identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
7C4161B2EEB05CD1908FE9F101E175EE.text	7C4161B2EEB05CD1908FE9F101E175EE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cercomacra cinerascens (Sclater 1857)	<div><p>Cercomacra cinerascens (Sclater, 1857)</p><p>Formicivora cinerascens (partim) Sclater, 1857: 131.</p><p>Formicivora caerulescens [non Myrmothera caerulescens Vieillot, 1817, non Formicivora caerulescens Ménétriès, 1835] – Sclater (1854: 112).</p><p>Cercomacra cinerascens (partim) – Sclater (1858: 245).</p><p>Cercomacra napensis Sclater, 1868: 572 .</p><p>Cercomacra sclateri (partim) [non Cercomacra sclateri Hellmayr, 1905] – Hellmayr (1905: 288).</p><p>Cercomacra sclateri [non Cercomacra sclateri Hellmayr, 1905] – Chapman (1917: 380).</p><p>Cercomacra cinerascens immaculata Chubb, 1918: 84 .</p><p>Cercomacra cinerascens cinerascens – Zimmer (1932: 20).</p><p>Lectotype.</p><p>BMHN 55.12.17.72. Male .</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Margins of the Napo River, Ecuador.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The taxon is diagnosable by its light gray males (gray N / 5) and olive yellow females (olive yellow 2.5 Y 6 / 8). They lack (or they are reduced) wide fimbriae and white tail tips; the interscapular patch is very reduced or missing, and the under-wing coverts are the same color as the belly (gray N / 5) (Fig. S 6). These features are combined with a loudsong which is a disyllabic series of repeated and intercalated clear and raspy notes, similar to that of C. iterata stat. nov.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>This species of northern Amazonia is confined to the south by the Pastaza-Marañon-Solimões-Amazon Rivers and to the north by the boundary of the Amazon rainforest, including the Orinoco River in Venezuela. It appears to be absent from the Colombian Llanos.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>It differs from the southern counterparts by the lighter overall coloration of females and males, absence of white fimbriae, tail tips and interscapular patch, in addition to having significant, although overlapping, shorter tail length (compared to iterata), tail tip (compared to the four southern species) and wing chord (compared to the four southern species, except for iterata) in females. Males cinerascens are larger than the other southern species in almost all measurements (Table SS 4). Most vocal features differed significantly (with overlap) between cinerascens and the southern species, except for iterata (Table S 7). Some females show gray on the rump, which seems to be a preparation artifact. We synonymized C. c. immaculata Chubb, 1918 with the nominotypical form because they are indistinguishable in both plumage and vocalizations. Additionally, the syntypes of C. c. immaculata (BNHM 1922.3. 5.2163, 1922.3. 5.2164, 1922.3. 5.2165, 1922.3. 5.2166) display features the author identified as diagnostic, such as the absence of the interscapular patch (Chubb 1918: 84). This feature is seen in all male specimens from Óbidos in the CMNH collection, for example. Young males with female-like plumage have longer tail with smaller, paler tips; their shape is also thinner and more pointed.</p><p>The following four species unquestionably belong to the southern populations because they have darker gray males (very dark gray N / 3) and darker yellow females (olive 5 Y 4 / 4). Both sexes exhibit prominent white (white N 8 /) fimbriae, an interscapular patch, and wide (&gt; 3.5 mm) tail tips. No consistent differences were found in the southern female plumage, although some individuals of C. sclateri displayed a gray crissum (very dark gray N / 3), contrasting with the yellowish back of certain females of C. iterata stat. nov. However, they are clearly different in their vocalizations.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7C4161B2EEB05CD1908FE9F101E175EE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Cavarzere, Vagner;Breviglieri, Enrico L.;Silveira, Luís F.	Cavarzere, Vagner, Breviglieri, Enrico L., Silveira, Luís F. (2026): Integrative taxonomy of the Cercomacra cinerascens species complex with description of two new species (Aves: Thamnophilidae). Vertebrate Zoology 76: 73-91, DOI: 10.3897/vz.76.e171834
