identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
5E406F67FF8D6325A6D2FC8AFB0E87B1.text	5E406F67FF8D6325A6D2FC8AFB0E87B1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Penthimiini Kirschbaum 1868	<div><p>Key to Penthimiini genera of Indian subcontinent</p><p>[modified from Shobharani et al. (2018a)]</p><p>1. Mesonotum broader than long, apex not spine-like (Figs 1B, 1C, 1D)......................................... 2</p><p>- Mesonotum longer than broad, apex acute, spine-like (Fig. 1A).................................. Haranga Distant</p><p>2. Ocelli on crown near anterior margin (Figs 1B, 1D, 1G)................................................... 4</p><p>- Ocelli either on anterior margin of crown (Fig. 1E) or on face (Fig. 1I)........................................ 3</p><p>3. Crown produced in front of eyes (Fig. 1E), head, thorax and forewings not punctate; ocelli on anterior margin of crown (Fig. 1E).......................................................................... Neodartus Melichar</p><p>- Crown short, not produced in front of eyes, head, thorax and forewings strongly punctate (Fig. 1H); ocelli on face (Fig. 1I)................................................................................ Magnentius Pruthi</p><p>4. Head in profile with apex bluntly angled at level of eye ventral margin (Fig. 1G)................................ 5</p><p>- Head in profile with apex evenly rounded (Fig. 1F)......................................... Penthimia Germar</p><p>5. Crown as long as median length of pronotum (Fig. 1C)........................................ Malichus Distant</p><p>- Crown distinctly shorter than median length of pronotum (Figs 1B, 1D)....................................... 6</p><p>6. Lateral frontal sutures reaching ocelli (Fig. 1D); forewing appendix extended around apical margin (Fig. 1J)............................................................................................... Tambila Distant</p><p>- Lateral frontal sutures not reaching ocelli (Figs 1G); forewing appendix not extended beyond second apical cell (Fig. 1K).................................................................................. Uzelina Melichar *</p><p>* Note: Species from the Indian subcontinent currently placed in Vulturnus Kirkaldy actually belong in Uzelina and will key out here. These species will be formally transferred in a separate paper (Viraktamath et al. in prep.).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E406F67FF8D6325A6D2FC8AFB0E87B1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	A. Viraktamath, C.;Shobharani, M.	A. Viraktamath, C., Shobharani, M. (2026): Revision of the penthimiine leafhopper genera Haranga Distant, Malichus Distant and Neodartus Melichar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) of the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 5856 (1): 15-29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5856.1.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5856.1.5
5E406F67FF8D6327A6D2F991FB0481A6.text	5E406F67FF8D6327A6D2F991FB0481A6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haranga Distant 1908	<div><p>Genus Haranga Distant</p><p>Haranga Distant 1908: 248 .</p><p>Type species: Haranga orientalis Distant, by original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis. Haranga can be recognized by its long mesonotum sometimes reaching the apex of the clavus, whereas in other Penthimiini the mesonotum is relatively short. Also, in Haranga, the hind femoral chaetotaxy is 2+2+1+1 whereas in other Penthimiini it is 2+2+1.</p><p>Description. Black (often with bluish tinge), with or without grey brochosome coating. Body elongate oval, head in profile angular with transverse striae, anterolateral margins of crown angulate anterad of eyes, transition between crown and face slightly angular (rounded in H. orientalis). Clypeus slightly inflated broadening upward. Clypellus slightly convex with obscure transverse striae, narrowed at base. Lorum rather tumid. Pronotum anteriorly declivous, finely punctate. Mesonotum very long, sometimes reaching apex of clavus, broad at base, abruptly narrowed from about middle to apex, with spine-like apex. Forewing black with posterior half brown, apical cells hyaline, strongly wrinkled on basal half, apical half smooth; claval veins joined by a cross vein, with seven apical, three ante-apical cells, covering entire abdomen, hind wing with four apical cells. Meta femoral macrosetae 2+2+1+1, meta tibia with one macroseta between 2–5 much smaller setae on posterodorsal (PD) row, with 2–3 small setae between macrosetae on anterodorsal (AD) row, metabasitarsomere apical transverse row with four platellae.