taxonID	type	description	language	source
5B4987F6F42BEE21FF39FB4F11DFFAF0.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 346 CC 7 E 7 - 44 C 4 - 4 A 11 - 8 C 6 B-ED 0 AB 8684 FB 7 Figures 1 – 4	en	León-González, Jesús Angel De, Díaz-Castañeda, Victoria, Hernández, María Ana Tovar- (2025): On two new paraonids (Annelida, Paraonidae) from Bahía de los Angeles, Gulf of California, Mexico. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 63-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.3
5B4987F6F42BEE21FF39FB4F11DFFAF0.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype (UANL- 8171), 2 paratypes (UANL- 8172), Bahía de los Angeles, Baja California, Gulf of California, Mexico, Station M 3 - 2, November 14, 2013, N 28.89534 W 113.50281, 17 m depth. Additional material 12 specimens. 1 specimen, (UANL- 8173), Bahía de los Angeles, Baja California, Gulf of California, Mexico, Station M 2 - 4, November 14, 2013, N 28.90032 W 113.48569, 17 m depth; 1 specimen, (UANL- 8174), Station M 4 - 2, N 28.89650 W 113.51538, 14 m depth; 1 specimen, (UANL- 8175), Station M 5 - 4, N 28.90727 W 113.52895, 16 m depth; 1 specimen, (UANL- 8176), Station M 8 - 1, N 28.94241 W 113.55211, 10.8 m depth; 1 specimen, (UANL- 8177), Station M 8 - 3, N 28.94241 W 113.55211, 10.6 m depth; 1 specimen, (UANL- 8178), Station M 11 - 1, N 28.97932 W 113.54205, 12.8 m depth; 3 specimens, Station M 11 - 2, (UANL- 8179), N 28.97932 W 113.54205, 12.9 m depth; 4 specimens, (UANL- 8180), Station M 11 - 3, N 28.97932 W 113.54205, 11.1 m depth; 1 specimen, (UANL- 8181), Station M 12 - 1, N 28.99071 W 113.54576, 11.4 m depth.	en	León-González, Jesús Angel De, Díaz-Castañeda, Victoria, Hernández, María Ana Tovar- (2025): On two new paraonids (Annelida, Paraonidae) from Bahía de los Angeles, Gulf of California, Mexico. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 63-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.3
5B4987F6F42BEE21FF39FB4F11DFFAF0.taxon	description	Description Holotype complete, 11 mm long (8 – 11 mm in paratypes), 0.5 mm wide (0.3 – 0.7 mm in paratypes) with 140 chaetigers (124 – 140 in complete paratypes). Color in preserved worms pale yellowish. Body cylindrical and robust, branchial region thicker than pre- and postbranchial regions (Fig. 1 A). First three segments with a median dorsal crest (mdc) (Figs 1 A – B, 3 B, 4 A), in specimen prepared for SEM, crest appears as a dorsally cleft elevation, whereas in specimens examined under light microscopy, the crest is an uncleaved elevation (Figs 3 A, 4 A). Prostomium subtriangular, wider than long, anterior margin rounded (Figs 1 A – B, 3 A). Eyes absent in all specimens. With a pair of crown-like ciliary bands (clcb) inserted in postero-lateral side of prostomium. A pair of ciliary slits (cs) located anteriorly to nuchal organs, semicircular in shape (Fig. 1 B – C). Antenna digitiform, short, extend back to mid part of first chaetiger, with discrete swollen base and small group of cilia surrounding base (Fig. 2 A). A pair of nuchal organs present, as diagonal, narrow, deep, short and slanted slits placed on dorso-lateral sides of posterior prostomium; dense internal ciliation not reaching outer margin of slits (Figs 1 A – B, 2 A). A dorsal ciliary band present on mid-dorsal transversal line of each pre-branchial and branchial chaetiger: that of chaetiger # 1 form a complete ciliary band with short cilia, that of chaetiger # 2 divided in two small bands with short cilia, those of chaetiger # 3 forming almost an entire band of medium length cilia. From chaetiger # 5 to end of branchial region all ciliary bands are entire with very long cilia (Fig. 1 A). A pair of short dorsal ciliary bands (sdcb) present just posterior to base of each branchia (Figs 1 A, 2 B). Intersegmental ciliary bands not present. Branchiae numbering 20 pairs in holotype (15 – 24 pairs in paratypes), starting on chaetiger # 4, foliaceous with wide base, tapering towards distal part and digitiform tip, slightly longer in middle branchial region, last pair of branchiae shorter than others (Fig. 1 A); dense ciliary bands on both sides of branchiae from the basal part to subdistal region, bare distal part (Figs. 1 A, 2 B, 4 B); branchiae