identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
6229EC42FFCD512FFF41FE2BFA5CF859.text	6229EC42FFCD512FFF41FE2BFA5CF859.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mantodea	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Key to Families of Indian  Mantodea</p>
            <p> 1. Body metallic green or bluish green in colour (Fig. 9). Proximal posteroventral spine of fore femora much elongate and stout (Fig. 10). Fore wings with pseudovein (Fig. 11)..................................................  Metallyticidae</p>
            <p>- Body non- metallic in colour. Proximal posteroventral spine of fore femora not as above, same as other posteroventral spines. Fore wings without pseudovein.......................................................................... 2</p>
            <p> 2. Pronotum short, trapezoidal, without any lateral pronotal expansions (Fig. 136). Fore femora with only one discoidal spine. Fore tibia devoid of spines except tibial spur (Fig. 137). Distal cercomere expanded like a leaf(Fig. 138)..  Amorphoscelidae</p>
            <p>- Pronotum distinctly longer than broad, sometimes with lateral pronotal expansions. Fore femora with more than one discoidal spine. Fore tibia usually with two rows of spines and tibial spur. Distal cercomere not expanded as above............... 3</p>
            <p> 3. Anteroventral spines of fore femora arranged 1 long and 3-4 short alternately (Figs. 75, 77). Antennae of male bipectinate (Fig.74).....................................................................................  Empusidae</p>
            <p>- Anteroventral spines of fore femora arranged differently, usually 1 long and 1 short alternately (Fig. 37). Antennae of male simple, sometimes ciliate (Fig. 58)........................................................................ 4</p>
            <p> 4. Fore tibial posteroventral spines numerous, mostly arranged closely and more or less decumbent (Fig. 114), sometimes otherwise (Fig. 84). Usually vertex with process (Figs. 81, 83, 94, 104, 106, 117). Fore femora sometimes with leaf-like dilation (Figs. 98, 102, 103, 105, 107, 110). Fore wings often with transverse bands or eye-like markings (Figs. 83, 93, 96) and hind wings with bright colouration (Figs. 92, 93).............................................................  Hymenopodidae</p>
            <p>- Fore tibial posteroventral spines less in number, well separated and not decumbent (Figs. 141, 149). Vertex sometimes with process. Fore femora simple, without leaf-like dilations (Figs. 37, 43, 141). Fore wings without eye-like markings as above and hind wings with or without colouration.................................................................... 5</p>
            <p>5. Antennae and/or anterior margin of fore wings distinctly ciliated at least in males (Figs. 58, 59), if not, then disc of pronotum highly tuberculated (Fig. 53). Pronotum short or a little elongated, more or less denticulated laterally or tuberculated on disc (Figs. 47, 53, 61, 72). Eyes round........................................................................ 6</p>
            <p>- Antennae or anterior margin of fore wings not ciliated as above. Pronotum mostly elongated or with lateral pronotal expansions (Figs. 16, 28, 118, 120, 123, 133, 144, 148) sometimes denticulated laterally, but without tubercles on disc. Eyes round to conical (Figs. 15, 17, 19, 21, 30, 36, 134, 140).............................................................. 7</p>
            <p> 6. Body mostly small, bark coloured (Figs. 48, 51, 54, 57, 62, 66, 69). Pronotum short, more or less tuberculated on disc, lateral sides mostly smooth, metazone as long as or a little longer than prozone (Figs. 47, 50, 53, 56, 61, 67, 70) sometimes pronotum with spine-like structure at maximum dilation (Fig. 53).............................................  Gonypetidae</p>
            <p> - Body medium-sized (Fig. 71). Pronotum elongated, not tuberculated on disc, lateral sides more or less denticulated, metazone distinctly longer than prozone, pronotum without spine-like structure at maximum dilation (Figs. 71, 72).......  Haaniidae</p>
            <p> 7. Body mostly brown colored. Fore wings with enlarged, black anal area (Figs. 29, 32, 33)...................  Rivetinidae</p>
            <p>- Body green or brown colored. Fore wings without black anal area as above (Figs. 35, 121, 124, 127, 133)............... 8</p>
            <p> 8. Body long, bizarre (unusual) shaped (Figs. 35, 38, 40). Eyes mostly with a lateral spine or tubercle (Figs. 36, 41). Mid and hind legs mostly with lobular structures (Figs. 38, 40)...................................................  Toxoderidae</p>
            <p>- Body not bizarre shaped. Eyes without lateral spine or tubercle (Figs. 134, 140). Mid and hind legs sometimes with small lobes............................................................................................... 9</p>