</p><p>Male subgenital plate without stout setae but with a few hair-like setae in distal half. Connective Y-shaped. Style slender, elongate, preapical lobe absent except in H. orientalis, apical apophysis variable, with corrugated surface. Aedeagus with well-developed dorsal apodeme and atrium prominently extended basally, shaft curved posterodorsally, shaft often with spicules on lateral surface (in H. orientalis, H. scutellaris, H. maculatus etc. making lateral margin appear serrated in posterior or anterior view) or smooth, gonopore apical, shaft apex with U-shaped excavation. Female sternite VII longer than sternite VI medially, more or less quadrangular, about 2× as wide as long medially, with short U-shaped median excavation on posterior margin. Valvulae slightly curved, sculptured and toothed areas widened. Valvula I dorsal sculpturing concatenate, marginal, occupying distal 0.6 length (Figs 2H, 2I, 3M, 3N). Valvula II with hyaline area before the toothed dorsal margin, without basal tooth, dorsal toothed area occupying distal 0.6 length teeth large, with secondary dentition, becoming smaller distally close together, varying in number from 20–25 (Figs 2J, 2K, 3J, 3K, 3O, 3P).</p><p>Remarks. The genus Haranga is characterized as follows: head convexly rounded to face with entire anterior margin transversely striated (smooth in H. orientalis), lateral frontal sutures not extended to ocelli, mesonotum elongate, sometimes reaching apex of clavus, hind femoral macrosetae 2+2+1+1. Haranga resembles Penthimia in having the anterior margin of the head convexly rounded to the face with the entire anterior margin transversely striated and the lateral frontal sutures not reaching the ocelli (Distant 1908).</p><p>This genus is represented by eight species—one species in the Afrotropical and seven in the Oriental region. Three species of the genus are known to occur in the Indian subcontinent namely H. decurtata, H. orientalis and H. scutellaris (Distant, 1908, 1918). H. decurtata is recorded for the first time from Karnataka.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E406F67FF8D6327A6D2F991FB0481A6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	A. Viraktamath, C.;Shobharani, M.	A. Viraktamath, C., Shobharani, M. (2026): Revision of the penthimiine leafhopper genera Haranga Distant, Malichus Distant and Neodartus Melichar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) of the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 5856 (1): 15-29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5856.1.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5856.1.5
5E406F67FF8F6327A6D2FC62FA06842D.text	5E406F67FF8F6327A6D2FC62FA06842D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haranga Distant 1908	<div><p>Key to species of Haranga Distant (Males)</p><p>[the male of H. decurtata Distant is not known).</p><p>1. Aedeagus symmetrical, without any processes except for spicules (Figs 4F, 4E)................................. 2</p><p>- Aedeagus asymmetrical with lateral processes arising at about midlength of shaft (Xing &amp; Dai 2014: Fig.6, 9) (China)................................................................................ H. biprocessa Xing &amp;Dai</p><p>2. Aedeagal shaft with ventral area expanded near base (Fig. 4F).............................................. 3</p><p>- Aedeagal shaft with ventral area not expanded near base (Figs 3H, 5E)........................................ 