identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
0851E42E1B885751B52DF2A94693601C.text	0851E42E1B885751B52DF2A94693601C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gnathonomia tamdaoensis Bossert 2026	<div><p>Gnathonomia tamdaoensis Bossert sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1, 2, 3</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: Vietnam • ♂; Vĩnh Phúc Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.64611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.464443" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.64611/lat 21.464443)">Tam Đ ảo</a>; 21°27'52"N, 105°38'46"E [= 21.464444°N, 105.646111°E]; 1200 m elev.; 12–19 Jun 2014; M. Hauser and N. von Ellenrieder; hand collected; dep. VNMN .</p><p>The holotype is temporarily deposited in the California State Collection of Arthropods (CSCA), which is housed at the California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA) Plant Pest Diagnostic Center in Sacramento, California and will ultimately be deposited in the Vietnam National Museum of Nature (VNMN) in Hanoi, Vietnam.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Gnathonomia tamdaoensis sp. nov. can be placed in the genus Gnathonomia following the criteria in the Introduction, specifically the lack of projections on scutellum and metanotum, the small and oval tegulae and the conspicuous inner subapical mandibular tooth. It is easily separable from other Gnathonomia species by distinct morphological features and the much larger body size. With 20 mm in body length, it is much larger than any other known species, with the second largest species being at most 12 mm long ( Gnathonomia thoracica); see Remarks section for body size of all species. It further differs from all other species by having a conspicuous median, downward facing and pointed projection of the clypeus in the male (Figs 2 A, 3 B). No other known Gnathonomia species, but G. cambodiana Pauly, 2009 has a projecting structure on the clypeus. However, Gnathonomia cambodiana has a projecting, shelf-like lamella on the clypeus, which is differently shaped, not pointed, but squared and parallel-sided and not downward facing. Gnathonomia argenteobalteata has the clypeus incised with the anterior margin forming two slightly raised lamellae laterally, which are not comparable to the single projection in G. tamdaoensis . The apical margins of the metasomal terga of Gnathonomia tamdaoensis sp. nov. have uniformly dark integument and are devoid of any coloured integumental bands, thus differing from those of Gnathonomia aurata (Bingham, 1897), Gnathonomia boyolali Pauly, 2009, Gnathonomia thoracica, Gnathonomia timorensis Pauly, 2009 and Gnathonomia wahisi Pauly, 2009 . They are not lightened, translucent or diffuse as in Gnathonomia cambodiana, Gnathonomia mayoyaoensis, Gnathonomia pieli (Cockerell, 1931) and Gnathonomia radiata Pauly, 2009 .</p><p>The mandible of the male has a pronounced tooth along the inner margin of the mandible, as in all species of Gnathonomia save for G. mayoyaoensis (the male of G. timorensis is unknown). The hind femur is greatly inflated as in G. aurata, G. boyolali, G. thoracica and G. wahisi and not slender or weakly inflated as in the other species. The apical projection of the tibia is large, bilobed and uniquely shaped (Fig. 2 A).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (Figs 2, 3). Body length 20 mm. Head: Head (Fig. 2 B, D) slightly wider than long (5.2 mm width to 4 mm length), measured from apical clypeal margin to highest point of vertex. Integument black with yellow setae around antennal socket, on paraocular clypeus, frons, genal area; sparser on frons, supraclypeal area and vertex. Labrum roughly square-shaped, just slightly shorter than broad at its greatest width (1.62 mm width to 1.48 mm length). Mandible dark, enlarged, with distinct tooth on inner margin. Outer groove on mandible with sparse, individual long setae. Clypeus much shorter than broad (1.05 mm width to 3.36 mm length), with median, downward facing, pointed projection and ivory coloured margin adjacent to labrum. Maxillary palp with 6 palpomeres. Labial palp 4 palpomeres. Mesosoma: Integument black, except tibia and tarsal segments partially tawny coloured (Fig. 1). Thick, short and dense light brown setae present on pronotum, mesoscutum, scutellum, metanotum, around pronotal lobe and mesepisternum. Setae on lateral sides of propodeum longer. Intertegular distance 4.5 mm. Punctation on scutum obscured by setae, but