identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
5B3887ACFFBFFF9DFCF2271EB7ECFDCE.text	5B3887ACFFBFFF9DFCF2271EB7ECFDCE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ophiorrhiza barnesii C. E. C. Fisch., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1939	<div><p>Ophiorrhiza barnesii C.E.C.Fisch., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1939: 248 . 1939; Deb &amp; Mondal, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 39: 28. 1997. Type: INDIA, Kerala, Travancore High Range, Kalaar valley [‘Kallar Valley’], September 1937, Barnes 1754 (holo K [K000031231 digital image!]). Fig. 1</p><p>Herbs, 20–50 cm tall. Stem erect, somewhat woody at base, terete, glabrous below, slightly puberulous above. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, 8.5–14.6 × 2.8– 3.9 cm, acuminate at apex, acute at base, entire at margins, glabrous; lateral nerves 8–12 pairs with eucamptodromous venation; petioles 0.7–2.5 cm long, glabrous; stipules 1–1.5 × c. 0.2 mm, triangular with pointed tip, entire, glabrous. Cymes terminal or axillary, corymbose, 1–2 cm across; branches short, glabrous; peduncles 2.4–2.8 cm long, slender, glabrous. Flowers heterostylous, 8–9 mm long; bracts linear, without a distinct midrib, 4.1–4.2 × 0.6–0.8 mm, glabrous, persistent; bracteoles linear, without a distinct midrib, 2.9–3.2 × 0.4–0.43 mm, glabrous, persistent; pedicels 1.6–1.7 mm long, glabrous. Hypanthium obovoid, 1.1–1.3 × 0.9–1 mm, glabrous. Calyx lobes ovate-lanceolate, 0.5–0.7 × 0.5–0.6 mm, acute, glabrous. Corolla infundibuliform; tube 3.8–4.2 mm long, glabrous outside with a villous ring of hairs at the middle of corolla tube within; lobes ovate, 1.6–2.3 × 1.1–1.4 mm, acute, glabrous. Stamens attached slightly below the middle of corolla tube in long-styled flower and to base of corolla tube and exerted in short-styled flower; filaments 0.1–0.2 mm long in long-styled flower and 3.6–4 mm long in short-styled flower, glabrous; anthers 0.9–1.3 × 0.1–0.4 mm, oblong or narrowly oblong in long-styled flower and 1.2–1.35 × 0.15–0.2 mm and narrowly oblong in short-styled flower. Pollen grains oblate spheroidal, small, isopolar, monad, angular in polar outline, polar axis (P) × equatorial axis (E) = c. 22.25 × 22.87 µm, tricolporate; colpi c. 17.66 × 2.60 µm, elongated colpi with acute end; ora circular, c. 2.59 µm in diam.; microreticulate; surface lumen c. 0.29 µm diam. Ovary obovoid, 0.7–0.75 × 0.55–0.6 mm; styles 3.9–4.1 mm long in long-styled flower and 1.7–1.8 mm long in short-styled flower, glabrous; stigma bilobed, 0.65–0.75 × 0.45–0.5 mm and ovate in long-styled flower, 0.4–0.5 × 0.15–0.25 mm and lanceolate in short-styled flower, glabrous. Capsules obcordate, 2.6–3 × 5.10–5.15 mm, glabrous, bilocular. Seeds 0.40–0.55 × 0.40–0.50 mm, irregularly angled, glabrous, brown.</p><p>Flowering &amp; fruiting: Flowering from August to October and fruiting from September to December.</p><p>Specimen examined: INDIA, Kerala, Idukki district, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.95758&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.060972" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.95758/lat 10.060972)">Kallar Valley</a>, 700–800 m, N 10°03’39.5”, E 76°57’27.3”, 12.01.2021, Akhilesh S . V . Nair 10234 (KUBH) .</p><p>Distribution: Endemic to Western Ghats of Kerala.</p><p>Habitat: Grows in moist, shady places of evergreen forests and also along the banks of streams or rivulets, at an altitude of 700– 800 m. The associated species are Ophiorrhiza barberi Gamble, O. caudata, Argostemma courtallense Arn. (all Rubiaceae) and Sonerila wallichii Benn. ( Melastomataceae).</p><p>Conservation status: Ophiorrhiza barnesii is only reported from Kallar Valley in Idukki district of Kerala. During our field trip in 2021, we could observe only a single population of O. barnesii with less than 20 mature individuals along the roadsides rock cuttings. The species grows in moist and cool shady environment along the rock cuttings near streams. Since the locality is outside a protected area, it is facing serious threat due to anthropogenic activities and roadside cleaning acitivities, etc. With a view to the location and small size of the population, a further decline is likely. According to the IUCN Red List Criteria (IUCN, 2012, 2022), it is assessed here as Critically Endangered (CR), B2a,b(iii,v), D.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5B3887ACFFBFFF9DFCF2271EB7ECFDCE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	A. S. V., Nair;A., Gangaprasad;K. B., Rameshkumar;Kumar, E. S. S.	A. S. V., Nair, A., Gangaprasad, K. B., Rameshkumar, Kumar, E. S. S. (2023): The identity of Ophiorrhiza barnesii (Rubiaceae) - a critically endangered and endemic species of the southern Western Ghats, India. Rheedea 33 (2): 87-91, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.02.06, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.02.06
