taxonID	type	description	language	source
586FDC48FFCDFFE0133844307BF2F86B.taxon	description	(Fig. 2)	en	Georgalis, Georgios L., Čerňanský, Andrej, Mayda, Serdar (2021): Late Paleogene herpetofaunas from the crossroads between two continents - new amphibian and reptile remains from the Oligocene of southern Balkans and Anatolia. Comptes Rendus Palevol 20 (15): 253-275, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15
586FDC48FFCDFFE0133844307BF2F86B.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL. — Turkey. Kavakdere: a premaxilla (EUNMH PV 14053) and a left dentary (EUNMH PV 14057).	en	Georgalis, Georgios L., Čerňanský, Andrej, Mayda, Serdar (2021): Late Paleogene herpetofaunas from the crossroads between two continents - new amphibian and reptile remains from the Oligocene of southern Balkans and Anatolia. Comptes Rendus Palevol 20 (15): 253-275, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15
586FDC48FFCDFFE0133844307BF2F86B.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Premaxilla The premaxilla EUNMH PV 14053 is a robustly constructed, paired element (Fig. 2 A, B); the left one is present in the available material (note that Gardner [1999 a] reported that small sized premaxillae are paired, whereas larger are fused, suggesting its later fusion during ontogeny). The nasal process is broad, moderately high. The sculpture in the dorsal portion of the process (dorsal boss) exhibits a pustulate irregular ornamentation. Here, the process is slightly laterally constricted due to a presence of a lateral facet for the nasal. The ventrally located labial portion of the nasal process is rather smooth. This portion is pierced by external nutritive foramina (sensu Gardner 1999 a) of various sizes (in overall, the foramina more or less decrease in size dorsally). The large wedge-shaped facet for maxilla is developed on the labial side of the short maxillary process. The supradental shelf (sensu Rage & Augé 2010) is well-developed. The premaxilla bears seven tooth positions. However, only the first four teeth (counted from median plane) are in better condition. The internal portion of the nasal process base is pierced by a suprapalatal pit (sensu Gardner 2002). This pit is moderate in size, dorsolaterally bordered by internal strut. The suture with the right premaxilla is well visible in posterior aspect. Dentary The left dentary EUNMH PV 14057 is partially preserved (Fig. 2 C-E). The otherwise smooth labial surface of the preserved portion is pierced by two labial foramina. In lingual aspect, the high dental crest supports 17 tooth position (12 teeth are still attached plus two anterior ones have preserved their ventral portions). The Meckel’s groove is closed, only partly exposed in the posterior section of the dentary. The subdental shelf (sensu Rage & Augé 2010) is straight, well medially expanded especially in the anterior section. However, the anterior end of the dentary is broken off and missing. The posterior portion is damaged, but the posterodorsal process (called “ unnamed process ” by Gardner 2002) is preserved directly behind the tooth row, being short, blunt and low (not distinctly dorsally elevated). The rest of the posterior region is broken off and missing. Dentition The tooth implantation is pleurodont. The teeth are conical, not pedicellate. The tooth crowns are smooth and do not contrast with tooth necks. The dentary teeth gradually increase in size anteriorly. The tooth crowns, when are preserved, show some degree of tricuspidity (angulus mesialis and distalis are present). The sizes of inter-dental gaps are roughly half those of the tooth bases. The tooth bases lack resorption pits.	en	Georgalis, Georgios L., Čerňanský, Andrej, Mayda, Serdar (2021): Late Paleogene herpetofaunas from the crossroads between two continents - new amphibian and reptile remains from the Oligocene of southern Balkans and Anatolia. Comptes Rendus Palevol 20 (15): 253-275, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15
