identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
5B4987F6F42BEE21FF39FB4F11DFFAF0.text	5B4987F6F42BEE21FF39FB4F11DFFAF0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aricidea (Acmira) blakei León-González & Díaz-Castañeda & Hernández 2025	<div><p>Aricidea (Acmira) blakei sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 346CC7E7-44C4-4A11-8C6B-ED0AB8684FB7</p><p>Figures 1–4</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype (UANL-8171),  2 paratypes (UANL-8172), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-113.50281&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.89534" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -113.50281/lat 28.89534)">Bahía de los Angeles</a>, Baja California, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-113.50281&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.89534" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -113.50281/lat 28.89534)">Gulf of California</a>, Mexico, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-113.50281&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.89534" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -113.50281/lat 28.89534)">Station M3-2</a>, November 14, 2013, N28.89534 W113.50281, 17 m depth.</p><p>Additional material</p><p>12 specimens. 1 specimen, (UANL-8173), Bahía de los Angeles, Baja California, Gulf of California, Mexico, Station M2-4, November 14, 2013, N28.90032 W113.48569, 17 m depth; 1 specimen, (UANL-8174), Station M4- 2, N28.89650 W113.51538, 14 m depth; 1 specimen, (UANL-8175), Station M5-4, N28.90727 W113.52895, 16 m depth; 1 specimen, (UANL-8176), Station M8-1, N28.94241 W113.55211, 10.8 m depth; 1 specimen, (UANL-8177), Station M8-3, N28.94241 W113.55211, 10.6 m depth; 1 specimen, (UANL-8178), Station M11-1, N28.97932 W113.54205, 12.8 m depth; 3 specimens, Station M11-2, (UANL-8179), N28.97932 W113.54205, 12.9 m depth; 4 specimens, (UANL-8180), Station M11-3, N28.97932 W113.54205, 11.1 m depth; 1 specimen, (UANL-8181), Station M12-1, N28.99071 W113.54576, 11.4 m depth.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype complete, 11 mm long (8–11 mm in paratypes), 0.5 mm wide (0.3–0.7 mm in paratypes) with 140 chaetigers (124–140 in complete paratypes). Color in preserved worms pale yellowish. Body cylindrical and robust, branchial region thicker than pre- and postbranchial regions (Fig. 1A). First three segments with a median dorsal crest (mdc) (Figs 1A–B, 3B, 4A), in specimen prepared for SEM, crest appears as a dorsally cleft elevation, whereas in specimens examined under light microscopy, the crest is an uncleaved elevation (Figs 3A, 4A). Prostomium subtriangular, wider than long, anterior margin rounded (Figs 1A–B, 3A). Eyes absent in all specimens. With a pair of crown-like ciliary bands (clcb) inserted in postero-lateral side of prostomium. A pair of ciliary slits (cs) located anteriorly to nuchal organs, semicircular in shape (Fig. 1B–C). Antenna digitiform, short, extend back to mid part of first chaetiger, with discrete swollen base and small group of cilia surrounding base (Fig. 2A). A pair of nuchal organs present, as diagonal, narrow, deep, short and slanted slits placed on dorso-lateral sides of posterior prostomium; dense internal ciliation not reaching outer margin of slits (Figs 1A–B, 2A).</p><p>A dorsal ciliary band present on mid-dorsal transversal line of each pre-branchial and branchial chaetiger: that of chaetiger #1 form a complete ciliary band with short cilia, that of chaetiger #2 divided in two small bands with short cilia, those of chaetiger #3 forming almost an entire band of medium length cilia. From chaetiger #5 to end of branchial region all ciliary bands are entire with very long cilia (Fig. 1A). A pair of short dorsal ciliary bands (sdcb) present just posterior to base of each branchia (Figs 1A, 2B). Intersegmental ciliary bands not present.</p><p>Branchiae numbering 20 pairs in holotype (15–24 pairs in paratypes), starting on chaetiger #4, foliaceous with wide base, tapering towards distal part and digitiform tip, slightly longer in middle branchial region, last pair of branchiae shorter than others (Fig. 1A); dense ciliary bands on both sides of branchiae from the basal part to subdistal region, bare distal part (Figs. 1A, 2B, 4B); branchiae shorter than segment width. Branchiae length/wide: 254.9 μm/110.8 μm in anterior region (chaetiger #4); 376.8 μm/110.8 μm in middle region (chaetiger #11), 221.6 μm/55.4 μm in posterior region (chaetiger #23).</p><p>Notopodial papillae absent. Notopodial postchaetal lobes present in prebranchial region; short, conical on first two chaetigers (Figs. 1B, 3C); increasing in length and becoming stout, digitiform with asymmetrical swollen base on chaetiger #3 (Figs. 1B, 3D, 4A); in the branchial region they increase in size until penultimate pair of branchiae, cirriform and thin tips (Figs. 3E, 4B), from last pair of branchiae onwards cirri are thin and long, filiform (Figs. 3F–G). Neuropodial postchaetal lobe as hemispherical tubercle present from chaetigers 1 to 32.</p><p>Lateral sense organs present on all chaetigers, located between noto- and neuropodia, closest to and slightly behind postchaetal lobe (Fig. 1B), with flexible cilia distinctly protruding from opening or embedded into pore.</p><p>Three main types of chaetae present: limbate, capillary and modified neurochaetae (Figs. 2C–E). First 17 chaetigers with very numerous limbate chaetae, thick basally, attenuating towards distal part. In chaetiger #18 thin capillary chaetae appear, of lesser abundance. Modified neuropodial chaetae present from chaetiger #32 (21–36 in paratypes) to the last chaetigers, absent on 2 prepygidial segments, numbering 1–3 in each neuropodium. Anterior parapodia with only one modified neurochaeta 2.8 μm wide; median parapodia with three modified neurochaeta of different widths (inferior 5.6 μm wide, middle 2.8 μm wide, superior 8.4 μm wide); posterior parapodia with modified neurochaetae also of different widths (inferior 5.6 μm, middle 8.4 μm, superior 11.2 μm wide (Figs. 2E, 4C). Modified neurochaetae accompanied by thin capillary chaetae (Fig. 2E); neurochaetae as curved hooks (90° degrees towards terminal region), with strong hood, hood with numerous fibrils and encompassing curved end of shaft except for small subdistal gap (Fig. 2C); with a short, thin and fragile arista arising from terminal region, in most of the specimens the arista is missing, but insertion scar of where it was implanted is visible only using SEM imaging (Fig. 2D).</p><p>Pygidium with three cirri, two inserted ventro-laterally, one cirrus placed mid-ventrally, short, all digitiform with the base wider, tapering towards the distal part (Fig. 2F). Pygidium surrounded by a band of cilia, much denser in the dorsal region than in the ventral region, usually each cilium emerges from a pore, in ventral region with groups of cilia emerging from a single pore. Anal cirri with clusters of cilia emerging from pores (Fig. 2F).