36DD716B6BD45424820D60A5AE2913AC.text	36DD716B6BD45424820D60A5AE2913AC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cercomacra iterata Zimmer 1932	<div><p>Cercomacra iterata Zimmer, 1932 stat. nov.</p><p>Cercomacra cinerascens iterata (partim) Zimmer, 1932: 19.</p><p>Cercomacra sclateri (partim) [non Cercomacra sclateri Hellmayr, 1905] – Hellmayr (1905: 288).</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>AMNH 286595. Female .</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Caxiricatuba, Rio Tapajoz, Brazil.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Identified as the southern Amazonian light gray morphotype with a loudsong typically consisting of compound disyllabic phrases with intercalated clear and raspy notes, similar to C cinerascens ’ loudsong.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Endemic to Brazil, this species occurs south of the Amazon River, on the right bank of the Tapajos River, east to Turiaçu, northeastern Pará, and east to the Tocantins River in Imperatriz, Maranhão.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Both sexes resemble the other three southern species and cannot be distinguished by morphology alone but are readily distinguished from the overall lighter C. cinerascens . Females show significantly larger tail length and tail tips compared to C. cinerascens, while males are also larger in those measurements as well as in culmen, tarsus and wing compared to the same species. Females also show significantly narrower tail tips compared to C. raucisona sp. nov. Males are significantly larger in all measurements compared to C. cinerascens, and show larger tarsus compared to C. mura sp. nov. and larger wings compared to C. raucisona sp. nov. (Fig. S 6). All measurements overlap. Significant vocal features differ compared to all species, except for C. cinerascens (Table S 7). Some males have a grayer back (MCZ 134866), although this falls within the normal variation seen in larger series. Females display a range of orange tones and can be as dark or darker (MCZ 134865) than their own holotype. A male and a female collected at the Arauepa Lake, on the right bank of the Tapajos River, Pará (LACM 32005, 32006), has white on the edges of their flight feathers, a feature not observed in any other individual, indicating a rare individual plumage variation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/36DD716B6BD45424820D60A5AE2913AC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Cavarzere, Vagner;Breviglieri, Enrico L.;Silveira, Luís F.	Cavarzere, Vagner, Breviglieri, Enrico L., Silveira, Luís F. (2026): Integrative taxonomy of the Cercomacra cinerascens species complex with description of two new species (Aves: Thamnophilidae). Vertebrate Zoology 76: 73-91, DOI: 10.3897/vz.76.e171834
8FF41B373E1B55E8BB7AE044D04C3FCE.text	8FF41B373E1B55E8BB7AE044D04C3FCE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cercomacra mura Cavarzere & Breviglieri & Silveira 2026	<div><p>Cercomacra mura sp. nov.</p><p>Cercomacra sclateri [non Cercomacra sclateri Hellmayr, 1905] – Snethlage (1908: 17).</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>MZUSP 109107. Male collected on 25 May 2011. Collected by a team of ornithologists of the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo. Tissue MZUSP J 1299 .</p><p>Type locality.</p><p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.44028&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.634167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.44028/lat -9.634167)">Trail 9, left bank of Rio Madeira</a>, Abunã, Rondônia, Brazil (9°38’3”S; 65°26’25”W).</p><p>Paratypes.</p><p>MZUSP 109108. Male collected on 31 October 2011 at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.44028&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.634167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.44028/lat -9.634167)">trail 9, left bank of Rio Madeira</a>, Abunã, Rondônia, Brazil (9°38’3”S; 65°26’25”W) . MZUSP 23406. Female collected on 10 June 1936 at João Pessoa, Rio Juruá, Amazonas, Brazil .</p><p>Description of the holotype.</p><p>A typical dark gray morphotype, mainly dark gray overall, except for the white interscapular patch on the back, fimbriae on the wings, and wider tail tips. The bill is black, measuring 12.58 mm in length and 5.87 mm in width. The bill height cannot be measured as it is slightly open. Wing chord = 63.78 mm, tail length = 61.86 mm, and tarsus, which is grayish black, measures 20.36 mm. Total length = 160 mm, weight = 15 g. Iris and tarsus gray and black beak. Gonads measured 5 × 3 mm.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The taxon is identified by a loudsong consisting of phrases that begin with consecutive raspy notes. A single recording (3 % of the total) lacked this diagnostic trait but still falls within our ≥ 95 % diagnosability criterion.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name refers to the Mura ethnicity, which inhabits western Amazonia along the Madeira, Amazonas, and Purus Rivers in Brazil, where this new species is primarily found.