identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
97C857BC7D5C58949DD6BEBFC1B7F537.text	97C857BC7D5C58949DD6BEBFC1B7F537.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceratina (Ceratina) sirikitae Sless, Tucker & Rehan 2026	<div><p>Ceratina (Ceratina) sirikitae Sless, Tucker &amp; Rehan sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 6</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: Thailand • 1 ♀; “ Chiang Mai Prov., Alt Queen Sirkit [sic] <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.86175&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.88075" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.86175/lat 18.88075)">Botanic Gardens</a> ”; 18°52'50.7"N, 98°51'42.3"E; 28 Mar. – 3 Apr. 2009; [malaise trap]; Kaewjanta &amp; Sawkord leg.; QSBG-2009-64 M; RCYU “ rsTha 03 ” . Paratypes: Thailand • 2 ♀; “ Chiang Mai Prov., Alt Queen Sirkit [sic] <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.86097&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.882639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.86097/lat 18.882639)">Botanic Gardens</a> ”; 18°52'57.5"N, 98°51'39.5"E; 841 m; 20–27 Mar. 2009; [malaise trap]; Kaewjanta &amp; Sawkord leg.; QSGB-2009-50 O, QSGB-2009-50 D; RCYU “ rs 2 Tha 01 ”, “ rs 2 Tha 02 ” • 1 ♀; “ Trang, Nayong, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.78948&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.5506334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.78948/lat 7.5506334)">Khaochong</a> ”; 7°33.038'N, 99°47.369'E; 75 m; 10-24 Feb. 2005; RCYU “ rs 2 Th 05 ” .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Distinguished from other members of Ceratina s. s. (as well as Neoceratina) by its red abdomen, foretibia with more extensive maculation, and 2 nd submarginal cell nearly closed anteriorly with rs vein absent or extremely narrow.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Female (Fig. 6). ♀ (holotype and paratypes): body length 5–5.5 mm; forewing 3.6 mm; head 1.4 mm wide × 1.4 mm long.</p><p>Color: Head and mesosoma shiny black (Fig. 6 A, B); mandibles ferruginous medially; labrum black; clypeus with longitudinal pale yellow maculation reaching upper margin (Fig. 6 D); paraocular area and gena without maculations; pronotal lobes with pale maculation in posterior 1 / 2; tegulae ferruginous and translucent (Fig. 6 C); fore tibia with basal pale spot as well as second, disconnected maculation along ~ 1 / 2 of its length (resembling an inverted exclamation mark); mid tibia with tiny, barely noticeable basal spot; hind tibia with maculation covering ~ 1 / 3 of its length; tarsi ferruginous; abdomen largely bright red except T 1 and S 1 dark brown basally, T 2 with two dark brown patches at lateral sides, T 4 with interrupted dark brown band, T 5 – T 6 dark brown; rims of terga somewhat translucent.</p><p>Head: Labrum and clypeus sparsely punctured (Fig. 6 D); supraclypeus mostly smooth with few punctures along lateral edges, changing to abruptly punctured between antennal sockets; upper frons with two rows of punctures extending above antennal sockets and running between lateral and median ocelli; inner margin of compound eye with a sparse line of fine punctures; dense punctures posterior to ocelli and along preoccipital margin, extending laterally into upper genal area which is moderately punctured; vestiture sparse, absent from most of face; rear margin of vertex and genae with a fringe of medium-length erect white hairs; some similar hairs present between antennal bases, around ocelli, and on mandibles and labrum; a few much shorter hairs on clypeus, along inner eye margins, and on scape.</p><p>Mesosoma: Scutum moderately punctate in anterior third (1–3 diameters apart), becoming largely impunctate medially except for dense punctures along lateral margins and in posterior sixth of segment (Fig. 6 C); scutellum densely punctured throughout (~ 1 diameter); metanotum densely but shallowly punctured; propodeum with dorsal area imbricate to shagreened; propleuron densely punctured; mesopleuron moderately punctured, with spaces of 1–3 puncture widths, hypoepimeral area mostly impunctate (Fig. 6 E); metapleuron densely punctured with minute pits femora weakly expanded medially and slightly flattened below; tibiae slightly narrower than femora, with curved apical spine on fore and mid tibiae, basitibial plate indistinct vestiture sparse dorsally; scutum hairless except around edges; scutellum and metanotum with white hairs over much of surface; propleuron with evenly spaced semi-erect medium-length hairs; mesopleuron with long but sparse white hairs, becoming denser on ventral surface; lateral faces of propodeum with very short but moderately dense white hairs; fore and mid legs with a few long white to light brown hairs on femur and tibia, scopal hairs on hind leg longer but not much denser; all three basitarsi with denser and slightly darker vestiture in comparison to more basal segments of legs.</p><p>Metasoma: Graduli present on T 2–5 and S 2–5 (Fig. 6 B); T 1 smooth; T 2 pregradular area weakly strigulate and impunctate, postgradular area moderately punctured (1–3 diameters apart); T 3 pregradular area smooth, postgradular area densely punctured (~ 1 diameter), though impunctate just before densely punctate apical depression; T 4–5 postgradular area densely punctured including most of apical depression; T 6 densely punctured; S 1 smooth; S 2–3 postgradular area sparsely punctate (2–5 diameters); S 4 – S 5 postgradular area more densely punctate (1–3 diameters); S 6 punctures dense (~ 1 diameter); vestiture sparse on terga, mostly consisting of short light hairs within apical depressions, though T 4 – T 6 with denser hairs; S 2 – S 5 with sparse rows of long, erect, white hairs apically, more uniformly distributed on S 6.