</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Specific name is in honor of James A. Blake, a great American polychaetologist whose trajectory and excellent work on the knowledge of annelid polychaetes, including paraonids, made systematics easier and inspired many generations.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The subgenus  Acmira has traditionally been used to place species easily recognized by having a variety of modified neurochaetae (Blake, 2019), which are thick or thin curved spines, with or without hoods, filaments, teeth or accessory spines. Before this work,  Aricidea (Acmira) was represented by 34 species and two subspecies after Blake (2019), Barroso et al. (2020), Erdoğan-Dereli &amp; Çinar (2020) and Plathong et al. (2020).</p><p>Aricidea (Acmira) blakei sp. nov., is mainly characterized by having a short digitiform antenna (not exceeding chaetiger 1) with a discrete swollen base; by possessing notopodial postchaetal lobes with asymmetrical base swollen in prebranchial and branchial region, changing gradually in size and shape from the first two chaetigers to the last pair of branchiae; last pair of branchiae being shorter than the rest; and by having curved hooks with a very strong hood and a fragile arista.</p><p>Aricidea (Acmira) blakei sp. nov.,  A. elongata Imajima, 1973,  Aricidea eximia Imajima, 1973,  Aricidea katzmanni Erdoğan-Dereli &amp; Çinar, 2020 and  Aricidea catherinae sensu Aguirrezabalaga (2012) belong to a small group of species characterized by possessing a rather slender antenna, reaching back to the 1 st, 2 nd- 3 rd chaetigers, without inflated median region; relatively long, tapered branchiae; modified neurochaetae which gradually become thicker towards the pygidium, with a thin terminal arista that easily breaks.  Aricidea (Acmira) blakei sp. nov. differ from these species in terms of the following characteristics: (1) the shape and size of antenna: digitiform, short, extends back to mid part of first chaetiger in A.  (A.) blakei sp. nov.; slender, long, extends to the anterior part of third chaetiger, basally swollen in A.  (A.) eximia; slender, long, extends back to second to fourth chaetiger in  A. (A.) elongata; digitiform, with more or less swollen region above mid-region, with cilia, extends to chaetiger 2 in A.  (A.) katzmanni; thicker in the middle zone, becomes attenuated and ends in a thin point, inserted slightly in front of the middle of the prostomium, long, extends to the chaetiger 3 in A.  (A.) catherinae sensu Aguirrezabalaga 2012 . (2) The shape and size of last pairs of branchiae: last pair of branchiae shorter than the anterior ones but similar in shape in A.  (A.) blakei sp. nov.; last two pairs of branchiae extremely long with filamentous distal part, each branchia is about two times as long as the former in A.  (A.) eximia; posterior four pairs of branchiae are noticeably longer and slender, each is longer than the width of the segment, and ends as slender filamentous tip in  A. (A.) elongata; last two pairs of branchiae are cylindrical, smaller than the previous ones, the last pair is the smallest and thinnest in A.  (A.) katzmanni and A.  (A.) catherinae sensu Aguirrezabalaga 2012 . (3) The shape of first two postchaetal notopodial lobes: conical in A.  (A.) blakei sp. nov.; extremely small, barely visible in A.  (A.) eximia; cirriform in  A. (A.) elongata and A.  (A.) katzmanni; digitiform in A.  (A.) catherinae sensu Aguirrezabalaga 2012 . (4) Shape of the postchaetal notopodial lobe base in anterior parapodia: with asymmetrical swollen bases in A.  (A.) blakei sp. nov., A.  (A.) eximia and  A. (A.) elongata, and with symmetrical bases in A.  (A.) katzmanni and  A. (A.) catherinae; (5) The presence and shape of neuropodial lobe: absent in A.  (A.) eximia and  A. (A.) elongata; as short ridges on chaetigers 1–11 in A.  (A.) katzmanni; as hemispherical tubercles in postbranchial region, from chaetigers 1–29 in A.  (A.) catherinae sensu Aguirrezabalaga 2012, and from chaetigers 1–32 in A.  (A.) blakei sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5B4987F6F42BEE21FF39FB4F11DFFAF0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	León-González, Jesús Angel De;Díaz-Castañeda, Victoria;Hernández, María Ana Tovar-	León-González, Jesús Angel De, Díaz-Castañeda, Victoria, Hernández, María Ana Tovar- (2025): On two new paraonids (Annelida, Paraonidae) from Bahía de los Angeles, Gulf of California, Mexico. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 63-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.3
5B4987F6F42BEE22FF39FCC41089FED4.text	5B4987F6F42BEE22FF39FCC41089FED4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aricidea (Acmira) Hartley 1981	<div><p>Subgenus  Aricidea (Acmira) Hartley, 1981</p><p>Type species.  Aricidea catherinae Laubier, 1967</p><p>Diagnosis: Prostomium subtriangular, pear-shaped to oval, with rounded anterior margin; antenna simple, usually unbranched and unarticulated. Posterior lip of mouth extending through ventral surface of first two chaetigers. Chaetae of three types: limbate in the anterior part, thin capillaries in the post-branchial region, and modified neurochaetae which are heavy, curved spines with or without hood, with or without accessory filaments, teeth or bristles, always thicker than notochaetae and accompanying capillary neurochaetae (Blake, 2019).</p><p>Key to species of  Aricidea (Acmira) of the world. In square brackets is the region where the type locality is contained.</p><p>1 Modified neurochaetae with arista....................................................................... 2</p><p>- Modified neurochaetae without arista.................................................................... 23</p><p>2(1) Modified neurochaetae with hood........................................................................ 3</p><p>- Modified neurochaetae without hood.................................................................... 11</p><p>3(2) Modified neurochaetae generally with distal pubescence...................................................... 4</p><p>- Modified neurochaetae without pubescence................................................................ 8</p><p>4(3) Pubescence in most of the modified neurochaetae, distal arista inserted subdistally; median antenna with thin base and inflated, rounded tip, not extending beyond posterior margin of prostomium............................................................................... A. (A.) filamentosa Barroso, Paiva &amp; Ranauro, 2020 [Espírito Santo Basin, Brazil].</p><p>- All neurochaetae modified with pubescence; antenna extending beyond posterior margin of prostomium................ 5</p><p>5(4) Antenna inserted anteriorly, reaching middle of chaetiger 1, digitiform, with two sub-distal constrictions and rounded distally; last pair of branchiae narrow and long; modified neurochaetae bearing a tuft of distal pubescence and sometimes a short distal arista................................ A. (A.) bbkingi Barroso, Paiva &amp; Ranauro, 2020 [Espírito Santo Basin, Brazil]</p><p>- Antennae smooth, without constrictions, inserted medially; modified neurochaetae with distal or subdistal arista on convex side of shaft............................................................................................. 6</p><p>6(5) Antenna extend back to mid part of first chaetiger, digitiform; notopodial postchaetal lobe short and conical in first two chaetigers; modified neurochaetae with distal arista only seen by SEM........................................................................................... A.  (A.) blakei sp. nov. [Bahía de los Angeles, Gulf of California]</p><p>- Antenna extend back to chaetiger 2 or beyond; notopodial lobe short and cirriform in first two chaetigers............... 7</p><p>7(6) Antenna extending to chaetiger 2; digitiform with more or less swollen region above mid-region; notopodial postchaetal lobe in postbranchial segments long, stout, finger-like; with 10–21 pairs of branchiae; modified neurochaetae with distal arista................................................. A.  (A.) katzmanni Erdoğan-Dereli &amp; Çinar, 2020 [Sea of Marmara]</p><p>- Antenna extending to chaetigers 3–6, slightly thicker initially, then tapering, sometimes weakly telescoping then tapering to pointed tip; notopodial lobe in postbranchial segments filiform; with up to 50 pairs of branchiae; modified neurochaeta with subdistal arista on convex side of shaft.......  A. (A.) lopezi Berkeley &amp; Berkeley, 1956 [ Eastern Pacific, British Columbia]</p><p>8(3) Antenna thick, not reaching posterior margin of prostomium; with 28–30 pairs of branchiae, last pair somewhat longer, narrower; modified neurochaetae curved, acicular, with hooked tip bearing 3–4 spines, with subapical hood on concave side of tip......................................................... A. (A.) rubra Hartman, 1963 [off California, USA]</p><p>- Antenna reaching chaetiger 4........................................................................... 9</p><p>9(8) Antenna long (extends back to chaetiger 2–4), slender; with 19–20 pairs of branchiae, last four pairs are noticeably longer than the width of segment, with a slender filamentous tip; notopodial papilla absent; notopodial lobe in first two prebranchial chaetigers short and cirriform............................................  A. (A.) elongata Imajima, 1973 [Japan] 1</p><p>- Antenna short (not exceeding chaetiger 2), broad near base or medially; with up to 16 pairs of branchiae; notopodial papilla present............................................................................................ 10</p><p>10(9) Antenna with thin base, central part swollen, then thin and cylindrical in its distal part; notopodial postchaetal lobe thick, short, digitiform in first two chaetigers, becoming thicker and longer with weakly asymmetrical basal swelling from chaetiger 3 to branchial region, long and filiform in postbranchial region...  A. (A.) catherinae Laubier, 1967 [Mediterranean Sea, France]</p><p>- Antenna clavate, unequally bifid distally, with small subterminal process; notopodial postchaetal lobe small, spherical in first two chaetigers, more elongate in the third chaetiger, subulated in branchial region, becoming slenderer and cirriform in postbranchial region...........................  A. (A.) philbinae Brown, 1976 [East and west coasts of Florida, USA]</p><p>11(2) Modified neurochaeta with subterminal pubescence........................................................ 12</p><p>- Modified neurochaeta without subterminal pubescence...................................................... 21</p><p>12(11) Antenna does not extend beyond the posterior margin of first chaetiger......................................... 13</p><p>- Antenna extending to chaetiger 2 or beyond............................................................... 14</p><p>13(12) Antenna inserted medially, it reaches back to about the midline of the first chaetiger; notopodial papilla present in first 14 chaetigers; modified neurochaetae with arista inserted medially...............................................................................................  A. (A.) laubieri Hartley, 1981 [Smith Bank, Moray Firth, Scotland]</p><p>- Antenna inserted anteriorly, extending to posterior part of prostomium; notopodial papilla absent; modified neurochaetae with arista inserted distally........................  A. (A.) pseudoassimilis Erdoğan-Dereli &amp; Çinar, 2020 [Sea of Marmara]</p><p>14(12) Modified neurochaetae with arista inserted subdistally on convex side.......................................... 15</p><p>- Modified neurochaetae with arista or long fibrils inserted basally on convex side................................. 18</p><p>15(14) Antenna inserted medially, extended beyond the second chaetiger; neuropodial postchaetal lobe present................ 16</p><p>- Antenna inserted distally, extended back to chaetiger 2, moderately inflated in proximal region; neuropodial postchaetal lobe absent; notopodial postchaetal lobe cirriform in prebranchial and branchial region..........................................................................................  A. (A.) bispinata Cantone, 1994 [Ross Sea, Antarctica]</p><p>16(15) Notopodial postchaetal lobe with asymmetrical basal enlargement on branchial region. Modified neurochaetae of two types, with or without terminal arista.......................................................................... 17</p><p>- Notopodial postchaetal lobes short, thick and cirriform on first two chaetigers; long and thick between chaetiger 3–6; filiform on posterior chaetigers. Modified neurochaetae of three types: type I long, relatively thin, with a strong and thick arista at tip; type II short, thicker than others, with a distal end curving at 90°, fibrils (hirsute) subterminally; type III short, thick, with a curved distal end and a strong arista at tip, hirsute subterminally...... A. (A.) annae Laubier, 1967 [ Western Mediterranean]</p><p>17(16) Antenna extends back to chaetiger 3–4; with 20–28 pairs of branchiae; modified neurochaetae from chaetiger 20–22; with notopodial papilla..................................................  A. (A.) finitima Strelzov, 1973 [Scotia Sea] 2</p><p>- Antenna extends back to chaetiger 6; with 12 pairs of branchiae; modified neurochaetae from chaetiger 28–30; notopodial papilla absent......................................................  A. (A.) mirifica Strelzov, 1973 [Antarctica]</p><p>18(14) Neuropodial postchaetal lobe present.................................................................... 19</p><p>- Neuropodial postchaetal lobe absent..................................................................... 