identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
AF523CB9E4165B44BBBB73585BB527A4.text	AF523CB9E4165B44BBBB73585BB527A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neocosmospora bostrycoides (Wollenw. & Reinking) Sandoval-Denis, L. Lombard and Crous	<div><p>Neocosmospora bostrycoides (Wollenw. &amp; Reinking) Sandoval-Denis, L. Lombard and Crous, Persoonia 43: 115 (2019)</p><p>Fig. 9</p><p>Description.</p><p>Associated with contaminated rubber latex. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph on PDA: Conidiophores abundant on aerial and substrate mycelium, erect and simple, straight or flexuous, smooth- and thin-walled, bearing terminal or lateral, forming monophialides on the apices. Phialides (11 –) 15 × 30 (– 35) × 2.5–5 μm (x – = 22 × 4 μm, n = 30), subcylindrical to subulate, monophialidic, smooth- and thin-walled with a short flared apical collarette. Aerial conidia 5–11 × 2.5–5 μm (x – = 6.8 × 3.6 μm, n = 50), obovoidal, broadly ellipsoidal to ellipsoidal, straight or rarely curved, 0 (– 1) - septate, hyaline, smooth- and thin-walled, clustering abundantly in false heads at the tip of monophialides. Sporodochial conidiophores sparingly verticillately branched, bearing terminal whorls of 2–3 - monophialides. Sporodochial phialides 11–20 × 3–4 μm (x – = 15 × 3.4 μm, n = 30), flask-shaped, subcylindrical to short subulate, smooth- and thin-walled, conidiogenous loci with inconspicuous periclinal thickening and collarette. Sporodochial conidia 22–38 × 4–6 μm (x – = 31 × 4.6 μm, n = 50), moderately to distinctly dorsiventrally curved narrowing gently toward base, dorsal line usually almost straight; apical cell often equal in length to adjacent cell, blunt and rounded with curved apex; basal cell often distinctly notched, 1–4 - septate, hyaline, smooth- and thick-walled. Chlamydospores 6–10 μm diam., abundantly formed, globose to subglobose, smooth- and thick-walled, terminal or intercalary in hyphae or conidia, solitary, in chains or in clusters.</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>Colonies on PDA at room temperature (20–25 ° C) covered the entire 6 cm Petri dish within three days, white to pale yellow, with abundant aerial mycelium; reverse white to pale yellow. Sporulation was observed after prolonged incubation on PDA at room temperature.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>China, • Yunnan Province, Lincang City, contaminated rubber latex, 28 July 2022, Rui-Fang Xu, L-12 A (GMB-W 1263), living culture GMBCC 2519 .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Phylogenetic analysis placed strain GMBCC 2519 within the Neocosmospora bostrycoides lineage, supported by 100 % ML and 1.00 BYPP values (Fig. 6). Morphologically, GMB-W 1263 closely resembles the reference strain Neocosmospora bostrycoides (CBS 130391). It aligns with the species description but is characterized by shorter sporodochial conidia (22–38 μm vs. 40.5–51.5 μm) (Sandoval-Denis et al. 2019). Nucleotide comparisons revealed differences of 5 bp in ITS (2 gaps), 3 bp in LSU (0 gaps), and 6 bp in rpb 2 (0 gaps) between GMBCC 2519 and Neocosmospora bostrycoides (CBS 144.25). Neocosmospora bostrycoides was collected from contaminated old rubber latex in a container near a rubber tree. In the present study, this species showed measurable surface-associated changes on natural rubber under laboratory incubation conditions.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AF523CB9E4165B44BBBB73585BB527A4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Xu, Rui-Fang;Karunarathna, Samantha C.;Hyde, Kevin D.;Phukhamsakda, Chayanard;Rapior, Sylvie;Dai, Dong-Qin;Wang, Mei-Mei;Ali, Sajad;Yang, Jing-Ya;Kakumyan, Pattana;Tibpromma, Saowaluck	Xu, Rui-Fang, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Hyde, Kevin D., Phukhamsakda, Chayanard, Rapior, Sylvie, Dai, Dong-Qin, Wang, Mei-Mei, Ali, Sajad, Yang, Jing-Ya, Kakumyan, Pattana, Tibpromma, Saowaluck (2026): Screening and identification of fungal species associated with early-stage deterioration of natural rubber. MycoKeys 134: 119-156, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.134.195079
