identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
5E26F4450D7EFF8131DF6D659239FE0F.text	5E26F4450D7EFF8131DF6D659239FE0F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paepalanthus trichophyllus (Bong.) Korn.	<div><p>Paepalanthus trichophyllus (Bong.) Körn. in Martius &amp; Eichler</p><p>Figs 4–5</p><p>Paepalanthus trichophyllus (Bong.) Körn. in Martius &amp; Eichler (Martius &amp; Eichler 1863). – Eriocaulon trichophyllum Bong. (Bongard 1831) . – Dupatya trichophylla (Bong.) Kuntze (Kuntze 1891) . – Floralia trichophylla (Bong.) Andrino (Andrino 2023) .</p><p>Paepalanthus canescens f. angustifolia Ruhland (Ruhland 1903) . – Type: BRAZIL − Minas Gerais • an schattigen Stellen der Serra do Lenheiro; May 1896; Álvaro da Silveira 1036; holotype: B [B 10 0247833]; isotype: LL [LL 00374678]). Syn. nov .</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The term ʻ trichophyllus ʼ originates from the Greek, with ʻ tricho ʼ meaning ʻhairʼ and ʻ phyllus ʼ meaning ʻleafʼ, a reference to the species characteristic of leaves covered by trichomes.</p><p>Type material examined</p><p>BRAZIL − Minas Gerais • “ Brasilia, In siccis arenosis mont. St. Juno d’ El Ray” [ São João del-Rei]; Jun. 1824; fl.; Riedel 292 (first-step lectotype designated by Moldenke 1977: 252); second-step lectotype: LE [LE 00002858], designated here; isolectotypes: LE [LE 00002857], B [B 10 0247642] .</p><p>Other material examined</p><p>BRAZIL − Minas Gerais • Baependi; 20 Jun. 1962; fl.; J. Mattos &amp; H. Bicalho 10346; SP, SPF • Carrancas; 28 Nov. 2002; fl.; A.A.M. de Barros 1772; RFFP • Delfinópolis; 11 Mar. 2003; fl.; R. Romero et al. 6724; HUFU, UB • Ingaí; s.d.; M.L. Gavilanes 831; ESAL • Itumirim; 24 Jul. 1987; fl.; D.A. Carvalho s.n.; SPF [SPF61218] • Itumirim; 20 May 2010; fl.; M.E. Mansanares et al. 1448; ESAL • Itumirim; 17 Jun. 2012; fl.; M.E. Mansanares et al. 2711; ESAL • Itumirim; 22 Mar. 2016; fl.; C.P.V. Martins et al. 379; ESAL • Itumirim; 22 Mar. 2016; fl.; C.P.V. Martins et al. 381; ESAL • Itumirim; s.d.; fl.; Alunos da terceira turma da pós-graduação em botânica 265; ESAL • Itumirim; s.d.; fl.; E.A. Andrade s.n.; ESAL [ESAL27042] • Itumirim; s.d.; fl.; D.A. Carvalho s.n.; ESAL [ESAL6456, ESAL8305] • Itumirim; s.d.; fl.; M.L. Gavilanes 366; ESAL • Itutinga; 7 Mar. 1995; fl.; V.C. Souza et al. 7843; ESA • Itutinga; 20 May 2010; fl.; M.E. Mansanares et al. 1415; ESAL • Itutinga; 16 Feb. 2012; fl.; M. Sobral &amp; D.G. Castro 14755; HUFSJ, RB • Itutinga; 26 Apr. 2016; fl.; I.AC. Arruda &amp; C.P.V. Martins 669; ESAL • Itutinga; 13 Feb. 2017; fl.; D.Q. Domingos et al. 838; ESAL • Itutinga; 3 Mar. 2021; fl.; L.E.F. Silva &amp; I.M. Rollim 178; R • Lavras; 29 Jun. 1987; fl.; H.F. Leitão Filho et al. 19296; UEC • Lavras; 10 Apr. 2001; fl.; J. Chaddad Jr. 46; ESA • Lavras; 25 Mar. 2011; fl.; M.E. Mansanares et al. 2131; ESAL • Lavras; s.d.; fl.; D.A. Carvalho s.n.; ESAL [ESAL6738] • Lavras; s.d.; fl.; M.L. Gavilanes 558; ESAL • Minduri; 31 Mar. 2011; fl.; M.E. Mansanares et al. 2158; ESAL • Ouro Preto; 19 Sep. 2018; fl.; J.A.M. Paiva et al. 1876; BHCB, OUPR • São João del-Rei; 4 Jan. 2006; fl.; A. Rapini 1284; HUEFS • São João del-Rei; 25 Jan. 2018; fl.; M.T.R. Costa et al. 1336; HUFSJ, R • São João del-Rei; 4 Mar. 2021; fl.; L.E.F. Silva &amp; I.M. Rollim 180; R • São João del-Rei; s.d.; fl.; A. Silveira s. n.; BHCB [BHCB63188] • São Roque de Minas; 7 Dec. 1994; fl.; J.N. Nakajima &amp; R. Romero 652; HUFU, SPF • São Roque de Minas; 10 Jan. 1995; fl.; R. Romero et al. 1682; HUFU, SPF • São Roque de Minas; 10 Jan. 1995; fl.; R. Romero et al. 1698; HUFU, SPF [SPF106131] • São Roque de Minas; 17 Mar. 1995; fl.; R. Romero et al. 1983; HUFU, SPF • São Roque de Minas; 17 Mar. 1995; fl.; R. Romero et al. 1986; HUFU • São Roque de Minas; 20 Mar. 1995; fl.; J.N. Nakajima et al. 938; HUFU • São Roque de Minas; 21 Nov. 1995; fl.; J.N. Nakajima et al. 1533; HUFU, SPF [SPF109764, SPF227046] • São Roque de Minas; 23 Nov. 1995; fl.; J.N. Nakajima et al. 1614; HUFU, SPF [SPF109761] • São Roque de Minas; 10 Dec. 1996; fl.; J.N. Nakajima &amp; E.F. André 2475; UEC • São Roque de Minas; 10 Dec. 1996; fl.; J.N. Nakajima &amp; E.F. André 2477; UEC • São Roque de Minas; 11 Jan. 1998; fl.; R. Romero et al. 5021; HUFU, SPF . • São Roque de Minas; 31 May 2014; fl.; L. Echternacht et al. 2496; HUFU • São Roque de Minas; 31 May 2014; fl.; M.S. Freitas et al. 34; HUFU • São Thomé das Letras; 30 Oct. 1984; fl.; Cordeiro s.n.; SPF [SPF35521] • São Thomé das Letras; 20 Apr. 1986; fl.; C.R.A. de Moraes &amp; L.R. Ávila s.n.; HRCB [HRCB6497] • São Thomé das Letras; 28 Oct. 1989; fl.; C.L.M. Rocha s.n.; BHCB [BHCB27983], SPF [SPF100035] . – Goiás • Cristalina; 23 Jun. 1983; fl.; G. Hatschbach &amp; R. Kummrow 46601; FLOR, INPA, MBM , US • Cristalina; 17 Jul. 2007; fl.; M.M. Saavedra 403; HUEFS, RB, SPF • Cristalina; 30 Jul. 2011; fl.; J.E.Q. Faria et al. 1488; HUEFS, UB • Cristalina; 19 Mar. 2013; fl.; R.G. Chacon et al. 1019; HEPH • Cristalina; 15 May 2015; fl.; R.G. Chacon et al. 1290; HEPH • Cristalina; 12 Jun. 2024; fl.; T.M. de Lima 12; OUPR</p><p>Description</p><p>Perennial herbs, usually solitary or forming clumps, with an erect habit and self-supporting individuals, 10.35–56.5 cm tall; rhizome present, usually conspicuous, aerial stem 0.8–32.6 cm long, sparsely pilose, solitary or branched, internodes 0.5–3.5 mm long. Leaves persistent, arranged in a rosette or along the stem, chartaceous, flexible, lanceolate, light green to brownish when old, patent when the stem is short and restricted to the rosette or usually recurved when the stem is elongated and not restricted to the rosette, sessile when the stem is short and restricted to the rosette or usually amplexicaul when the stem is elongated and not restricted to the rosette, 0.7–2.3 × 0.1–0.32 cm, pilose or sparsely pilose, margin straight when the stem is short and restricted to the rosette or involute when the stem is elongated and not restricted to the rosette, margin hirsute at the base and pilose distally, apex acute. Spathes ca 2 × as long as the leaves, pilose or glabrous, apex pilose or glabrous and acute or lacerated. Scapes 1−10 per branch, arranged in a terminal umbelliform inflorescence or solitary scapes, 9.1–28.6 cm long, densely pilose or glabrous. Capitula hemispherical to globose, white-villous, 4–9 mm in diam.; involucral bracts in 3−5 series, obovate or wide-elliptic, castaneous, concave-convex, 2–2.5 mm long, pilose to glabrescent distally, margin ciliate, apex obtuse to rounded; receptacle hemispherical, pilose. Flowers dimerous; floral bracts linear, castaneous, concave-convex, 1.5–2 mm long, pilose distally, margin ciliate, apex obtuse or rounded. Staminate flowers 2–2.5 mm long; sessile or with pedicel 0.2–1 mm long, pilose; sepals 2, free, obovate, castaneous, 1.5–2 mm long, pilose to glabrescent distally, ciliate to glabrescent toward the obtuse apex; anthophore fleshy, elongate; corolla fused into a tube, hyaline, membranaceous, 1.5–2 mm long, glabrous; stamens 2–2.5 mm long; anthers 2, exerted, ca 0.5 mm long. Pistillate flowers 2–3 mm long, sessile or with pedicel 0.5 mm long; sepals 2, fused at the base, oblong-obovate, castaneous, 2–3 mm long, pilose to glabrescent distally, margin ciliate to glabrescent toward the obtuse or rounded apex; petals 2, free, elliptic or obovate, hyaline-castaneous, hyaline or cream to golden, 1.5–2.5 mm long, pilose distally on the abaxial surface, margin ciliate toward the obtuse or rounded apex; gynoecium 1.5–3 mm long, stigmatic branches 2, bifid at the apex, slightly or 0.5–1 mm longer than the nectariferous branches, staminodes 2, scale-like. Fruit a loculicidal capsule. Seeds not seen.</p><p>Distribution, habitat and ecology</p><p>The species is distributed in the states of Minas Gerais and Goiás (Fig. 3), occurring in both protected areas and isolated remnants of native vegetation. In Minas Gerais, it has been recorded in several municipalities, including Baependi, Carrancas, Delfinópolis, Itumirim, Itutinga, Lavras, Minduri, Ouro Preto, as well as in the Serra do Campestre in Ingaí, and the Serra de São Thomé das Letras, within the municipality of São Thomé das Letras. In Goiás, the species is also found in native vegetation remnants within the Serra dos Cristais in Cristalina. It typically inhabits rupestrian grasslands, usually in sandy soils that are often waterlogged in areas with full sunlight exposure. Flowering specimens have been recorded in every month of the year, except in August.</p><p>Preliminary conservation assessment</p><p>The species occurs within the Quedas do Rio Bonito Ecological Park, the Capanema Private Natural Heritage Reserve, the Serra do Lenheiro Municipal Ecological Park, and the Serra da Canastra National Park, all located in Minas Gerais. With an EOO of 98 828.131 km 2 and an AOO of 52 000 km 2, the species should be treated as Least Concern (LC). Its wide distribution, occurrence in multiple protected areas, and numerous populations of mature individuals support its assessment in this category.