shorter than segment width. Branchiae length / wide: 254.9 μm / 110.8 μm in anterior region (chaetiger # 4); 376.8 μm / 110.8 μm in middle region (chaetiger # 11), 221.6 μm / 55.4 μm in posterior region (chaetiger # 23). Notopodial papillae absent. Notopodial postchaetal lobes present in prebranchial region; short, conical on first two chaetigers (Figs. 1 B, 3 C); increasing in length and becoming stout, digitiform with asymmetrical swollen base on chaetiger # 3 (Figs. 1 B, 3 D, 4 A); in the branchial region they increase in size until penultimate pair of branchiae, cirriform and thin tips (Figs. 3 E, 4 B), from last pair of branchiae onwards cirri are thin and long, filiform (Figs. 3 F – G). Neuropodial postchaetal lobe as hemispherical tubercle present from chaetigers 1 to 32. Lateral sense organs present on all chaetigers, located between noto- and neuropodia, closest to and slightly behind postchaetal lobe (Fig. 1 B), with flexible cilia distinctly protruding from opening or embedded into pore. Three main types of chaetae present: limbate, capillary and modified neurochaetae (Figs. 2 C – E). First 17 chaetigers with very numerous limbate chaetae, thick basally, attenuating towards distal part. In chaetiger # 18 thin capillary chaetae appear, of lesser abundance. Modified neuropodial chaetae present from chaetiger # 32 (21 – 36 in paratypes) to the last chaetigers, absent on 2 prepygidial segments, numbering 1 – 3 in each neuropodium. Anterior parapodia with only one modified neurochaeta 2.8 μm wide; median parapodia with three modified neurochaeta of different widths (inferior 5.6 μm wide, middle 2.8 μm wide, superior 8.4 μm wide); posterior parapodia with modified neurochaetae also of different widths (inferior 5.6 μm, middle 8.4 μm, superior 11.2 μm wide (Figs. 2 E, 4 C). Modified neurochaetae accompanied by thin capillary chaetae (Fig. 2 E); neurochaetae as curved hooks (90 ° degrees towards terminal region), with strong hood, hood with numerous fibrils and encompassing curved end of shaft except for small subdistal gap (Fig. 2 C); with a short, thin and fragile arista arising from terminal region, in most of the specimens the arista is missing, but insertion scar of where it was implanted is visible only using SEM imaging (Fig. 2 D). Pygidium with three cirri, two inserted ventro-laterally, one cirrus placed mid-ventrally, short, all digitiform with the base wider, tapering towards the distal part (Fig. 2 F). Pygidium surrounded by a band of cilia, much denser in the dorsal region than in the ventral region, usually each cilium emerges from a pore, in ventral region with groups of cilia emerging from a single pore. Anal cirri with clusters of cilia emerging from pores (Fig. 2 F).	en	León-González, Jesús Angel De, Díaz-Castañeda, Victoria, Hernández, María Ana Tovar- (2025): On two new paraonids (Annelida, Paraonidae) from Bahía de los Angeles, Gulf of California, Mexico. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 63-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.3
5B4987F6F42BEE21FF39FB4F11DFFAF0.taxon	etymology	Etymology Specific name is in honor of James A. Blake, a great American polychaetologist whose trajectory and excellent work on the knowledge of annelid polychaetes, including paraonids, made systematics easier and inspired many generations.	en	León-González, Jesús Angel De, Díaz-Castañeda, Victoria, Hernández, María Ana Tovar- (2025): On two new paraonids (Annelida, Paraonidae) from Bahía de los Angeles, Gulf of California, Mexico. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 63-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.3