2BE018370F615951B3A2E99DFC3B7E27.text	2BE018370F615951B3A2E99DFC3B7E27.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paracremonium laticis R. F. Xu, K. D. Hyde & Tibpromma 2026	<div><p>Paracremonium laticis R. F. Xu, K. D. Hyde &amp; Tibpromma sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 11</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Refers to the isolated source “rubber latex.”</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>GMB-W 1264.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Associated with contaminated rubber latex. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Fruiting bodies observed on the PDA plate covered with a natural rubber disc. Mycelium 3–7 μm wide, hyaline, septate, granulate. Conidiophores borne on aerial mycelium, slightly tapering upward, micronematous, mononematous, erect, simple, straight or slightly flexuous, smooth-walled, thin-walled, hyaline, sometimes reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells formed singly or integrated within hyphae, mostly enteroblastic, phialidic, arising laterally or terminally from hyphae, hyaline, smooth-walled, cylindrical to subcylindrical, occasionally slightly swollen at the base, tapering towards the apex, producing conidia successively. Conidiogenous loci are inconspicuous, without conspicuous collarettes. Conidia 5–10 × 3–6 μm (x – = 7.2 × 4.5, n = 50), solitary, hyaline, ellipsoidal to ovoid, sometimes slightly oblong, straight, smooth-walled, aseptate, typically rounded at both ends, slightly broader at the center with granular or guttulate.</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>Colonies on PDA at room temperature (20–25 ° C), covering the whole plate within one week (6 cm diameter Petri dish), white, circular, rough, raised, entire margin; reverse white. Sporulation occurred after prolonged incubation on PDA covered with natural rubber discs.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>China, • Yunnan Province, Lincang City, contaminated rubber latex, 28 July 2022, Rui-Fang Xu, L-25 (GMB-W 1264), living culture GMBCC 2520 .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>In this study, a multi-gene phylogenetic analysis based on the ITS, LSU, and TUB 2 gene regions revealed that strain GMBCC 2520 belongs to Paracremonium and forms an independent branch sister to P. binnewijzendii (Fig. 7). Pairwise nucleotide comparison of ITS, LSU, and TUB 2 showed that P. laticis (GMBCC 2520) differs from P. binnewijzendii (CBS 143277, ex-type) by 45 / 531 bp (8.47 %, 9 gaps), 15 / 774 bp (1.94 %, 0 gaps), and 33 / 338 bp (9.76 %, 9 gaps), respectively (Jeewon and Hyde 2016). Morphologically, this collection (GMB-W 1264) can be distinguished from P. binnewijzendii (CBS H-23246, holotype) by its shorter and mostly integrated conidiogenous cells, which are cylindrical to subcylindrical, occasionally swollen at the base, and lack conspicuous collarettes, whereas P. binnewijzendii (CBS H-23246, holotype) possesses erect, unbranched, slightly tapering phialides with a visible collarette. Moreover, P. laticis (GMB-W 1264) produces broader conidia (3–6 μm vs. (1.5 –) 2.5–3.5 (– 4.5) μm) that are ellipsoidal to ovoid, smooth-walled, and typically formed singly, while P. binnewijzendii forms narrower, ellipsoidal to fusoid conidia in slimy heads at the phialide apices (Crous et al. 2017). Therefore, strain GMBCC 2520 ( P. laticis) is introduced as a new species based on molecular and morphological analyses. The species was isolated from deteriorated rubber latex collected from a container near a rubber tree in Yunnan Province, China, and was associated with detectable surface alterations and oxidative modification signals on natural rubber during laboratory incubation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2BE018370F615951B3A2E99DFC3B7E27	