586FDC48FFCDFFE0133844307BF2F86B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS The morphology of both Kavakdere specimens fits well with albanerpetontids, a clade of middle Jurassic to early Pleistocene extinct lissamphibians, which were chameleon-like ballistic feeders (seeDaza et al. 2020). They have a mainly documented Laurasian distribution (Gardner 1999 a, 1999 b, 2002; Venczel & Gardner 2005; Delfino & Sala 2007; Matsumoto & Evans 2018; Villa et al. 2018), although it is noted that they are also reported from Morocco as well (Gardner et al. 2003) and finds from the Cretaceous Myanmar amber might also point towards a Gondwanan distribution (see Daza et al. 2020). The new material described herein resembles more particularly the genus Albanerpeton, found in North America and Europe (however, see Discussion). The Kavakdere material represents the first evidence of this extinct clade in Turkey as well as its easternmost European occurrence. More precisely, our material shares two diagnostic characters with the type species of the genus, Albanerpetoninexpectatum (see Gardner 1999 a): 1) a presence of the pustulate ornamentation of the dorsal section of the premaxillary nasal process; and 2) the presence of a small, low posterodorsal process behind the tooth row. The Pliocene Albanerpeton pannonicus Venczel & Gardner, 2005 differs from the new Kavakdere material in, e. g.: 1) nasal process of premaxilla short; 2) short dorsal boss of premaxilla on labial surface occupying about upper one third or less of the nasal process; 3) absence of the posterodorsal process behind the tooth row; and 4) having only weakly heterodont teeth in anterior half of the dentary regarding their size (see Venczel & Gardner 2005; Delfino & Sala 2007).	en	Georgalis, Georgios L., Čerňanský, Andrej, Mayda, Serdar (2021): Late Paleogene herpetofaunas from the crossroads between two continents - new amphibian and reptile remains from the Oligocene of southern Balkans and Anatolia. Comptes Rendus Palevol 20 (15): 253-275, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15
586FDC48FFCFFFE0163145137C56F86C.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL. — Turkey. Kavakdere: a maxilla (EUNMH PV 14059).	en	Georgalis, Georgios L., Čerňanský, Andrej, Mayda, Serdar (2021): Late Paleogene herpetofaunas from the crossroads between two continents - new amphibian and reptile remains from the Oligocene of southern Balkans and Anatolia. Comptes Rendus Palevol 20 (15): 253-275, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15
586FDC48FFCFFFE0160441F77DC1F9AD.taxon	description	(Fig. 3)	en	Georgalis, Georgios L., Čerňanský, Andrej, Mayda, Serdar (2021): Late Paleogene herpetofaunas from the crossroads between two continents - new amphibian and reptile remains from the Oligocene of southern Balkans and Anatolia. Comptes Rendus Palevol 20 (15): 253-275, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15
586FDC48FFCFFFE0160441F77DC1F9AD.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL. — Turkey. Kocayarma: a fragment of a left maxilla (EUNMH PV 14065).	en	Georgalis, Georgios L., Čerňanský, Andrej, Mayda, Serdar (2021): Late Paleogene herpetofaunas from the crossroads between two continents - new amphibian and reptile remains from the Oligocene of southern Balkans and Anatolia. Comptes Rendus Palevol 20 (15): 253-275, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15
586FDC48FFC0FFEF137045737A6CF86B.taxon	description	(Fig. 4)	en	Georgalis, Georgios L., Čerňanský, Andrej, Mayda, Serdar (2021): Late Paleogene herpetofaunas from the crossroads between two continents - new amphibian and reptile remains from the Oligocene of southern Balkans and Anatolia. Comptes Rendus Palevol 20 (15): 253-275, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15
586FDC48FFC0FFEF137045737A6CF86B.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL. — Turkey. Kavakdere: several shell fragments and a limb fragment (EUNMH PV 14088).	en	Georgalis, Georgios L., Čerňanský, Andrej, Mayda, Serdar (2021): Late Paleogene herpetofaunas from the crossroads between two continents - new amphibian and reptile remains from the Oligocene of southern Balkans and Anatolia. Comptes Rendus Palevol 20 (15): 253-275, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15