4</p><p>3. Aedeagal shaft short and stout, very slightly anteriorly curved (Fig. 4F) (Indian subcontinent)..... H. scutellaris Distant</p><p>- Aedeagal shaft longer, more slender and anteriorly curved (Linnavuori 1977; fig. 18f) (Afrotropical)............................................................................................. H. hesperidum Linnavuori</p><p>4. Aedeagal shaft lateral surface smooth (Fig. 5F).......................................................... 5</p><p>- Aedeagal shaft lateral surface serrated (Figs 3G)......................................................... 6</p><p>5. Aedeagal shaft dorsal surface with two angular short projections basad of midlength, shaft smoothly curved right from base to apex (Fig. 5E) (Borneo)........................................................... H. borneensis Distant</p><p>- Aedeagal shaft dorsal surface smooth without angular projections, shaft curved posterodorsally in basal half then almost straight (Sun &amp; Zhang 2001: fig. 1G) (China)........................................ H. aridgina Sun &amp; Zhang</p><p>6. Style with well-developed preapical lobe (Fig. 3F) (Indian subcontinent)..................... H. orientalis (Walker)</p><p>- Style without preapical lobe (Fig. 4D; Kuoh 1992: fig. 44f) (China)........................... H. maculatus Kuoh</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E406F67FF8F6327A6D2FC62FA06842D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	A. Viraktamath, C.;Shobharani, M.	A. Viraktamath, C., Shobharani, M. (2026): Revision of the penthimiine leafhopper genera Haranga Distant, Malichus Distant and Neodartus Melichar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) of the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 5856 (1): 15-29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5856.1.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5856.1.5
5E406F67FF8F6321A6D2F915FC3F8062.text	5E406F67FF8F6321A6D2F915FC3F8062.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haranga decurtata Distant 1908	<div><p>Haranga decurtata Distant</p><p>(Figs 2A–K)</p><p>Haranga decurtata Distant 1908: 250 .</p><p>Diagnosis. H. decurtata resembles H. orientalis but differs as follows: fore margin of head with transverse striae anterior to carina; mesonotum shorter and not reaching forewing claval apex. In H. decurtata the posterior margin of female sternite VII has a median shallow U-shaped notch with pointed lateral angles (Fig. 2G) whereas in H. orientalis the posterior margin of sternite VII has a median excavation and the lateral margins of the excavation each have a triangular projection (Figs 3I, 3L).</p><p>Description. External structure as described by Distant (1908) with following additions. Black with grey brochosome coating. Body elongate oval. Head in profile angular with transverse striae, prominent transverse carina in front of ocelli, anterolateral margin of vertex angulate anterad of eyes. Clypellus slightly convex with obscure transverse striae, narrowed at base. Labium slightly surpassing fore coxae. Pronotum anteriorly declivous, finely punctate. Mesonotum with transverse striations on anterior half, posterior half with parabolic impression. Body beneath brownish, legs with stout dark brown setae. Female sternite VII 2× as wide as median length, posterior margin medially broadly produced with a median shallow U-shaped notch with pointed lateral angles.</p><p>Measurements: Female 6.6 mm long, head 2.0 mm wide across eyes, 2.9 mm wide across pronotum.</p><p>Material examined: INDIA: 1♀ ‘ Type’ (red disc) ‘ Haranga decurtata Distant type’ ‘ Nilgiris, Hampson’ ‘ Distant coll. 1911-383’ (BMNH). Other material examined : INDIA: Karnataka: 1♀, Jog Falls, 8.v.1976, B. Mallik (UASB) .</p><p>Remarks. This species was described from an unspecified number of specimens with the following data: “Nilgiri Hills (Hampson)”. H. decurtata is known only by the female.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E406F67FF8F6321A6D2F915FC3F8062	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	A. Viraktamath, C.;Shobharani, M.	A. Viraktamath, C., Shobharani, M. (2026): Revision of the penthimiine leafhopper genera Haranga Distant, Malichus Distant and Neodartus Melichar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) of the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 5856 (1): 15-29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5856.1.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5856.1.5