            <p> 9. Eyes mostly oblong (Fig. 15, 17, 19, 24, 26). Pronotum more or less rectangular and depressed. Supra-coxal dilation indistinctly to moderately marked (Figs. 14, 20, 23, 27)....................................................  Eremiaphilidae</p>
            <p>- Eyes rounded or slightly conical. Pronotum neither rectangular nor depressed as above. Supra-coxal dilation distinctly marked (Figs. 118, 123, 125, 144, 148).......................................................................... 10</p>
            <p> 10. Body resembling stick or leaf. Pronotum either very long, at least 5 times as long as wide (Figs. 119–121) or with large lateral pronotal expansion along entire length (Fig. 118).................................................  Deroplatyidae</p>
            <p>- Body different. Pronotum slender or a little elongate, sometimes with lateral pronotal expansion (Figs.124, 125, 133, 144, 148)............................................................................................... 11</p>
            <p>11. Body small and delicate usually green in colour (Figs. 139, 143, 147). Lower frons transverse and narrow (Figs. 140, 145). 12</p>
            <p> - Body large and strong, green or brown in colour (Figs. 124, 127, 133). Lower frons not as above, usually broad and pentagonal (Fig. 134)....................................................................................  Mantidae</p>
            <p> 12. Fore femora with 3 discoidal spines. Posteroventral spines of fore tibiae gradually increase in length towards apex (Fig. 149).........................................................................................  Nanomantidae</p>
            <p> - Fore femora with 4 discoidal spines. Posteroventral spines of fore tibiae unequal in length and irregularly placed (Fig. 141).......................................................................................  Leptomantellidae</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6229EC42FFCD512FFF41FE2BFA5CF859	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kamila, A. P.;Sureshan, P. M.	Kamila, A. P., Sureshan, P. M. (2025): An illustrated key to the praying mantids (Insecta: Mantodea) of India up to generic level. Zootaxa 5566 (3): 446-480, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5566.3.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5566.3.2
6229EC42FFC75125FF41FED7FA5DFB15.text	6229EC42FFC75125FF41FED7FA5DFB15.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eremiaphilidae Saussure 1869	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  EREMIAPHILIDAE Saussure, 1869</p>
            <p> Three of the four subfamilies are currently recorded from India.  Eremiaphilinae is composed of two genera, with one genus in India. The only genus in  Parathespinae is recorded from India. Subfamily  Iridinae contains four tribes, all of which occur in India. </p>
            <p> 1. Body short and stout. Pronotum slightly longer than broad or squarish (Fig. 12). Sub-genital plate of females with 2 long spines (Fig. 13) (  Eremiaphilinae )...................................................................  Eremiaphila</p>
            <p>- Body slender. Pronotum distinctly longer than broad. Sub-genital plate of females without any spine................... 2</p>
            <p> 2. Fore femora with 4 posteroventral spines. Disc of pronotum granulated (Fig. 14). Lower frons very narrow (Fig. 15) (  Parathespinae ).............................................................................  Parathespis</p>
            <p> - Fore femora with 5, sometimes 4, posteroventral spines. Disc of pronotum not granulated. Lower frons trapezoidal or pentagonal (Figs. 21, 26) (  Iridinae )................................................................................ 3 </p>
            <p> 3. Body very long and slender (Fig. 16). Fore femora with 3 discoidal spines. Eyes conical with sharply pointed upper edge (Fig. 17) (  Schizocephalini )......................................................................  Schizocephala</p>
            <p>- Body medium-sized and slender (Figs. 18, 20, 23, 25, 27). Fore femora with 4 discoidal spines. Eyes mostly conical, but without pointed upper edge (Figs. 19, 21, 24, 26)............................................................ 4</p>
            <p> 4. Juxta-ocular lobes of vertex prolonged into a long conical process (Fig. 19) (  Didymocoryphini )..........  Didymocorypha</p>
            <p>- Juxta-ocular lobes of vertex not as above................................................................... 5</p>
            <p> 5. Body green or brown. Eyes round. Metazone as long as fore coxa (Fig. 27) (  Iridini )..............................  Iris</p>
            <p> - Body brown. Eyes oblong or oval. Metazone longer than fore coxa (Figs. 20, 23, 25) (  Dysaulini ) ...................... 6 </p>
            <p>6. Fore femora with 5 posteroventral spines. Vertex deeply excavated (Figs. 24, 26)................................... 7</p>