586FDC48FFC0FFEE161746927A63FD6F.taxon	description	(Fig. 5)	en	Georgalis, Georgios L., Čerňanský, Andrej, Mayda, Serdar (2021): Late Paleogene herpetofaunas from the crossroads between two continents - new amphibian and reptile remains from the Oligocene of southern Balkans and Anatolia. Comptes Rendus Palevol 20 (15): 253-275, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15
586FDC48FFC0FFEE161746927A63FD6F.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL. — Turkey. Kavakdere: an osteoderm (EUNMH PV 14073). Kocayarma: 14 isolated teeth (EUNMH PV 14074 – EUNMH PV 14087). Kargi 2: two teeth (EUNMH PV 14068 and EUNMH PV 14069).	en	Georgalis, Georgios L., Čerňanský, Andrej, Mayda, Serdar (2021): Late Paleogene herpetofaunas from the crossroads between two continents - new amphibian and reptile remains from the Oligocene of southern Balkans and Anatolia. Comptes Rendus Palevol 20 (15): 253-275, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15
586FDC48FFC0FFEE161746927A63FD6F.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Osteoderm The isolated osteoderm EUNMH PV 14073 is relatively large, with a maximum length of 12 mm (Fig. 5 A, B). On its external surface, a prominent longitudinal ridge runs throughout large part of its midline. Large pits of irregular size punctuate its external surface, on both sides of the ridge. Small pits are also present on the internal surface of the specimen. Teeth All teeth are conical; some of them are relatively robust, while others are more slender (Fig. 5 C-J). Their crown varies in pointness, being either pointed or apically blunt. A prominent mesiodistal serration is present in some teeth. These mesiodistal serrations separate the lingual and slightly concave surface from the labial, slightly convex one. Distinct elongated wrinkles are present in most teeth.	en	Georgalis, Georgios L., Čerňanský, Andrej, Mayda, Serdar (2021): Late Paleogene herpetofaunas from the crossroads between two continents - new amphibian and reptile remains from the Oligocene of southern Balkans and Anatolia. Comptes Rendus Palevol 20 (15): 253-275, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15
586FDC48FFC0FFEE161746927A63FD6F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS Crocodylian teeth cannot afford a more precise taxonomic assignment (Georgalis et al. 2016, 2019 a). The same applies for the single isolated osteoderm. On the absence of any diagnostic cranial remains, we therefore have to consider all this material as indeterminate crocodylians. Note also that crocodylian teeth from Kargi 2 have recently been mentioned by Vasilyan et al. (2019), however, they have not been figured.	en	Georgalis, Georgios L., Čerňanský, Andrej, Mayda, Serdar (2021): Late Paleogene herpetofaunas from the crossroads between two continents - new amphibian and reptile remains from the Oligocene of southern Balkans and Anatolia. Comptes Rendus Palevol 20 (15): 253-275, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15
586FDC48FFC1FFED130A40D47D5DF86B.taxon	description	(Figs 6; 7)	en	Georgalis, Georgios L., Čerňanský, Andrej, Mayda, Serdar (2021): Late Paleogene herpetofaunas from the crossroads between two continents - new amphibian and reptile remains from the Oligocene of southern Balkans and Anatolia. Comptes Rendus Palevol 20 (15): 253-275, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15
586FDC48FFC1FFED130A40D47D5DF86B.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL. — Turkey. Kavakdere: a right maxilla (EUNMH PV 14052). Kocayarma: three maxillae (EUNMH PV 14061, EUNMH PV 14064, and EUNMH PV 14066) and a dentary (EUNMH PV 14063).	en	Georgalis, Georgios L., Čerňanský, Andrej, Mayda, Serdar (2021): Late Paleogene herpetofaunas from the crossroads between two continents - new amphibian and reptile remains from the Oligocene of southern Balkans and Anatolia. Comptes Rendus Palevol 20 (15): 253-275, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15