</p><p>Taxonomic remarks</p><p>Paepalanthus trichophyllus was described by Bongard (1831), who provided only a brief description and did not specify the holotype nor the locality. Most of the species described by Bongard (1831) were based on collections by Riedel, deposited at the LE herbarium. During this study, we identified four specimens of particular interest: two under Riedel 292, deposited at the LE herbarium with a duplicate at the B herbarium, and Riedel s. n. also at LE. Although Trovó &amp; Sano (2010) indicated the Riedel s. n. specimen as the holotype of the species, there is no clear indication, which material was used by Bongard in the original description. Moldenke (1977) cited that the species was described based on the specimens at LE, with isotypes at B, which may be considered a first-step lectotype according to the current ICN (Turland 2025: Art. 9.17.). Therefore, we designate the specimen Riedel 292 [LE 00002858] at the LE herbarium as the second-step lectotype and the duplicate specimens at LE [LE 00002858] and B herbarium [B 10 0247642] are regarded as isolectotypes. Those specimens at LE bear an original label with Bongard’s handwriting and are similar to the description protologue of the species.</p><p>Ruhland (1903) described Paepalanthus canescens f. angustifolia as differing from P. canescens Körnicke by its slenderer habit and smaller leaves. This form does not fit the concept of P. canescens, a species with trimerous flowers, because the type specimens of the new form has dimerous flowers. Furthermore, its distribution in the Serra do Lenheiro, São João del-Rei, overlaps with the distribution of the type of P. trichophyllus . The form described does not exhibit morphological features that differentiate it from P. trichophyllus, possessing lanceolate, pilose leaves with a hirsute margin at the base and pilose distally, castaneous capitula, castaneous obovate or wide-elliptic involucral bracts, and dimerous flowers. Therefore, we propose the synonymy of P. canescens f. angustifolia under P. trichophyllus .</p><p>Prior to this study, the broad concept of Paepalanthus trichophyllus encompassed a poorly understood assemblage of dimerous plants with variable morphology distributed across the states of Minas Gerais, Goiás, and Bahia. This work provides a narrower, more tight circumscription of P. trichophyllus, restricting its occurrence to the southern regions of Minas Gerais and Goiás, including the populations from Itutinga, Serra da Canastra National Park, and São João del-Rei, where the type of the species was originally collected. These morphotypes of Paepalanthus trichophyllus share both quantitative and qualitative characteristics that define them as a single species. The species is characterized by its sparsely pilose stem; lanceolate leaves with margins hirsute at the base and pilose distally and an acute apex, white-villous, hemispherical to globose capitula, obovate or wide-elliptic involucral bracts, linear floral bracts; and the sepals of pistillate flowers oblong-obovate and petals elliptic or obovate.</p><p>While the morphotypes exhibit some variation in size and shape of certain structures compared to the type population from São João del-Rei, these differences are not sufficient to designate them as separate entities. The morphotype found in Itutinga, an area adjacent to São João del-Rei, shows distinct floral features such as floral bracts ca 1.5 mm long (vs 2 mm long in the type population), pistillate flowers ca 2 mm long (vs 3 mm long), sepals ca 2 mm long (vs 3 mm long), petals obovate, hyaline, ca 1.5 mm long (vs elliptic, cream-colored to golden, 2.5 mm long), gynoecium ca 1.5 mm long (vs 3 mm long), and stigmatic branches slightly longer than the nectariferous branches (vs ca 1 mm longer than the nectariferous branches).</p><p>The morphotype found in the Serra da Canastra National Park also differs from the São João del-Rei morphotype, with some individuals exhibiting a short stem and sessile, patent leaves with straight margins. However, these features occur in only a few individuals, as the majority maintain characteristics of elongated stems that are not restricted to the rosette, and recurved, amplexicaul leaves with involute margins, like individuals from other populations of P. trichophyllus . It was also observed that in this population, some individuals with short stems and their associated characteristics were found in clumps alongside individuals with elongated stems and their respective characteristics.