotal shield smooth, weakly sclerotized, 34–38 long, 62–73 wide at level of Z4, bearing three pairs of smooth setae J5, Z4, and Z5 (J5 and Z5 positioned ventrally), Z4 tapered apically, longer than other setae, Z4: s4 = 1.09–1.52. One pair of lyrifissures (idx) present. Peritremes absent. Lengths of setae: j1 5–7, j3 7–9, j4 2–3, j5 2–3, j6 2–3, J5 5–7, s4 48 –56, z2 5–7, z4 10–14, z5 2–3, Z4 61–73, Z5 3–5.</p><p>VENTER (Figure 1B): smooth, without discernible shield. Tritosternum (Figure 10A) consisting of an elongated base and a pair of barbed flagellae (laciniae). Coxisternal area (Figure 1B) bearing three pairs of setae, st1, st2, and st3, and without lyrifissures or solenostomes. Four pairs of opisthogastric setae, JV1, JV2, JV5 and ZV2 and a pair of lyrifissures (ivo) present on membranous cuticles around anal valve; a pair of paranal setae (Pa) and a postanal seta (Pst) present around anal valve, Pa: Pst =1.04. Lengths of setae: st1 13–16, st2 13–16, st3 12–15, JV1 5–6, JV2 7–9, JV5 3–4, ZV2 3–4.</p><p>Gnathosoma. CHELICERAE (Figure 1C): movable digit 10 long, bearing a tooth; fixed digit 11–12 long, bearing three teeth. PALP (Figure 11A) with trochanter devoid of setae; femur with four simple setae; genu bears one clavate (al1) and four simple setae, tibia and tarsus with 13 and 11 setae and solenidia, respectively. HYPOSTOME (Figure 12A): with only two pairs of hypostomal setae (h1 and h2); deutosternal groove present but weakly sclerotized, without distinct denticles.</p><p>Legs (Figure 2). Leg I 189–210 long, number of setae (coxa to basitarsus): 2, 4, 10, 8, 8, 0.</p><p>Leg II 156–178 long, number of setae: 2, 4, 7, 6, 7, 4.</p><p>Leg III 154–180 long, number of setae: 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 4. All legs without macrosetae.</p><p>L: larva; PN: protonymph; DN: deutonymph; A: adult; —: no new setae added.</p><p>PROTONYMPH (n=4, Figures 3, 4, 10B, 11B &amp; 12B; Table 1)</p><p>Idiosoma (Figure 3A &amp; B). DORSUM: podonotal shield smooth, 114–180 long at j1–j6 level, 99–113 wide at level of s4; weakly sclerotized; muscle marks between j3 and j6 discernible; podonotal dorsal shield with the same number of setae as that of larva, shape of dorsal setae changed from smooth to serrated except j4, j5, j6 and z5, added a pair of lyrifissures (id1); muscle marks present between j3 and j6. Setae r3 present on membrane; interscutal membrane between the podonotal and opisthonotal shields with a pair of serrated setae (s6), a pair of lyrifissures (is1) and two pairs of tiny platelets (sgpa). Opisthonotal dorsal shield smooth and weakly sclerotized, 42–55 long, 66–72 wide at level of Z4, with three pairs of serrated setae (J5, Z4, Z5) and five pairs of lyrifissures (idl4, idm3, idm5, idm6, and idx), Z4 longer than Z5; a pair of lyrifissures (idl3) on membrane around opisthonotal dorsal shield. Peritremes extending close to z5 level. Lengths of setae: j1 13–16, j3 20–23, j4 6–8, j5 7–8, j6 7–9, J5 6–7, r3 26–32, s4 41 –46, s6 33 –40, z2 14–16, z4 18–21, z5 7, Z4 32–38, Z5 24–29.</p><p>VENTER (Figure 3B): smooth, without discernible shield. Tritosternum (Figure 10B) consisting of an elongated base and a pair of barbed flagellae (laciniae). Coxisternal area (Figure 3B) bearing three pairs of setae, st1, st2, and st3 and two pairs of lyrifissures (iv1, iv2). Unsclerotized opisthogastric cuticle with four pairs of opisthogastric setae (JV1, JV2, JV5, ZV2) and three pairs of lyrifissures (ivo), a pair of paranal setae (Pa) and a postanal seta (Pst) present around anal valve, Pa: Pst =0.9, without a pair of solenostomes gv3. Lengths of setae: st1 16–18, st2 15–16, st3 14–16, JV1 9–11, JV2 5–7, JV5 8–10, ZV2 4–7.