586FDC48FFC1FFED130A40D47D5DF86B.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Maxilla The description is based on several specimens. Specimen EUNMH PV 14052 represents a fragment of a right maxilla (Fig. 6). It is robustly built. The labial surface of this portion is pierced by two supralabial foramina. The nasal process is broken off, only its base is present. The lingual side bears a broad and massive supradental shelf, which is slightly convex dorsally. Five tooth positions are preserved, where four teeth are still attached (Fig. 6 C). The superior alveolar foramen is located at the level of the last posterior preserved tooth. The further posterior portion is damaged and missing in EUNMH PV 14052. This portion is, however, present in the Kocayarma specimen EUNMH PV 14064. In this specimen, the posteroventral process of the maxilla is not stepped, but gradually rises dorsally in anterior direction (Fig. 7 D-E). In labial view, a weak ornamentation is present in the dorsalmost region. This section possesses no foramina. The same specimen bears six tooth positions, where all teeth are still attached. The supradental shelf is partly damaged. The posterior lingual region bears an articulation facet for the jugal on its dorsal side. Dentary An anterior portion of the right dentary is preserved (EUNMH PV 14063). It is a ventrally arched bone, with a slight medial curvature at its anterior end (Fig. 7 G-I). The otherwise smooth labial surface is pierced by a single series of five labial foramina. Meckel’s groove is fully open in lingual view, but rather narrow. It continues to the small rectangular symphysis anteriorly. The subdental shelf is moderately robust in this section and appears to be slightly rounded in cross-section. The dental crest is high, supporting medially 13 tooth positions (four teeth are still attached). The further posterior portion is, however, broken off and missing. Dentition Tooth implantation is pleurodont. The teeth are large, robust and closely spaced. They have bicuspid tooth crowns. There is a triangular dominant cusp and a smaller mesial one (note that in EUNMH PV 14052, the posteriormost preserved tooth has a small inconspicuous distal bulge that can be interpreted as incipient additional cusp). The lingual side of the crowns is slightly flattened. The strong distinct striation here is present mainly in EUNMH PV 14052 (Fig. 6 C). It possesses around 11 diverged distinct striae which incline mesially and distally in ventral direction. The labial surface is smooth. The tooth necks are slightly enlarged lingually. The tooth bases are covered by sediment, but some of them exhibit large circular resorption pits.	en	Georgalis, Georgios L., Čerňanský, Andrej, Mayda, Serdar (2021): Late Paleogene herpetofaunas from the crossroads between two continents - new amphibian and reptile remains from the Oligocene of southern Balkans and Anatolia. Comptes Rendus Palevol 20 (15): 253-275, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15
586FDC48FFC1FFED130A40D47D5DF86B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS This lacertid morphotype is characterized by massively built maxillae. The strongly developed striation of the lingual side of the tooth crowns, as present in the Kavakdere specimen EUNMH PV 14052, is not so distinct in other specimens from the nearby slightly younger locality of Kocayarma (although striation is obviously present in the latter material as well). We interpret this difference to be due to preservation reasons and / or possibly individual and ontogenetic variation or even chronostratigraphic variation (considering that the specimens from the two localities are not absolutely contemporary [allotemporal sensu Smith & Gauthier 2013]). The tooth morphology resembles that in the extant members of the genus Timon Tschudi, 1836, in the following aspects (see Kosma 2004; Čerňanský & Syromyatnikova 2019): 1) teeth are robust; 2) tooth crowns medially flattened; 3) the presence of a distinct striations on the lingual side (the maximum twelve striae is mentioned for Timon pater [Lataste, 1880] by Kosma (2004); 4) striae converge apically; 5) bicuspid teeth have been reported for T. pater by Kosma (2004), where in some specimens, a tendency to tricuspidity can be observed; and 6) large circular resorption pits at the tooth bases. Moreover, the posteroventral process of maxilla is not stepped, which is also a character present in Timon (see Čerňanský & Syromyatnikova 