            <p> - Fore femora with 4 posteroventral spines (Fig. 22). Vertex not excavated as above (Fig.21).............  Dysaulophthalma</p>
            <p> 7. Juxta-ocular lobes not extending over eyes (Fig. 24). Second posteroventral spine longer than others. Hind wings with an oval dark patch(Fig. 23)..............................................................................  Dysaules</p>
            <p> - Juxta-ocular lobes extending over eyes (Fig. 26). First posteroventral spine longer than others. Hind wings without any oval dark patch (Fig. 25)........................................................................  Oxyophthalma</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6229EC42FFC75125FF41FED7FA5DFB15	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kamila, A. P.;Sureshan, P. M.	Kamila, A. P., Sureshan, P. M. (2025): An illustrated key to the praying mantids (Insecta: Mantodea) of India up to generic level. Zootaxa 5566 (3): 446-480, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5566.3.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5566.3.2
6229EC42FFC75125FF41FF0BFC00FF6C.text	6229EC42FFC75125FF41FF0BFC00FF6C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metallyticidae Giglio-Tos 1917	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  METALLYTICIDAE Giglio-Tos, 1917</p>
            <p> The only genus in this family occurs in India:  Metallyticus (Figs. 9–11). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6229EC42FFC75125FF41FF0BFC00FF6C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kamila, A. P.;Sureshan, P. M.	Kamila, A. P., Sureshan, P. M. (2025): An illustrated key to the praying mantids (Insecta: Mantodea) of India up to generic level. Zootaxa 5566 (3): 446-480, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5566.3.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5566.3.2
6229EC42FFC75125FF41FB4FFA5CF90F.text	6229EC42FFC75125FF41FB4FFA5CF90F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rivetinidae Ehrmann & Roy 2002	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  RIVETINIDAE Ehrmann &amp; Roy, 2002</p>
            <p> Both subfamilies of  Rivetinidae are reported from India. </p>
            <p> 1. Large, elongated body. Head wider than length (Figs. 30, 32)  Deiphobinae ....................................... 2 </p>
            <p> - Medium-sized body. Head as long as wide (Fig. 33)  Rivetininae ................................................ 5 </p>
            <p> 2. Males brachypterous (Fig. 28) (  Cotigaonopsini ).................................................  Cotigaonopsis</p>
            <p> - Males mesopterous to macropterous (  Deiphobini )........................................................... 3 </p>
            <p> 3. Eyes conical (Fig. 30). Cerci elongate, laterally compressed (Fig. 31)...................................  Deiphobella</p>
            <p>- Eyes round (Fig. 32). Anal cerci simple, not compressed...................................................... 4</p>
            <p> 4. Occiput produced on each side in a flat rounded lobe.................................................  Indothespis</p>
            <p> - Occiput not as above...........................................................................  Deiphobe</p>
            <p> 5. Eyes sub-conical. Superior edge of lower frons sub-truncate. In females, sub-genital plate ventrally with two central spines (Fig. 34).....................................................................................  Rivetinula</p>
            <p> - Eyes round. Lower frons transverse. In females, sub-genital plate ventrally without central spines............  Pararivetina</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6229EC42FFC75125FF41FB4FFA5CF90F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kamila, A. P.;Sureshan, P. M.	Kamila, A. P., Sureshan, P. M. (2025): An illustrated key to the praying mantids (Insecta: Mantodea) of India up to generic level. Zootaxa 5566 (3): 446-480, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5566.3.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5566.3.2
6229EC42FFC75126FF41F971FA5CFE0D.text	6229EC42FFC75126FF41F971FA5CFE0D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Toxoderidae Saussure 1869	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  TOXODERIDAE Saussure, 1869</p>
            <p>Two of four subfamilies, with four tribes among them, are reported from India.</p>
            <p> 1. Fore femora with 4 discoidal and 4 posteroventral spines. Tibial spur groove near middle (Fig. 37)  Oxyothespinae (  Heterochaetulini )........................................................................  Heterochaetula</p>
            <p> - Fore femora with 3 discoidal and 5‒6 posteroventral spines. Tibial spur groove close to the base (Fig. 43)  Toxoderinae .... 2 </p>
            <p> 2. Vertex separated from juxta-ocular area by a prominent sulcus (Fig. 39). Carinae on mid and hind tibiae developed into lobes (Fig. 38) (  Aethalochroini )....................................................................  Aethalochroa</p>