</p><p>Gnathosoma. CHELICERAE (Figure 3C): movable digit 11–15 long, bearing a tooth; fixed digit 14–16 long, bearing four teeth, pilus dentilis 4–5 long, next to the fourth tooth. PALP (Figure 11B) trochanter with one seta; femur with four simple setae; genu bears one clavate (al1) and four simple setae, tibia and tarsus with 13 and 14 setae and solenidia, respectively. HYPOSTOME (Figure 12B): with three pairs of hypostomal setae (h1, h2 and h3) and one pair of palpcoxal setae (pc), with seven rows of denticles, each row with two denticles, corniculi hornlike.</p><p>Legs (Figure 4). Leg I 209–224, Leg II 168–171, Leg III 170–185 long; chaetotaxy same as in larva.</p><p>Leg IV 270–275 long, setal formula (coxa to basitarsus): 1, 4, 4, 5, 6, 4. Tibia and basitarsus each with a knobbed macroseta 15–17, 27–30.</p><p>DEUTONYMPH (n=8, Figures 5, 6, 10C, 11C &amp; 12C; Table 1)</p><p>Idiosoma (Figure 5A–5C). DORSUM: podonotal and opisthonotal shields fused, smooth, elongated and notched below seta s6, 205 –233 long, 89–111 wide at s4 level, bearing 13 pairs of setae, j4, j5, j6, and z5 short and smooth, others serrate; ten pairs of lyrifissures (id1, id2, id5, id6, idm1, idm2, idm3, idm5, idm6 and idx) and six pairs of lyrifissures (id3, id4, idl2, idl3, idl4 and is1) on membrane, two pairs of solenostomes (gd5, gd6); muscle marks present between setae j1 and Z4, two pairs of muscle marks present in front of J5. Peritremes extending between setae z2 and z3. Lengths of setae: j1 23–29, j3 27–30, j4 10–13, j5 9–13, j6 10–14, J5 9–10, r3 37–42, s4 50 –58, s6 51 –62, z2 14–19, z3 26–28, z4 19–25, z5 12–14, Z4 48–50, Z5 40–41.</p><p>VENTER (Figures 5A &amp; C): smooth, without discernible shields. Tritosternum (Figure 10C), consisting of an elongated base and a pair of barbed flagellae (laciniae). Coxisternal area bearing five pairs of setae, st4 and st5 added; four pairs of lyrifissures (iv1, iv2, iv3 and iv5). Sexes distinguishable—female with six pairs of setae (JV1, JV2, JV5, ZV1, ZV2 and ZV3), male with four pairs of setae (JV1, JV2, JV5 and ZV2); with four pairs of lyrifissures (ivo and ivp) on membrane around ventrianal shield, a pair of paranal setae (Pa) and a postanal seta (Pst) present around anal valve, Pa: Pst =1.14. A pair of round solenostomes gv3 posterior to JV2, distance gv3–gv3 22–27. Lengths of setae: st1 20–22, st2 18–20, st3 17–19, st4 14–16, st5 15–16, JV1 10–14, JV2 9–11, JV5 19–21, ZV1 9–12, ZV2 8–10, ZV3 8.</p><p>Gnathosoma. CHELICERA (Figure 5D): movable digit 16–18 long, with one tooth, fixed digit 19–20 long, bearing four visible teeth, a pilus dentilis 4 long. PALP (Figure 11C). Trochanter with two setae; femur with four simple and one stout (al) seta; genu with two clavate (al1, al2) and four simple setae, tibia and tarsus with 14 and 15 setae and solenidia, respectively. HYPOSTOME (Figure 12C): with three pairs of hypostomal setae (h1, h2 and h3) and one pair of palpcoxal setae (pc); deutosternal groove weak, seven rows of denticles present; corniculi hornlike.</p><p>Legs (Figure 6). Leg I 271–279 long; a seta added on trochanter. femur, genu and tibia each added two setae. Other chaetotaxy same as in protonymph.</p><p>Leg II 225–238 long; a seta added on trochanter, three setae added on femur, a seta added on genu. Other chaetotaxy same as in protonymph.</p><p>Leg III 234–239 long; a seta added on trochanter and femur, respectively. Other chaetotaxy same as in protonymph.