taxonID	type	description	language	source
552E87871348734F6F88F9FF2AF4FBF1.taxon	description	Morphology. Length 17 – 24 mm. Body convex, nearly black, shiny. Clypeus densely, coarsely punctate, rounded; anterior edge equipped with two distinct teeth separated by an impression, lateral edges raised in a ridge-shaped manner (Fig. 1). Frontoclypeal suture raised, convex, with distinct tubercle in the middle. Frons slightly more densely punctate than clypeus; vertex smooth posteriorly. Pronotum with lateral carinae. Disc of pronotum densely and distinctly punctate, decreasing posteriorly. Punctures near anterior angles of pronotum overlapping, giving the appearance of faint wrinkles. Scutellar shield triangular, impunctate. Striae of elytra flat, outlined with deep punctures. Sutural stria broader, slightly impressed posteriorly. Interstriae distinctly, but not densely, punctate. Pygidium almost triangular, evenly convex, finely and densely punctate, less numerously toward apex. Male Genitalia. Parameres seen from above widened in the middle and at apex (Fig. 2); in lateral view almost triangular, upper edge straight, apices curved downward, tooth at lower edge located almost in the middle.	en	Bunalski, Marek, Śmiełowski, Jan (2020): Review of African Species of the Genus Pentodon Hope, 1837 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 74 (3): 547-554, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-74.3.547, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-74.3.547
552E87871348734F6F88F9FF2AF4FBF1.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Fig. 5 A). MOROCCO: North and central, south to the Sahara; ALGERIA: North and central, south to Tuggurt; TUNISIA: North and central, south of Naftah, Qibili and Jerba; LIBYA: Tripoli; EGYPT: Nile Valley from Alexandria to Aswan.	en	Bunalski, Marek, Śmiełowski, Jan (2020): Review of African Species of the Genus Pentodon Hope, 1837 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 74 (3): 547-554, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-74.3.547, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-74.3.547
552E87871348734F6FDAFBF92A7CF9F4.taxon	description	Morphology. Body stout, moderately convex, of brown-black to black color. Head trapezoidal, distinctly punctured; frontoclypeal suture well delineated, with one or two tubercles. External edges of mandibles with lobate teeth. Pronotum quite wide, evenly convex, its lateral edges carinate. Elytron punctate, with four flat ridges. Propygidium with very weak stridulatory bands at the base. Pygidium punctate, semicircular or triangular in outline. Front tibia short and wide, external edge with three large teeth, sometimes with additional teeth in front of basal denticle. Middle and hind tibiae massive, terminated with two spurs. Tarsi rather small, with two straight claws. Sexual dimorphism weakly delineated — the male apical abdominal ventrite arcuately emarginate whereas the female one rounded.	en	Bunalski, Marek, Śmiełowski, Jan (2020): Review of African Species of the Genus Pentodon Hope, 1837 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 74 (3): 547-554, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-74.3.547, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-74.3.547
552E8787134873496DE5FBC32A53FDF8.taxon	description	zoobank. org / urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: AD 4 AB 77 E- 0 AB 2 - 4 EEB- 8787 - 2342 A 56 D 3 CD 8 (Figs. 3, 4)	en	Bunalski, Marek, Śmiełowski, Jan (2020): Review of African Species of the Genus Pentodon Hope, 1837 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 74 (3): 547-554, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-74.3.547, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-74.3.547
552E8787134873496DE5FBC32A53FDF8.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality. Meroe near Dawab, Sudan. Type Material. Holotype (male) and three paratypes (2 males and 1 female): SUDAN (Nubia) / Meroe ad Dawab / 16 ° 570 N / 33 ° 470 E / 14 XI 2007 / leg. J. Śmiełowski. Paratype (1 female): SUDAN (Nubia) / Shemkhiya ad Abu Hamad / 19 ° 270 N / 32 ° 580 E / 16 XI 2007 / leg. J. Śmiełowski. All specimens deposited in the collection of the Department of Entomology and Environmental Protection, University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland.	en	Bunalski, Marek, Śmiełowski, Jan (2020): Review of African Species of the Genus Pentodon Hope, 1837 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 74 (3): 547-554, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-74.3.547, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-74.3.547