20</p><p>19(18) Antenna extending to posterior margin of chaetiger 1, inserted centrally; neuropodial postchaetal lobe from chaetiger 1–19, short, digitiform anteriorly; short, cirriform posteriorly, does not exceed half the size of the neurochaetae............................................................ A. (A.) meridionalis Laubier &amp; Ramos 1974 [Western Mediterranean]</p><p>- Antenna extends back to chaetiger 5, inserted distally; neuropodial postchaetal lobe from chaetiger 1–37, slender digitate, as long as the size of the neurochaetae..................................... (A.) (A.) horikoshii Imajima, 1973 [Japan]</p><p>20(18) Antenna clubbed, thin in the proximal part, thickening towards the distal part; notopodial postchaetal lobe short, cylindrical in first two chaetigers, long and subulated on chaetiger 3 and branchial chaetigers.................................................................................................... A.  (A.) taylori Pettibone, 1915 [Florida, USA]</p><p>- Antenna long, thin, extends back to chaetiger 3–10; notopodial postchaetal lobe short and cirriform in first two chaetigers, long and thin on chaetiger 3 and branchial chaetigers, with strongly developed asymmetrical basal enlargement.......................................................................... A. (A.) assimilis Tebble, 1959 [Mediterranean Sea]</p><p>21(11) Antenna extends back to chaetiger 2, cirriform; notopodial postchaetal lobe in first two prebranchial chaetigers short and cylindrical; with 10–13 pairs of branchiae..............................................................................................  A. (A.) strelzovi Hartmann-Schröder &amp; Rosenfeldt, 1990 [Off Elephant Island, Antarctica]</p><p>- Antenna does not reach posterior margin of prostomium; notopodial postchaetal lobe in first two prebranchial chaetigers conical or cirriform........................................................................................ 22</p><p>22(21) Antenna oval; notopodial prechaetal lobe in first two prebranchial chaetigers conical; modified neurochaetae from chaetiger 13, with small arista; interramal lobe absent......................... A. (A.) brevicornis (Hartmann-Schröder, 1962) [Peru]</p><p>- Antenna club-shaped; notopodial prechaetal lobe in first two prebranchial chaetigers cirriform, from chaetiger 3 to 5 with a weak asymmetrical basal enlargement; modified neurochaetae from chaetigers 24–25, with long distal arista; interramal lobe present on branchial segments................................... A. (A.) punctata (Hartmann-Schröder, 1962) [Peru]</p><p>23(1) Modified neurochaetae with hood....................................................................... 24</p><p>- Modified neurochaetae without hood.................................................................... 29</p><p>24(23) Modified neurochaetae with distal pubescence; antenna does not reach posterior margin of prostomium............... 25</p><p>- Modified neurochaetae without pubescence; antenna extending beyond posterior margin of prostomium............... 26</p><p>25(24) Claviform antenna, reaches posterior margin of prostomium; last pair of branchiae shorter than anterior ones; prebranchial notopodial postchaetal lobes short and conical in first two chaetigers, the third three times longer than anterior ones; lobes of branchial chaetigers cirriform, 1/3 the length of branchiae.................... A.  (A.) pigmentata Carrasco, 1976 [Chile]</p><p>- Antenna swollen basally, extends back to anterior part of third chaetiger; last two pairs of branchiae extremely elongate, with filamentous distal part, two times as long as former; notopodial postchaetal lobe in first two chaetigers extremely small; those of branchial region slender, digitate, 2/3 as long as accompanying branchiae........ A.  (A.) eximia Imajima, 1973 [Japan] 3</p><p>26(24) Neuropodial postchaetal lobe present; branchiae from chaetiger 3; with 48–68 pairs of branchiae, last one shorter than anterior ones; notopodial postchaetal lobe from first chaetiger long, digitiform, that of the second chaetiger slightly longer; postchaetal lobe cirriform in branchial and postbranchial region.................................................................................. A. (A.) anusakdii Plathong, Hernández-Alcántara, Harris &amp; Plathong, 2020 [Gulf of Thailand] 4</p><p>- Neuropodial postchaetal lobe absent..................................................................... 27</p><p>27(26) Interramal lobe present as rudimentary ridges in branchial region; antenna thick, finger like, with dense ciliation, inserted in mid prostomium, not reaching chaetiger 1; notopodial postchaetal lobe short and cirriform in first two chaetigers, longer, thick, finger like from chaetigers 3 to 20; thin, long and filiform in postbranchial chaetigers.....................................................................................  A. (A.) cerruti Laubier, 1966 [Western Mediterranean Sea]</p><p>- Interramal lobe absent................................................................................ 28</p><p>28(27) Antenna inserted in mid prostomium; notopodial postchaetal lobe tuberculate in chaetigers 1–5, cirriform from chaetiger 6 to the end of branchial region, long and filiform with spherical tip in postbranchial region...............................................................................  A. (A.) pearti Barroso, Paiva &amp; Ranauro, 2020 [Eastern Brazil]</p><p>- Antenna inserted in mid anterior prostomium; notopodial postchaetal lobe bulbous in first two chaetigers, digitiform from third chaetiger and branchiate region, becoming filiform posteriorly.............  A. (A.) cerruti pacifica Imajima, 1973 [Japan]</p><p>29(23) Modified neurochaetae with distal pubescence............................................................. 30</p><p>- Modified neurochaetae without pubescence............................................................... 31</p><p>30(29) Antenna proximally inflated, tapering to short blunt end, does not reach posterior margin of prostomium; last four pairs of branchiae smaller than others; modified neurochaetae from chaetiger 18 with blunt shaft surrounded by pubescence in median and distal end of chaetae, some with one or two distal filaments clearly long; neuropodial postchaetal lobe absent........................ A.  (A.) hirsuta Arriaga-Hernández, Hernández-Alcántara &amp; Solís-Weiss, 2013 [ Southern Gulf of Mexico]</p><p>- Antenna slender, extending back to anterior part of chaetiger 3; posterior branchiae longer than anterior ones; modified neurochaetae from chaetiger 31, with hirsute tip, anterior filaments noticeably long; neuropodial postchaetal lobe present as inconspicuous low tubercles.................................... A. (A.) flava Zhou &amp; Reuscher, 2013 [Chinese Sea]</p><p>31(29) With up to eight pairs of branchiae...................................................................... 