            <p>- Vertex without or weakly expressed sulcus. Mid and hind tibiae without carinae and lobes........................... 3</p>
            <p> 3. Fore coxae distally enlarged (Fig. 42) (  Toxoderopsini )....................................................... 4 </p>
            <p> - Fore coxae distally not enlarged (  Calamothespini )..................................................  Toxomantis</p>
            <p>4. Mid and hind femora with genicular spines. Abdominal segments ventrally with small thread-like extensions (Fig. 44)..... 5</p>
            <p> - Mid and hind femora without genicular spines. Abdominal segments without any thread-like extensions.......  Toxodanuria</p>
            <p> 5. Vertex with protuberance. Thread-like structures present only on first 6 abdominal segments................  Toxoderopsis</p>
            <p> - Vertex without any protuberances. Thread-like structures present on first 7 abdominal segments..............  Euthyphleps</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6229EC42FFC75126FF41F971FA5CFE0D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kamila, A. P.;Sureshan, P. M.	Kamila, A. P., Sureshan, P. M. (2025): An illustrated key to the praying mantids (Insecta: Mantodea) of India up to generic level. Zootaxa 5566 (3): 446-480, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5566.3.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5566.3.2
6229EC42FFC45126FF41FE76FA5DF98F.text	6229EC42FFC45126FF41FE76FA5DF98F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gonypetidae Westwood 1889	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  GONYPETIDAE Westwood, 1889</p>
            <p> Two subfamilies, five tribes and ten genera of  Gonypetidae occur in India. </p>
            <p> 1. Discoidal spines not arranged in a row. First discoidal spine reduced to a tubercle, third one the longest, fourth one situated just opposite to the first large anteroventral spine. First large anteroventral spine much longer than the others (Figs. 46, 49, 64)  Iridopteryginae ...................................................................................... 2 </p>
            <p> - Discoidal spines arranged in a row and not as above. First large anteroventral spine almost as long as the others  Gonypetinae ................................................................................................... 4 </p>
            <p> 2. Body small to medium-sized, coloured (Fig. 45). Forecoxa almost as long as or a little longer than metazone. Pronotum distinctly constricted in the posterior half, metazone almost twice as long as prozone (Fig. 47) (  Iridopterygini ).......... 3 </p>
            <p> - Body small, bark-coloured (Fig. 48). Forecoxa much longer than metazone. Pronotum diamond-shaped, metazone almost as long as or slightly longer than prozone (Fig. 50) (  Amantini ).............................................  Amantis</p>
            <p> 3. First discoidal spine on fore femora smaller than fourth one (Fig. 46). Lower frons about two times wider than long..................................................................................................  Hapalopeza</p>
            <p> - First discoidal spine larger than fourth one (Fig. 64). Lower frons about three times wider than long.......  Tricondylomimus</p>
            <p>4. Body medium-sized, dorso-ventrally flattened (Figs. 51, 54). Pronotum highly tuberculated on disc, in a shield shape (Figs. 53, 56)................................................................................................. 5</p>
            <p>- Body small, dorso-ventrally not flattened (Figs. 57, 62, 66, 69). Pronotum less to moderately tuberculated on disc, somewhat rhomboidal in shape (Figs. 61, 70)........................................................................ 6</p>
            <p> 5. Juxta-ocular lobes of vertex conical (Fig. 55). Costal area of fore wings half as wide as discoidal area and gradually narrow towards apex (Fig. 54)........................................................................  Theopompa</p>
            <p> - Juxta-ocular lobes prominent but not conical (Fig. 52). Costal area of fore wings narrow and not as above (Fig. 51).................................................................................................  Humbertiella</p>
            <p>6. Basitarsus of hind leg longer than the rest tarsomeres taken together (Figs. 57, 62).................................. 7</p>
            <p>- Basitarsus of hind leg not longer than the rest tarsomeres taken together (Figs. 65, 66, 69)............................ 8</p>
            <p> 7. All posteroventral spines almost equal in length. Proximal two posteroventral spines of fore femora always adjacent (Fig. 60).............................................................................................  Elmantis</p>