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Xu, Rui-Fang;Karunarathna, Samantha C.;Hyde, Kevin D.;Phukhamsakda, Chayanard;Rapior, Sylvie;Dai, Dong-Qin;Wang, Mei-Mei;Ali, Sajad;Yang, Jing-Ya;Kakumyan, Pattana;Tibpromma, Saowaluck	Xu, Rui-Fang, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Hyde, Kevin D., Phukhamsakda, Chayanard, Rapior, Sylvie, Dai, Dong-Qin, Wang, Mei-Mei, Ali, Sajad, Yang, Jing-Ya, Kakumyan, Pattana, Tibpromma, Saowaluck (2026): Screening and identification of fungal species associated with early-stage deterioration of natural rubber. MycoKeys 134: 119-156, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.134.195079
29072FAA437F5B9A8E38739DE3A2A365.text	29072FAA437F5B9A8E38739DE3A2A365.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Schizophyllum commune	<div><p>Schizophyllum commune Observ. mycol. (Havniae) 1: 103 (1815) [as ‘ Schizophyllus communis’]</p><p>Fig. 12</p><p>Description.</p><p>Colonies on PDA are white, cottony to flossy, and gradually develop a central bulge, but no fruiting bodies are formed. The mycelium is hyaline, septate, granulate, 3–4.5 μm wide, and with clamp connections. Fruiting structures were not observed in either PDA cultures or cultures grown on PDA with natural rubber discs.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>China, • Yunnan Province, Lincang City, contaminated rubber latex, 24 April 2023, Rui-Fang Xu, L-33, (GMB-W 1268), living culture GMBCC 2521 .</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>Colonies on PDA at room temperature (20–25 ° C), covering the whole plate within 10 days (6 cm diameter Petri dish), white, cottony to flossy, filamentous, raised, with a filiform margin; reverse yellow to pale yellow.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Combined multilocus phylogenetic analyses identified strain GMBCC 2521 as Schizophyllum commune (Fig. 8). Morphological observation showed that the strain (GMB-W 1268) did not produce spores. However, clamp connections, which are typical of basidiomycetes, were clearly observed on the hyphae (Fig. 12).</p><p>Schizophyllum commune is a widely distributed white-rot fungus prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions (Robledo et al. 2014). It is recognized for its ligninolytic enzyme system and its ability to degrade structurally complex plant polymers (Kumar et al. 2022). Previous studies have demonstrated that certain white-rot fungi, including Phlebia radiata, Pleurotus ostreatus, Resinicium bicolor, and Trametes versicolor, are capable of degrading rubber (Bredberg et al. 2002; Singh et al. 2017; Andler et al. 2021; Puello-Mendez et al. 2022).</p><p>Strain GMBCC 2521 was isolated from deteriorated natural rubber latex collected in Yunnan Province, China. During laboratory incubation, the strain was associated with measurable mass-loss trends and observable surface-associated changes on natural rubber discs. Although the ability of white-rot fungi to modify complex polymeric materials has been widely reported, the present observations suggest that Schizophyllum commune may be associated with early-stage surface deterioration and oxidative modification of natural rubber under the experimental conditions.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/29072FAA437F5B9A8E38739DE3A2A365	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Xu, Rui-Fang;Karunarathna, Samantha C.;Hyde, Kevin D.;Phukhamsakda, Chayanard;Rapior, Sylvie;Dai, Dong-Qin;Wang, Mei-Mei;Ali, Sajad;Yang, Jing-Ya;Kakumyan, Pattana;Tibpromma, Saowaluck	Xu, Rui-Fang, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Hyde, Kevin D., Phukhamsakda, Chayanard, Rapior, Sylvie, Dai, Dong-Qin, Wang, Mei-Mei, Ali, Sajad, Yang, Jing-Ya, Kakumyan, Pattana, Tibpromma, Saowaluck (2026): Screening and identification of fungal species associated with early-stage deterioration of natural rubber. MycoKeys 134: 119-156, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.134.195079