5E406F67FF896323A6D2FD26FD1982FA.text	5E406F67FF896323A6D2FD26FD1982FA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haranga orientalis (Walker 1851)	<div><p>Haranga orientalis (Walker)</p><p>(Figs 3A–P)</p><p>Haranga orientalis (Walker 1851: 841) ( Penthimia); Distant 1908: 249.</p><p>Diagnosis. H. orientalis can be distinguished from other species of Haranga from the subcontinent by the absence of transverse striae across fore margin of head anterad of transverse carina in front of ocelli and by the long mesonotum that almost reaches the forewing claval apex. From H. decurtata it differs in the differently shaped posterior margin of sternite VII and from H. scutellaris in having a well-developed preapical lobe of the style, the aedeagus more slender and the aedeagal shaft with two to three lateral rows of spicules on the posterior half making the lateral margin serrate (Figs 3G, 3H).</p><p>Description. Coloration and external structure as described by Distant (1918) with the following additions. Head in profile rounded without transverse striae in front of transverse carina anterad of ocelli. Crown shiny, with transverse wrinkles on disc, longitudinal wrinkles on lateral sides. Clypellus with median ridge and narrowing at base. Labium surpassing fore coxae. Pronotum long, convex with obscure striae, sparsely punctate. Mesonotum longer than broad almost reaching apex of forewing clavus with median transverse impression, anterior half with indistinct transverse rugae, posterior half convex with median carina, apex paler. Setae on legs reddish-brown, meta femoral setae brown. Female sternite VII 2× broader than long, posterior margin with median excavation, lateral margins of excavation each with triangular projection (Figs 3I, 3L).</p><p>Male genitalia. Style slender, elongate, preapical lobe well-developed, apical apophysis long, finger-like, curved laterally with corrugated surface. Aedeagus tubular with well-developed dorsal apodeme, atrium produced basally, shaft cylindrical and curved posterodorsally, with two to three rows of lateral spicules on posterior half making lateral margin serrated.</p><p>Measurements. Male 8 mm long, head 2.4 mm wide across eyes, 3.6 mm wide across pronotum. Female 8.1 mm long, head 2.5 mm wide across eyes, 3.6 mm wide across pronotum.</p><p>Material examined. INDIA: 1♀ ‘ Type (green disc)’ ‘ H. orientalis, 3612’ (BMNH); 1♂, Sikkim, Tsuntang, 7000 ft, 23.iv.1924, Maj. R.W.G. Hingston (BMNH). Other material examined: INDIA: West Bengal, 2♀, Algarha nr. Kalimpong, 1788m, 7.vi.2005, C.A. Viraktamath (UASB) .</p><p>Remarks. This species was described from an unspecified number of specimens with the following data: “North India. From Mr. Warwick’s collection.” The species is represented in the BMNH by a single female. H. orientalis and H. scutellaris can be distinguished based on the shape of the aedeagus. The aedeagal shaft in H. orientalis has a serrated lateral margins, with two to three lateral rows of spicules posteriorly, whereas in H. scutellaris the aedeagal shaft is broad at the base and abruptly narrowed towards the apex without serrated lateral margins. Distant (1912) considered H. borneensis (Figs 5A–F) from Borneo allied to the Indian species H. orientalis and differentiated the former “by the considerably more acute apex of the face, more strongly wrinkled pronotum”. In addition, they also differ in the structure of the male genitalia (compare Figs 3F–H and Figs 5C–F) as indicated in the key. H. orientalis differs from all other species of Haranga in having a well-developed preapical lobe of the style in male genitalia. In the remaining species where males are known the preapical lobe is not developed and the fore margin of the head in front of the carina across ocelli is smooth (devoid of any striae) which is not the case in other species of Haranga for which this character has been described.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E406F67FF896323A6D2FD26FD1982FA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	A. Viraktamath, C.;Shobharani, M.	A. Viraktamath, C., Shobharani, M. (2026): Revision of the penthimiine leafhopper genera Haranga Distant, Malichus Distant and Neodartus Melichar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) of the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 5856 (1): 15-29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5856.1.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5856.1.5