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Named in reference to the type locality, Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden (Chiang Mai Province, Thailand).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Thailand. Specimens collected from tropical and subtropical moist / dry broadleaf forest biomes.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Male unknown. We have compared specimens of C. sirikitae with other Indomalayan / Eastern Palearctic members of Ceratina s. s. recovered as the sister group to Neoceratina in the phylogeny of Sless et al. (2024), namely C. belliata, C. iwatai, C. sauteri, and C. yamanei . As mentioned in the diagnosis, C. sirikitae is easily distinguished from these four species based on the abdominal coloration, though it also has a larger maculation covering roughly 1 / 2 of the fore tibia, compared to a tiny basal spot or entirely black tibia in the others. As discussed below, this group of species is not closely related to other members of Ceratina s. s., and in future should either be united with Neoceratina or designated as another new subgenus.</p><p>To our knowledge, the red abdomen of C. sirikitae is unique among members of both Ceratina s. s. and Neoceratina, though of course is present in some species of Scuticeratina as described above as well as a few species of Xanthoceratina, Calloceratina, and Ceratinula (Michener 2007). However, C. sirikitae can easily be distinguished from Scuticeratina and Xanthoceratina by the absence of paraocular maculations, and presence of punctures (though quite sparse) between antennal bases and ocelli. This species is unlikely to be confused with Calloceratina, which is Neotropical in distribution and typically brightly metallic.</p><p>Ceratina sirikitae is morphologically very similar to some Ceratinula despite their significant phylogenetic distance (Fig. 2, Suppl. material 2), including the apically narrowed 2 nd submarginal cell (though this feature is also present in various other small-bodied Ceratina; Michener 2007), and may run to this subgenus in the key. However, Ceratinula is a Neotropical subgenus sharing no range overlap with the Indomalayan C. sirikitae, and is included in the Eastern Hemisphere key only due to the presence of C. arizonensis in Hawaii where it has been introduced (Hirashima 1971; Michener 2007).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/97C857BC7D5C58949DD6BEBFC1B7F537	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sless, Trevor J. L.;Tucker, Erika M.;Rehan, Sandra M.	Sless, Trevor J. L., Tucker, Erika M., Rehan, Sandra M. (2026): Scuticeratina: A new subgenus of small carpenter bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Xylocopinae) from Indomalaya. ZooKeys 1269: 151-180, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1269.148092
840EFE8880B75809B596A178D1907DA5.text	840EFE8880B75809B596A178D1907DA5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceratina (Scuticeratina) ferruginea Sless, Tucker & Rehan 2026	<div><p>Ceratina (Scuticeratina) ferruginea Sless, Tucker &amp; Rehan sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 3 A, 3 C, 3 E – G, 4</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: Thailand • 1 ♀; “ Nan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.08152&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.208467" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.08152/lat 19.208467)">Doi Phu Kha National Park</a> ”; 19°12.508'N, 101°4.891'E; 1348 m; 15–22 Jan. 2008; [malaise trap]; Charoen &amp; Nikom leg.; T 3300 k; RCYU “ rs 1 Tha 01 ” . Paratypes: Laos • 2 ♂; “ Phongsaly prov., Phongsaly env. ”; 21°41–2'N, 102°06–8'E; ~ 1500 m; 6–17 May 2004, 28 May – 20 Jun. 2003; Vít Kubáň leg.; RCYU .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Distinguished from C. (Scuticeratina) phukhaensis by its red abdomen, strong maculations on the gena and fore tibia, and somewhat sparser punctation on the 2 nd tergite and sternite. Distinguished from C. (Scuticeratina) muscatella and C. (S.) splendida by the absence of pale maculations on the clypeus (females) and scutellum (both sexes).</p><p>Description.</p><p>♀ (holotype): body length 7 mm; forewing 5 mm; head 1.88 mm wide × 1.8 mm long. ♂ (paratypes): body length 6–6.5 mm; forewing 4.5–5 mm; head 1.6–1.7 mm wide × 1.5–1.6 mm long.</p><p>Female (Fig. 3 A, C, E – G). Color: Head and mesosoma shiny black (Fig. 3 A, C); mandibles ferruginous medially; clypeus and labrum entirely black; paraocular area with pale yellow maculation filling much of space below antennal sockets, this maculation narrowing and following eye margin up to level of antennal socket, separated from antennal socket by roughly its own width (Fig. 3 F); genal area with maculation ~ 3 / 4 as long as eye; pronotal collar with faint pale maculations laterally, as well as posterior 1 / 2 of pronotal lobe; tegulae ferruginous and translucent (Fig. 3 E); fore tibia with pale maculation covering ~ 3 / 4 of its length; mid tibia with tiny, barely noticeable basal spot; hind tibia with basal maculation covering &lt;1 / 4 of its length; tarsi ferruginous; abdomen largely bright red except T 1 and S 1 ferruginous brown, T 2 ferruginous basad of apical depression, T 6 and S 6 black; rims of terga somewhat translucent.