552E8787134873496DE5FBC32A53FDF8.taxon	description	Description of Holotype (Male). Length 21 mm. Body moderately convex, brown-black, shiny. Clypeus semicircular, very finely and densely punctate, coarsely wrinkled; anterior edge equipped with two small teeth separated by an impression, lateral edges outlined by flat carina (Fig. 3). Frontoclypeal suture raised, convex, with distinct tubercle in the middle. Frons slightly more densely punctate than clypeus; vertex smooth posteriorly. Pronotum with lateral carinae. Disc of pronotum finely, distinctly punctate, decreasing posteriorly. Punctures of anterolateral portions of pronotum overlapping, creating net-like wrinkles. Scutellar shield triangular, impunctate. Striae of elytra flat, outlined with flat punctures. Sutural stria narrow, not impressed posteriorly. Interstriae shallowly but distinctly punctured. Pygidium nearly triangular, strongly convex, finely and densely punctate, less numerously toward apex. Lateral parts in apical area with elongate indentations. Male Genitalia. Parameres seen from above broadened in a tooth-shaped manner in the middle, then arcuately narrowed, and again weakly broadened toward the apex of parameres (Fig. 4); in lateral view almost triangular, the upper edge weakly concave in the middle, apices strongly curved downward, tooth at lower edge nearer to the base of parameres. Variability in Males. The paratypes differ insignificantly in coloration and size, within the range of 19 – 21 mm. The pygidium of one of the males is equipped with a small, pointed tubercle. Sexual Dimorphism. Similar to that in other species from the genus Pentodon.	en	Bunalski, Marek, Śmiełowski, Jan (2020): Review of African Species of the Genus Pentodon Hope, 1837 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 74 (3): 547-554, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-74.3.547, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-74.3.547
552E8787134873496DE5FBC32A53FDF8.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Fig. 5 B). Northern Sudan, Nile region.	en	Bunalski, Marek, Śmiełowski, Jan (2020): Review of African Species of the Genus Pentodon Hope, 1837 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 74 (3): 547-554, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-74.3.547, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-74.3.547
552E8787134873496DE5FBC32A53FDF8.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. The new subspecies can be differentiated from P. a. algerinus using the following diagnostic characteristics: Clypeus very finely and densely punctured, much more finely than frons, its lateral edges with flat border (Fig. 2); punctures of the anterolateral part of pronotum overlapping, creating net-like wrinkles; sutural stria of elytron narrow and not impressed posteriorly; parameres of the aedeagus broadened in a toothshaped manner in the middle, then arcuately narrowed and weakly broadened at apex (Fig. 4).	en	Bunalski, Marek, Śmiełowski, Jan (2020): Review of African Species of the Genus Pentodon Hope, 1837 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 74 (3): 547-554, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-74.3.547, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-74.3.547
552E8787134873496DE5FBC32A53FDF8.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Derived from the name of the type locality, Nubia (Nile region, northern Sudan).	en	Bunalski, Marek, Śmiełowski, Jan (2020): Review of African Species of the Genus Pentodon Hope, 1837 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 74 (3): 547-554, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-74.3.547, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-74.3.547
552E8787134E73496F88FDD22A17FB15.taxon	description	Morphology. Length 18 – 22 mm. Body strongly convex, black and shiny. Clypeus rounded, densely and coarsely punctate; anterior edge equipped with two distinct teeth separated by an impression, lateral edges outlined with carina. Frontoclypeal suture raised, convex, with distinct tubercle in the middle. Frons punctured more deeply and less densely than clypeus; vertex smooth posteriorly. Pronotum carinate along lateral edges. Disc of pronotum distinctly and moderately densely punctate, decreasing posteriorly. Punctures near anterolateral angles of pronotum denser and forming weakly wrinkled sculpturing. Scutellar shield triangular, impunctate. Striae of elytra flat, outlined with rows of punctures. Interstriae punctured shallowly but distinctly. Pygidium semicircular, strongly convex, finely and densely punctate, less densely toward apex. Male Genitalia. As in typical form.	en	Bunalski, Marek, Śmiełowski, Jan (2020): Review of African Species of the Genus Pentodon Hope, 1837 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 74 (3): 547-554, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-74.3.547, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-74.3.547
552E8787134E73496F88FDD22A17FB15.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Fig. 5 C). CHAD,? SENEGAL.	en	Bunalski, Marek, Śmiełowski, Jan (2020): Review of African Species of the Genus Pentodon Hope, 1837 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 74 (3): 547-554, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-74.3.547, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-74.3.547
552E8787134E73496F88FDD22A17FB15.taxon	discussion	Note. Endrődi (1974) recorded this species also from Senegal based on one individual specimen, claiming that the locality was doubtful.	en	Bunalski, Marek, Śmiełowski, Jan (2020): Review of African Species of the Genus Pentodon Hope, 1837 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 74 (3): 547-554, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-74.3.547, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-74.3.547