5E406F67FF8B6323A6D2FEDEFC3B862C.text	5E406F67FF8B6323A6D2FEDEFC3B862C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haranga scutellaris Distant 1908	<div><p>Haranga scutellaris Distant</p><p>(Figs 4A–F)</p><p>Haranga scutellaris Distant 1908: 249 .</p><p>Diagnosis. H. scutellaris resembles H. orientalis but differs in being smaller and having a shorter mesonotum which does not reach the forewing claval apex, and the fore margin of head anterad of the transverse carina in front of the ocelli is transversely striate (not striate in H. orientalis). The style lacks a preapical lobe and the aedeagus is short and stout compared to that in H. orientalis (also see the key to species).</p><p>Description. Coloration and structure as described by Distant (1918).</p><p>Male genitalia. Subgenital plate without stout setae but with a few hair-like setae in distal half. Style slender, elongate, without preapical lobe, apical apophysis short, finger-like, with corrugated surface. Aedeagus in lateral view stout, dorsal apodeme stout, well-developed; atrium extended basally and longer than dorsal apodeme; shaft broad at base, abruptly narrowed towards apex, slightly curved dorsally with serrated lateral margin; gonopore apical.</p><p>Measurements: Male 7.6 mm long, 1.6 mm wide across eyes, 3.1 mm wide across pronotum. Female 6.4 mm long, head 2.1 mm wide across eyes, 2.9 mm wide across posterolateral angles of pronotum.</p><p>Material examined. INDIA: Assam, LECTOTYPE ♂, Margherita, ‘ Distant coll. 1911-383’, here designated (BMNH).</p><p>Remarks. This species was described from an unspecified number of specimens with the following data: “Assam; Margherita (Coll. Dist.). Ceylon; Kandy (Green)” (BMNH).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E406F67FF8B6323A6D2FEDEFC3B862C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	A. Viraktamath, C.;Shobharani, M.	A. Viraktamath, C., Shobharani, M. (2026): Revision of the penthimiine leafhopper genera Haranga Distant, Malichus Distant and Neodartus Melichar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) of the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 5856 (1): 15-29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5856.1.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5856.1.5
5E406F67FF8B6323A6D2FB14FE068565.text	5E406F67FF8B6323A6D2FB14FE068565.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Malichus Distant 1918	<div><p>Genus Malichus Distant</p><p>Malichus Distant 1918: 24 .</p><p>Type species: Malichus capitatus Distant, by original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis. Genus Malichus is similar to Tambila Distant, from which it differs in having the head foliaceous and the crown as long as the pronotum.</p><p>Description. Ochraceous with brown irroration, a spot on either side of median line on crown pinkish. Body beneath and legs more or less yellowish with bases of femora black.</p><p>Crown large, spatulate, as long as pronotum, extending laterally beyond anterior 0.33 outer margin of eyes; more or less straight in front of eyes then curved inwards to form more or less parabolic anterior margin, about 0.7× as long medially as wide between eyes. Ocelli on crown close to anterior margin and lateral frontal sutures reaching ocelli. Pronotum anterior margin slightly convex, posterior margin almost straight, about 1.1× wider than head across eyes and 2.5× as wide as long medially, lateral margins diverging posteriorly but convex. Mesonotum longer than median length of pronotum and with broad base almost 0.75× as wide basally as the maximum width of pronotum. Forewing broad, distinctly widened near midlength, with one or two accessary cross veins dividing apical and or subapical cells, appendix large, not extended beyond second apical cell.