</p><p>Head: Labrum with fairly dense punctation; clypeus with few very sparse punctures except for line of punctures on each side of upper lobe (Fig. 3 F); supraclypeus mostly smooth with few punctures along lateral edges, changing to abruptly punctured between antennal sockets; upper frons between antennal sockets and ocelli nearly impunctate, as well as spaces between lateral ocelli and eyes; inner margin of compound eye with a sparse line of very fine punctures; genal area with a few scattered fine punctures; vertex with strong preoccipital carina lined with punctures along margin, a second line of pits a few diameters anterior of carina; vestiture sparse, absent from most of face; rear margin of vertex and genae with a fringe of medium-length erect white hairs; some similar hairs present between antennal bases, between ocelli, and on mandibles and labrum; a few much shorter hairs on clypeus, along inner eye margins, and on scape.</p><p>Mesosoma: Scutum moderately punctate in anterior third (1–3 diameters apart) but becoming largely impunctate medially, with just a few punctures along lateral and posterior margins (Fig. 3 E); scutellum moderately punctured along margins, becoming sparse centrally; metanotum densely but very shallowly punctured; propodeum with dorsal area imbricate to shagreened; propleuron densely punctured; mesopleuron moderately punctured with spaces of 1–3 puncture widths, hypoepimeral area impunctate (Fig. 3 G); metapleuron and lower sides of propodeum moderately to densely punctured; fore and mid femora weakly expanded medially and slightly flattened below; fore and mid tibiae slightly narrower than femora, with curved apical spine; hind femur not expanded, similar in width to hind tibia, basitibial plate indistinct; vestiture sparse dorsally; scutum and scutellum hairless except around edges; metanotum with some long white hairs laterally; propleuron with evenly spaced semi-erect medium-length hairs; mesopleuron with long but sparse white hairs, becoming denser on ventral surface; upper sides of propodeum around spiracle with dense patches of short white hairs; fore and mid legs with a few long white hairs on femur and tibia (slightly denser on the latter), scopal hairs on hind leg longer but not much denser; all three basitarsi with denser and more yellow-brown vestiture in comparison to more basal segments of legs.</p><p>Metasoma: Graduli present on T 2–5 and S 2–5 (Fig. 3 C); T 1 smooth with very sparse shallow punctures; T 2 pregradular area finely strigulate and impunctate, postgradular area smooth and sparsely punctured (2–5 diameters apart), narrow transverse line of pits in apical depressed area; T 3 pregradular area strigulate with narrow line of pits, postgradular area densely and finely punctured (0.5–1 diameters), though impunctate just before apical depression which contains an additional band of fine and dense punctures; T 4 pregradular area moderately punctate, postgradular area very densely punctured (&lt;1 diameter), pits continuing partway into apical depression which is less sharply defined than on T 2 and T 3; T 5 pregradular area strigulate to densely punctured, postgradular area densely punctured with minute pits continuing partway into apical depression; T 6 weakly rugoso-punctate with pits somewhat indistinct; S 1 smooth; S 2–3 punctures restricted to postgradular area (significantly sparser on S 2); S 4 – S 5 pregradular area with transverse band of pits in addition to dense postgradular punctation; S 6 punctures dense but indistinct; vestiture sparse on terga, mostly consisting of short light hairs along graduli, though T 5 and T 6 with denser mix of light and dark hairs; S 2 – S 5 with sparse rows of long, erect, white hairs apically, more uniformly distributed on S 6; S 2 additionally with moderately dense patch of appressed white hairs immediately posterior to gradulus (wax plate), possibly also present on S 3 though less distinct.</p><p>Male (Fig. 4). Coloration similar to female except as follows: clypeus largely pale except around edges; labrum and mandible bases entirely covered by pale maculation narrowly outlined with black; paraocular markings shorter, only reaching level of upper clypeal margin rather than antennal bases (Fig. 4 C); genal maculations thinner and closer to hind margin of eye than in female; pronotal collar with smaller and fainter maculations; fore tibia with pale marking longer, nearly extending the entire length of the segment; mid and hind tibiae also with slightly more extensive markings than in female, though still small; metasoma largely bright red as in female, though coloration may vary slightly among individuals; punctation and vestiture similar to female across whole body except for absence of hair patches around propodeal spiracles; apex of T 7 pointed and obscurely bidentate (Fig. 4 E); S 6 apically produced into two rounded lobes partially obscuring two small medial teeth (Fig. 4 F); genitalia without dense bundles of hair, though some sparse hairs present; tip of gonostylus bifid with curved spine opposing blunt thumb-like projection (Fig. 4 G).