</p><p>Leg IV 357–367 long; setal formula (coxa to basitarsus): 1, 5, 6, 7, 6, 4. A seta added on trochanter, two setae added on femur and genu, respectively. Tibia and basitarsus each with a knobbed macroseta 26–31, 32–35.</p><p>ADULT FEMALE (n=8, Figure 7, 8, 10D, 11D, 12D, Plate 1, Plate 3A, Plate 4; Table 1)</p><p>Idiosoma (Figure 7A &amp; B). DORSUM: ovoid, elongated, strongly reticulated, 301–315 long, 143–152 wide, bearing 15 pairs of setae, all setae barbed (z2 and Z4 lightly barbed) except j4, j5, j6 and z5 smooth; marginal setae r3 located on dorsal shield, 18 pairs of lyrifissures (id1, id2, id3, id4, id5, id6, idl2, idl3, idl4, idm1, idm2, idm3, idm4, idm5, idm6, idR3, idx and is1) and three pairs of solenostomes (gd3, gd5 and gd6); muscle marks between j1 and J5. Peritremes extending to j1. Lengths of setae: j1 30–33, j3 21–24, j4 9–11, j5 9–10, j6 10–12, J5 11–12, r3 41–45, s4 58 –62, s6 74–82, z2 12–15, z3 36–38, z4 17–22, z5 10–12, Z4 79–85, Z5 73–77.</p><p>VENTER (Figure 7B). Tritosternum (Figure 10D) consisting of an elongated base and a pair of barbed flagellae (laciniae). Sternal shield smooth, anterior edge convex, posterior margin straight, 62–67 long, 64–70 wide at level of st2, with three pairs of setae (st1, st2, and st3) and two pairs of lyrifissures (iv1 and iv2), st4 and iv3 present on a pair of metasternal shields. Lengths of setae: st1 26–29, st2 25–29, st3 25–28, st4 25–27, st5 24–27. Genital shield 104–110 long, 70–76 wide at level of st5; a pair of paragenital lyrifissures (iv5) close to st5. A slender transverse sclerite present between genital and ventrianal shields. A pair of small shields (sgpa) near ZV1. Ventrianal shield smooth, 101–109 long, 43–48 wide, longer than wide, vase-shaped, with a waist between JV2 and gv3. With 3 pairs of preanal setae (JV1, JV 2 and ZV2), a pair of round solenostomes gv3 posterior to JV2, distance gv3–gv3 33–37. JV1 at corner of anterior margin of ventrianal shield, ZV2 at lateral margins. Three pairs of setae (ZV1, ZV3, JV5, except JV5 barbed), a pair of paranal setae (Pa) and a postanal seta (Pst) present around anal valve, Pa: Pst = 0.97, five pairs of lyrifissures (four pairs of ivo and a pair of ivp) and a pair of platelets (sgpa) posteroparaxially to setae ZV1 present on soft cuticle surrounding ventrianal shield. A pair of secondary metapodal shield 27–32 long, 4–5 wide, without primary metapodal shield. Lengths of setae: JV1 17–18, JV2 16–19, JV5 52–57, ZV1 17–24, ZV2 13–17, ZV3 10–18.</p><p>Spermatheca (Figure 7C, Plate 4). Calyx elongate and saccular, 29–37 long, 9–11 wide; atrium nodular connected with calyx, major duct as wide as atrium, minor duct thread-like jointing atrium.</p><p>Gnathosoma. CHELICERA (Figure 7D, Plate 3A): movable digit 22–23 long, with one tooth; fixed digit 23–25 long, bearing four visible teeth, pilus dentilis 4–5 long and located between third and fourth tooth. PALP (Figure 11D): trochanter with two setae; femur bearing a spatulate seta and four simple setae; genu bearing two stout setae and four simple setae; tarsal apotele 2-tined, tibia and tarsus with 14 and 15 setae and solenidia, respectively. HYPOSTOME (Figure 12D): with three pairs of hypostomal setae (h1, h2 and h3) and one pair of palpcoxal setae (pc). Deutosternal groove with seven rows of denticles, each row bearing two teeth; corniculi horn-like.</p><p>Legs (Figure 8). Leg I 320–330, Leg II 262–280, Leg III 259–277 long; Leg IV tibia and basitarsus each with a thick and knobbed macroseta 49–51, 37–42. Chaetotaxy same as in deutonymph.