32</p><p>- With more than 14 pairs of branchiae.................................................................... 33</p><p>32(31) With four pairs of branchiae increasing slightly in size posteriorly; neuropodial modified neurochaetae present from chaetiger 40, curved, falcate; notopodial postchaetal lobe in first chaetiger inconspicuous, digitiform in second and third; cirriform in branchial chaetigers........................ A. (A.) tetrabranchia Hartman &amp; Fauchald, 1971 [Western North Atlantic]</p><p>- With four to eight pairs of branchiae (very fragile, have fallen off on all specimens of the type description, only distinguished by the branchial bases); modified neurochaetae from chaetiger 20–22, with three types: slightly curved and strongly pointed hooks, thick, but with elongated tip, and with strongly curved tip; notopodial postchaetal lobe in first two chaetigers minute, semispherical, those of third chaetiger digitiform; in branchial region cirriform, increasing in size to posterior chaetigers..................................... A. (A.) jeaneteae Langeneck, Busoni, Aliani &amp; Castelli, 2017 [ Western Ionian Sea]</p><p>33(31) Modified neurochaetae thick, curved distally at an angle of 90°............................................... 34</p><p>- Modified neurochaetae thin, slightly curved............................................................... 35</p><p>34(33) With 16 to 18 pairs of branchiae; notopodial postchaetal lobe in first chaetiger conical; in second and third chaetigers and branchial region digitate, but in branchial region shorter than in chaetigers 2 and 3; in postbranchial region thin, filiform.............................................................. A. (A.) neosuecica  nipponica Imajima, 1973 [Japan]</p><p>- With 30 pairs of branchiae; notopodial postchaetal lobe in first two chaetigers cirriform, in third chaetiger longer than previous chaetigers; in branchial region cirriform, 2/3 the branchial size; in postbranchial region similar, slightly shorter than those of branchial region..................................... A.  (A.) simplex Day, 1963 [West of Cape Town, South Africa]</p><p>35(33) Antenna does not reach the posterior margin of prostomium.................................................. 36</p><p>- Antenna slender, inserted medially, reaching chaetiger 2; prostomium distally trilobate; modified neurochaetae of two kinds: with mucronate tips, and thin, slightly recurved; notopodial postchaetal lobe in first two chaetigers extremely small, inconspicuous.................................................................... A. (A.) trilobata Imajima, 1973 [Japan]</p><p>36(35) Prostomium subtriangular, with frontal eversible palpode; antenna papilliform, inserted medially; branchiae from chaetiger 3, with 18–30 pairs of branchiae, last two pairs smaller than previous ones; notopodial postchaetal lobe in first two chaetigers cirriform........................................ A.  (A.) simonae Laubier &amp; Ramos, 1974 [Mediterranean, France] 6</p><p>- Prostomium trilobate, wider than long; antenna short, slender, inserted posteriorly; with 13–14 pairs of branchiae, last five pairs decrease evenly in size, slender tips become less distinct than in anterior branchial segments; notopodial postchaetal lobe in first two chaetigers short and digitate............... A. (A.) crassicapitis Fauchald, 1972 [ Cedros Island, Off Western Mexico]</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5B4987F6F42BEE22FF39FCC41089FED4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	León-González, Jesús Angel De;Díaz-Castañeda, Victoria;Hernández, María Ana Tovar-	León-González, Jesús Angel De, Díaz-Castañeda, Victoria, Hernández, María Ana Tovar- (2025): On two new paraonids (Annelida, Paraonidae) from Bahía de los Angeles, Gulf of California, Mexico. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 63-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.3
5B4987F6F422EE3BFF39F9D21088F936.text	5B4987F6F422EE3BFF39F9D21088F936.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paradoneis Hartman 1965	<div><p>Genus  Paradoneis Hartman, 1965</p><p>Type species:  Paraonis lyra Southern, 1914</p><p>Diagnosis: Body long, thin, slightly enlarged anteriorly. Prostomium variable in shape (conical, triangular, subtriangular, rounded or truncated anteriorly). Median antenna absent. Eyes usually absent. Prostomial ciliary bands present or absent. Longitudinal nuchal grooves along posterior prostomium margin. Peristomium indistinct or distinct dorsally. Three to six prebranchial segments; branchiae from chaetigers 4–7, numbering 5–48 pairs. All segments with notopodial postchaetal lobes; neuropodial lobes absent. Notochaetae include capillaries and either lyrate chaetae, modified spines, or simple curved spines; neurochaetae capillaries, a few species with curved neuropodial spines in posterior segments. Pygidium rounded terminally, with three anal cirri (Magalhães et al. 2018, Blake, 2019).</p><p>Key to species of  Paradoneis modified from Martínez (2019). In square brackets is the region where the type locality is contained</p><p>1 Branchiae present.................................................................................... 2</p><p>- Branchiae absent.................................  Paradoneis abranchiata Hartman, 1965 [Western North Atlantic]</p><p>2(1) One pair of branchiae..........................................  Paradoneis juvenalis (Hartmann-Schröder, 1974)</p><p>- Three or more pairs of branchiae......................................................................... 3</p><p>3(2) One kind of modified notochaetae....................................................................... 4</p><p>- Two kinds of modified notochaetae: lyriform in anterior chaetigers, acicular on median and posterior chaetigers......... 31</p><p>4(3) Modified notochaetae acicular or spinelike................................................................. 5</p><p>- Modified notochaetae lyriform.......................................................................... 8</p><p>5(4) Modified notochaetae spinelike.......................................................................... 6</p><p>- Modified notochaetae acicular.......................................................................... 7</p><p>6(5) Spinelike notochaetae straight, distally pointed; 6 prebranchial chaetigers; 8–10 pairs of branchiae.....................................................................  Paradoneis drachi Laubier &amp; Ramos, 1974 [Mediterranean Sea]</p><p>- Spinelike notochaetae curved, distally rounded; 4–5 prebranchial chaetigers; 12–20 pairs of branchiae.................................................................  Paradoneis spinifera (Hobson, 1972) [Puget Sound, Washington]</p><p>7(5) Acicular notochaetae beginning in prebranchial chaetigers, three prebranchial chaetigers; 3–4 pairs of branchiae.....................................................  