5B4987F6F42BEE21FF39FB4F11DFFAF0.taxon	discussion	Remarks The subgenus Acmira has traditionally been used to place species easily recognized by having a variety of modified neurochaetae (Blake, 2019), which are thick or thin curved spines, with or without hoods, filaments, teeth or accessory spines. Before this work, Aricidea (Acmira) was represented by 34 species and two subspecies after Blake (2019), Barroso et al. (2020), Erdoğan-Dereli & Çinar (2020) and Plathong et al. (2020). Aricidea (Acmira) blakei sp. nov., is mainly characterized by having a short digitiform antenna (not exceeding chaetiger 1) with a discrete swollen base; by possessing notopodial postchaetal lobes with asymmetrical base swollen in prebranchial and branchial region, changing gradually in size and shape from the first two chaetigers to the last pair of branchiae; last pair of branchiae being shorter than the rest; and by having curved hooks with a very strong hood and a fragile arista. Aricidea (Acmira) blakei sp. nov., A. elongata Imajima, 1973, Aricidea eximia Imajima, 1973, Aricidea katzmanni Erdoğan-Dereli & Çinar, 2020 and Aricidea catherinae sensu Aguirrezabalaga (2012) belong to a small group of species characterized by possessing a rather slender antenna, reaching back to the 1 st, 2 nd- 3 rd chaetigers, without inflated median region; relatively long, tapered branchiae; modified neurochaetae which gradually become thicker towards the pygidium, with a thin terminal arista that easily breaks. Aricidea (Acmira) blakei sp. nov. differ from these species in terms of the following characteristics: (1) the shape and size of antenna: digitiform, short, extends back to mid part of first chaetiger in A. (A.) blakei sp. nov.; slender, long, extends to the anterior part of third chaetiger, basally swollen in A. (A.) eximia; slender, long, extends back to second to fourth chaetiger in A. (A.) elongata; digitiform, with more or less swollen region above mid-region, with cilia, extends to chaetiger 2 in A. (A.) katzmanni; thicker in the middle zone, becomes attenuated and ends in a thin point, inserted slightly in front of the middle of the prostomium, long, extends to the chaetiger 3 in A. (A.) catherinae sensu Aguirrezabalaga 2012. (2) The shape and size of last pairs of branchiae: last pair of branchiae shorter than the anterior ones but similar in shape in A. (A.) blakei sp. nov.; last two pairs of branchiae extremely long with filamentous distal part, each branchia is about two times as long as the former in A. (A.) eximia; posterior four pairs of branchiae are noticeably longer and slender, each is longer than the width of the segment, and ends as slender filamentous tip in A. (A.) elongata; last two pairs of branchiae are cylindrical, smaller than the previous ones, the last pair is the smallest and thinnest in A. (A.) katzmanni and A. (A.) catherinae sensu Aguirrezabalaga 2012. (3) The shape of first two postchaetal notopodial lobes: conical in A. (A.) blakei sp. nov.; extremely small, barely visible in A. (A.) eximia; cirriform in A. (A.) elongata and A. (A.) katzmanni; digitiform in A. (A.) catherinae sensu Aguirrezabalaga 2012. (4) Shape of the postchaetal notopodial lobe base in anterior parapodia: with asymmetrical swollen bases in A. (A.) blakei sp. nov., A. (A.) eximia and A. (A.) elongata, and with symmetrical bases in A. (A.) katzmanni and A. (A.) catherinae; (5) The presence and shape of neuropodial lobe: absent in A. (A.) eximia and A. (A.) elongata; as short ridges on chaetigers 1 – 11 in A. (A.) katzmanni; as hemispherical tubercles in postbranchial region, from chaetigers 1 – 29 in A. (A.) catherinae sensu Aguirrezabalaga 2012, and from chaetigers 1 – 32 in A. (A.) blakei sp. nov.	en	León-González, Jesús Angel De, Díaz-Castañeda, Victoria, Hernández, María Ana Tovar- (2025): On two new paraonids (Annelida, Paraonidae) from Bahía de los Angeles, Gulf of California, Mexico. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 63-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.3
5B4987F6F42BEE22FF39FCC41089FED4.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Aricidea catherinae Laubier, 1967	en	León-González, Jesús Angel De, Díaz-Castañeda, Victoria, Hernández, María Ana Tovar- (2025): On two new paraonids (Annelida, Paraonidae) from Bahía de los Angeles, Gulf of California, Mexico. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 63-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.3
