identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
D7BDA5C5ABA751349FE2C885DEFA1A02.text	D7BDA5C5ABA751349FE2C885DEFA1A02.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chaetospiridae Jankowski	<div><p>Family Chaetospiridae Jankowski in Small &amp; Lynn, 1985</p><p>Improved diagnosis.</p><p>Non-dorsomarginalian Hypotrichia with flask-shaped and distinctly spiraled body. Lorica usually present. Oral apparatus gonostomatid, i. e., with adoral zone extending along left margin of narrow neck-like region, paroral and endoral stichomonad, paroral basal bodies more widely spaced than those of endoral. Frontal and parabuccal cirri present or absent. Two frontoventral and two marginal cirral rows. Pretransverse and transverse cirri absent. Caudal cirri present or absent. Frontoventral, marginal, and dorsal kinety rows originate at two levels through ‘ within-row’ anlagen formation.</p><p>Genera included.</p><p>Chaetospira Lachmann, 1856 and Stichotricha Perty, 1849 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D7BDA5C5ABA751349FE2C885DEFA1A02	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Bharti, Daizy;Kumar, Santosh;Omar, Atef;Jung, Jae-Ho	Bharti, Daizy, Kumar, Santosh, Omar, Atef, Jung, Jae-Ho (2026): Morphology, morphogenesis, and multigene phylogeny of Stichotricha koreana sp. nov. (Alveolata, Ciliophora, Hypotricha): taxonomic implications for the family Chaetospiridae Jankowski in Small & Lynn, 1985. ZooKeys 1275: 345-373, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1275.181694
4FC9BDE644CB5D6A935D2999741BD407.text	4FC9BDE644CB5D6A935D2999741BD407.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stichotricha koreana Bharti & Kumar & Omar & Jung 2026	<div><p>Stichotricha koreana sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9; Table 1</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Body size 172–217 × 42–62 µm in vivo. Body slender and elongate. Cell inhabiting a cylindrical, gelatinous lorica. Two macronuclear nodules and two to five micronuclei. Adoral zone occupying ~ 58 % of body length, composed of 71–94 membranelles. Endoral ~ 30 % shorter than paroral anteriorly. Two frontal and one or two buccal cirri. Parabuccal row in narrowed anterior region, composed of 6–12 cirri. Left frontoventral row composed of 57–74 and right row of 55–75 cirri. Left marginal cirral row composed of 46–57, right row of 43–59 cirri. Three bipolar dorsal kineties, each with one caudal cirrus posteriorly.</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Temporary puddle (after rainfall) on a footpath (Baugil) behind the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.865&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.774387" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.865/lat 37.774387)">Kangwon National University</a>, Gangneung-si, Korea (37°46'27.80"N, 128°51'54.00"E).</p><p>Type material.</p><p>The protargol slide (NNIBRPR 27999) with the holotype specimen (Figs 1 C, 1 D, 3 A, 3 B) and two paratype slides (NNIBRPR 28000, NNIBRPR 28001) have been deposited at the Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Korea. The holotype and paratype specimens have been marked by black ink circles on the back of the slides. Additionally, five other paratype slides (GUC 007031, GUC 007032, GUC 007035, GUC 007047, and GUC 007048) have been deposited in Jung lab (J. - H. Jung) at the Kangwon National University.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species-group name koreana refers to the country where the species was discovered.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Body size in vivo 172–217 × 42–62 µm (on average 194 × 52 µm) and 136–170 × 36–55 µm after protargol impregnation. Length: width ratio 3.0–4.5: 1 in vivo (on average 3.8: 1) and 2.9–4.1: 1 (on average 3.4: 1) after protargol impregnation (Figs 1 A, 1 C, 1 D, 2 A – D, 3 A – G, 4 A, 4 B; Table 1). Body slender to elongate fusiform, mid-body circular in cross section. Anterior body portion narrow and slightly dorsally curved bearing more than half of the adoral zone of membranelles (AZM); mid-body with slightly to distinctly convex margins; posterior end rounded (Figs 1 A, 1 C, 1 D, 2 A – H, 3 A – H, 4 A, 4 B). Cell flexible and slightly contractile (Figs 2 A – H). Nuclear apparatus consisting of two widely separated macronuclear nodules and two to five micronuclei, located in