</p><p>In the Serra da Canastra National Park population, while the pubescence of vegetative and reproductive structures is similar to other morphotypes, the pubescence of the leaves, spathes, and scapes tends to be more deciduous. Some vegetative and floral traits show variability, such as glabrous spathes (vs pilose) with glabrous apex (vs pilose), glabrous scapes (vs densely pilose), floral bracts ca 1.5 mm long (vs 2 mm long), staminate flowers with sepals and petals ca 1.5 mm long (vs 2 mm long), pistillate flowers ca 2 mm long (vs 3 mm long) with sepals ca 2 mm long (vs 3 mm long) and petals ca 1.5 mm long (vs 2.5 mm long), gynoecium ca 1.5 mm long (vs 3 mm long), and stigmatic branches ca 0.5 mm longer than the nectariferous branches (vs 1 mm longer than the nectariferous branches).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E26F4450D7EFF8131DF6D659239FE0F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Silva, Lucas Espindola Florêncio da;Trovó, Marcelo	Silva, Lucas Espindola Florêncio da, Trovó, Marcelo (2026): Taxonomic revision of the Paepalanthus trichophyllus complex (Poales, Eriocaulaceae) with the description of two new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1034: 58-84, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1034.3161, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3161/14067
5E26F4450D78FF9D31A869ED957AFB51.text	5E26F4450D78FF9D31A869ED957AFB51.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paepalanthus linearilaminatus L. E. F. Silva 2026	<div><p>Paepalanthus linearilaminatus L.E.F.Silva sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77371912-1</p><p>Figs 6–7</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Paepalanthus linearilaminatus sp. nov. may be segregated from the P. trichophyllus complex by its linear leaves, which are small, recurved to deflexed and also by its oblanceolate floral bracts.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The specific epithet ʻ linearilaminatus ʼ is derived from the Latin words ʻ linearis ʼ (ʻlinearʼ) and ʻ lamina ʼ (ʻbladeʼ or thin ʻsheetʼ), referring to the distinct morphology of the leaves, which are narrow, elongated, and linear in shape, a characteristic that differentiates the species from other within the group.</p><p>Type material</p><p>BRAZIL – Bahia • Piatã “ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.883892&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.0622225" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.883892/lat -13.0622225)">Estrada para Três Morros, acessada pela BA-560. Estrada de terra na primeira bifurcação às esquerda, sentido Três Morros, campo ca 2 km a partir da estrada principal, próximo a uma fazenda</a> ”; 13°03′44″ S, 41°53′02″ W; 1431 m; 8 Jul. 2021; fl; W.L. Picanço 561; holotype: R [R253469]!; isotypes: HUEFS!, NY!, P!, RB!, SPF !.</p><p>Other material examined</p><p>BRAZIL – Bahia • Barra da Estiva; 23 Mar. 1980; fl.; R.M. Harley 20814; CEPEC, K, SPF • Barra da Estiva; 19 Jul. 1981; fl.; A.M. Giulietti et al. 1356; K, SPF • Mucugê; 6 Feb. 1974; fl.; R.M. Harley et al. 16066; CEPEC, IPA, K, MO, U, US • Piatã; 20 Aug. 1981; fl.; L. Coradin et al. 4369; CEN • Piatã; 15 Feb. 1987; fl.; R.M. Harley et al. 24316; HUEFS, K • Piatã; 14 May 1992; fl; W. Ganev 287; HUEFS • Piatã; 5 Nov. 1996; fl.; H.P. Bautista et al. 4074; ALCB, CEPEC, HUEFS, K, SPF • Piatã; 21 May 1999; fl.; V.C. Souza 22996; ESA • Piatã; 29 Jul. 2017; fl.; N. Roque et al. 4966; ALCB, HVC • Rio de Contas; 21 Mar. 1977; fl.; R.M. Harley et al. 19790; CEPEC, IPA, K, MBM, P, SP, SPF, UEC, US • Rio de Contas; 15 May 1983; fl.; G. Hatschbach 46408; INPA, US • Rio de Contas; 20 Feb. 1987; fl.; R.M. Harley et al. 24516; K, SPF • Rio de Contas; 6 Nov.1988; fl.; R.M. Harley et al. 25929; HUEFS, K, SPF • Rio de Contas; Mar. 1997; fl.; A.M. Giulietti &amp; R.M. Harley 4013; BOTU, HCF, HUEFS, K, LAG, R, SORO, UB • Rio de Contas; Mar. 1997; fl.; A.M. Giulietti &amp; R.M. Harley 4015; HUEFS, K, R • Rio de Contas; 4 Jan. 2003; fl.; R.M. Harley et al. 54552; HUEFS • Rio de Contas; 27 Mar. 2021; fl.; D.C. Zappi et al. 5169; HUEFS • Rio de Contas; 10 Sep. 2021; fl.; R.M. Harley et al. 58809; HUEFS .