2019). However, caution is needed here, as the interpretation of such small jaw fragments is always tricky. The similarities in dentition can also be interpreted by convergence due to similar diet preferences. Indeed, robust bicuspid teeth together with the not stepped posteroventral process of maxilla, is also present in the European Paleogene taxon Plesiolacerta Hoffstetter, 1942 (Čerňanský & Augé 2013; Čerňanský et al. 2016). This extinct taxon also shares many other characters with the extant Timon (see Čerňanský & Syromyatnikova 2019). The dentary of Plesiolacerta is characterized by the subdental shelf being rounded in cross-section. This feature is difficult to evaluate in EUNMH PV 14063, because only its anterior portion is preserved. In any case, it appears to be rounded as well. The anterior dentary region in both Plesiolacerta and Timon is strongly arched, but this appears to be not so pronounced in EUNMH PV 14063. More complete material is therefore needed to resolve the taxonomy of this Oligocene Turkish lacertid. As such, for now, we decided to allocate this maxilla as Lacertidae indet. (morphotype 1), although some similarities to Plesiolacerta and Timon are obvious.	en	Georgalis, Georgios L., Čerňanský, Andrej, Mayda, Serdar (2021): Late Paleogene herpetofaunas from the crossroads between two continents - new amphibian and reptile remains from the Oligocene of southern Balkans and Anatolia. Comptes Rendus Palevol 20 (15): 253-275, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15
586FDC48FFC3FFEB130A47F57B48FA6D.taxon	description	(Fig. 8)	en	Georgalis, Georgios L., Čerňanský, Andrej, Mayda, Serdar (2021): Late Paleogene herpetofaunas from the crossroads between two continents - new amphibian and reptile remains from the Oligocene of southern Balkans and Anatolia. Comptes Rendus Palevol 20 (15): 253-275, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15
586FDC48FFC3FFEB130A47F57B48FA6D.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL. — Turkey. Kavakdere: a premaxilla (EUNMH PV 14055) and a right maxilla (EUNMH PV 14058).	en	Georgalis, Georgios L., Čerňanský, Andrej, Mayda, Serdar (2021): Late Paleogene herpetofaunas from the crossroads between two continents - new amphibian and reptile remains from the Oligocene of southern Balkans and Anatolia. Comptes Rendus Palevol 20 (15): 253-275, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15
586FDC48FFC3FFEB130A47F57B48FA6D.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Premaxilla The premaxilla EUNMH PV 14055 is a small, triradiate element (Fig. 8 A, B). Unfortunately, it is only partly preserved; the nasal process is broken off, only its ventral portion is preserved. On its labial side, the ethmoidal foramen is located close to the base of the nasal process. The maxillary process is preserved only on the right side. It is rather long and well developed relative to the size of the premaxilla. The incomplete tooth row bears six tooth positions (two teeth are still attached). But based on the better preserved right side and a position of the central tooth (being the 5 th one), the total number of the tooth positions can be estimated as nine. The supradental shelf forms a short incisive process at its mid-region. Maxilla Only a small fragment of the posteriormost portion of the right maxilla (EUNMH PV 14058) is preserved (Fig. 8 C-E). It bears three tooth position (the last posterior tooth is still attached). The lingual portion is largely damaged. The posteroventral process of maxilla appears to be not stepped, but gradually rise dorsally in anterior direction. The labial surface of this portion is smooth. Dentition The dentition in both specimens is pleurodont. In the premaxilla, the complete tooth is only the central one. It is monocuspid and conical. The crown is well-rounded and blunt. The posteriormost maxillary tooth is rather monocuspid as well, although it should be noted that the mesial portion of the crown is slightly bulged. The labial portion of the crown of this tooth is smooth, whereas its lingual side bears a striation. The tooth base is pierced by a large circular resorption pit.	en	Georgalis, Georgios L., Čerňanský, Andrej, Mayda, Serdar (2021): Late Paleogene herpetofaunas from the crossroads between two continents - new amphibian and reptile remains from the Oligocene of southern Balkans and Anatolia. Comptes Rendus Palevol 20 (15): 253-275, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15