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Named in reference to the conspicuously red abdomen. From the Latin ferrūgineus (with feminine inflection) meaning ‘ dark red’.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Thailand, Laos. Specimens collected from tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forest biome.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/840EFE8880B75809B596A178D1907DA5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sless, Trevor J. L.;Tucker, Erika M.;Rehan, Sandra M.	Sless, Trevor J. L., Tucker, Erika M., Rehan, Sandra M. (2026): Scuticeratina: A new subgenus of small carpenter bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Xylocopinae) from Indomalaya. ZooKeys 1269: 151-180, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1269.148092
F61E486708BC5632B1673E5FFD2F9AD8.text	F61E486708BC5632B1673E5FFD2F9AD8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceratina (Scuticeratina) muscatella Nurse 1902	<div><p>Ceratina (Scuticeratina) muscatella Nurse, 1902 stat. rev.</p><p>Fig. 5 A, B</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>India • 2 ♀; “ Uttar Pradesh, Bhatta 4 km S Mussoorie ”; 1800–2000 m; L. Packer leg.; 6 May 1990; RCYU .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Distinguished from C. (Scuticeratina) splendida by its lighter reddish-brown abdomen and narrower hind femur (equal in width to hind tibia). Distinguished from C. (Scuticeratina) ferruginea and phukhaensis by the presence of pale maculations on the clypeus (females) and scutellum (both sexes?).</p><p>Redescription.</p><p>Female (Fig. 5 A, B). ♀: body length 6.5 mm; forewing 5 mm.</p><p>Color: Head and mesosoma shiny black; mandibles and labrum black; clypeus with rectangular yellow maculation; paraocular area with darker yellow-brown maculation extending slightly past antennal sockets, filling&gt; 1 / 2 of space between antennal socket and eye; genal area with yellow-brown maculation fully as long as eye; pronotal collar with pale yellow maculations laterally, as well as most of pronotal lobe; tegulae ferruginous and translucent; scutellum with pale yellow maculation, very narrowly interrupted in apical 1 / 2 (entirely bisected in one specimen); legs dark brown to ferruginous; fore tibia with indistinct light brown maculation covering ~ 3 / 4 of its length; mid tibia with small basal spot; hind tibia with basal maculation covering &lt;1 / 4 of its length; T 1, T 2, and T 5 ferruginous brown, T 3 and T 4 lighter red, T 6 black; sterna similar though S 4 somewhat darker brown; rims of terga somewhat translucent.</p><p>Head: Labrum with fairly dense punctation; clypeus with few very sparse punctures except for line of punctures on each side of upper lobe; supraclypeus mostly smooth with few punctures along lateral edges, changing to abruptly punctured between antennal sockets; upper frons between antennal sockets and ocelli nearly impunctate, as well as spaces between lateral ocelli and eyes; inner margin of compound eye with a sparse line of very fine punctures; genal area with a few scattered fine punctures; vertex with strong preoccipital carina lined with punctures along margin; vestiture sparse, absent from most of face; rear margin of vertex and genae with a fringe of medium-length erect white hairs; some similar hairs present between antennal bases, between ocelli, and on mandibles and labrum; a few much shorter hairs on clypeus, along inner eye margins, and on scape.</p><p>Mesosoma: Scutum moderately punctate in anterior third (1–3 diameters apart) but becoming largely impunctate medially, with just a few punctures along lateral and posterior margins; scutellum moderately punctured along margins, becoming sparse centrally; metanotum densely but very shallowly punctured; propodeum with dorsal area imbricate to shagreened; propleuron densely punctured; mesopleuron moderately punctured with spaces of 2–3 puncture widths, hypoepimeral area impunctate; metapleuron and lower sides of propodeum moderately to densely punctured; fore and mid femora weakly expanded medially and slightly flattened below; fore and mid tibiae slightly narrower than femora, with curved apical spine; hind femur not expanded, of equal width to hind tibia, basitibial plate indistinct; vestiture sparse dorsally; scutum and scutellum hairless except around edges; metanotum with some long white hairs laterally; propleuron with evenly spaced semi-erect medium-length hairs; mesopleuron with long but sparse white hairs, becoming denser on ventral surface; lateral faces of propodeum with moderately dense medium-length white hairs; fore and mid legs with a few long white hairs on femur and tibia (slightly denser on the latter), scopal hairs on hind leg longer but not much denser; all three basitarsi with denser and more yellow-brown vestiture in comparison to more basal segments of legs.