552E8787134E73496F98FB642C68FD22.taxon	description	Morphology. Length 17 – 21 mm. Body strongly convex, black and shiny. Clypeus trapezoidal, densely and coarsely punctate; anterior edge equipped with two distinct teeth separated by a depression, lateral edges carinate. Frontoclypeal suture raised, with two tubercles separated from one another similarly to clypeal tubercles. Frons punctured similarly to clypeus; vertex smooth posteriorly. Pronotum carinate along anterior and lateral edges. Disc of pronotum distinctly and not very densely punctate, denser toward anterior angles, decreasing in density posteriorly. Scutellar shield triangular, with a few punctures near apex. Striae of elytra weakly convex and very finely punctate, interstriae punctured quite densely and coarsely, fine punctation also present. Pygidium triangular, moderately convex, very dense and wrinkled punctation at the base, whereas punctures toward apex clearly less dense. Male Genitalia. External edges of parameres almost straight and gradually narrowing toward apices; apices broadened, their posterolateral angles slightly acute (Fig. 6).	en	Bunalski, Marek, Śmiełowski, Jan (2020): Review of African Species of the Genus Pentodon Hope, 1837 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 74 (3): 547-554, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-74.3.547, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-74.3.547
552E8787134E73496F98FB642C68FD22.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Fig. 11 D). MOROCCO: Tangier; ALGERIA.	en	Bunalski, Marek, Śmiełowski, Jan (2020): Review of African Species of the Genus Pentodon Hope, 1837 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 74 (3): 547-554, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-74.3.547, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-74.3.547
552E8787134E73496F98FB642C68FD22.taxon	discussion	Note. Recorded from Tangier by Endrődi (1969), although it has not been recorded from this area by other researchers. Data from Algeria also raise doubts and have not confirmed by specimens.	en	Bunalski, Marek, Śmiełowski, Jan (2020): Review of African Species of the Genus Pentodon Hope, 1837 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 74 (3): 547-554, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-74.3.547, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-74.3.547
552E8787134E73496DF7FD682B2CF982.taxon	description	Morphology. Length 17 – 21 mm. Body strongly convex, black and shiny. Clypeus trapezoidal, very densely and coarsely punctate; anterior edge equipped with two distinct teeth separated by a broad depression, lateral edges outlined in a carina. Frontoclypeal suture raised, with two tubercles separated from one another by a lesser extent than clypeal tubercles. Frons punctured similarly to clypeus; vertex smooth posteriorly. Pronotum carinate along anterior and lateral edges. Disc of pronotum densely, distinctly punctate and wrinkled anteriorly, punctation decreasing posteriorly. Scutellar shield triangular, smooth. Striae of elytra almost flat and very finely punctate, interstriae quite densely and not coarsely punctate, fine punctation also present. Pygidium triangular, moderately convex, very densely punctate and wrinkled at the base, whereas punctures toward apex clearly less dense. Male Genitalia. Parameres gradually narrowing from the base toward apex; apices broadened and evenly rounded (Fig. 7).	en	Bunalski, Marek, Śmiełowski, Jan (2020): Review of African Species of the Genus Pentodon Hope, 1837 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 74 (3): 547-554, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-74.3.547, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-74.3.547
552E8787134E73496DF7FD682B2CF982.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Fig. 11 E).? EGYPT.	en	Bunalski, Marek, Śmiełowski, Jan (2020): Review of African Species of the Genus Pentodon Hope, 1837 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 74 (3): 547-554, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-74.3.547, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-74.3.547
552E8787134E73496DF7FD682B2CF982.taxon	discussion	Note. Recorded vaguely from Egypt by Endrődi (1969). Considering its overly general published distribution, its distribution in North Africa requires confirmation.	en	Bunalski, Marek, Śmiełowski, Jan (2020): Review of African Species of the Genus Pentodon Hope, 1837 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 74 (3): 547-554, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-74.3.547, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-74.3.547
552E8787134E73486DF4F9F12A40FA56.taxon	description	Morphology. Length 17 – 21 mm. Body convex, black, and weakly shining. Clypeus trapezoidal, very densely and coarsely punctate; anterior edge is slightly thickened, without tubercles, lateral edges with delicate carina. Frontoclypeal suture raised, with blunt tubercle in the middle. Frons punctured more densely than clypeus; vertex smooth posteriorly. Pronotum carinate along anterior and lateral edges. Disc of pronotum distinctly punctate, densely punctate and wrinkled in the front, decreasing in density posteriorly. Scutellar shield triangular, with a few punctures near apex. Striae of elytra almost flat and very finely punctate, interstriae punctured shallowly and not densely. Elytra finely punctate, slightly dull. Pygidium triangular, moderately convex, densely punctate and wrinkled at the base, decreasing distinctly anteriorly. Male Genitalia. Parameres distinctly narrowing toward apex; apices broadened and evenly rounded with plate-like ridges ventrally (Fig. 8).	en	Bunalski, Marek, Śmiełowski, Jan (2020): Review of African Species of the Genus Pentodon Hope, 1837 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 74 (3): 547-554, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-74.3.547, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-74.3.547