586FDC48FFC3FFEB130A47F57B48FA6D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS It is difficult to associate these lacertid fragmentary specimens from Kavakdere with the above described material of Lacertidae indet. (morphotype 1). The premaxilla EUNMH PV 14055 is small, but it might still represent a juvenile individual. The maxilla EUNMH PV 14058 represents only a small fragment, where the posteriormost tooth is preserved. In the extant species Timon lepidus (Daudin, 1802), the posteriormost tooth is smaller than anteriorly located tooth (see Čerňanský & Syromyatnikova 2019: fig. 34). Its tooth crown appears to be monocuspid, although preceding anteriorly located teeth are bicuspid. The same is true for the extinct Plesiolacerta (see Čerňanský & Augé 2013: fig. 7). Moreover, the posteroventral process of the Kavakdere maxilla EUNMH PV 14058 appears to be not stepped as well. In conclusion, these two specimens might represent the same taxon as the material described here as Lacertidae indet. (morphotype 1), however, there is no strong evidence for it due to a bad preservation and variation of these elements. In that case that it represents the same taxon, it shows another character sharing with extant Timon and extinct Plesiolacerta: (1) nine premaxillary teeth, although it should be highlighted that this feature is also present in many other lacertids (see Čerňanský & Syromyatniková 2019). Nevertheless, we provisionally treat this material as pertaining to a different morphotype.	en	Georgalis, Georgios L., Čerňanský, Andrej, Mayda, Serdar (2021): Late Paleogene herpetofaunas from the crossroads between two continents - new amphibian and reptile remains from the Oligocene of southern Balkans and Anatolia. Comptes Rendus Palevol 20 (15): 253-275, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15
586FDC48FFC4FFEB134045137C63F86B.taxon	description	(Fig. 9)	en	Georgalis, Georgios L., Čerňanský, Andrej, Mayda, Serdar (2021): Late Paleogene herpetofaunas from the crossroads between two continents - new amphibian and reptile remains from the Oligocene of southern Balkans and Anatolia. Comptes Rendus Palevol 20 (15): 253-275, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15
586FDC48FFC4FFEB134045137C63F86B.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL. — Turkey. Kavakdere: a right dentary (EUNMH PV 14051).	en	Georgalis, Georgios L., Čerňanský, Andrej, Mayda, Serdar (2021): Late Paleogene herpetofaunas from the crossroads between two continents - new amphibian and reptile remains from the Oligocene of southern Balkans and Anatolia. Comptes Rendus Palevol 20 (15): 253-275, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15
586FDC48FFC4FFEB134045137C63F86B.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Only a fragment of the right dentary is preserved, representing the anterior region (note that the anterior symphyseal portion is broken off and missing). This specimen possesses five tooth positions, where four teeth are still attached (Fig. 9). Meckel’s groove is fully open, but markedly narrow. In contrast, the subdental shelf is dorsoventrally wide. The dental crest is high, so only the crowns of the teeth exceed it dorsally. The midsection of the labial surface is pierced by one anteroposteriorly elongate labial foramen. Dentition Tooth implantation is pleurodont. The tooth necks are slightly enlarged lingually. The tooth crowns have blunt triangular apices, with their peaks being slightly recurved posterolingually. In lingual view, they possess labial and lingual cusps. The lingual side is bordered by culmen lateralis posterior and anterior and possesses striation formed by apicobasal ridges which are more-or-less parallel to each other. The number of striae ranges from five to seven. The labial aspect of the tooth crowns appears smooth.	en	Georgalis, Georgios L., Čerňanský, Andrej, Mayda, Serdar (2021): Late Paleogene herpetofaunas from the crossroads between two continents - new amphibian and reptile remains from the Oligocene of southern Balkans and Anatolia. Comptes Rendus Palevol 20 (15): 253-275, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15