</p><p>Description</p><p>Perennial herbs, solitary, with an erect and self-supporting habit, 18.8–40.7 cm tall; rhizome present, usually conspicuous, aerial stem 5–19.2 cm long, sparsely pilose, unbranched or branched, internodes 1–2 mm long. Leaves persistent, arranged along the stem, chartaceous, rigid, linear, light green to brownish when old, recurved to deflexed, amplexicaul, 0.5–1.1 × 0.08–0.19 cm, pilose, margins involute and hirsute at the base and pilose distally, apex acute. Spathes ca 3 × as long as the leaves, glabrous, apex glabrous and acute. Scapes 1−10 per branch, arranged in a terminal umbelliform inflorescence or solitary, 11.9– 28.2 cm long, glabrous. Capitula hemispherical to globose, white-villous, 3.5–7 mm in diam.; involucral bracts in 3−5 series, obovate, castaneous, concave-convex, ca 2 mm long, pilose to glabrescent distally, margin ciliate, apex obtuse to rounded; receptacle hemispherical, pilose. Flowers dimerous; floral bracts oblanceolate, castaneous, concave-convex, ca 1.5 mm long, pilose distally, margin ciliate, apex obtuse or rounded. Staminate flowers 1–1.8 mm long; sessile or with pedicel ca 0.2 mm long, pilose; sepals 2, free, obovate, castaneous, ca 1.5 mm long, pilose distally to glabrescent, ciliate to glabrescent towards the obtuse apex; anthophore fleshy, elongate; corolla fused into a tube, hyaline, membranaceous, ca 1.5 mm long, glabrous; stamens ca 1.8 mm; anthers 2, exerted, ca 0.5 mm long. Pistillate flowers ca 2.5 mm long, sessile or with pedicel 0.3 mm long; sepals 2, fused at the base, oblong-obovate, castaneous, ca 2.5 mm long, sparsely pilose to glabrescent distally, margin ciliate to glabrescent toward the rounded apex; petals 2, free, elliptic, light castaneous to hyaline, ca 2 mm long, pilose distally on the abaxial surface, margin ciliate toward the obtuse or rounded apex; gynoecium 2 mm long, stigmatic branches 2, bifid at the apex, slightly longer than the nectariferous branches, staminodes 2, scale-like. Fruit a loculicidal capsule. Seeds not seen.</p><p>Distribution, habitat and ecology</p><p>Paepalanthus linearilaminatus sp. nov. is restricted to the state of Bahia (Fig. 3). The species is found in the Serra das Almas Municipal Park in the municipality of Rio de Contas, which hosts the largest population of individuals. It is also found within in Chapada Diamantina National Park. Additional records have been documented in remnants of native vegetation in the Serra da Tromba, Abaíra, Piatã, and the Serra do Sincorá in Mucugê. The species is found in rupestrian fields, predominantly in sandy soils, frequently waterlogged, and directly exposed to sunlight. Flowering specimens have been recorded in most months of the year: January, February, March, May, July, August, September, and November.</p><p>Preliminary conservation assessment</p><p>The species is protected within the Serra das Almas Municipal Park (BA) and the Chapada Diamantina National Park (BA). With an EOO of 3 138.849 km 2 and an AOO of 20 000 km 2, the species is suggested as Endangered: EN B1ab(iii). Its distribution is highly fragmented and restricted to the Chapada Diamantina, where typical Caatinga and Cerrado rupestrian fields formations predominate, one of the most threatened domains, exposed to severe pressures such as recurrent fires and widespread replacement of native vegetation by pastures and monocultures. Although it occurs in protected areas, these regions do not provide complete protection against frequent wildfires, which are often intensified by agricultural activities. Such threats may compromise its viability in the medium to long term.</p><p>Taxonomic remarks</p><p>Specimens belonging to the new species were previously misidentified as Paepalanthus trichophyllus due to shared traits, such as elongated stems, leaves arranged along the stem, hemispherical to globose capitula and castaneous involucral bracts, and dimerous flowers. Comparative analysis reveals diagnostic traits when populations of both species are compared. From the specimens of P. trichophyllus occurring in the type locality in São João del-Rei, P. linearilaminatus sp. nov. can be distinguished by having leaves 0.5–1.1 × 0.08–0.19 cm (vs 1.57–2.3 × 0.19–0.32 cm); glabrous spathes (vs pilose) with glabrous apex (vs pilose), glabrous scapes (vs densely pilose), floral bracts ca 1.5 mm long (vs 2 mm long), sepals and petals of staminate flowers ca 1.5 mm long (vs 2 mm long), pistillate flowers ca 2.5 mm long (vs 3 mm long) with sepals ca 2.5 mm long (vs 3 mm long) and light castaneous to hyaline petals ca 2 mm long (vs cream-colored to golden, 2.5 mm long), gynoecium ca 2 mm long (vs 3 mm long), and stigmatic branches slightly longer than the nectariferous branches (vs ca 1 mm longer than the nectariferous branches).