552E8787134E73486DF4F9F12A40FA56.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Fig. 11 F). MOROCCO: Casablanca, Fes, Ifrane, Tangier; ALGERIA: Alger, Batna, Bou Saada, Ghardaia, Oran, Tazoult, Theniet el Had; TUNISIA: Al Firnanah, Al Kaf, Maksar, Oued Zarga, Tunis.	en	Bunalski, Marek, Śmiełowski, Jan (2020): Review of African Species of the Genus Pentodon Hope, 1837 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 74 (3): 547-554, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-74.3.547, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-74.3.547
552E8787134F734B6FE4FA2E2A57FAD1.taxon	description	Morphology. Length 14 – 18 mm. Body strongly convex, black, and shiny. Clypeus triangular, densely and coarsely punctate; anterior edge equipped with two small teeth that are very approximate, sometimes almost overlapping, lateral edges carinate. Frontoclypeal suture raised, with two approximate tubercles in the middle. Frons punctured similarly to clypeus; vertex smooth posteriorly. Pronotum carinate along anterior and lateral edges. Disc of pronotum distinctly punctate, densely punctate and wrinkled anteriorly, punctation decreasing posteriorly. Front tibia with four external teeth — two apical teeth and, significantly separated from these, two teeth at tibial midlength; tibial spines well delineated. Scutellar shield triangular, smooth. Striae of elytra flat and very distinctly punctate, interstriae densely and deeply punctate, fine punctation also present. Pygidium triangular, moderately convex, with two tubercles anterior to middle; densely punctate and wrinkled anteriorly, distinctly less densely toward apex. Male Genitalia. Parameres almost rhomboid at the base, broadened in a tubercle-shaped manner at midlength, apices strongly broadened triangularly and their posterolateral angles acutely extended backwards (Fig. 9).	en	Bunalski, Marek, Śmiełowski, Jan (2020): Review of African Species of the Genus Pentodon Hope, 1837 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 74 (3): 547-554, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-74.3.547, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-74.3.547
552E8787134F734B6FE4FA2E2A57FAD1.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Fig. 11 G). TUNISIA: El Hamma, Gabes, Gafsa, Thelepte; LIBYA: Al-Bajda, Bir al Gharbi, Darnah, Wadi Fruten; EGYPT: Cairo.	en	Bunalski, Marek, Śmiełowski, Jan (2020): Review of African Species of the Genus Pentodon Hope, 1837 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 74 (3): 547-554, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-74.3.547, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-74.3.547
552E8787134C734B6F8EFAA32B8FFAA1.taxon	description	Morphology. Length 14 – 18 mm. Body strongly convex, black, and shiny. Clypeus triangular, very densely and coarsely punctate; anterior margin equipped with two distinct teeth that are very approximate, almost overlapping and creating one entity, lateral margins carinate. Frontoclypeal suture raised, with two approximate tubercles medially. Frons punctured similarly to clypeus; vertex smooth posteriorly. Pronotum carinate along anterior and lateral edges. Disc of pronotum distinctly punctate, densely punctate and wrinkled anteriorly, punctation decreasing posteriorly. Front tibia with four external teeth — two apical teeth and, significantly separated from these, two teeth at tibial midlength; tibial spines poorly delineated. Scutellar shield triangular, smooth. Striae of elytra flat and distinctly punctate, interstriae densely punctate, fine punctation also present. Pygidium triangular, moderately convex, with two tubercles anterior to middle; densely punctate and wrinkled anteriorly, becoming less densely punctate toward apex. Male Genitalia. Parameres almost rhomboid at the base, broadened in a tubercle-shaped manner at midlength, apices weakly broadened, their posterolateral angles acutely extended backwards (Fig. 10).	en	Bunalski, Marek, Śmiełowski, Jan (2020): Review of African Species of the Genus Pentodon Hope, 1837 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 74 (3): 547-554, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-74.3.547, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-74.3.547
552E8787134C734B6F8EFAA32B8FFAA1.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Fig. 11 H). MOROCCO: from Oujda and Berguent to Haut Atlas Mts.; ALGERIA: Ain Sefra, Bou Saada, Le Kreider, Oran, Theniet el Had; TUNISIA: Tunis.	en	Bunalski, Marek, Śmiełowski, Jan (2020): Review of African Species of the Genus Pentodon Hope, 1837 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 74 (3): 547-554, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-74.3.547, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-74.3.547