comb-like, with pits being deep and wide, touching, forming shallow, pan-like structures; individual setae originate at bottom of pits. Wing infuscate and darkened apically; venation brown, partially lightened and yellow. Hind femur enlarged, nearly triangular-shaped (Fig. 1 A). Hind leg with 2 tibial spurs of comparable length. Hind tibia with large, bilobed apical projection (Fig. 2 A). Metasoma: Integument black. Apical margins of metasomal terga with uniformly dark integument, devoid of coloured integumental bands. Apical margins of T 2 – T 4 clearly separated from discs by distinct edge. T 1 and, to a lesser extent, T 2, with thick, yellow setae basally (Fig. 1 B, C), T 3 – T 6 devoid of distinct patches of setae or bands of setae. Punctation on T 1 dense on disc and apical margin; interspaces polished; punctation noticeably denser on margin than disc. Punctation on disc of T 2 – T 3 comparable with T 1, but punctation on margins finer and shallower, almost obscured. Punctation on discs of T 4 – T 6 finer and less dense than aforementioned terga; with double punctation of two different sizes. S 1 slightly produced with distinct patch of long, yellow setae. Apical margins of S 2 – S 3 with fine fringes of light setae. S 4 with paired, rectangular shaped, depressed, felt-like patches of appressed, black setae and two parallel projections with thick black setae on apex (Fig. 2 C). S 6 with a deep, median, rounded incision, which is partially covered by a median lobe (Fig. 2 E). Genital capsule with penis valve greatly enlarged laterally, with lighter integument dorsally; gonostylus long and converging medially, with apical brush of setae (Fig. 2 F, G).</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species is named after the type locality, the Tam Đ ảo range in northern Vietnam, famous for its species diversity and high degree of endemism.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The type specimen is associated with the label data shown in Fig. 2, which includes a DNA extract voucher label (WSUX 0071) and a WSUC databasing label (WSUC 00040235). The new species is much larger than the other known species of Gnathonomia: Gnathonomia argenteobalteata, at most 8 mm; Gnathonomia aurata, at most 10 mm; Gnathonomia boyolali, 8.5 mm; Gnathonomia cambodiana, 9 mm; Gnathonomia fusciventris Zhang &amp; Niu, 2020, 10 mm; Gnathonomia mayoyaoensis, 9 mm; Gnathonomia pieli, at most 11 mm; Gnathonomia radiata, 9 mm; Gnathonomia thoracica, at most 12 mm; Gnathonomia timorensis, 6.5 mm; and Gnathonomia wahisi, at most 8 mm.</p><p>From a morphological perspective, G. tamdaoensis sp. nov. is quite different from the other species and not obviously comparable to any other described Gnathonomia . The lack of coloured integumental bands on the apical margins of the metasomal terga is similar to Gnathonomia radiata and closely-related taxa: G. radiata, G. pieli and G. fusciventris . Other features do not align with this group, for example, the absence of a distinct, long brush of hair on sternum 3 which males of these species possess. The thick, felt-like setae on the scutum are similar to those of Gnathonomia thoracica, but other characters do not align. The distinct, shelf-like projection of G. cambodiana is similar in the sense that it represents a comparably unusual projection on the clypeus, but the shape of the projection and other characters are different, including a significant difference in body size. The greatly enlarged hind femur and the large and bilobed projection of the apical portion of the male hind tibia is more similar between G. tamdaoensis sp. nov. and the G. aurata, G. boyoli and G. wahisi than to the aforementioned taxa.</p><p>As for many other native bee species of Southeast Asia (Warrit et al. 2023), no observational data are available for G. tamdaoensis sp. nov. and no flower visit has been recorded. The specimen was collected in mid-June, which coincides with the rainy season and elevated temperatures (Spitzer et al. 1993).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>The new species is only known from the type locality in Vietnam (Fig. 1 C).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0851E42E1B885751B52DF2A94693601C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Bossert, Silas	Bossert, Silas (2026): Evolutionary history of Gnathonomia tamdaoensis sp. nov., a new bee species from Vietnam (Hymenoptera, Halictidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 73 (1): 171-179, DOI: 10.3897/dez.73.179341