586FDC48FFC4FFEB134045137C63F86B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS Only a small dentary fragment is preserved, of which allocation is difficult. Transversally bicuspid teeth together with apicobasal striation of their crows indicate its affinity with members of the group Scinciformata. Among skinks, the fully open Meckel’s groove indicates its similarity with members of the clade Scincidae (sensu Hedges 2014; Scincinae sensu Estes et al. 1988; for this character state, see Čerňanský & Syromyatnikova 2021 and literature therein). The dentition bears an overall resemblance with that of members of the genus Chalcides Laurenti, 1768 (see Čerňanský et al. 2020). However, due to its fragmentary nature, a more precise allocation of this material cannot be made.	en	Georgalis, Georgios L., Čerňanský, Andrej, Mayda, Serdar (2021): Late Paleogene herpetofaunas from the crossroads between two continents - new amphibian and reptile remains from the Oligocene of southern Balkans and Anatolia. Comptes Rendus Palevol 20 (15): 253-275, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15
586FDC48FFC5FFEA136044307C07FAEE.taxon	description	(Fig. 10)	en	Georgalis, Georgios L., Čerňanský, Andrej, Mayda, Serdar (2021): Late Paleogene herpetofaunas from the crossroads between two continents - new amphibian and reptile remains from the Oligocene of southern Balkans and Anatolia. Comptes Rendus Palevol 20 (15): 253-275, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15
586FDC48FFC5FFEA136044307C07FAEE.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL. — Turkey. Kavakdere: a presacral vertebra (EUNMH PV 14056).	en	Georgalis, Georgios L., Čerňanský, Andrej, Mayda, Serdar (2021): Late Paleogene herpetofaunas from the crossroads between two continents - new amphibian and reptile remains from the Oligocene of southern Balkans and Anatolia. Comptes Rendus Palevol 20 (15): 253-275, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15
586FDC48FFC5FFEA136044307C07FAEE.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION The vertebra EUNMH PV 14056 is incomplete, missing parts of the neural spine, right prezygapophysis and both postzygapophyses, while its synapophyses and condyle are eroded (Fig. 10). In anterior view (Fig. 10 A), the prezygapophyses are dorsally inclined, with their dorsal edges reaching the dorsal floor of the neural canal. The neural canal is triangular and large, with a height larger than that of the cotyle. The cotyle is rather depressed and elongated. In posterior view (Fig. 10 B), the neural arch is moderately vaulted. The condyle is rather eroded but it seems that it was originally relatively dorsoventrally depressed. In dorsal view (Fig. 10 C), the base of the neural spine crosses most of the midline of the neural arch. The prezygapophyses are directed anterolaterally. The prezygapophyseal articular facets are massive and broad. The interzygapophyseal constriction is well developed. In ventral view (Fig. 10 D), the vertebra is longer than wide. The centrum is slightly anteriorly widened. Its ventral surface is almost flattened, though nevertheless, two rather large foramina pierce it at around its anterior level. The lateral margins (subcentral ridges) are slightly concave. There are no signs of precondylar constriction. In lateral view (Fig. 10 E), the neural spine is broken and its full height cannot be evaluated; it seems though that it mostly augments in height towards the posterior half of the neural arch. The synapophyses seem to have been well developed but also they are eroded.	en	Georgalis, Georgios L., Čerňanský, Andrej, Mayda, Serdar (2021): Late Paleogene herpetofaunas from the crossroads between two continents - new amphibian and reptile remains from the Oligocene of southern Balkans and Anatolia. Comptes Rendus Palevol 20 (15): 253-275, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15