</p><p>When compared to the morphotype of Paepalanthus trichophyllus found in Itutinga, P. linearilaminatus sp. nov. is distinguished by its glabrous spathe (vs pilose) with glabrous apex (vs pilose), glabrous scapes (vs densely pilose), sepals and petals of staminete flowers ca 1.5 mm long (vs 2 mm long), pistillate flowers ca 2.5 mm long (vs 2 mm long) with sepals ca 2.5 mm long (vs 2 mm long) and elliptic petals ca 2 mm long (vs obovate, 1.5 mm long), and gynoecium ca 2 mm long (vs 1.5 mm long). Compared to the morphotype from Serra da Canastra National Park, P. linearilaminatus exhibits stems 5–19.2 cm long (vs 0.8–2 cm long), amplexicaul, recurved to deflected leaves with involute margin (vs patent, sessile, margin straight when the stem is short and restricted to rosette), pistillate flowers ca 2.5 mm long (vs 2 mm long) with sepals ca 2.5 mm long (vs 2 mm long) and petals ca 2 mm long (vs 1.5 mm long), gynoecium ca 2 mm long (vs 1.5 mm long), and stigmatic branches slightly longer than the nectariferous branches (vs ca 0.5 mm longer than the nectariferous branches).</p><p>The species also shares morphological similarities with the sympatric Paepalanthus strictus, particularly in having leaves arranged along the stem, hemispherical to globose capitula and castaneous involucral bracts, and dimerous flowers. However, P. linearilaminatus sp. nov. can be distinguished by its linear and pilose leaves (vs lanceolate or subulate, hirsute to lanuginous) with hirsute margin at the base and pilose distally (vs hirsute to lanuginous all over the margin), obovate involucral bracts (vs spatulate) with obtuse or rounded apex (vs acuminate), oblanceolate floral bracts ca 1.5 mm long (vs linear, 2 mm long), sepals and petals of staminate flowers ca 1.5 mm long (vs 2 mm long), pistillate flowers ca 2.5 mm long (vs 3 mm long) with sepals ca 2.5 mm long (vs 3 mm long).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E26F4450D78FF9D31A869ED957AFB51	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Silva, Lucas Espindola Florêncio da;Trovó, Marcelo	Silva, Lucas Espindola Florêncio da, Trovó, Marcelo (2026): Taxonomic revision of the Paepalanthus trichophyllus complex (Poales, Eriocaulaceae) with the description of two new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1034: 58-84, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1034.3161, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3161/14067
5E26F4450D64FF98325A6D329791FD7F.text	5E26F4450D64FF98325A6D329791FD7F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paepalanthus rollimae L. E. F. Silva 2026	<div><p>Paepalanthus rollimae L.E.F.Silva sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77371913-1</p><p>Figs 8–9</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>The new species is primarily distinguished by its recurved leaves, which are broader at the median portion, elliptical or elliptical-lanceolate in shape, pubescent, and have a rounded apex. These leaves are thick, with margins hirsute at the base and pubescent distally, while the acuminate to rounded apex further enhances its distinctiveness. Additionally, the species is characterized by a pubescent stem, discoid and white-villous capitula sharply contrasting with a dark brown involucral bracts at the basal portion, oblong or oblong-ovate involucral bracts, and oblong sepals in pistillate flowers.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The new species is named in honor of the botanical researcher Isis Rollim, for her longstanding support of my Eriocaulaceae studies, article reviews, and species photographs.</p><p>Type material</p><p>BRAZIL − Goiás • Alto Paraíso de Goiás, “trilha para a <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-47.50528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.094167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -47.50528/lat -14.094167)">Fazenda Água Fria</a> ”; 14°05′39″ S, 47°30′19″ W; 7 Apr. 2019; fl.; L.E.F. Silva et al. 141; holotype: R [R255104]!; isotypes: CEN!, NY!, P!, RB!, SPF !.