taxonID	type	description	language	source
581887DCFF8A170AFCF0FDE501F83A1E.taxon	discussion	The full taxonomic treatment can be consulted in the supplemental information (Data S 2) and is registered as LSID urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: A 9 AC 0 CFC-FB 09 - 41 C 5 - 800 D-ACB 0 E 05737 E 4.	en	Lescroart, Jonas, Nogales-Ascarrunz, Paola, Cassatt-Johnstone, Molly, Bonilla-Sánchez, Alejandra, Sartor, Caroline Charão, Angulo, Fernando, Ramirez, Jorge L., de Oliveira, Larissa Rosa, de Oliveira, Tadeu Gomes, Shapiro, Beth, Aliaga-Rossel, Enzo, Svardal, Hannes, Eizirik, Eduardo (2026): Phylogenomics and museomics reveal five distinct species of tiger cats in South America. Current Biology 36: 1-15, DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2026.08.059, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2026.08.059
581887DCFF8A170AFCF0FDE501F83A1E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: adult, skin and skull (MUSM 9401). Date: 02 - 1995; collector: Pedro Hocking. Type locality. San Juan de Cacazú (1,000 m a. s. l.), province of Oxapampa, department of Pasco, Peru.	en	Lescroart, Jonas, Nogales-Ascarrunz, Paola, Cassatt-Johnstone, Molly, Bonilla-Sánchez, Alejandra, Sartor, Caroline Charão, Angulo, Fernando, Ramirez, Jorge L., de Oliveira, Larissa Rosa, de Oliveira, Tadeu Gomes, Shapiro, Beth, Aliaga-Rossel, Enzo, Svardal, Hannes, Eizirik, Eduardo (2026): Phylogenomics and museomics reveal five distinct species of tiger cats in South America. Current Biology 36: 1-15, DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2026.08.059, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2026.08.059
581887DCFF8A170AFCF0FDE501F83A1E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The subspecific epithet ‘‘ antisuyo’ ’ refers to ‘‘ Antisuyu’ ’ one of the four administrative regions (suyus) of the Inca Empire, which encompassed large proportions of the southern and central Andes. The name reflects the Andean distribution of this subspecies and its occurrence within regions historically included in this territory.	en	Lescroart, Jonas, Nogales-Ascarrunz, Paola, Cassatt-Johnstone, Molly, Bonilla-Sánchez, Alejandra, Sartor, Caroline Charão, Angulo, Fernando, Ramirez, Jorge L., de Oliveira, Larissa Rosa, de Oliveira, Tadeu Gomes, Shapiro, Beth, Aliaga-Rossel, Enzo, Svardal, Hannes, Eizirik, Eduardo (2026): Phylogenomics and museomics reveal five distinct species of tiger cats in South America. Current Biology 36: 1-15, DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2026.08.059, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2026.08.059
581887DCFF8A170AFCF0FDE501F83A1E.taxon	vernacular_names	Vernacular name. In Peru, this cat is called tigrino, oncilla, or gato tigre. In English, we propose the name ‘‘ Antisuyo tiger cat. ’’	en	Lescroart, Jonas, Nogales-Ascarrunz, Paola, Cassatt-Johnstone, Molly, Bonilla-Sánchez, Alejandra, Sartor, Caroline Charão, Angulo, Fernando, Ramirez, Jorge L., de Oliveira, Larissa Rosa, de Oliveira, Tadeu Gomes, Shapiro, Beth, Aliaga-Rossel, Enzo, Svardal, Hannes, Eizirik, Eduardo (2026): Phylogenomics and museomics reveal five distinct species of tiger cats in South America. Current Biology 36: 1-15, DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2026.08.059, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2026.08.059