</p><p>Remarks. The genus may be recognized as follows: crown foliaceous, as long as median length of pronotum; forewing appendix large but not extended beyond second apical cell, (as in Uzelina; Fig. 1K). The male of the genus is not known and hence its relationship with other genera remains unknown. The species is represented by only one female type from Sri Lanka. There are however, more specimens of this genus from Sulawesi in the BMNH (M.D. Webb, pers. commun.).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E406F67FF8B6323A6D2FB14FE068565	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	A. Viraktamath, C.;Shobharani, M.	A. Viraktamath, C., Shobharani, M. (2026): Revision of the penthimiine leafhopper genera Haranga Distant, Malichus Distant and Neodartus Melichar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) of the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 5856 (1): 15-29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5856.1.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5856.1.5
5E406F67FF85632DA6D2FF02FE0B80CB.text	5E406F67FF85632DA6D2FF02FE0B80CB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Malichus capitatus Distant 1918	<div><p>Malichus capitatus Distant</p><p>(Fig. 6A)</p><p>Malichus capitatus Distant 1918: 25, fig. 10.</p><p>Diagnosis. Crown foliaceous, as long as pronotum medially, extending laterally beyond outer margins of anterior 0.33 of eyes in dorsal view. Face with frontoclypeus and clypellus black.</p><p>Description. Coloration as described by Distant (1918) with following additions. Spots on spatulate vertex very faint and light brown. Structure as in generic description.</p><p>Measurements. Female 5.8 mm long, 2.1 mm wide across eyes; 2.3 mm wide across hind margin of pronotum.</p><p>Material examined: SRI LANKA: 1♀ ’ Type H. T’. ‘ Malichus capitatus Dist. Type’. ‘Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, ix.1911 ’ ‘Sri Lanka, J. C. F. Fryer 1914–3’ (BMNH) .</p><p>Remarks: This species was described from an unspecified number of specimens with the following data: “ Ceylon; Peradeniya (Bainbrigge Fletcher—Pusa Coll .)”. This species has a very distinctive facial color: “face reddish-ochraceous, broadly apically ochraceous, and submarginally broadly black, the clypeus [clypellus] also black” (Distant 1918).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E406F67FF85632DA6D2FF02FE0B80CB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	A. Viraktamath, C.;Shobharani, M.	A. Viraktamath, C., Shobharani, M. (2026): Revision of the penthimiine leafhopper genera Haranga Distant, Malichus Distant and Neodartus Melichar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) of the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 5856 (1): 15-29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5856.1.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5856.1.5
5E406F67FF85632DA6D2FC8CFF7185F5.text	5E406F67FF85632DA6D2FC8CFF7185F5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neodartus Melichar 1903	<div><p>Genus Neodartus Melichar</p><p>Neodartus Melichar 1903: 162–163 .</p><p>Type species: Neodartus acocephaloides Melichar, by monotypy.</p><p>Diagnosis. The sharply angled head fore margin with ocelli on the fore margin close to the eyes distinguish this genus from all other genera of Penthimiini in the Oriental region.</p><p>Description. Body sparsely covered with fine short recumbent setae. Head narrower than pronotum, flat, broadly parabolic, anterior margin rimmed with three carinae. Crown about half as long as distance between eyes. Ocelli located on marginal rim of crown, placed at a distance greater than twice own diameter from adjacent eyes. Entire face with transverse obscure striations. Frontoclypeus convex. Clypellus narrow at base with median ridge. Lateral frontal suture reaching antennal pits. Antennal ledge well-developed. Labium almost reaching mid coxae. Lorum flat. Pronotum declivous anteriorly, lateral margins divergent posteriorly, somewhat convex, disc transversely rugose, about 2.5 (in female) to 3× (in male) as wide as long, anterior margin slightly convex and posterior margin concave medially. Mesonotum longer thn pronotum. Forewing covering entire abdomen, with five apical and three subapical cells, claval veins joined by cross vein,, appendix extended around the wing apex but not extended beyond second apical cell. Meta femora with 2+2+1distal macrosetae, meta tibia with one macrosetae between 2–3 much smaller setae on posterodorsal (PD) row, one small seta between two macrosetae on anterodorsal (AD) row, metabasitarsomere with three platellae.