</p><p>Other material examined</p><p>BRAZIL − Goiás • Alto Paraíso de Goiás; 4 Feb. 1990; fl.; M.M. Arbo et al. 3592; HRCB, K, MBM • Alto Paraíso de Goiás; 24 May 1993; fl.; I.V. Lima 107; HEPH • Alto Paraíso de Goiás; 20 Jul. 1994; fl.; M. Aparecida da Silva et al. 2184; IBGE, SPF • Alto Paraíso de Goiás; 7 Sep. 1994; fl.; M. Aparecida da Silva 2283; SPF • Alto Paraíso de Goiás; 26 Apr. 1998; fl.; C.B.R. Munhoz et al. 715; HEPH, HUEFS • Alto Paraíso de Goiás; 26 Apr. 1998; fl.; C.B.R. Munhoz et al. 724; HEPH • Alto Paraíso de Goiás; 8 May 2000; fl.; G. Hatschbach 70681; BHCB, COR, HEPH, MBM, PACA-AGP • Alto Paraíso de Goiás; May 2002; fl.; V.L.C.R. Uliana et al. 648; CEN, ESA, HTO, IBGE, RB, SP, SPF, UB, UEC, UFG • Alto Paraíso de Goiás; 22 May 2008; fl.; J.M. Silva et al. 6652; MBM • Alto Paraíso de Goiás; 19 Mar. 2009; fl.; M. Trovó et al. 456; B, HRCB, R, RB, SPF, UB • Alto Paraíso de Goiás; 22 Mar. 2012; fl.; M.T.C. Watanabe et al. 238; SPF • Alto Paraíso de Goiás; 5 Apr. 2012; fl.; A.G. Amaral et al. 2741; HUEFS, UB • Alto Paraíso de Goiás; 13 Mar. 2015; fl.; A.L. Silva 7; HRCB • Alto Paraíso de Goiás; 11 Apr. 2017; fl.; J.F. Carrión 1812; HUEFS • Alto Paraíso de Goiás; 14 Nov. 2017; fl.; M.L.O. Trovó &amp; L.M. Borges 695; CEN, OUPR • Alto Paraíso de Goiás; 9 May 2018; fl.; M.L.O. Trovó et al. 777; CEN, OUPR • Alto Paraíso de Goiás; 7 Apr. 2019; fl.; L.E.F. Silva et al. 145; R • Alto Paraíso de Goiás; 7 Apr. 2019; fl.; L.E.F. Silva et al. 147; R • Alto Paraíso de Goiás; 8 Apr. 2019; fl.; L.E.F. Silva et al. 155; R • Alto Paraíso de Goiás; 15 Mar. 2020; fl.; L. Echternacht et al. 2840; OUPR • Nova Roma; 21 Feb. 2018; M.L.O. Trovó et al. 753; CEN, OUPR, RB .</p><p>Description</p><p>Perennial herbs, usually solitary, with an erect and self-supporting habit, 24.4–70.7 cm tall; rhizome present, usually conspicuous, aerial stem 4.1–30.5 cm long, sparsely pubescent, usually branched or solitary, internode 1–6 mm. Leaves persistent, arranged along the stem, chartaceous, flexible, elliptical or elliptical-lanceolate, light green to brownish when old, recurved, amplexicaul, 0.83–2.3 × 0.09– 0.51 cm, pubescent, margins straight and hirsute at the base and pubescent distally, apex acuminate to rounded. Spathes ca 2 × as long as the leaves, glabrous, apex glabrous and rounded. Scapes 1−10 per branch, arranged in a terminal umbelliform inflorescence or solitary, 18.3–46.2 cm long, glabrous. Capitula discoid, white-villous, 4–9 mm in diam.; involucral bracts in 3−5 series, oblong or oblong-ovate, castaneous, concave-convex, ca 2 mm long, glabrous, margin ciliate, apex rounded; receptacle hemispherical, pilose. Flowers dimerous; floral bracts linear, castaneous, concave-convex, ca 1.5 mm long, pilose distally, margin ciliate, apex obtuse or rounded. Staminate flowers 2–2.5 mm long; sessile or with pedicel ca 0.2 mm long, pilose; sepals 2, free, obovate, castaneous, ca 1.5 mm long, pilose distally to glabrescent, ciliate to glabrescent toward the obtuse apex; anthophore fleshy, elongate; corolla fused into a tube, hyaline, membranaceous, ca 1.5 mm long, glabrous; stamens 2–2.5 mm; anthers 2, exerted, ca 0.5 mm long. Pistillate flowers ca 2 mm long, sessile or with pedicel 0.3 mm long; sepals 2, fused at the base, oblong, castaneous-hyaline, ca 2 mm long, pilose distally, margin ciliate to glabrescent toward the obtuse or rounded apex; petals 2, free, oblong, hyaline, ca 1.5 mm long, pilose distally on the abaxial surface, margin ciliate toward the obtuse or rounded apex; gynoecium 1.5 mm long, stigmatic branches 2, bifid at the apex, slightly longer than the nectariferous branches, staminodes 2, scale-like. Fruit a loculicidal capsule. Seeds not seen.</p><p>Distribution, habitat and ecology</p><p>Paepalanthus rollimae sp. nov. is restricted to the state of Goiás (Fig. 3). It has been recorded in the Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park and adjacent remnants of native vegetation. The species is also found within the Chapada de Nova Roma Ecological Station, a conservation unit now enclosed within the Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park. It typically inhabits rocky fields, over sandy and often waterlogged soils in areas with full sunlight exposure. Flowering specimens have been recorded in the following months of the year: February, March, April, May, July, September, and November.</p><p>Preliminary conservation assessment</p><p>The species is recorded in the protected areas of the Chapada de Nova Roma Ecological Station and the Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park. With an AOO of 8000 km 2, the species is classified as Critically Endangered: CR B2ab(iii). Its distribution is restricted and severely fragmented, with populations composed of few mature individuals. Although it occurs in protected areas, the species is endemic to the Cerrado, a domain under significant pressure from recurrent fires and the conversion of native vegetation into monocultures and pastures.