581887DCFF8A170AFCF0FDE501F83A1E.taxon	vernacular_names	Diagnosis. Leopardus tigrinus antisuyo differs from L. tilcayo by its less bushy tail, the absence of complete rings on the distal proportion of the tail, and its more robust appearance. It differs from L. pardinoides by its shorter pelage, less bushy tail, and more elongated rosettes and spots (see Data S 2). L. t. antisuyo can be distinguished from all other Leopardus taxa by a large number of molecular characters. In the nuclear genome, among the 29,288,951 transversion variants, on average 977,804 sites differentiate L. t. antisuyo and L. t. tigrinus. Likewise, on average 1,392,646 sites differentiate L. t. antisuyo from L. tilcayo, and 1,346,934 sites differentiate L. t. antisuyo from L. pardinoides. For simplicity, we provide a list of diagnostic mitochondrial DNA sites (see Data S 2).	en	Lescroart, Jonas, Nogales-Ascarrunz, Paola, Cassatt-Johnstone, Molly, Bonilla-Sánchez, Alejandra, Sartor, Caroline Charão, Angulo, Fernando, Ramirez, Jorge L., de Oliveira, Larissa Rosa, de Oliveira, Tadeu Gomes, Shapiro, Beth, Aliaga-Rossel, Enzo, Svardal, Hannes, Eizirik, Eduardo (2026): Phylogenomics and museomics reveal five distinct species of tiger cats in South America. Current Biology 36: 1-15, DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2026.08.059, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2026.08.059
581887DCFF8A170AFCF0FDE501F83A1E.taxon	description	Description. L. t. antisuyo is a small, robust felid with a relatively homogeneous yellowish-brown ground color and a slender tail tapering to a pointed tip. The coat is characterized by narrow, elongated to fusiform spots arranged in oblique bands from the scapular to the inguinal region, with dark margins surrounding a darker brown center. A detailed description is provided in Data S 2.	en	Lescroart, Jonas, Nogales-Ascarrunz, Paola, Cassatt-Johnstone, Molly, Bonilla-Sánchez, Alejandra, Sartor, Caroline Charão, Angulo, Fernando, Ramirez, Jorge L., de Oliveira, Larissa Rosa, de Oliveira, Tadeu Gomes, Shapiro, Beth, Aliaga-Rossel, Enzo, Svardal, Hannes, Eizirik, Eduardo (2026): Phylogenomics and museomics reveal five distinct species of tiger cats in South America. Current Biology 36: 1-15, DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2026.08.059, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2026.08.059
581887DCFF8A170AFF52FBBF072A3F42.taxon	discussion	The full taxonomic treatment can be consulted in the supplemental information (Data S 1) and is registered as Life Science Identifier (LSID) urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: E 91 EB 0 AF- 416 E- 4 B 27 - 97 D 2 - 643 BE 62 DD 936.	en	Lescroart, Jonas, Nogales-Ascarrunz, Paola, Cassatt-Johnstone, Molly, Bonilla-Sánchez, Alejandra, Sartor, Caroline Charão, Angulo, Fernando, Ramirez, Jorge L., de Oliveira, Larissa Rosa, de Oliveira, Tadeu Gomes, Shapiro, Beth, Aliaga-Rossel, Enzo, Svardal, Hannes, Eizirik, Eduardo (2026): Phylogenomics and museomics reveal five distinct species of tiger cats in South America. Current Biology 36: 1-15, DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2026.08.059, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2026.08.059
581887DCFF8A170AFF52FBBF072A3F42.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: CBF- 11990, adult male. Live-captured and held in captivity, genome sequences NCBI SRA accession SRX 30196846. Date: 09 - 2021; collectors: E. Aliaga-Rosel and P. Nogales-Ascarrunz (see Data S 1). Type locality. La Paz, Nor Yungas, near Arapata village (1,570 m above sea level [a. s. l.]), Bolivia. Coordinates: ̅ 16.248594, ̅ 67.634691 (WGS 84).	en	Lescroart, Jonas, Nogales-Ascarrunz, Paola, Cassatt-Johnstone, Molly, Bonilla-Sánchez, Alejandra, Sartor, Caroline Charão, Angulo, Fernando, Ramirez, Jorge L., de Oliveira, Larissa Rosa, de Oliveira, Tadeu Gomes, Shapiro, Beth, Aliaga-Rossel, Enzo, Svardal, Hannes, Eizirik, Eduardo (2026): Phylogenomics and museomics reveal five distinct species of tiger cats in South America. Current Biology 36: 1-15, DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2026.08.059, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2026.08.059
