taxonID	type	description	language	source
597E87EA160F2C4D92B8FF7CFA2EFE73.taxon	description	The phylogenetic analysis resulted in a single most parsimonious tree (CI = 0.743; RI = 0.733; 166 steps long; Fig. 4; see S 2). According to our results, the inclusion of Dastilbe moraesi in the Gonorynchiformes (Node 2) is uncontroversial, as indicated by the presence of cephalic ribs (C. 6: 1), parietals reduced and separated by the supraoccipital (C. 17: 1), and absence of the premaxillary ascending process (C. 28: 1) (Fig. 5). It is also a member of the Chanoidei, as indicated by the presence of a large, very broad, concave-convex premaxilla, with a long oral process (C. 27: 1), the presence of a maxilla posteriorly swollen to a bulbous outline (C. 33: 1), quadrate-mandibular articulation anteriorly displaced (anterior to the orbit) (C. 48: 1), symplectic elongated (C. 49: 1), metapterygoid process of hyomandibular present on its anterior border (C. 52: 1) (Fig. 6), opercular bone expanded to at least one third of head length (C. 54: 1), and suprapreopercular bone present as a relatively large, flat bone (C. 62: 1) (Fig. 7). The inclusion of D. moraesi in the Chanidae (Node 4) is supported by several synapomorphies, such as: presence of a large, very broad, concave-convex premaxilla with a long oral process (C. 27: 1); the posterior region of the maxilla very enlarged, swollen and having a bulbous outline, with curved posterior border (C. 33: 1); quadratemandibular articulation located anterior to orbit, with the quadrate displaced but not elongate (C. 48: 1); presence of an elongated symplectic (C. 49: 1); presence of a metapterygoid process of hyomandibula (C. 52: 1); presence of an expanded opercular bone, with at least one third of the head length (C. 54: 1); by having an preopercular expansion present on preopercle posteroventral corner and part of the posterodorsal limb (C. 61: 1); and the presence of autogenous hemal arch in preural centrum 2 (C. 103: 1). Our analysis indicated that the Chanidae is divided in two clades: Rubiesichthys + Gordichthys (Node 5, subfamily Rubiesichthyinae), and Nanaichthys + (Aethalionopsis + (Parachanos + (Dastilbe + (Tharrhias + (Dastilbe moraesi + Chanos )))))) (Node 6, subfamily Chaninae). The Node 5 is supported by three synapomorphies: dorsal and ventral borders of the maxillary articular process very curved (C. 31: 1); angle formed by preopercular limbs acute (C. 58: 2); and posterior process on the posterior border of first supraneural present (C. 83: 1). The Node 6, in turn, is supported by the presence of a maxillary process for articulation with the autopalatine (C. 32: 1), and by the presence of a ridge on the anteroventral limb of the preopercular bone (C. 60: 1). Nanaichthys, according to our analysis, is the sistergroup of the clade formed by the remaining taxa included in Node 6, forming together the subfamily Chaninae. Dastilbe crandalli is the sister-group of Chanini (including Tharrias, Dastilbe moraesi and Chanos) based on the presence of the anterodorsal border of the dentary slightly concave, forming a relatively high symphysis (C. 35: 1). The inclusion of Dastilbe moraesi within the Chanini (including Tharrhias and Chanos) is based on the presence of exoccipitals with a posterior concave-convex border, with a projection above the basioccipital (C. 5: 1), a large mesethmoid with broad posterolateral wing-like expansions (C 10: 1), and the presence of a neural arch and spine of the first preural centrum both well developed, with the spine about half as long as preceding ones (C. 92: 1) (Fig. 8). The sister group relationship between Dastilbe moraesi and Chanos (Node 11) is supported by the presence of the posterolateral expansion of exoccipitals (C. 4: 1), and the absence of postcleithra (C. 85: 1). Dastilbe moraesi is phylogenetic diagnosed from the remaining Chanidae by the autapomorphic condition of its caudal-fin skeleton, characterized by the presence of only five hypurals (Fig. 9).	en	Ribeiro, Alexandre C., Poyato-Ariza, Francisco J., Bockmann, Flávio A., de Carvalho, Marcelo R. (2018): Phylogenetic relationships of Chanidae (Teleostei: Gonorynchiformes) as impacted by Dastilbe moraesi, from the Sanfranciscana basin, Early Cretaceous of Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (3): 1-12, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20180059