</p><p>Male pygofer depressed with posterior submarginal rows of stout setae (Fig. 7A), posteroventral angle blunt, ventral margin sinuate. Subgenital plate triangular, lateral margin slightly convex in basal half. Connective Y-shaped. Style sinuate, preapical lobe absent, apical apophysis slender curved laterally, body of style slender. Aedeagus with dorsal apodeme well-developed, preatrium short plate like, shaft broadest at mid length; gonopore large, apical, on ventral surface. Female sternite VII broad; valvula I dorsal sculpturing concatenate, position of dorsal sculpturing marginal occupying distal 0.6 length, valve strongly tapered distally (Figs 7H, 7I); valvula II with toothed area occupying more than half apical length, teeth large, prominent with secondary dentition, with a hyaline area preceding toothed area (Figs 7J, 7K).</p><p>Remarks. Neodartus Melichar is very distinct compared to other genera of Penthimiini and can be easily recognized by the presence of the ocelli on the marginal rim of the vertex (Distant, 1908, 1918; Evans 1972; Linnavuori, 1977). Distant (1908, 1918) reported three species from the Indian subcontinent, N. acocephaloides, N. scutellatus, N. rufopunctatus . In Shobharani et al. (2018a), N. scutellatus and N. rufopunctatus were transferred to the genus Penthimia, thus at present N. acocephaloides is the only species under this genus in the entire Oriental region. Another species from China listed under this genus, Neodartus mokanshanensis Ôuchi probably belongs to the genus Penthimia according to information provided in its original description. Based on available host plant data, N. acocephaloides is the most polyphagous species of Penthimiini in the Oriental region (see below under host plants).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E406F67FF85632DA6D2FC8CFF7185F5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	A. Viraktamath, C.;Shobharani, M.	A. Viraktamath, C., Shobharani, M. (2026): Revision of the penthimiine leafhopper genera Haranga Distant, Malichus Distant and Neodartus Melichar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) of the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 5856 (1): 15-29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5856.1.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5856.1.5
5E406F67FF806328A6D2FF02FD5D85B7.text	5E406F67FF806328A6D2FF02FD5D85B7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neodartus acocephaloides Melichar	<div><p>Neodartus acocephaloides Melichar</p><p>(Figs 6B–G, 7A–K)</p><p>Neodartus acocephaloides Melichar 1903: 163 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Ocelli on fore marginal rim close to eye (Fig. 1E) and a series of white spots across folded forewing at midlength (Figs 6B, 6C, 6E, 6F) distinguish this species from other species of Penthimiini in the subcontinent.</p><p>Description. Black, covered with sparsely distributed setae. Mesonotum with ivory spot at middle of lateral margin, at tip of mesoscutellum. Forewing either black or brown, thickly spotted with yellowish white with slight tinge of brown, apex grayish white, claval area with two cross veins between outer claval vein and claval suture. Female sternite VII twice as wide as long medially, posterior margin medially produced into a short lobe (Fig. 7G). Other characters as in the generic description.</p><p>Male genitalia: Connective with stem broad, twice as long as arm. Aedeagal shaft in lateral aspect of uniform width, apex obliquely truncate. Other characters as in generic description.</p><p>Female genitalia. Ovipositor slightly surpassing pygofer (Fig. 6G). Valvulae as described under generic description (Figs 7H–K).