Paradoneis perkinsi (McLelland &amp; Gaston, 1994) [Northwest Florida]</p><p>- Acicular notochaetae beginning in branchial chaetigers, four prebranchial chaetigers; 10 pairs of branchiae...................  Paradoneis magdalenaensis (de León-González, Hernández-Guevara &amp; Rodríguez-Valencia, 2006) [Western Mexico]</p><p>8(4) Posterior chaetigers with spinelike neurochaetae............................................................ 9</p><p>- All neuropodia with capillary chaetae.................................................................... 11</p><p>9(8) Up to 18 pairs of branchiae; notopodial postchaetal lobes on prebranchial region papiliform; pygidium with four anal cirri.................................................  Paradoneis andreae López &amp; Sikorski, 2017 [Northeast Atlantic]</p><p>- Up to 12 pairs of branchiae; notopodial postchaetal lobes on prebranchial region tuberculate or triangular; pygidium with three anal cirri........................................................................................... 10</p><p>10(9) Up to 12 pairs of branchiae, marginally ciliated; notopodial postchaetal lobes on prebranchial region tuberculate; three long anal cirri, two ventrolateral and one midventral shorter than ventrolateral..................................................................................................  Paradoneis eliasoni Mackie, 1991 [Northern Europe]</p><p>- Up to 7 pairs of smooth branchiae; notopodial postchaetal lobes on prebranchial region distinctly triangular; three short, subequal anal cirri..................  Paradoneis strelzovi de León-González &amp; Díaz-Castañeda, 2011 [Western Mexico]</p><p>11(8) Three prebranchial chaetigers.......................................................................... 12</p><p>- Four prebranchial chaetigers........................................................................... 29</p><p>12(11) Lyrate notochaetae starting on prebranchial region.......................................................... 13</p><p>- Lyrate notochaetae starting on branchial region............................................................ 21</p><p>13(12) Fifteen or more pairs of branchiae....................................................................... 14</p><p>- Up to 10 pairs of branchiae............................................................................ 26</p><p>14(13) More than 20 pairs of branchiae........................................................................ 15</p><p>- Up to 20 pairs of branchiae............................................................................ 16</p><p>15(14) Lyrate neurochaetae from chaetiger 2; with 23–26 pairs of branchiae.......  Paradoneis nipponica (Imajima, 1973) [Japan]</p><p>- Lyrate neurochaetae from chaetiger 3; with 25–48 pairs of branchiae.............................................................................................  P. kamaehu Magalhães, Bailey-Brock &amp; Barroso, 2018 [Hawaii]</p><p>16(14) With 8–14 pairs of branchiae, longer than segment width; notopodial postchaetal lobes on branchial and postbranchial region (except in the last 4–5 chaetigers) similar in size............................................................................................  Paradoneis lyra guadalupensis (Amoureux, 1985) [Caribbean Sea, Guadaloupe Island] 1</p><p>- Up to 15 pairs of branchiae............................................................................ 17</p><p>17(16) A single type of lyrate notochaetae...................................................................... 18</p><p>- Several types of lyrate notochaetae...................................................................... 20</p><p>18(17) Branchiae of middle branchial region thin, digitiform; notopodial postchaetal lobes on prebranchial region digitiform...........................................................  P. lyra (Southern, 1914) [Irish Exclusive Economic Zone]</p><p>- Branchiae of middle branchial region cirriform, elongated, basally thickened..................................... 19</p><p>19(18) Notopodial postchaetal lobes short, cirriform, increasing gradually in length on prebranchial region; in anterior part of branchial region digitiform, in middle and posterior part thick, finger-like, weakly jointed......................................................................................  P. longifurcata Erdoğan-Dereli &amp; Çinar, 2019 [Sea of Marmara]</p><p>- Notopodial postchaetal lobes short, oval, getting longer on prebranchial region; on branchial region longer, finger-like; short, finger-like or elongated spindle-shaped to oblong oval on prebranchial region.................................................................................  P. brunnea (Hartmann-Schröder &amp; Rosenfeldt, 1988) [Southern Ocean]</p><p>20(17) Lyrate notochaetae on prebranchial and branchial region with equal branch thickness and pilose handle; those of postbranchial region similar to anterior ones but without pilose handle; from chaetiger 19, two types of lyrate chaetae (equal and unequal branch thickness) present on the same parapodium........  P. heterochaeta Erdoğan-Dereli &amp; Çinar, 2019 [ Sea of Marmara]</p><p>- Lyrate notochaetae of two types, from branchial region having distal portion long with thin inner teeth; postbranchial lyriform notochaetae with distal part short and stout, with inner teeth stouter.............................................................  P. mexicanensis Quintanar-Retama, Hernández-Alcántara &amp; Solís-Weiss, 2019 [ Southern Gulf of Mexico]</p><p>21(12) Postbranchial lyrate notochaetae with tines of equal thickness along body........................................ 22</p><p>- Lyrate notochaetae with equal tine thickness in anterior region; unequal thickness in posterior region.............................................................................  Paradoneis ilvana Castelli, 1985 [Mediterranean Sea]</p><p>22(21) Notopodial postchaetal lobes on prebranchial region not visible.......  Paradoneis lyra capensis (Day, 1955) [South Africa] 2</p><p>- Notopodial postchaetal lobes on prebranchial region remarkably visible......................................... 23</p><p>23(22) Notopodial postchaetal lobes on prebranchial region conical, uniform in length; 15–17 pairs of branchiae in adult specimens, slightly shorter than segment width............................  Paradoneis forticirrata (Strelzov, 1973) [West Pacific]</p><p>- Notopodial postchaetal lobes on prebranchial region conical or triangular, progressively increases in size; up to 14 pairs of branchiae........................................................................................... 24</p><p>24(23) Branchiae longer than body width, pygidium with two long mid-lateral cirri and one short mid-ventral cirrus.............................  