            <p> - Second and third posteroventral spines shorter than first and last. Proximal two posteroventral spines of fore femora adjacent or well separated................................................................................  Gimantis</p>
            <p> 8. Metazone longer than prozone (Fig. 65). Fore femora not broad, superior margin straight.....................  Gonypeta</p>
            <p>- Metazone almost as long as prozone (Figs. 67, 70). Fore femora broad, superior margin slightly curved (Fig. 68)......... 9</p>
            <p> 9. Body small, around 1cm in length (Fig. 66). Pronotum rectangular. Supra-coxal dilation indistinctly marked, lateral edges of metazone almost straight (Fig. 67). Females apterous................................................  Gonypetyllis</p>
            <p> - Body more than 1.5 cm in length (Fig. 69). Pronotum diamond-shaped. Supra-coxal dilation distinctly marked, lateral edges of metazone constricted after dilation (Fig. 70). Females brachypterous......................................  Memantis</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6229EC42FFC45126FF41FE76FA5DF98F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kamila, A. P.;Sureshan, P. M.	Kamila, A. P., Sureshan, P. M. (2025): An illustrated key to the praying mantids (Insecta: Mantodea) of India up to generic level. Zootaxa 5566 (3): 446-480, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5566.3.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5566.3.2
6229EC42FFC45126FF41F9F1FA5CF8DF.text	6229EC42FFC45126FF41F9F1FA5CF8DF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haaniidae Giglio-Tos 1915	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  HAANIIDAE Giglio-Tos, 1915</p>
            <p>Two subfamilies, each with a genus, are present in this family. Both are reported from India.</p>
            <p> 1. Body green colour. Fore tibia with 6 posteroventral spines. Hind wings with bright colouration (Fig. 71) (  Caliridinae )...  Caliris</p>
            <p> - Body dirty brown colour. Fore tibia with 7 posteroventral spines. Hind wings smoky, without bright colouration (  Haaniinae )...............................................................................................  Arria</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6229EC42FFC45126FF41F9F1FA5CF8DF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kamila, A. P.;Sureshan, P. M.	Kamila, A. P., Sureshan, P. M. (2025): An illustrated key to the praying mantids (Insecta: Mantodea) of India up to generic level. Zootaxa 5566 (3): 446-480, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5566.3.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5566.3.2
6229EC42FFDF513DFF41FF0BFA5CFD92.text	6229EC42FFDF513DFF41FF0BFA5CFD92.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Empusidae Burmeister 1838	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  EMPUSIDAE Burmeister, 1838</p>
            <p>Both subfamilies in this family with three genera are reported from India.</p>
            <p> 1. Pronotum short. Lateral pronotal expansion along entire margin except posterior end of metazone (Figs. 79). Forecoxal lobes convergent (  Blepharodinae )..................................................................  Blepharopsis</p>
            <p> - Pronotum elongated. Lateral pronotal expansion reduced to supra-coxal area (Figs. 73, 76). Forecoxal lobes divergent (Fig. 75, 77) (  Empusinae )..................................................................................... 2 </p>
            <p> 2. Supra-coxal dilation rhomboidal (Fig. 73). Superior edge of fore femora distinctly dilated (Fig. 75). Costal area of fore wing dilated at base (Fig. 73).........................................................................  Gongylus</p>
            <p> - Supra- coxal dilation oval (Fig. 76). Superior edge of fore femora almost straight, not dilated (Fig. 77). Costal area of fore wing straight (Fig. 76)................................................................................  Empusa</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6229EC42FFDF513DFF41FF0BFA5CFD92	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kamila, A. P.;Sureshan, P. M.	Kamila, A. P., Sureshan, P. M. (2025): An illustrated key to the praying mantids (Insecta: Mantodea) of India up to generic level. Zootaxa 5566 (3): 446-480, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5566.3.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5566.3.2
6229EC42FFDF513DFF41FDC5FA5DF87C.text	6229EC42FFDF513DFF41FDC5FA5DF87C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hymenopodidae Giglio-Tos 1915	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  HYMENOPODIDAE Giglio-Tos, 1915</p>
            <p>Sixteen genera in seven tribes and 4 subfamilies are reported from India in this family.</p>
            <p> 1. Eyes more or less extending beyond the circumference of head (Fig. 94). Hind wings often with bright colouration in live (Figs. 87, 92, 93) (  Hymenopodinae )........................................................................... 2 </p>