</p><p>Metasoma: Graduli present on T 2–5 and S 2–5; T 1 smooth with very sparse shallow punctures; T 2 pregradular area finely strigulate and impunctate, postgradular area smooth and sparsely punctured (2–5 diameters apart), narrow transverse line of pits in apical depressed area; T 3 pregradular area strigulate and nearly impunctate, postgradular area with moderately dense punctures (1–3 diameters), though impunctate just before apical depression which contains an additional band of fine and dense punctures; T 4 postgradular area moderately punctured, pits continuing partway into apical depression which is less sharply defined than on T 2 and T 3; T 5 postgradular area densely punctured (0.5–1 diameters) with pits continuing partway into apical depression; T 6 weakly rugoso-punctate with pits somewhat indistinct; S 1 smooth; S 2 – S 3 with moderately dense punctures restricted to postgradular area (1–3 diameters); S 4 – S 5 pregradular area strigulate and with a few scattered punctures, postgradular punctation dense (~ 1 diameter); S 6 strigulate basally, weakly sculptured with indistinct punctures over most of segment (in direct comparison, slightly shinier than in C. splendida); vestiture sparse on terga, mostly consisting of short light hairs along graduli, although T 5 and T 6 with denser mix of light and dark hairs; S 2 – S 5 with sparse rows of long, erect, white hairs apically, more uniformly distributed on S 6; S 2 and S 3 additionally with conspicuous, dense patches of appressed white hairs immediately posterior to graduli (wax plates).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Ceratina muscatella was originally described from North India by Nurse (1902), who did not assign the species to any subgenus. He described the abdomen as “ more or less red ”, which may imply some degree of color variation, though the two specimens we examined were similar. Hirashima (1971) examined some specimens from Nurse’s collection including a female C. muscatella and a male C. loquata (also described by Nurse in the same publication), and suggested they may be synonymous. Nurse’s description suggests that males were collected, but does not provide any male characters, so it is unclear whether males of this species are known.</p><p>Hirashima noted some similarities between C. muscatella and C. (Catoceratina) perforatrix Smith, 1879, including the largely impunctate head, preoccipital carina, and pale paraocular maculations. However, he also identified significant differences between these species, including the lack of yellow maculations on the labrum and abdomen in C. muscatella, as well as the presence of graduli on S 2–5 (rather than S 2–4 as in C. perforatrix), and he ultimately chose to leave the subgeneric status of this species as uncertain.</p><p>Besides those listed by Hirashima (1971), additional characters separating C. muscatella from Catoceratina include the absence of pale maculations on the labrum, frons, and vertex (present in at least some female C. perforatrix), presence of maculations on the pronotal lobe and bases of the tibiae (entirely black in C. perforatrix, though a stripe is present on the fore femur), translucent ferruginous tegulae (black in C. perforatrix), sparser punctation on clypeus and paraocular area, wide impunctate areas on rims of terga (pits reaching apical edge in C. perforatrix), indistinct basitibial plate (well-defined in C. perforatrix), and absence of ventral scopae (present in C. perforatrix). Based on the significant differences between C. muscatella and Catoceratina and the genetic and morphological similarities with the species of Scuticeratina newly described herein, we include C. muscatella in the new subgenus as well.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F61E486708BC5632B1673E5FFD2F9AD8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sless, Trevor J. L.;Tucker, Erika M.;Rehan, Sandra M.	Sless, Trevor J. L., Tucker, Erika M., Rehan, Sandra M. (2026): Scuticeratina: A new subgenus of small carpenter bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Xylocopinae) from Indomalaya. ZooKeys 1269: 151-180, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1269.148092
7B8E93472FCB5420A02EBA233E36581C.text	7B8E93472FCB5420A02EBA233E36581C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceratina (Scuticeratina) phukhaensis Sless, Tucker & Rehan 2026	<div><p>Ceratina (Scuticeratina) phukhaensis Sless, Tucker &amp; Rehan sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 3 B, D, H – J</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: Thailand • 1 ♀; “ Nan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.08123&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.20415" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.08123/lat 19.20415)">Doi Phu Kha National Park</a> ”; 19°12.249'N, 101°4.874'E; 1338 m; 1–8 Jan. 2008; [malaise trap]; Charoen &amp; Nikom leg.; T 3302 A; RCYU “ S 05 Tha 01 ” .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Distinguished from C. (Scuticeratina) ferruginea by its entirely black abdomen, reduced or absent maculations on the gena, pronotal collar, and fore tibia, and somewhat denser punctation on the 2 nd tergite and sternite. Distinguished from C. (Scuticeratina) muscatella and splendida by the absence of pale maculations on the clypeus (females) and scutellum (both sexes).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Female (Fig. 3 B, D, H – J). ♀ (holotype): body length 6.5 mm; forewing 4.5 mm; head 1.7 mm wide × 1.63 mm long.</p><p>Color: Entire body shiny black (Fig. 3 B, D); mandibles, clypeus, and labrum black; paraocular area with pale yellow maculation filling much of space below antennal sockets, this maculation narrowing and following eye margin up to level of antennal socket, separated from antennal socket by slightly more than its own width (Fig. 3 I); genal area with small maculation much shorter than eye (1–2 ocellar diameters in length); pronotal collar black, though pronotal lobe with small maculation along posterior edge; tegulae dark brown / testaceous and translucent (Fig. 3 H); fore tibia with tiny pale maculation basally, barely detectable on mid and hind tibiae; tarsi dark brown; rims of terga dark brown and slightly translucent.