5B4987F6F42BEE22FF39FCC41089FED4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Prostomium subtriangular, pear-shaped to oval, with rounded anterior margin; antenna simple, usually unbranched and unarticulated. Posterior lip of mouth extending through ventral surface of first two chaetigers. Chaetae of three types: limbate in the anterior part, thin capillaries in the post-branchial region, and modified neurochaetae which are heavy, curved spines with or without hood, with or without accessory filaments, teeth or bristles, always thicker than notochaetae and accompanying capillary neurochaetae (Blake, 2019).	en	León-González, Jesús Angel De, Díaz-Castañeda, Victoria, Hernández, María Ana Tovar- (2025): On two new paraonids (Annelida, Paraonidae) from Bahía de los Angeles, Gulf of California, Mexico. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 63-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.3
5B4987F6F422EE3BFF39F9D21088F936.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Paraonis lyra Southern, 1914	en	León-González, Jesús Angel De, Díaz-Castañeda, Victoria, Hernández, María Ana Tovar- (2025): On two new paraonids (Annelida, Paraonidae) from Bahía de los Angeles, Gulf of California, Mexico. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 63-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.3
5B4987F6F422EE3BFF39F9D21088F936.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Body long, thin, slightly enlarged anteriorly. Prostomium variable in shape (conical, triangular, subtriangular, rounded or truncated anteriorly). Median antenna absent. Eyes usually absent. Prostomial ciliary bands present or absent. Longitudinal nuchal grooves along posterior prostomium margin. Peristomium indistinct or distinct dorsally. Three to six prebranchial segments; branchiae from chaetigers 4 – 7, numbering 5 – 48 pairs. All segments with notopodial postchaetal lobes; neuropodial lobes absent. Notochaetae include capillaries and either lyrate chaetae, modified spines, or simple curved spines; neurochaetae capillaries, a few species with curved neuropodial spines in posterior segments. Pygidium rounded terminally, with three anal cirri (Magalhães et al. 2018, Blake, 2019).	en	León-González, Jesús Angel De, Díaz-Castañeda, Victoria, Hernández, María Ana Tovar- (2025): On two new paraonids (Annelida, Paraonidae) from Bahía de los Angeles, Gulf of California, Mexico. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 63-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.3
5B4987F6F425EE39FF39FF111675F9DB.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 6 D 53 FCC 0 - 77 EE- 40 A 4 - B 30 B-A 5 C 1331 A 2150 Figures 5 – 7	en	León-González, Jesús Angel De, Díaz-Castañeda, Victoria, Hernández, María Ana Tovar- (2025): On two new paraonids (Annelida, Paraonidae) from Bahía de los Angeles, Gulf of California, Mexico. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 63-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.3
5B4987F6F425EE39FF39FF111675F9DB.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype, (UANL- 8182), two paratypes (UANL- 8183) Bahía de los Angeles, Baja California, Gulf of California, Station M 4 - 2, November 14 2013, N 28.89650, W 113.51538, 14 m depth. Additional material 11 specimens. 2 specimens, (UANL- 8184) Los Angeles Bay, Baja California, Gulf of California, Station M 1 - 2, November 14 2013, N 28.90927, W 113.48156, 18 m depth; 1 specimen, (UANL- 8185), Station M 1 - 4, N 28.90927, W 113.48156, 18 m depth; 3 specimens, (UANL- 8186), Station M 2 - 4, N 28.90032, W 113.48569, 17 m depth; 5 specimens, (UANL- 8187), Station M 3 - 1, N 28.89534, W 113.50281, 17 m depth.	en	León-González, Jesús Angel De, Díaz-Castañeda, Victoria, Hernández, María Ana Tovar- (2025): On two new paraonids (Annelida, Paraonidae) from Bahía de los Angeles, Gulf of California, Mexico. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 63-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.3