</p><p>Taxonomic remarks</p><p>The specimens of Paepalanthus rollimae sp. nov. were previously identified as P. trichophyllus, as the two species share traits such as elongated stem, leaves arranged along the stem, castaneous involucral bracts, and dimerous flowers. A comparative analysis revealed additional distinguishing features. When compared to populations from the type locality of P. trichophyllus in São João del-Rei, P. rollimae differs in having leaves with straight margin (vs involute), glabrous spathe (vs pilose) with rounded apex (vs acute or lacerate), glabrous scape (vs densely pilose), oblong or oblong-ovate involucral bracts (vs obovate or wide-elliptic), floral bracts ca 1.5 mm long (vs 2 mm long), sepals and petals of staminate flowers ca 1.5 mm long (vs 2 mm long), pistillate flowers ca 2 mm long (vs 3 mm long) with sepals ca 2 mm long (vs 3 mm long) and oblong, hyaline petals ca 1.5 mm long (vs elliptic, cream-colored to golden, 2.5 mm long), gynoecium ca 1.5 mm long (vs 3 mm long), and stigmatic branches slightly longer than the nectariferous branches (vs ca 1 mm longer than the nectariferous branches).</p><p>In comparison to the morphotype of Paepalanthus trichophyllus found in Itutinga, P. rollimae sp. nov. has differences such as leaves with straight margin (vs involute), glabrous spathe (vs pilose) with rounded apex (vs acute or lacerate), glabrous scape (vs densely pilose), oblong or oblong-ovate involucral bracts (vs obovate), sepals and petals of staminate flowers ca 1.5 mm long (vs 1.8 mm long), and oblong petals of pistillate flowers (vs obovate). In contrast to the morphotype of P. trichophyllus found in Serra da Canastra National Park, P. rollimae can be distinguished by its plants being 24.4–70.7 cm tall (vs 10.35–20.1 cm tall), stem 4.1–30.5 cm long (vs 0.8–2 cm long), leaves recurved, amplexicaul (vs patent, sessile, when the stem is short) with straight margin (vs involute when the stem is elongated and not restricted to rosette), apex of the spathe rounded (vs acute), scape 18.3–46.2 cm long (vs 9.1–17.5 cm long), oblong or oblong-ovate involucral bracts (vs obovate), oblong petals of pistillate flowers (vs elliptic), and stigmatic branches slightly longer than the nectariferous branches (vs ca 0.5 mm longer than the nectariferous branches).</p><p>The species also resembles the geographically close Paepalanthus atratus (Moldenke) L.E.F.Silva &amp; Trovó but differs ecologically and morphologically. While P. rollimae sp. nov. inhabits grasslands with full sunlight exposure, P. atratus is found in the shade of gallery forests. Morphologically, P. rollimae can be distinguished by its sparsely pubescent stem (vs glabrous); elliptical or elliptical-lanceolate, pubescent leaves (vs lanceolate, glabrous) with margin hirsute at the base and pubescent distally (vs glabrous) and rounded or acuminate apex (vs acute), spathe with rounded apex (vs acuminate or acute), staminate flowers 2–2.5 mm long (vs 1.1 mm long) with obovate sepals (vs obovate-oblong), petals ca 1.5 mm long (vs ca 0.5 mm long), and pistillate flowers ca 2 mm long (vs 1.5 mm long) with oblong sepals ca 2 mm long, pilose distally (vs obovate-oblong, 1.5 mm long, glabrous) and oblong petals (vs elliptic to obovate).</p><p>Paepalanthus rollimae sp. nov. can be distinguished from P. flaccidus, another morphologically similar and sympatric species, by its sparsely pubescent stem (vs glabrous). elliptical or elliptical-lanceolate, pubescent leaves (vs linear or linear-acicular, glabrous) with straight margin hirsute at the base and pubescent distally (vs involute, hirsute at base and glabrous distally) with acuminate or rounded apex (vs acute), spathe with rounded apex (vs acute), discoid, white-villous capitula (vs hemispherical, white to cream-colored), oblong or oblong-ovate, castaneous involucral bracts (vs elliptic, obovate or ovate, hyaline to golden), staminate flowers 2–2.5 mm long (vs 1.5 mm long), and pistillate flowers ca 2 mm long (vs 1.5 mm long) with oblong sepals ca 2 mm long (vs oblong-obovate, 1.5 mm long) and oblong petals (vs elliptic).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E26F4450D64FF98325A6D329791FD7F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Silva, Lucas Espindola Florêncio da;Trovó, Marcelo	Silva, Lucas Espindola Florêncio da, Trovó, Marcelo (2026): Taxonomic revision of the Paepalanthus trichophyllus complex (Poales, Eriocaulaceae) with the description of two new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1034: 58-84, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1034.3161, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3161/14067