5B3887ACFFBDFF9BFCF220B8B6F4F9FD.text	5B3887ACFFBDFF9BFCF220B8B6F4F9FD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ophiorrhiza caudata C. E. C. Fisch., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1938	<div><p>Ophiorrhiza caudata C.E.C.Fisch., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1938: 125 . 1938; Deb &amp; Mondal, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 39: 34. 1997. Type: INDIA, Kerala, Travancore High Range, Kalaar [‘Kallar’], May 1937, E. Barnes 1560 (holo K [K0000174141 digital image!]). Fig. 2</p><p>Herbs, 40–80 cm tall; stem erect, branching, terete at base, glabrous. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, 9.5–13 × 2.5–3.5 cm, caudate-acuminate at apex, acuminate at base, glabrous; lateral nerve pairs 8–10; petioles 0.7–2.5 cm long, glabrous; stipules persistent, linear to lanceolate, 2.79–4.2 × 1.6–2.6 mm, margins entire, glabrous. Cymes terminal, capitate, 1–2 cm across, glabrous; peduncles 4–5.5 cm long, slender, glabrous. Flowers heterostylous, 11–11.5 mm long; bracts ovate to lanceolate, with a distinct midrib, 8.3–8.42 × 2–2.2 mm, glabrous; bracteoles ovate to lanceolate, with a distinct midrib, 6.8–7 × 2–2.1 mm, glabrous; pedicels 0.9–1.1 mm long, glabrous. Hypanthium obovoid, 0.9–1.3 × 0.9–1.6 mm, glabrous. Calyx lobes ovate-lanceolate, 0.75–1.1 × 0.7–0.75 mm, acute, glabrous. Corolla campanulate; tube 7.5–8.6 mm long, glabrous outside with a villous ring at middle of tube inside; lobes ovate, 2.4–3.2 × 2.14–2.29 mm, acute. Stamens adnate to middle of corolla tube, inserted; filaments 0.3–0.35 mm long in long-styled flower and 3.3–3.4 mm long in short-styled flower, glabrous; anther oblong, 1.2– 1.3 × 0.4–0.46 mm in long-styled flowers, 1.43–1.55 × 0.42–0.44 mm in short-styled flowers, oblong. Pollen grains sub-oblate, small, isopolar, monad, angular in polar outline, polar axis (P) × equatorial axis (E) = 19–20 × 23.5–24 µm, tricolporate; colpi 15–16 × 4–5 µm, elongated colpi with acute end; ora circular, 4.5–4.7 µm in diam.; microreticulate; surface lumen 0.6–1.1 µm diam. Ovary obovoid, 0.86–1 × 0.85–0.9 mm; styles 5.1–5.3 mm long in long-styled flowers and 0.9–1 mm long in short-styled flowers, glabrous; stigma bilobed, 1.12–1.2 × 0.86–0.87 mm and rounded in long-styled flowers, 1.9–2.1 × 0.68–0.71 mm and lanceolate in short-styled flowers, glabrous. Capsules obcordate, 3.2– 3.4 × 6.45–7.7 mm, glabrous, bilocular. Seeds 0.43– 0.46 × 0.3–0.32 mm, irregularly angled, glabrous, brown.</p><p>Flowering &amp; fruiting: Flowering from May to October and fruiting from June to December.</p><p>Specimens examined: INDIA, Kerala, Idukki district, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.95758&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.060972" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.95758/lat 10.060972)">Kallar Valley</a>, 700–800 m, N 10°03’39.5”, E 76°57’27.3”, 12.01.2021, Akhilesh S. V . Nair 10235 (KUBH) . Kerala, Idukki district, Kallar valley, 21.02.2012, E. S . Santhosh Kumar &amp; P. E . Roy 70440 (TBGT) .</p><p>Distribution: Endemic to Western Ghats of Kerala.</p><p>Habitat: In moist, shady places of the evergreen forests and also along the banks of streams or rivulets, between 700–800 m altitude, along with Ophiorrhiza barberi, O. barnesii ., Argostemma courtallense (all Rubiaceae), Sonerila wallichii ( Melastomataceae).</p><p>Conservation status: During our field trip in 2021 in Kallar Valley in Idukki district of Kerala, we had the opportunity to observe two populations of O. caudata, each consisting of fewer than 100 mature individuals. The species occurs in moist and cool shady environment along rock cuttings near streams. Since the locality is outside a protected area, it is facing serious threat due to anthropogenic activities and roadside cleaning acitivities, etc. Considering the specific location and the small size of the population, it is likely that their numbers will further decline. Based on the IUCN Red List Criteria (IUCN, 2012, 2022), O. caudata is assessed here as Critically Endangered (CR), B2a,b (iii,v).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5B3887ACFFBDFF9BFCF220B8B6F4F9FD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	A. S. V., Nair;A., Gangaprasad;K. B., Rameshkumar;Kumar, E. S. S.	A. S. V., Nair, A., Gangaprasad, K. B., Rameshkumar, Kumar, E. S. S. (2023): The identity of Ophiorrhiza barnesii (Rubiaceae) - a critically endangered and endemic species of the southern Western Ghats, India. Rheedea 33 (2): 87-91, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.02.06, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.02.06