5B4987F6F425EE39FF39FF111675F9DB.taxon	description	Description Holotype complete, 9 mm long (4.5 – 10 mm long in paratypes), 0.2 mm wide (0.15 – 0.2 mm wide in paratypes) with 84 chaetigers (83 – 89 chaetigers in paratypes). Color in ethanol pale yellowish. Body thin, cylindrical; significantly thicker at beginning of postbranchial region; gradually thinner towards posterior end. Prostomium subtriangular, slightly longer than wide, anterior end distinctly conical; eyespots present (Fig. 7 A). Nuchal organs elongated, located dorsally (Fig. 7 A). Two ciliated bands on the prostomium, dorsal one (ciliary slits) extended laterally, ventral one (crown like ciliary band) extended latero-dorsally without reaching the nuchal organs (Fig. 5 A – B). Peristomium fused with prostomium ventrally indistinct, starting point posterior to nuchal organs (Fig. 7 A – B), observed dorsally as a small fold overlapping posterior end of prostomium. Dorsal ciliary bands present on prebranchial segments, not seen posteriorly (Fig. 5 A). Branchiae lanceolate, ciliated on the outer margin from the proximal part to near distal end on each branchia. Beginning from chaetiger 4, holotype with 9 pairs, paratypes 9 – 10 pairs. Branchial length variable along the body; branchiae overlapping dorsally on chaetigers 6 to 10 (Figs 5 A, 6 A, 7 A – B), slightly longer than body width, then becoming progressively shorter. Last pair of branchiae cirriform in shape (Fig. 7 B). Notopodial postchaetal lobes shorter and subtriangular with wide base on prebranchial chaetigers (Figs 5 A, 7 B – C), globular to subtriangular on branchial segments (Figs 5 A, 6 A – B, 7 D), becoming subtriangular and thinner slightly longer on postbranchial, median and posterior segments (Figs 6 C – D, 7 E – G), last eight notopodial prechaetal lobes (preanal region) progressively longer and thinner (Fig. 6 E). Notopodial postchaetal lobe easily detached and lost in many median and posterior chaetigers. Lateral sense organs visible from chaetiger 2, seen on pre- and branchial chaetigers as depression on ventral side of notopodial postchaetal lobes (Fig. 6 B). Neuropodial postchaetal lobes as low ridges, indistinct from body wall. Notopodial chaetae numbering 4 – 10 long capillaries in a tuft, reduced in number and length posteriorly, and 1 – 2 lyrated notochaetae from chaetigers 2. Lyrate notochaetae with tines of different size and thickness along body, each with an inner row of 7 – 8 spines, shorter branch slightly thicker, appears rigid, ending in a more or less blunt tip, the longer branch has a very thin and flexible distal part, ending in a point (Fig. 5 C); long tine 2.4 times longer than short tine on anterior chaetigers, 2 times longer on median and posterior chaetigers; short tine 1.2 to 1.4 times thicker than long tine. Lyrated notochaetae increase in size from anterior to posterior parapodia: 17.2 µm from the base of the chaeta to the distal end of the short tine in branchial parapodia, 18.8 µm in middle parapodia and 20.2 µm in posterior parapodia (Fig. 7 H – J). Neuropodial chaetae long capillaries in two rows, four capillaries on first neuropodium, 12 – 14 capillaries anteriorly, reduced to 4 – 8 posteriorly. Pygidium oval, pygidial region with nine cirri, one pair corresponding to notopodial postchaetal lobes of a normal sized segment, two pairs corresponding to two preanal segments, migrate to ventral side, and three elongated anal cirri, two dorso-lateral and one mid-ventral, mid-ventral cirrus slightly thicker and shorter than lateral ones (Fig. 6 D – E).	en	León-González, Jesús Angel De, Díaz-Castañeda, Victoria, Hernández, María Ana Tovar- (2025): On two new paraonids (Annelida, Paraonidae) from Bahía de los Angeles, Gulf of California, Mexico. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 63-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.3
5B4987F6F425EE39FF39FF111675F9DB.taxon	etymology	Etymology This species is named in honor of Andrew S. Y. Mackie, a great British polychaetologist who inspired the first author to study paraonid polychaetes.	en	León-González, Jesús Angel De, Díaz-Castañeda, Victoria, Hernández, María Ana Tovar- (2025): On two new paraonids (Annelida, Paraonidae) from Bahía de los Angeles, Gulf of California, Mexico. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 63-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.3