P. carmelitensis Arriaga-Hernández, Hernández-Alcántara &amp; Solís-Weiss, 2013 [ Southern Gulf of Mexico]</p><p>- Branchiae shorter than body width, pygidium with three short equal anal cirri.................................... 25</p><p>25(24) Prostomium bluntly conical..............................  Paradoneis lyra (Southern, 1914) in partim [North Atlantic]</p><p>- Prostomium triangular, slightly longer than wide....................................................................  Paradoneis campechensis Quintanar-Retama, Hernández-Alcántara &amp; Solís-Weiss, 2019 [ Southern Gulf of Mexico]</p><p>26(13) Three (rarely 4) pairs of branchiae; all notopodial postchaetal lobes on branchial region uniform in length........................................................  Paradoneis perdidoensis (McLelland &amp; Gaston, 1994) [Northwest Florida]</p><p>- With up to 10 pairs of branchiae; last notopodial postchaetal lobe on branchial region clearly shorter than remainder...... 27</p><p>27(26) With 4–6 pairs of branchiae; lyrate chaetae with tines of equal thickness; notopodial postchaetal lobe digitiform on branchial chaetigers.......................................................................................... 28</p><p>- With 9–10 pairs of branchiae; lyrate notochaetae with tines of unequal thickness; notopodial postchaetal lobe on branchial chaetigers globular to subtriangular........................................................  P. mackiei sp. nov.</p><p>28(27) With 4–5 pairs of branchiae; pygidium with three anal cirri of similar size.........................................................  P. yucatanensis Quintanar-Retama, Hernández-Alcántara &amp; Solís-Weiss, 2019 [ Southern Gulf of Mexico]</p><p>- With 5–6 pairs of branchiae; pygidium with three anal cirri, two laterals filiform, and one ventral long and thick.......................................................................  Paradoneis idoiae Martínez, 2019 [Bay of Biscay]</p><p>29(11) Postbranchial lyriform notochaetae with tines of similar thickness.............................................. 30</p><p>- Postbranchial lyriform notochaetae with tines of unequal thickness........................................................................................  Paradoneis bathyilvana Aguirrezabalaga &amp; Gil, 2009 [Northeast Atlantic]</p><p>30(29) Up to 7 pairs of branchiae; postbranchial lyriform notochaetae with long hairs basally.........................................................................  Paradoneis hirsuta Sardá, Gil, Taboada &amp; Gili, 2009 [Mediterranean Sea]</p><p>- Up to 12 pairs of branchiae; postbranchial lyriform notochaetae with smooth shaft................................................................................  Paradoneis mikeli Aguirrezabalaga &amp; Gil, 2009 [Northeast Atlantic]</p><p>31(3) Up to 19 pairs of branchiae, blunt distally; modified notochaetae lyriform in anterior chaetigers, acicular with subterminal spine on median and posterior chaetigers...........................  Paradoneis armata Glémarec, 1966 [Northeast Atlantic]</p><p>- Up to 10 pairs of branchiae, rounded distally; modified notochaetae lyriform in anterior chaetigers, harpoon like in posterior chaetigers....................................................  Paradoneis harpagonea (Storch, 1967) [Red Sea]</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5B4987F6F422EE3BFF39F9D21088F936	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	León-González, Jesús Angel De;Díaz-Castañeda, Victoria;Hernández, María Ana Tovar-	León-González, Jesús Angel De, Díaz-Castañeda, Victoria, Hernández, María Ana Tovar- (2025): On two new paraonids (Annelida, Paraonidae) from Bahía de los Angeles, Gulf of California, Mexico. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 63-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.3
5B4987F6F425EE39FF39FF111675F9DB.text	5B4987F6F425EE39FF39FF111675F9DB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paradoneis mackiei León-González & Díaz-Castañeda & Hernández 2025	<div><p>Paradoneis mackiei sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 6D53FCC0-77EE-40A4-B30B-A5C1331A2150</p><p>Figures 5–7</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype, (UANL-8182),  two paratypes (UANL-8183) <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-113.51538&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.8965" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -113.51538/lat 28.8965)">Bahía de los Angeles</a>, Baja California, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-113.51538&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.8965" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -113.51538/lat 28.8965)">Gulf of California</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-113.51538&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.8965" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -113.51538/lat 28.8965)">Station M4-2</a>, November 14 2013, N28.89650, W113.51538, 14 m depth.</p><p>Additional material</p><p>11 specimens. 2 specimens, (UANL-8184) Los Angeles Bay, Baja California, Gulf of California, Station M1-2, November 14 2013, N28.90927, W113.48156, 18 m depth; 1 specimen, (UANL-8185), Station M1-4, N28.90927, W113.48156, 18 m depth; 3 specimens, (UANL-8186), Station M2-4, N28.90032, W113.48569, 17 m depth; 5 specimens, (UANL-8187), Station M3-1, N28.89534, W113.50281, 17 m depth.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype complete, 9 mm long (4.5–10 mm long in paratypes), 0.2 mm wide (0.15–0.2 mm wide in paratypes) with 84 chaetigers (83–89 chaetigers in paratypes). Color in ethanol pale yellowish. Body thin, cylindrical; significantly thicker at beginning of postbranchial region; gradually thinner towards posterior end. Prostomium subtriangular, slightly longer than wide, anterior end distinctly conical; eyespots present (Fig. 7A). Nuchal organs elongated, located dorsally (Fig. 7A). Two ciliated bands on the prostomium, dorsal one (ciliary slits) extended laterally, ventral one (crown like ciliary band) extended latero-dorsally without reaching the nuchal organs (Fig. 5A–B). Peristomium fused with prostomium ventrally indistinct, starting point posterior to nuchal organs (Fig. 7A–B), observed dorsally as a small fold overlapping posterior end of prostomium. Dorsal ciliary bands present on prebranchial segments, not seen posteriorly (Fig. 5A).