</p><p>Head: Labrum with fairly dense punctation; clypeus with few very sparse punctures except for line of punctures on each side of upper lobe (Fig. 3 I); supraclypeus mostly smooth with few punctures along lateral edges, changing to abruptly punctured between antennal sockets; upper frons between antennal sockets and ocelli nearly impunctate, as well as spaces between lateral ocelli and eyes; inner margin of compound eye with a sparse line of very fine punctures; genal area with sparse scattered punctures; vertex with strong preoccipital carina lined with punctures along margin, a few sparse punctures between lateral ocelli and carina; vestiture sparse, absent from most of face; rear margin of vertex and genae with a fringe of medium-length erect white hairs; similar hairs present between antennal bases, between ocelli, and on mandibles and labrum; a few much shorter hairs on clypeus, along inner eye margins, and on scape.</p><p>Mesosoma: Scutum moderately punctate in anterior third (1–3 diameters apart) but becoming largely impunctate medially, with just a few punctures posterior of tegulae along lateral and posterior margins (Fig. 3 H); scutellum moderately punctured along margins, becoming sparse centrally; metanotum densely but very shallowly punctured; propodeum with dorsal area imbricate to shagreened; propleuron densely punctured; mesopleuron moderately punctured with spaces of 1–3 pit diameters, hypoepimeral area impunctate (Fig. 3 J); metapleuron and lower sides of propodeum moderately to densely punctured; fore and mid femora weakly expanded medially and slightly flattened below; fore and mid tibiae slightly narrower than femora, with curved apical spine; hind femur not expanded, of equal width to hind tibia, basitibial plate indistinct; vestiture sparse dorsally; scutum and scutellum hairless except around edges; metanotum with some long white hairs laterally; propleuron with evenly spaced semi-erect medium-length hairs; mesopleuron with long but sparse white hairs, becoming denser on ventral surface; upper sides of propodeum around spiracle with dense patches of short white hairs; fore and mid legs with a few long white hairs on femur and tibia (slightly denser on the latter), scopal hairs on hind leg longer but not much denser; all three basitarsi with denser and more yellow-brown vestiture in comparison to more basal segments of legs.</p><p>Metasoma: Graduli present on T 2–5 and S 2–5 (Fig. 3 D). T 1 smooth with very sparse shallow punctures; T 2 pregradular area finely strigulate with few punctures, postgradular area with basal band of dense punctures (~ 1 diameter apart), narrow transverse line of pits in apical depressed area; T 3 pregradular area weakly strigulate with narrow line of punctures, postgradular area densely punctured (0.5–1 diameters), though separated by a smooth region from densely punctured apical depressed area; T 4 pregradular area strigulate and punctured apically, postgradular area very densely punctured, pits continuing partway into apical depression which is less sharply defined than on T 2 and T 3; T 5 pregradular area faintly strigulate and densely punctured, postgradular area densely punctured with minute pits continuing partway into apical depression; T 6 weakly rugoso-punctate with pits somewhat indistinct; S 1 smooth; S 2–5 punctures moderate to dense in pregradular areas, dense in postgradular areas; S 6 punctures dense but indistinct; vestiture sparse on terga, mostly consisting of short light hairs along graduli, though T 5 and T 6 with denser mix of light and dark hairs; S 2–5 with sparse rows of long, erect, white hairs apically, more uniformly distributed on S 6; S 2 and S 3 additionally with conspicuous, dense patches of appressed white hairs immediately posterior to graduli (wax plates).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Named in reference to the type locality, Doi Phu Kha National Park (Nan Province, Thailand).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Thailand. Specimens collected from tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forest biome.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Male unknown.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B8E93472FCB5420A02EBA233E36581C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sless, Trevor J. L.;Tucker, Erika M.;Rehan, Sandra M.	Sless, Trevor J. L., Tucker, Erika M., Rehan, Sandra M. (2026): Scuticeratina: A new subgenus of small carpenter bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Xylocopinae) from Indomalaya. ZooKeys 1269: 151-180, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1269.148092