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>This species ranges from the right bank of the Ucayali and Tambo Rivers east to the Madeira River, and south of the Marañon-Solimões-Amazon Rivers.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>It can be distinguished based on overall plumage from the lighter C cinerascens. Regarding the morphometrics, females are significantly larger in tail tip and wing chord compared to C. cinerascens, with males also differing significantly in tail length, tail tip, and wing chord from that species. Males also display a significantly shorter culmen than C. sclateri and a significant shorter tarsus than C. iterata stat. nov., but these measurements overlap among populations. Vocal features differ significantly from some species (Table S 7), but they all overlap. Although the literature has treated this taxon as C. sclateri (Cavarzere et al. 2012; Zimmer and Isler 2003), its vocal diagnosis is now demonstrated. Since the type locality of C. sclateri is Chyavetas (a misspelling of Chayauitas), Peru, on the left bank of the Ucayali River, this population lacked an available name.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8FF41B373E1B55E8BB7AE044D04C3FCE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Cavarzere, Vagner;Breviglieri, Enrico L.;Silveira, Luís F.	Cavarzere, Vagner, Breviglieri, Enrico L., Silveira, Luís F. (2026): Integrative taxonomy of the Cercomacra cinerascens species complex with description of two new species (Aves: Thamnophilidae). Vertebrate Zoology 76: 73-91, DOI: 10.3897/vz.76.e171834
CC9DA1797BC75E3EBDCEC5D154FEAC24.text	CC9DA1797BC75E3EBDCEC5D154FEAC24.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cercomacra raucisona Cavarzere & Breviglieri & Silveira 2026	<div><p>Cercomacra raucisona sp. nov.</p><p>Cercomacra caerulescens [non Formicivora caerulescens Ménétries, 1835] – Pelzeln (1868: 84).</p><p>Cercomacra sclateri (partim) [non Cercomacra sclateri Hellmayr, 1905] – (Hellmayr 1905: 288).</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>MZUSP 107661. Male collected on 8 July 2016. Recorded by Bret M. Whitney (25674-75) and prepared by C. Gregory Schmitt. Tissue LSUMZ B-90-017 .</p><p>Type locality.</p><p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-59.350555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.202222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -59.350555/lat -9.202222)">Right bank Rio Aripuanã, base 3</a>, Floresta / Santa Maria, Colniza, Mato Grosso, Brasil (9°12’08”S; 59°21’02”W).</p><p>Paratypes.</p><p>MZUSP 97410. Male collected on 26 June 2013 on the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-59.078888&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.7555556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -59.078888/lat -6.7555556)">left bank of Rio Sucunduri</a>, 5, 6 km below da BR- 230, Bato I, Amazonas, Brasil (6°45’20”S; 59°4’44”W) ; MZUSP 961000. Female collected on 29 July 2012 at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-59.174446&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.9505553" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -59.174446/lat -5.9505553)">left bank of Rio Sucunduri</a>, above Ilha do Castanho, Amazonas, Brasil (5°57’02”S; 59°10’28”W) .</p><p>Description of the holotype.</p><p>A typical dark gray morphotype, overall dark gray except for the white interscapular patch on the back, fimbriae on the wings, and wider tail tips. The bill is black, measuring 11.15 mm long, 5.25 mm wide, and 4.85 mm high. Wing chord = 65.15 mm, tail length = 71.45 mm, and the tarsus, which is grayish black, measures 20.20 mm. Total length = 158 mm, weight = 16.5 g. Iris brown, upper maxilla black and tomium black, lower maxilla gray. Tarsus also gray. Skull 100 % ossified, and absence of body fat or bursae. Left testis measured 2 × 2 mm.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The taxon is identified by the unique disyllabic phrases with exclusively raspy notes, distinguishing this loudsong from the other four species, with no overlapping ranges of the number and proportion of raspy notes.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>From the Latin raucus, meaning raspy, hoarse, and sonus, sound. The species’ specific name reflects its vocal distinctive feature, characterized by a loudsong composed of disyllabic phrases exclusively composed of raspy notes.