            <p>- Eyes within the circumference of head (Figs. 99, 104, 106). Hind wings without bright colouration in live (Figs. 105, 111, 116)................................................................................................ 7</p>
            <p> 2. Vertex without any process (Fig. 88). Mid and hind femora with reduced lobes or lobeless (Fig. 89). Eye-spot marking on fore wings absent (Figs. 86, 87, 90, 92) (  Anaxarchini )........................................................... 3 </p>
            <p> - Vertex with process (Fig. 94). Mid and hind femora with distinct lobes (Figs. 95, 97). Eye-spot marking on fore wings present (Figs. 93, 96) (  Hymenopodini ).......................................................................... 6 </p>
            <p> 3. Mid and hind femora with small sub-apical lobes (Fig. 86)............................................  Heliomantis</p>
            <p>- Mid and hind femora without sub-apical lobes (Fig. 89)....................................................... 4</p>
            <p> 4. Pronotum long, slender, longer than fore coxa (Fig. 87)...............................................  Anaxarcha</p>
            <p>- Pronotum short, robust, as long as or shorter than fore coxa (Figs. 90, 92)......................................... 5</p>
            <p> 5. Metazone distinctly constricted (Fig. 90). Foreleg metallic black in colour (Fig. 91)...........................  Nemotha</p>
            <p> - Metazone with almost parallel margin (Fig. 92). Foreleg not in metallic black (Fig. 92)...................  Odontomantis</p>
            <p> 6. Mid and hind femora with ventral lobe at distal part only (Fig. 95)......................................  Creobroter</p>
            <p> - Mid and hind femora with ventral lobe at entire length (Fig. 97).......................................  Hymenopus</p>
            <p> 7. Mid and hind femora with a large lobe at the base, almost merging with sub-apical lobe (Figs. 82, 85). Area around the spines on fore coxa suffused by black (Figs. 81, 84) (  Phyllothelyinae )................................................ 8 </p>
            <p>- Mid and hind femora with (Figs. 108, 113, 116) or without (Figs. 98, 103, 105) small lobe. If it is present, then not merged with sub-apical lobe. Area around the spines on fore coxa without black suffusion (Fig. 110).............................. 9</p>
            <p> 8. Pronotum not elongated, with lateral pronotal expansion, metazone 1.5 times as long as prozone (Fig. 81). Upper edge of fore tibiae dilated (Fig. 81) (  Parablepharini )........................................................  Parablepharis</p>
            <p> - Pronotum elongated, without lateral pronotal expansion, metazona at least 3 times as long as prozone (Fig. 83). Upper edge of fore tibiae almost straight, not dilated (Fig. 84) (  Phyllothelyini ).......................................  Phyllothelys</p>
            <p> 9. Dorsal edge of fore femora more or less dilated like a leaf (Figs. 98, 102, 103, 105, 107, 110). Pronotum short. Metazone almost as long as prozone (Figs. 101, 105, 109) (  Oxypilinae )....................................................... 10 </p>
            <p> - Dorsal edge of fore femora not dilated like a leaf (Figs. 111, 115, 116). Pronotum elongated. Metazone at least 1.5 times as long as prozone (Figs. 112, 115, 116) (  Acromantinae )........................................................... 14 </p>
            <p> 10. Disc of pronotum with conical tubercles (Fig. 109). Margins between posteroventral spines of fore femora without denticles (Fig. 110) (  Oxypilini )........................................................................  Ceratomantis</p>
            <p> - Disc of pronotum without any tubercles. Margins between posteroventral spines of fore femora with small denticles (Fig. 107) (  Hestiasulini )....................................................................................... 11 </p>
            <p>11. Vertex with process (Figs. 104, 106). Styli present in males................................................... 12</p>
            <p> - Vertex without any process (Fig. 99). Styli absent in males (Fig. 100)....................................  Astyliasula</p>
            <p> 12. Wings iridescent in both sexes (Fig. 101). Margins between posteroventral spines of fore femora slightly serrated....................................................................................................  Catestiasula</p>
            <p>- Wings not iridescent (Fig. 105). Margins between posteroventral spines of fore femora highly serrated................. 13</p>
            <p> 13. Disc of lower frons with indistinct carinae and central area between them not depressed (Fig. 104).............  Hestiasula</p>
            <p> - Disc of lower frons with well-developed carinae and central area between them highly depressed forming a notch (Fig. 106)..........................................................................................  Ephestiasula</p>