0965AFB9925C5B7E936B63FF43EF1F63.text	0965AFB9925C5B7E936B63FF43EF1F63.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceratina (Scuticeratina) Sless, Tucker & Rehan 2026	<div><p>Ceratina (Scuticeratina) Sless, Tucker &amp; Rehan subgen. nov.</p><p>Figs 3, 4, 5</p><p>Type species.</p><p>C. (Scuticeratina) ferruginea sp. nov. by original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The following combination of characters distinguish this subgenus: strong preoccipital carina present; very limited punctation present on the face, especially above antennae; ventral scopa absent; paraocular area with pale maculations in both sexes; abdominal terga lacking yellow maculations (though extensively ferruginous); graduli present on T 2 – T 5 and S 2 – S 5; basitibial plate indistinct. Male T 7 pointed and bidentate; S 6 with flat apical lobes obscuring small pair of teeth; genitalia without bundles of hair, with tip of gonostylus bifid.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Body length 6–7 mm; forewing 4.5–5 mm; head 1.6–1.88 mm wide × 1.5–1.8 mm long.</p><p>Color: All shiny, black varying to mostly black with a red abdomen; pale maculations present on paraocular area, gena, and tibiae (sometimes on clypeus, pronotum, and scutellum), but absent from scutum and metasoma.</p><p>Head: Frons above antennae sparsely punctate; preoccipital carina present.</p><p>Mesosoma: Scutum largely impunctate; scutellum moderately pitted; metanotum densely pitted; propodeum imbricate to shagreened; propleuron densely pitted; mesopleuron moderately pitted, hypoepimeral area impunctate; metapleuron densely pitted; basitibial plate indistinct.</p><p>Metasoma: T 2 – T 5 and S 2 – S 5 with graduli; specialized abdominal setae and ventral scopa absent.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Thailand, Laos, India, Pakistan, Nepal.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Meaning “shield Ceratina ”, in reference to the strong preoccipital carina exhibited by members of the subgenus. Taken from the Latin scutum meaning ‘shield’.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This subgenus is morphologically similar to Catoceratina, Lioceratina, Xanthoceratina Ceratinidia, and some members of Ceratina sensu stricto . It can however be readily distinguished from these subgenera by a number of morphological characteristics. There is a strong preoccipital carina present, which is absent in Lioceratina, Xanthoceratina, and Ceratina s. s. The ventral scopa, which is present in Catoceratina, is absent in Scuticeratina . The strongly defined basitibial plate in Catoceratina and Xanthoceratina is also absent in Scuticeratina . Additionally, yellow maculations are limited to the head, pronotal lobes, scutellum and legs as opposed to the more extensive maculations present on the scutum and / or terga of most Catoceratina, Lioceratina, Xanthoceratina, and Ceratinidia .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0965AFB9925C5B7E936B63FF43EF1F63	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sless, Trevor J. L.;Tucker, Erika M.;Rehan, Sandra M.	Sless, Trevor J. L., Tucker, Erika M., Rehan, Sandra M. (2026): Scuticeratina: A new subgenus of small carpenter bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Xylocopinae) from Indomalaya. ZooKeys 1269: 151-180, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1269.148092
9D60D9F97AB75EEDBB5C0EEAC9A7C547.text	9D60D9F97AB75EEDBB5C0EEAC9A7C547.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceratina (Scuticeratina) splendida Shiokawa 2008	<div><p>Ceratina (Scuticeratina) splendida Shiokawa, 2008 stat. rev.</p><p>Fig. 5 C, D</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Pakistan • 1 ♀; “ Azad Kashmir, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=73.467&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.642" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 73.467/lat 34.642)">Paras Shogran</a> ”; 34.642°N, 73.467°E; M. Kafka leg.; 25 May 2019; RCYU .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Distinguished from C. (Scuticeratina) muscatella by its entirely black abdomen and slightly enlarged hind femur (~ 1.25 × width of hind tibia). Distinguished from C. (Scuticeratina) ferruginea and phukhaensis by the presence of pale maculations on the clypeus (females) and scutellum (both sexes?).</p><p>Redescription.</p><p>Female (Fig. 5 C, D). ♀: body length 7.5 mm; forewing 5.5 mm.</p><p>Color: Head and mesosoma shiny black; mandibles and labrum black; clypeus with rectangular pale yellow maculation; paraocular area with pale maculation extending slightly past antennal sockets, filling&gt; 1 / 2 of space between antennal socket and eye; genal area with pale maculation fully as long as eye; pronotal collar with faint grayish maculations laterally, as well as posterior 1 / 2 of pronotal lobe; tegulae translucent brown; scutellum with large but faint grayish maculation, with V-shaped notch missing from anterior edge; legs dark brown; fore tibia with basal pale maculation covering ~ 1 / 2 of its length; mid tibia with tiny, barely noticeable basal spot; hind tibia with basal maculation covering &lt;1 / 4 of its length; T 1 dark brown, T 2 – T 5 black with rims dark brown and slightly translucent, T 6 black; sterna dark brown.</p><p>Head: Labrum with fairly dense punctation; clypeus with few very sparse punctures except for line of punctures on each side of upper lobe; supraclypeus mostly smooth with few punctures along lateral edges, changing to abruptly punctured between antennal sockets; upper frons between antennal sockets and ocelli nearly impunctate, as well as spaces between lateral ocelli and eyes; inner margin of compound eye with a sparse line of very fine punctures; genal area with a few scattered fine punctures; vertex with strong preoccipital carina lined with punctures along margin vestiture sparse, absent from most of face; rear margin of vertex and genae with a fringe of medium-length erect white hairs; some similar hairs present between antennal bases, between and to both sides of ocelli, and on mandibles and labrum; a few much shorter hairs on clypeus, along inner eye margins, and on scape.