</p><p>ADULT MALE (n=6, Figure 9, Plate 2, Plate 3B; Table 1)</p><p>Idiosoma (Figure 9A &amp; B). DORSUM: elongated, oval, strong reticulated, 231–242 long, 133–138 wide, bearing15 pairs of setae, j4, j5, j6 and z5 smooth, other setae serrated, 17 pairs of visible lyrifissures (id1, id2, id4, id5, id6, idl2, idl3, idl4, idm1, idm2, idm3, idm4, idm5, idm6, idR3, idx and is1) and two pairs of solenostomes (gd5 and gd6), muscle marks between j1 and J5. Peritremes extending to j1. Lengths of setae: j1 22–24, j3 19–21, j4 8–11, j5 8–10, j6 9–11, J5 8–9, r3 26–35, s4 37 –48, s6 40 –43, z2 13–15, z3 28–32, z4 17–21, z5 9–11, Z4 44–47, Z5 41–48.</p><p>VENTER (Figure 9B). Sternogenital shield smooth, 107–112 long, 59–67 wide, middle of anterior margin convex, posterior margin of shield nearly straight, with five pairs of smooth setae (st1, st2, st3, st4 and st5) and three pairs of lyrifissures (iv1, iv2 and iv3); three pairs of small marks present between st4 and st5. Ventrianal shield smooth, approximately triangle, anterior margin slightly convex, 88–103 long, 117–129 wide at corner of anterior margin, with three pairs of preanal setae (JV1, JV2 and ZV2) a pair of small and rounded solenostomes gv3, distance gv3–gv3 27–32, a pair of paranal setae (Pa) and a postanal seta (Pst) present around anal valve; JV5 serrated; four pairs of lyrifissures (a pair of iv5 and three pairs of ivo), two pair of lyrifissures (ivo and ivp) and a pair of small plates on soft cuticle surrounding ventrianal shield. Lengths of setae: st1 20–22, st2 17–21, st3 17–21, st4 17–19, st5 16–17, JV1 13–15, JV2 13–16, JV5 18–20, ZV2 12–15.</p><p>Gnathosoma. CHELICERA (Figure 9C, Plate 3B): movable digit 15–17 long, with a tooth, fixed digit 16–19 long, three tiny teeth; pilus dentilis 4–5 long, located between second and third tooth. Spermatodactyl L-shaped. PALP: Chaetotaxy same as female. HYPOSTOME: chaetotaxy same as female.</p><p>Legs. Chaetotaxy same as those in adult female. Leg IV tibia and basitarsus each with a knobbed macroseta 16–20, 24–26.</p><p>Specimens examined: 2♀, Lishan National Nature Reserve, Shanxi Province, China, ex. Corylus heterophylla ( Betulaceae), coll. Y. Liu and F.-X. Ren, 29.vii.2022 ; 1♀, Lishan National Nature Reserve, Shanxi Province, China, ex. Euonymus alatus ( Celastraceae), coll. Y. Liu and F.-X. Ren, 29.vii.2022 ; 2♀, Lishan National Nature Reserve, Shanxi Province, China, ex. Forsythia suspensa ( Oleaceae), coll. Y. Liu and F.-X. Ren, 29.vii.2022 ; 1♀, Lishan National Nature Reserve, Shanxi Province, China, ex. Spiraea salicifolia ( Rosaceae), coll. Y. Liu and F.–X. Ren, 1.viii.2022 ; 19♀, 10♂, 5 larva, 4 protonymph, 9 deutonymph, Lishan National Nature Reserve, Shanxi Province, China, ex. Euonymus alatus ( Betulaceae), coll. Y. Liu and F.–X. Ren, 24.vii.2023 .</p><p>Other specimens examined: 3♀, Guiyang Forest Park, Guizhou Province, China, ex. Rubus alceifolius ( Rosaceae), coll. H. Chen, 16.vi.2024 ; 1♀, Kaili City, Qiandongnan Miao &amp; Dong Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou Province, China, ex. Rubus lambertianus ( Rosaceae), coll. G.-Z. Wang, 16.vi.2024 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/665F8787FFE8E152C4B4A6EC41DB68A6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Feng, Xiao;Liu, Yu;Diao, Chun-Xia;Fan, Qing-Hai;Ma, Min	Feng, Xiao, Liu, Yu, Diao, Chun-Xia, Fan, Qing-Hai, Ma, Min (2025): Ontogenetic characterization of Phytoseius huaxiensis (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Zootaxa 5740 (1): 6-25, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5740.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5740.1.4