</p><p>Branchiae lanceolate, ciliated on the outer margin from the proximal part to near distal end on each branchia. Beginning from chaetiger 4, holotype with 9 pairs, paratypes 9–10 pairs. Branchial length variable along the body; branchiae overlapping dorsally on chaetigers 6 to 10 (Figs 5A, 6A, 7A–B), slightly longer than body width, then becoming progressively shorter. Last pair of branchiae cirriform in shape (Fig. 7B). Notopodial postchaetal lobes shorter and subtriangular with wide base on prebranchial chaetigers (Figs 5A, 7B–C), globular to subtriangular on branchial segments (Figs 5A, 6A–B, 7D), becoming subtriangular and thinner slightly longer on postbranchial, median and posterior segments (Figs 6C–D, 7E–G), last eight notopodial prechaetal lobes (preanal region) progressively longer and thinner (Fig. 6E). Notopodial postchaetal lobe easily detached and lost in many median and posterior chaetigers. Lateral sense organs visible from chaetiger 2, seen on pre- and branchial chaetigers as depression on ventral side of notopodial postchaetal lobes (Fig. 6B). Neuropodial postchaetal lobes as low ridges, indistinct from body wall. Notopodial chaetae numbering 4–10 long capillaries in a tuft, reduced in number and length posteriorly, and 1–2 lyrated notochaetae from chaetigers 2. Lyrate notochaetae with tines of different size and thickness along body, each with an inner row of 7–8 spines, shorter branch slightly thicker, appears rigid, ending in a more or less blunt tip, the longer branch has a very thin and flexible distal part, ending in a point (Fig. 5C); long tine 2.4 times longer than short tine on anterior chaetigers, 2 times longer on median and posterior chaetigers; short tine 1.2 to1.4 times thicker than long tine. Lyrated notochaetae increase in size from anterior to posterior parapodia: 17.2µm from the base of the chaeta to the distal end of the short tine in branchial parapodia, 18.8 µm in middle parapodia and 20.2 µm in posterior parapodia (Fig. 7H–J). Neuropodial chaetae long capillaries in two rows, four capillaries on first neuropodium, 12–14 capillaries anteriorly, reduced to 4–8 posteriorly.</p><p>Pygidium oval, pygidial region with nine cirri, one pair corresponding to notopodial postchaetal lobes of a normal sized segment, two pairs corresponding to two preanal segments, migrate to ventral side, and three elongated anal cirri, two dorso-lateral and one mid-ventral, mid-ventral cirrus slightly thicker and shorter than lateral ones (Fig. 6D–E).</p><p>Etymology</p><p>This species is named in honor of Andrew S.Y. Mackie, a great British polychaetologist who inspired the first author to study paraonid polychaetes.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The genus  Paradoneis is composed of 30 valid species including two subspecies:  P. lyra capensis (Day, 1955) and  P. lyra guadalupensis (Amoreux, 1985) .</p><p>Paradoneis mackiei sp. nov., belongs to the group of  Paradoneis species with three pre-branchial chaetigers, lyrate notochaetae and without modified neurochaetae. Other species that share these characteristics are  Paradoneis lyra (Southern, 1914) from Clare Island, Ireland,  P. lyra capensis (Day, 1955) from South Africa,  P. forticirrata (Strelzov, 1973) from Kuril Islands,  P. nipponica Imajima, 1973 from Japan,  P. ilvana Castelli, 1985 from Italy,  P. lyra guadalupensis Amoreoux, 1985 from Guadeloupe Island, Antilles,  P. brunnea (Hartmann-Schröder &amp; Rosenfeldt, 1988) from Antarctica,  P. perdidoensis (McLelland &amp; Gaston, 1994) from Northwest Florida, Perdido Key,  P. carmelitensis Arriaga-Hernández, Hernández-Alcántara &amp; Solís-Weiss, 2013 from Terminos Lagoon, southern Gulf of Mexico,  P. kamaehu Magalhães, Bailey-Brock &amp; Barroso, 2018 from Mamala Bay, Oahu, Hawaii,  P. campechensis Quintanar-Retama, Hernández-Alcántara &amp; Solís-Weiss, 2019 from Campeche Sound, Mexico,  P. heterochaeta Erdoğan-Dereli &amp; Çinar, 2019 from Sea of Marmara,  P. idoiae Martínez, 2019 from Abra de Bilbao, Spain,  P. longifurcata Erdoğan-Dereli &amp; Çinar, 2019 from Sea of Marmara,  P. mexicanensis Quintanar-Retama, Hernández-Alcántara &amp; Solís-Weiss, 2019 from Southern Gulf of Mexico and  P. yucatanensis Quintanar-Retama, Hernández-Alcántara &amp; Solís-Weiss, 2019 from Southern Gulf of Mexico.</p><p>Of these species,  P. ilvana,  P. heterochaeta,  P. mexicanensis and  P. nipponica, and  P. mackiei sp. nov., have lyrate chaetae with tines of different thickness at least in part of the body, the rest of species have these kinds of chaetae with both tines of the same thickness. However,  P. mackiei sp. nov. differs from them in terms of the following characters: (1) Lyrate notochaetae: the new species and  P. nipponica present lyrate notochaetae with tines of different thickness along body, however,  P. mackiei sp. nov. show a slight increase in size of lyrate chaetae from anterior to posterior end, this character is unknown for  P. nipponica;  P. ilvana presents lyrate chaetae with tines of equal thickness in the anterior region, tines of different thickness in the posterior region;  P. heterochaeta has lyrate chaetae with tines of equal thickness in the anterior region, while midbody and posterior chaetigers show the cooccurrence of chaetae with tines of both equal and unequal thickness in the posterior region;  P. mexicanensis with two types of lyrate chaetae, on branchial region with distal end longer and thin with the short tine 3/4 the size of the long tine, longer than normal one in other species, in postbranchial region, with distal end shorter and stouter; in posterior chaetigers lyrate chaetae becoming thin again. (2) Prostomium shape: subtriangular, slightly longer than wide, anterior end distinctly conical in  P. mackiei sp. nov.; triangular with anterior end weakly conical in  P. ilvana; triangular, with anterior end distinctly conical in  P. heterochaeta; conical, longer than wide in  P. mexicanensis; and a subtriangular lobe, little longer than wide in  P. nipponica . (3) Notopodial postchaetal lobes: short and subtriangular with wide base in the prebranchial region, globular to subtriangular in the branchial region, becoming subtriangular and thinner slightly longer in the postbranchial region, last eight progressively longer and thinner in the preanal region in  P. mackiei sp. nov.; short and cirriform in prebranchial region, indistinctly digitiform in branchial region, short and triangular in postbranchial region in  P. heterochaeta; short and rounded in prebranchial region, rudimentary in branchial region and long and triangular in postbranchial region in  P. ilvana; in first two chaetigers of prebranchial region short and rounded, digitiform and increase in length from chaetiger 3 throughout branchial region, small as cylindrical protuberance in postbranchial region, becoming longer at chaetigers before pygidium in  P. mexicanensis; short, digitate in prebranchial region, getting longer in branchial region, as small conical lobes in postbranchial region, filiform in preanal region in  P. nipponica .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5B4987F6F425EE39FF39FF111675F9DB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	León-González, Jesús Angel De;Díaz-Castañeda, Victoria;Hernández, María Ana Tovar-	León-González, Jesús Angel De, Díaz-Castañeda, Victoria, Hernández, María Ana Tovar- (2025): On two new paraonids (Annelida, Paraonidae) from Bahía de los Angeles, Gulf of California, Mexico. Zootaxa 5601 (1): 63-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.3