</p><p>Mesosoma: Scutum moderately punctate in anterior quarter (1–3 diameters apart) but becoming largely impunctate medially, with just a few punctures along lateral and posterior margins; scutellum moderately punctured along margins, becoming sparse centrally; metanotum densely but very shallowly punctured; propodeum with dorsal area imbricate to shagreened; propleuron densely punctured; mesopleuron moderately punctured with spaces of 2–3 puncture widths, hypoepimeral area impunctate; metapleuron and lower sides of propodeum moderately to densely punctured; fore and mid femora weakly expanded medially and slightly flattened below; fore and mid tibiae slightly narrower than femora, with curved apical spine; hind femur similarly expanded, ~ 1.25 × wider than hind tibia, basitibial plate indistinct; vestiture sparse dorsally; scutum and scutellum hairless except around edges; metanotum with some long white hairs laterally; propleuron with evenly spaced semi-erect medium-length hairs; mesopleuron with long but sparse white hairs, becoming denser on ventral surface; lateral faces of propodeum with moderately dense medium-length white hairs; fore and mid legs with a few long white hairs on femur and tibia (slightly denser on the latter), scopal hairs on hind leg longer but not much denser; all three basitarsi with denser and more yellow-brown vestiture in comparison to more basal segments of legs.</p><p>Metasoma: Graduli present on T 2 – T 5 and S 2 – S 5; T 1 smooth with very sparse shallow punctures; T 2 pregradular area finely strigulate and impunctate, postgradular area smooth and sparsely punctured (2–5 diameters apart), narrow transverse line of pits in apical depressed area; T 3 pregradular area strigulate and nearly impunctate, postgradular area with moderately dense punctures (1–3 diameters), though impunctate just before apical depression which contains an additional band of fine and dense punctures; T 4 postgradular area moderately punctured, pits continuing partway into apical depression which is less sharply defined than on T 2 and T 3; T 5 postgradular area densely punctured (0.5–1 diameters) with pits continuing partway into apical depression; T 6 weakly rugoso-punctate with pits somewhat indistinct; S 1 smooth; S 2 with moderately dense punctures restricted to postgradular area (1–3 diameters); S 3 – S 5 pregradular area strigulate and with scattered punctures, postgradular punctation dense (~ 1 diameter); S 6 strigulate basally, moderately sculptured with indistinct punctures over most of segment (in direct comparison, slightly duller than in C. muscatella); vestiture sparse on terga, mostly consisting of short light hairs along graduli, though T 5 and T 6 with denser mix of light and dark hairs; S 2 – S 5 with sparse rows of long, erect, white hairs apically, more uniformly distributed on S 6; S 2 and S 3 additionally with patches of appressed white hairs immediately posterior to graduli (wax plates), less conspicuous than in C. muscatella but likely just due to wear.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Ceratina splendida was described from North India, Pakistan, and Nepal by Shiokawa (2008); no male specimens are known. Shiokawa assigned this species to subgenus Catoceratina based on the largely impunctate head and preoccipital carina, but distinguished it from C. perforatrix based on differences in the clypeal and supraclypeal structure as well as sparser punctation on the mesepisternum.</p><p>Shortly after its description however, Warrit (2009) pointed out that C. splendida lacks the distinctive ventral scopa seen in C. perforatrix, and further showed that the preoccipital carina and largely impunctate face alone are not sufficient to distinguish among several other subgenera. Since it also did not agree well with any other existing subgenus, Warrit tentatively moved C. splendida from Catoceratina to Ceratina s. s., though suggested that it could potentially be placed in a new subgenus with C. parvula Smith, 1854 (which itself was split from the nominate subgenus and became the type species of subgenus Dalyatina Terzo, 2007).</p><p>In addition to the features identified by Shiokawa (2008) and Warrit (2009), all differences between C. muscatella and C. perforatrix identified above are also applicable for C. splendida . Given that C. splendida is clearly distinct from Catoceratina and that genetic evidence shows a distant relationship to C. parvula and Dalyatina (Suppl. material 2), we include it with the morphologically similar and phylogenetically close species in subgenus Scuticeratina .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9D60D9F97AB75EEDBB5C0EEAC9A7C547	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sless, Trevor J. L.;Tucker, Erika M.;Rehan, Sandra M.	Sless, Trevor J. L., Tucker, Erika M., Rehan, Sandra M. (2026): Scuticeratina: A new subgenus of small carpenter bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Xylocopinae) from Indomalaya. ZooKeys 1269: 151-180, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1269.148092