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>It is found in the Madeira-Tapajos interfluve, south of the Amazon River. Its presence in the mid Beni River, Bolivia, shows that this river does not separate the species’ vocalizations, as recordings from the right bank of the Beni River (and from both banks of the Madre de Dios River) clearly belong to C. mura sp. nov. We suggest the Mamoré River as the western limit of this species, which extends eastward to the left bank of the Tapajós and Teles Pires Rivers in the states of Mato Grosso and Pará, central Brazil.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>It differs in overall plumage from C. cinerascens, which is lighter. Although there is some overlap, females have significantly larger tail tips (compared to C. cinerascens and C. iterata stat. nov.) and wings (compared to C. cinerascens); males have significantly larger tail tips than C. cinerascens (Fig. S 6). Several significant differences among species occur in vocal features (Table S 7), but they overlap.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC9DA1797BC75E3EBDCEC5D154FEAC24	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Cavarzere, Vagner;Breviglieri, Enrico L.;Silveira, Luís F.	Cavarzere, Vagner, Breviglieri, Enrico L., Silveira, Luís F. (2026): Integrative taxonomy of the Cercomacra cinerascens species complex with description of two new species (Aves: Thamnophilidae). Vertebrate Zoology 76: 73-91, DOI: 10.3897/vz.76.e171834
850290171DD65B7EBBCA1F080E922E54.text	850290171DD65B7EBBCA1F080E922E54.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cercomacra sclateri Hellmayr 1905	<div><p>Cercomacra sclateri Hellmayr, 1905</p><p>Cercomacra sclateri (partim) Hellmayr, 1905: 288.</p><p>Formicivora cinerascens (partim) [non Formicivora cinerascens Sclater, 1857] – Sclater (1857: 131).</p><p>Cercomacra cinerascens (partim) [non Formicivora cinerascens Sclater, 1857] – Sclater (1858: 245).</p><p>Cercomacra caerulescens (partim) [non Myrmothera caerulescens Vieillot, 1817, non Formicivora caerulescens Ménétriès, 1835] – Pelzeln (1868: 84).</p><p>Cercomacra cinerascens sclateri – Zimmer (1932: 17).</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>AMNH 491022. Male .</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Chyavetas (a misspelling of Chayauitas), E. Peru.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The distinctive loudsong of this taxon consists of raspy-clear one-note phrases, which does not overlap in note duration, pace or the proportion of raspy notes with the other four species.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>This species is limited to the west by the Andes (up to 1067 m, ANSP 11741) and extends east to the left bank of the Ucayali River in southwestern Amazonia. It is found between the Pastaza and Marañon Rivers (on the Ecuador-Peru border) and on the south bank of the latter river, extending south to the Tambo River Valley.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>It can be identified by its darker gray males (very dark gray N / 3) and dark yellow females (olive 5 Y 4 / 4). Morphologically, it differs from C. cinerascens, which is overall lighter. It is also significantly larger than the latter in tail tips and wing chord (females), and in culmen, tail length, and tail tip (males) – with overlapping values (Fig. S 6). Both sexes of this species have white on the inner wing coverts, but this is a variable characteristic found, for example, in individuals from Puerto Yessup, Peru (ANSP 92207), and Teoponte, Bolivia (ANSP 120230). It is absent in individuals collected at the Pithecia Biological Station, south of the Marañon River, in Peru (ANSP 177795). We assume that specimens with an obvious interscapular patch, fimbriae, and wide tail tips collected north of the Marañon River belong to this population because specimens collected north of the Pastaza River but south of the Napo River do not show these features and are identified as C. cinerascens . Likewise, specimen BNHM 89.7-10.540, a female collected in Sarayacu, Ecuador, clearly belongs to C. cinerascens . This suggests that the southern boundary of C. cinerascens is the left bank of the Pastaza River, while the northern boundary of C. sclateri is its right bank. A possible contact zone between these species may exist in the headwaters of the upper Pastaza River.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/850290171DD65B7EBBCA1F080E922E54	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Cavarzere, Vagner;Breviglieri, Enrico L.;Silveira, Luís F.	Cavarzere, Vagner, Breviglieri, Enrico L., Silveira, Luís F. (2026): Integrative taxonomy of the Cercomacra cinerascens species complex with description of two new species (Aves: Thamnophilidae). Vertebrate Zoology 76: 73-91, DOI: 10.3897/vz.76.e171834