            <p> 14. Disc of pronotum with prominent granules (Fig. 112). Fore coxa slightly widened distally (Fig. 112).............  Ambivia</p>
            <p>- Disc of pronotum smooth, sometimes with granules. Fore coxa simple (Fig. 116).................................. 15</p>
            <p> 15. Eyes conical, sometimes with tubercle (Fig. 115).................................................  Metacromantis</p>
            <p> - Eyes round, without tubercle (Fig. 117)............................................................  Acromantis</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6229EC42FFDF513DFF41FDC5FA5DF87C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kamila, A. P.;Sureshan, P. M.	Kamila, A. P., Sureshan, P. M. (2025): An illustrated key to the praying mantids (Insecta: Mantodea) of India up to generic level. Zootaxa 5566 (3): 446-480, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5566.3.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5566.3.2
6229EC42FFDC513EFF41F999FD68F919.text	6229EC42FFDC513EFF41F999FD68F919.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amorphoscelidae Stal 1877	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  AMORPHOSCELIDAE Stål, 1877</p>
            <p> Two subfamilies are present in this family. Subfamily  Amorphoscelinae with only one genus is reported from India —Genus  Amorphoscelis (Figs. 135–138). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6229EC42FFDC513EFF41F999FD68F919	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kamila, A. P.;Sureshan, P. M.	Kamila, A. P., Sureshan, P. M. (2025): An illustrated key to the praying mantids (Insecta: Mantodea) of India up to generic level. Zootaxa 5566 (3): 446-480, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5566.3.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5566.3.2
6229EC42FFDC513EFF41FF42FA5CFD8F.text	6229EC42FFDC513EFF41FF42FA5CFD8F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Deroplatyidae Westwood 1889	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  DEROPLATYIDAE Westwood, 1889</p>
            <p> Two subfamilies are currently present in this family. Only one, subfamily  Deroplatyinae , with three genera is reported from India. </p>
            <p> 1. A pale sub-apical band present on hind wings (Fig. 118). Females not brachypterous (  Deroplatyini )................... 2 </p>
            <p> - Sub-apical band absent on hind wings (Fig. 121). Females brachypterous (Fig. 120) (  Euchomenellini )........  Indomenella</p>
            <p> 2. Body leaf- like. Pronotum with lateral expansion. Hind wings without eye-like patch (Fig. 118)...............  Deroplatys</p>
            <p> - Body stick-like. Pronotum long and slender, without lateral expansions. Hind wings with eye-like patch in distal part of discoidal area (Fig. 119)..............................................................................  Pseudempusa</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6229EC42FFDC513EFF41FF42FA5CFD8F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kamila, A. P.;Sureshan, P. M.	Kamila, A. P., Sureshan, P. M. (2025): An illustrated key to the praying mantids (Insecta: Mantodea) of India up to generic level. Zootaxa 5566 (3): 446-480, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5566.3.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5566.3.2
6229EC42FFDC513EFF41F941FE91F8F6.text	6229EC42FFDC513EFF41F941FE91F8F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptomantellidae Schwarz & Roy 2019	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  LEPTOMANTELLIDAE Schwarz &amp; Roy, 2019</p>
            <p> Four genera are currently present in this family. Only one genus is reported from India —Genus  Leptomantella (Figs. 139–141). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6229EC42FFDC513EFF41F941FE91F8F6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kamila, A. P.;Sureshan, P. M.	Kamila, A. P., Sureshan, P. M. (2025): An illustrated key to the praying mantids (Insecta: Mantodea) of India up to generic level. Zootaxa 5566 (3): 446-480, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5566.3.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5566.3.2
6229EC42FFDC513EFF41FDF1FA5CFA27.text	6229EC42FFDC513EFF41FDF1FA5CFA27.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mantidae Latreille 1802	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  MANTIDAE Latreille, 1802</p>
            <p>Four subfamilies with 9 genera are currently recorded from India.</p>
            <p> 1. Lateral pronotal expansion highly dilated. pronotum anteriorly boat-shaped, enfolds the posterior part of head (Fig. 123) (  Choeradodinae )..............................................................................  Asiadodis</p>
            <p>- Lateral pronotal expansion a little dilated. Pronotum anteriorly rounded, does not enfolds the head (Fig. 125)............ 2</p>