586FDC48FFC5FFEA136044307C07FAEE.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS The vertebra can be assigned to Ophisaurus on the basis of its concave lateral margins and the height of its neural canal being bigger than the respective one of the cotyle (Čerňanský et al. 2019). Osteoderm material from Kavakdere has been recently described as an indeterminate anguine (Čerňanský et al. 2017 b). It seems probable that this too belongs to Ophisaurus, however, the diagnostic utility of osteoderms is far limited for any such generic referral with certainty and we cannot thus exclude the possibility that they pertain to another anguine taxon.	en	Georgalis, Georgios L., Čerňanský, Andrej, Mayda, Serdar (2021): Late Paleogene herpetofaunas from the crossroads between two continents - new amphibian and reptile remains from the Oligocene of southern Balkans and Anatolia. Comptes Rendus Palevol 20 (15): 253-275, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15
586FDC48FFC5FFF6118245737D39F86B.taxon	description	(Fig. 13)	en	Georgalis, Georgios L., Čerňanský, Andrej, Mayda, Serdar (2021): Late Paleogene herpetofaunas from the crossroads between two continents - new amphibian and reptile remains from the Oligocene of southern Balkans and Anatolia. Comptes Rendus Palevol 20 (15): 253-275, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15
586FDC48FFC5FFF6118245737D39F86B.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL. — Turkey. Kargi 2: A mid-caudal vertebra (EUNMH PV 14072).	en	Georgalis, Georgios L., Čerňanský, Andrej, Mayda, Serdar (2021): Late Paleogene herpetofaunas from the crossroads between two continents - new amphibian and reptile remains from the Oligocene of southern Balkans and Anatolia. Comptes Rendus Palevol 20 (15): 253-275, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15
586FDC48FFC5FFF6118245737D39F86B.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION The vertebra EUNMH PV 14072 is rather incomplete, missing large part of both prezygapophyses, the left postzygapophysis, and the dorsalmost portion of the neural spine (Fig. 13). It is tiny, with a centrum length of 2.0 mm and a neural arch width of 1.6 mm. The neural spine is developed only at the posterior half of the neural arch. The neural arch is vaulted. The haemapophyses develop around the mid-portion of the centrum, they are almost parallel to each other in ventral view and extend rather ventrally in posterior view. The cotyle and condyle are small. The pleurapophyses are broad and extend ventrolaterally. The postzygapophyseal articular facets are massive.	en	Georgalis, Georgios L., Čerňanský, Andrej, Mayda, Serdar (2021): Late Paleogene herpetofaunas from the crossroads between two continents - new amphibian and reptile remains from the Oligocene of southern Balkans and Anatolia. Comptes Rendus Palevol 20 (15): 253-275, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15
586FDC48FFC5FFF6118245737D39F86B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS This vertebra could pertain to one of the two above described “ tropidophiids ”. Note that Platyspondylia was so far considered to have haemapophyses throughout the caudal region (Rage 1974; Szyndlar & Rage 2003), however, it is now known that haemapophyses are absent in the anterior caudal vertebrae but present in mid- and posterior caudal ones of this taxon (Vianey-Liaud et al. 2014).	en	Georgalis, Georgios L., Čerňanský, Andrej, Mayda, Serdar (2021): Late Paleogene herpetofaunas from the crossroads between two continents - new amphibian and reptile remains from the Oligocene of southern Balkans and Anatolia. Comptes Rendus Palevol 20 (15): 253-275, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15
586FDC48FFDAFFF5137543B6789FFEC3.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL. — Turkey. Kocayarma: two caudal vertebrae (EUNMH PV 14062 and EUNMH PV 14067).	en	Georgalis, Georgios L., Čerňanský, Andrej, Mayda, Serdar (2021): Late Paleogene herpetofaunas from the crossroads between two continents - new amphibian and reptile remains from the Oligocene of southern Balkans and Anatolia. Comptes Rendus Palevol 20 (15): 253-275, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a15