the second and fourth quarters of the body, slightly left of mid-line. Macronuclear nodules ellipsoidal, ~ 18 × 9 µm in protargol preparations, each containing numerous nucleoli. Micronuclei spherical, usually attached to macronuclear nodules ~ 2.3 × 2.1 µm in protargol preparations (Figs 1 A, 1 D, 2 D, 2 F, 2 G, 2 I, 3 B – F, 4 A; Table 1). Contractile vacuole near mid-body at left body margin; collecting canals extending to near both body ends (Figs 1 A, 2 B, 2 E). Cortical granules absent; numerous subpellicular mitochondria present (Fig. 2 H). Cytoplasm colorless, containing small refractive crystals and few fat droplets (Figs 1 A, 2 G, 2 I). Food vacuoles containing bacteria (Figs 1 A, 2 D, 2 G, 2 I). Cells inhabit yellowish, granular, translucent gelatinous loricae, 100–140 µm wide in vivo, often branched (Figs 1 B, 2 A, 2 B). Cells move forward and backward within the lorica, often escaping by swimming moderately fast while rotating around the longitudinal axis. Multiple loricae usually attach together forming a colony and occasionally connect at their bases.</p><p>Adoral zone straight, distal end slightly extending to right, occupying ~ 58 % of body length, composed of 71–94 membranelles. Cilia ~ 14 µm long in vivo. Buccal cavity deep, tear-drop shaped at base of narrowed anterior portion of body. Undulating membranes each composed of a single row of basal bodies, basal bodies in the paroral spaced more widely than those in the endoral; paroral 43–56 µm long, cilia 12–14 µm long in vivo; endoral 29–39 µm long, slightly sigmoid, shortened anteriorly (Figs 1 A, 1 C, 2 D, 2 F – H, 3 A, 3 D, 3 E, 3 G, 3 H, 4 A; Table 1). Pharyngeal fibers curved towards right (Figs 1 A, 2 F, 2 G, 3 A, 3 E).</p><p>a Data based, if not stated otherwise, on mounted, protargol-impregnated, and randomly selected specimens from a semipure culture. Measurements in µm. Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirrus; CV, coefficient of variation in %; EM, endoral membrane; HT, holotype; M, median; Max, maximum; Mean, arithmetic mean; Min, minimum; n, number of individuals investigated; PM, paroral membrane; SD, standard deviation; SE, standard error of arithmetic mean.</p><p>Invariably two frontal cirri, with cilia ~ 14 µm long in vivo: frontal cirrus 1 (originating from anlage I) is located posterior of frontal cirrus 2 (originating from anlage II). Usually one buccal cirrus (2 of 19 specimens with two buccal cirri each), located ~ 1 µm posterior to the left of the anterior end of endoral membrane. Parabuccal row short with 6–12 cirri, commencing anteriorly at ~ 10 % of body length and extending along the narrowed portion of body. Left frontoventral row with 57–74 cirri, commencing at ~ 20 % of body length and ending terminally; right frontoventral row with 55–75 cirri, commencing at ~ 14 % of body length and ending terminally. Both rows spiraling approximately half to one turn around body axis. Left marginal row extending from posterior portion of adoral zone to posterior body end, composed of 46–57 cirri; right marginal row commencing anteriorly at ~ 36 % of body length, composed of 43–59 cirri. Both marginal rows curve approx. half a turn around long axis, ending terminally (Figs 1 A, 1 C, 1 D, 2 D – H, 3 A – I, 4 A, 4 B; Table 1).</p><p>Three dorsal kineties, bristles 4.0–5.0 µm long in vivo. Kinety 1 slightly shortened anteriorly (i. e., commencing at ~ 13 % of body length), composed of 38–49 dikinetids; kineties 2 and 3 bipolar, with 42–54 and 37–49 dikinetids, respectively. Often 2–4 bristles were observed between kineties 2 and 3; however, it is unclear whether these are anteriormost bristles of kinety 3, which bends backwards, or are parental remnants. Three, rarely four, caudal cirri, one at the posterior end of each dorsal kinety (Figs 1 C, 1 D, 3 B – F, 4 A, 4 B; Table 1).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4FC9BDE644CB5D6A935D2999741BD407	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Bharti, Daizy;Kumar, Santosh;Omar, Atef;Jung, Jae-Ho	Bharti, Daizy, Kumar, Santosh, Omar, Atef, Jung, Jae-Ho (2026): Morphology, morphogenesis, and multigene phylogeny of Stichotricha koreana sp. nov. (Alveolata, Ciliophora, Hypotricha): taxonomic implications for the family Chaetospiridae Jankowski in Small & Lynn, 1985. ZooKeys 1275: 345-373, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1275.181694