581887DCFF8A170AFF52FBBF072A3F42.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named after the local name ‘‘ tilcayo’ ’ used for this felid, which is widely known in the Bolivian Yungas zone. The name is treated as an unchanged noun in apposition.	en	Lescroart, Jonas, Nogales-Ascarrunz, Paola, Cassatt-Johnstone, Molly, Bonilla-Sánchez, Alejandra, Sartor, Caroline Charão, Angulo, Fernando, Ramirez, Jorge L., de Oliveira, Larissa Rosa, de Oliveira, Tadeu Gomes, Shapiro, Beth, Aliaga-Rossel, Enzo, Svardal, Hannes, Eizirik, Eduardo (2026): Phylogenomics and museomics reveal five distinct species of tiger cats in South America. Current Biology 36: 1-15, DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2026.08.059, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2026.08.059
581887DCFF8A170AFF52FBBF072A3F42.taxon	vernacular_names	Vernacular name. We propose ‘‘ tilcayo’ ’ as the English common name, preserving the traditional local designation in recognition of its cultural and regional relevance.	en	Lescroart, Jonas, Nogales-Ascarrunz, Paola, Cassatt-Johnstone, Molly, Bonilla-Sánchez, Alejandra, Sartor, Caroline Charão, Angulo, Fernando, Ramirez, Jorge L., de Oliveira, Larissa Rosa, de Oliveira, Tadeu Gomes, Shapiro, Beth, Aliaga-Rossel, Enzo, Svardal, Hannes, Eizirik, Eduardo (2026): Phylogenomics and museomics reveal five distinct species of tiger cats in South America. Current Biology 36: 1-15, DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2026.08.059, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2026.08.059
581887DCFF8A170AFF52FBBF072A3F42.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Leopardus tilcayo differs from L. pardinoides by its shorter pelage, lower contrast pattern, more expanded and irregular open rosettes, less bushy tail, and the absence of broad and complete caudal bands (see Data S 1). It differs from L. tigrinus by its larger and more irregular flank markings, longer and fuller tail, and irregular caudal blotches. It differs from L. guttulus by its larger, more heterogeneous markings, lower dorsal contrast, and relatively longer tail. L. tilcayo can be distinguished from other Leopardus taxa by a large number of molecular characters. In the nuclear genome, among the 29,288,951 transversion variants, on average 1,392,646 sites differentiate L. tilcayo from L. t. antisuyo and 1,491,301 sites differentiate L. tilcayo from L. pardinoides. For simplicity we provide a list of diagnostic mitochondrial DNA sites (see Data S 1).	en	Lescroart, Jonas, Nogales-Ascarrunz, Paola, Cassatt-Johnstone, Molly, Bonilla-Sánchez, Alejandra, Sartor, Caroline Charão, Angulo, Fernando, Ramirez, Jorge L., de Oliveira, Larissa Rosa, de Oliveira, Tadeu Gomes, Shapiro, Beth, Aliaga-Rossel, Enzo, Svardal, Hannes, Eizirik, Eduardo (2026): Phylogenomics and museomics reveal five distinct species of tiger cats in South America. Current Biology 36: 1-15, DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2026.08.059, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2026.08.059
581887DCFF8A170AFF52FBBF072A3F42.taxon	description	Description. L. tilcayo is a small felid with a head-body length of 425 – 505 mm and a tail length of 250 – 265 mm. It has a light brown dorsum, darker along the mid-dorsal ridge and paler toward the limbs. The pelage is characterized by relatively large, irregular, dark brown to black rosettes, mostly open or partially closed, on a light brown to beige background. The rosettes do not coalesce. A detailed description is provided in Data S 1.	en	Lescroart, Jonas, Nogales-Ascarrunz, Paola, Cassatt-Johnstone, Molly, Bonilla-Sánchez, Alejandra, Sartor, Caroline Charão, Angulo, Fernando, Ramirez, Jorge L., de Oliveira, Larissa Rosa, de Oliveira, Tadeu Gomes, Shapiro, Beth, Aliaga-Rossel, Enzo, Svardal, Hannes, Eizirik, Eduardo (2026): Phylogenomics and museomics reveal five distinct species of tiger cats in South America. Current Biology 36: 1-15, DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2026.08.059, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2026.08.059