            <p> 2. Mid and hind femora without genicular spine. Fore coxa often ventrally with an oval black basal patch, sometimes with a white patch inside it (Figs. 128, 130) (  Mantinae )................................................................. 3 </p>
            <p>- Mid and hind femora with genicular spine. If not, then eyes a little conical. Fore coxa ventrally without black patch....... 4</p>
            <p> 3. Fore coxae ventrally with numerous prominent white granules. Fore femora ventrally without black patch, but with a yellow patch near tibial spur groove (Fig. 128)...............................................................  Mantis</p>
            <p> - Fore coxae ventrally without pale white granules. Fore femora ventrally with a black patch near tibial spur groove, often with a yellow patch merged to it (Fig. 130)................................................................  Statilia</p>
            <p> 4. Pronotum often with lateral pronotal expansion (Figs. 125, 126). Hind wings mostly without any pattern (Figs. 124, 126) (  Hierodulinae )....................................................................................... 5 </p>
            <p> - Pronotum without lateral pronotal expansion (Figs. 131, 132, 133). Hind wings with blackish transverse patterns (Figs. 132, 133). If not, then eyes a little conical and mid and hind femora without genicular spine (  Tenoderinae ).................. 7 </p>
            <p> 5. Lateral pronotal expansion restricted to supra-coxal area (Fig. 124).......................................  Hierodula</p>
            <p>- Lateral pronotal expansion extending up to base (Figs. 125, 126)................................................ 6</p>
            <p> 6. Pronotum rhomboidal shape. Metazone about 1.5 times as long as prozone (Fig. 125)....................  Rhombomantis</p>
            <p> - Pronotum oval shape. Metazone more than twice as long as prozone (Fig. 126)..........................  Rhombodera</p>
            <p> 7. Eyes conical. Lower frons about 4 times as wide as high. Hind wings without any pattern (Fig. 131). Mid and hind femora without genicular spines........................................................................  Mesopteryx</p>
            <p>- Eyes round. Lower frons not that much wide as high (Fig. 134). Hind wings with pattern (Figs. 132, 133). Mid and hind femora with genicular spines.................................................................................. 8</p>
            <p> 8. Anterior part of hind wings with a black wide transverse patch and hyaline oval patches in it (Fig. 132).........  Tenospilota</p>
            <p> - Anterior part of hind wings with more or less chess board- like pattern (Fig. 133)...........................  Tenodera</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6229EC42FFDC513EFF41FDF1FA5CFA27	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kamila, A. P.;Sureshan, P. M.	Kamila, A. P., Sureshan, P. M. (2025): An illustrated key to the praying mantids (Insecta: Mantodea) of India up to generic level. Zootaxa 5566 (3): 446-480, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5566.3.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5566.3.2
6229EC42FFD15133FF41FF0BFA5CFD93.text	6229EC42FFD15133FF41FF0BFA5CFD93.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nanomantidae Brunner De Wattenwyl 1893	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  NANOMANTIDAE Brunner De Wattenwyl, 1893</p>
            <p>Two of four subfamilies are reported from India including four genera.</p>
            <p> 1. Pronotum short, a little flat (Fig. 148). Costal area of fore wings with polygonal cells (Fig. 150) (  Tropidomantinae )...................................................................................................  Eomantis</p>
            <p> - Pronotum long, slender (Fig. 144). Costal area of fore wings with parallel or irregular veinules (Fig. 146) (  Nanomantinae ).. ................................................................................................... 2 </p>
            <p> 2. Fore tibia with 8 posteroventral spines............................................................  Ormomantis</p>
            <p>- Fore tibia with 6-7 posteroventral spines................................................................... 3</p>
            <p> 3. Metazone longer than fore coxa (Fig. 142)........................................................  Nanomantis</p>
            <p> - Metazone almost as long as fore coxa (Fig. 143)................................................  Parananomantis</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6229EC42FFD15133FF41FF0BFA5CFD93	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kamila, A. P.;Sureshan, P. M.	Kamila, A. P., Sureshan, P. M. (2025): An illustrated key to the praying mantids (Insecta: Mantodea) of India up to generic level. Zootaxa 5566 (3): 446-480, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5566.3.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5566.3.2