</p><p>Measurements: Male 3.5 mm long, 1.3 mm wide across eyes, 1.5 mm wide across pronotum. Female 3.9 mm long, head 1.5 mm wide across eyes, 1.7 mm wide across pronotum.</p><p>Material examined. INDIA: Karnataka, 1♂, 2♀, Bagalkot, 22.x.1979, C.A. Viraktamath; 2♀, Bangalore, 21.iv.1974,C.A.Viraktamath; 1♀,Bangalore,30.iv.976,B.Mallik; 3♂, 1♀,Bangalore, 20.vi.1977,S.Viraktamath; 1♀, Bangalore, 20.xi.1977, A.R.V. Kumar; 1♂, 1♀, Bangalore, 22.vi.1980, A.R.V. Kumar; 3♂, 1♀, Bangalore, GKVK, 14.viii.1982, H.V.A. Murthy; 3♂, 3♀, Bangalore, GKVK, 5.iii.2005, Shobharani, M; 1♂, 19.iii.2005, Shobharani, M; 1♂, 14.v.2005, Shobharani, M; 1♂, 1♀, 22.ix.2005, Shobharani, M; 7♂, 3♀, 15.x.2005, Shobharani, M; 1♂, 1♀, 1.v.2006, Shobharani, M; 2♂, 28.x.2006,Girish, K. S; 1♂, 1♀, 3.x.2006, Shobharani, M; 2♂, 14.vii.1982, H. V. A. Murthy; 1♂, Bangalore, Lalbagh, 12.x.1982, H.V.A. Murthy; 1♂, Mysore, St. Bangalore, 4.viii.1974, C.A. Viraktamath; 1♀, Mysore, St. Bangalore, 28.iii.1975, C.A. Viraktamath; 1♀, Chikkaballapura, 14.iv.1977, C. A. Viraktamath; 1♂, Bannerghatta park, 12.ix.1976, B. Mallik; 1♀, Chikkaballapura, 17.iii.1977, C.A. Viraktamath; 1♀, Chikkaballapura, 8.viii.2006, ex Calotropis, Shobharani, M; 1♂, 1♀, Chitradurga, 4.xi.2005,Shobharani, M; 1♂, Ag. Coll, Dharwar, 25.vii.1972, C.A. Viraktamath; 1♀, Ag. Coll, Dharwar, 31.vii.72, C.A. Viraktamath; 1♂, Gadag, 21.ii.1978, C.A. Viraktamath; 1♂,Gulbarga, 9.ix.1980, A.R.V. Kumar; 2♀, Gulbarga, 11.ix.1980, A.R.V. Kumar; 1♂, Gulbarga, 21.xi.1980, A.R.V. Kumar; 1♂, Halebid-Belur, 11.xi.1978, C.A. Viraktamath; 1♂, 1♀, Hiriyur, 13.viii.1978, A.R.V. Kumar; 3♀, 12 Km N W Hoskote, 10.vi.1977, C.A. Viraktamath; 3♂, 4♀, Hoskote, 6.vii.2005, C.A. Viraktamath; 2♂, 1♀, 15 Km N E Ilkalgad, 19.xii.1974, Ghorpade; 1♀, 15 Km N E Ilkalgad, 17.ii.1977, Ghorpade; 1♂, 5 Km S of Kolar, 12.iv.1977, C. A. Viraktamath; 1♀, 9 Km S E of Magadi, 16.vii.1977, C. A. Viraktamath; 1♂, Nandi Hills, 1467m, 3.vii.1977, S. Viraktamath; Nandi Hills, 1467m, 26.i.1979, S. Viraktamath; 2♀, Raichur, 18.xi.1978, C.A. Viraktamath; 3♀, Raichur, 24.viii.1982, S. Viraktamath 1♂, Raichur, 30.viii.1982, S. Viraktamath; 2♂, Raichur, 14.ix.1982, S. Viraktamath; 1♂, Raichur, 22.iii.1983, S. Viraktamath; 1♂, 5 Km N Sira, 5.viii.1980, A.R.V. Kumar; 1♂, 20 Km N of Yelburga, 22.xii.1974, Ghorpade; Andhra Pradesh: 1♂, 3♀, Lam Farm Nr. Guntur, 13.xii.2006, Shobharani, M; Delhi: 1♀, IARI, 23.iv.1975, C.A. Viraktamath; Delhi, 1♂, IARI, 4.x.1980, C.A. Viraktamath. Gujarat: 1♂, 1♀, Dandi, Navsari, 16.i.1981, C.A. Viraktamath; 1♂, Ahmedabad, 27.i.1981, S. Viraktamath; 3♂, 1♀, Junagadh, 28.i.1981, C.A. Viraktamath; 1♂, Sasan, Gir, 1.ii.1981, S. Viraktamath; Himachal Pradesh: 1♀, 5 Km N of Kalka, 2.x.1980, C. A. Viraktamath; Kerala: 1♂, Walayar, 15.viii.1979, S. Viraktamath; 1♂, Calicut, 17.x.1976, B. Mallik; Maharashtra: 1♂, Nagpur, xi.1914, C.S. Misra, R-6276 (NPC). Orissa: Bhubaneshwar, 27.vii.1992, P.C. Dash. Pondicherry: 1♂, Mahé, 15.ix, 1979, A.R.V. Kumar. Sikkim: 1♀, Singtam, 30.x.1981, C.A. Viraktamath (UASB); INDIA: Singara, 2♂, 1♀, Nilgiri Hills, (3400 ft.), v-1954, Coll . R. I. Sc. N. B., P.S. Nathan, det. Viraktamath (IRSNB); 1♂, Malabar: Walayar Forests (1000 ft.), x-1956, Coll . R. I. Sc. N. B., P.S. Nathan, det. Viraktamath (IRSNB).</p><p>Remarks This species was described from one female specimen with the following data: “Peradeniya März 1902 1 examplar ♀ von Dr. Uzelerbentet. Puttalam, Negombo, Anuradhapura (Museum in Budapest)”. Coloration of this species varies. The body is covered with sparsely distributed hairlike setae. This is the only species of the genus Neodartus known from the Oriental region.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E406F67FF806328A6D2FF02FD5D85B7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	A. Viraktamath, C.;Shobharani, M.	A. Viraktamath, C., Shobharani, M. (2026): Revision of the penthimiine leafhopper genera Haranga Distant, Malichus Distant and Neodartus Melichar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) of the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 5856 (1): 15-29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5856.1.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5856.1.5