5B4987F6F425EE39FF39FF111675F9DB.taxon	discussion	Remarks The genus Paradoneis is composed of 30 valid species including two subspecies: P. lyra capensis (Day, 1955) and P. lyra guadalupensis (Amoreux, 1985). Paradoneis mackiei sp. nov., belongs to the group of Paradoneis species with three pre-branchial chaetigers, lyrate notochaetae and without modified neurochaetae. Other species that share these characteristics are Paradoneis lyra (Southern, 1914) from Clare Island, Ireland, P. lyra capensis (Day, 1955) from South Africa, P. forticirrata (Strelzov, 1973) from Kuril Islands, P. nipponica Imajima, 1973 from Japan, P. ilvana Castelli, 1985 from Italy, P. lyra guadalupensis Amoreoux, 1985 from Guadeloupe Island, Antilles, P. brunnea (Hartmann-Schröder & Rosenfeldt, 1988) from Antarctica, P. perdidoensis (McLelland & Gaston, 1994) from Northwest Florida, Perdido Key, P. carmelitensis Arriaga-Hernández, Hernández-Alcántara & Solís-Weiss, 2013 from Terminos Lagoon, southern Gulf of Mexico, P. kamaehu Magalhães, Bailey-Brock & Barroso, 2018 from Mamala Bay, Oahu, Hawaii, P. campechensis Quintanar-Retama, Hernández-Alcántara & Solís-Weiss, 2019 from Campeche Sound, Mexico, P. heterochaeta Erdoğan-Dereli & Çinar, 2019 from Sea of Marmara, P. idoiae Martínez, 2019 from Abra de Bilbao, Spain, P. longifurcata Erdoğan-Dereli & Çinar, 2019 from Sea of Marmara, P. mexicanensis Quintanar-Retama, Hernández-Alcántara & Solís-Weiss, 2019 from Southern Gulf of Mexico and P. yucatanensis Quintanar-Retama, Hernández-Alcántara & Solís-Weiss, 2019 from Southern Gulf of Mexico. Of these species, P. ilvana, P. heterochaeta, P. mexicanensis and P. nipponica, and P. mackiei sp. nov., have lyrate chaetae with tines of different thickness at least in part of the body, the rest of species have these kinds of chaetae with both tines of the same thickness. However, P. mackiei sp. nov. differs from them in terms of the following characters: (1) Lyrate notochaetae: the new species and P. nipponica present lyrate notochaetae with tines of different thickness along body, however, P. mackiei sp. nov. show a slight increase in size of lyrate chaetae from anterior to posterior end, this character is unknown for P. nipponica; P. ilvana presents lyrate chaetae with tines of equal thickness in the anterior region, tines of different thickness in the posterior region; P. heterochaeta has lyrate chaetae with tines of equal thickness in the anterior region, while midbody and posterior chaetigers show the cooccurrence of chaetae with tines of both equal and unequal thickness in the posterior region; P. mexicanensis with two types of lyrate chaetae, on branchial region with distal end longer and thin with the short tine 3 / 4 the size of the long tine, longer than normal one in other species, in postbranchial region, with distal end shorter and stouter; in posterior chaetigers lyrate chaetae becoming thin again. (2) Prostomium shape: subtriangular, slightly longer than wide, anterior end distinctly conical in P. mackiei sp. nov.; triangular with anterior end weakly conical in P. ilvana; triangular, with anterior end distinctly conical in P. heterochaeta; conical, longer than wide in P. mexicanensis; and a subtriangular lobe, little longer than wide in P. nipponica. (3) Notopodial postchaetal lobes: short and subtriangular with wide base in the prebranchial region, globular to subtriangular in the branchial region, becoming subtriangular and thinner slightly longer in the postbranchial region, last eight progressively longer and thinner in the preanal region in P. mackiei sp. nov.; short and cirriform in prebranchial region, indistinctly digitiform in branchial region, short and triangular in postbranchial region in P. heterochaeta; short and rounded in prebranchial region, rudimentary in branchial region and long and triangular in postbranchial region in P. ilvana; in first two chaetigers of prebranchial region short and rounded, digitiform and increase in length from chaetiger 3 throughout branchial region, small as cylindrical protuberance in postbranchial region, becoming longer at chaetigers before pygidium in P. mexicanensis; short, digitate in prebranchial region, getting longer in branchial region, as small conical lobes in postbranchial region, filiform in preanal region in P. nipponica.	en	León-González, Jesús Angel De, Díaz-Castañeda, Victoria, Hernández, María Ana Tovar- (2025): On two new paraonids (Annelida, Paraonidae) from Bahía de los Angeles, Gulf of California, Mexico. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 63-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.3
