taxonID	type	description	language	source
556487BFFFFAFFE6FCEBFAA9FB8AFD39.taxon	description	(Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 23, 24) LSID: urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 54 B 45 BEB- 920 B- 4 C 10 - 9 D 3 B- 1 C 6 C 6 EBC 8 F 2 D	en	Corbari, Laure, Zuccon, Dario, Sorbe, Jean Claude, Frutos, Inmaculada (2024): New bathyal amphipod species (Amphipoda: Eusiridae: Rhachotropis) from southwestern Pacific through integrative taxonomy. Organisms Diversity & Evolution 24 (3): 375-416, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-024-00651-0, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-024-00651-0
556487BFFFFAFFE6FCEBFAA9FB8AFD39.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: brooding female, 19.9 mm BL (MNHN-IU- 2015 - 801), Papua New Guinea, Marshall Bennett Archipelago, NE of Iwa Island, MADEEP cruise, Stn DW 4323, 08 ° 38 ′ S, 151 ° 46 ′ E, 720 m, 04 / 05 / 2014. Paratypes: brooding female, empty marsupium, 14.7 mm BL (MNHN-IU- 2011 - 2707); brooding female, empty marsupium, 18.6 mm body without head (MNHN-IU- 2017 - 333); brooding female, 18.4 mm BL (MNHN-IU- 2017 - 334); brooding female, empty marsupium, 19.2 mm BL (MNHN- IU- 2017 - 335); Papua New Guinea, off W Bougainville Island, seamounts, BIOPAPUA cruise, Stn CP 3747, 05 ° 33 ′ S, 153 ° 59 ′ E, 458 m, 12 / 10 / 2010. Other material examined: Intra-marsupial specimen (MNHN-IU- 2019 - 2148), individual carried by the holotype; same sampling data as for holotype. Type locality. Papua New Guinea, Solomon Sea, Coral Sea province.	en	Corbari, Laure, Zuccon, Dario, Sorbe, Jean Claude, Frutos, Inmaculada (2024): New bathyal amphipod species (Amphipoda: Eusiridae: Rhachotropis) from southwestern Pacific through integrative taxonomy. Organisms Diversity & Evolution 24 (3): 375-416, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-024-00651-0, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-024-00651-0
556487BFFFFAFFE6FCEBFAA9FB8AFD39.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name refers to Sido, the Melanesian goddess of Fertility. Noun in apposition.	en	Corbari, Laure, Zuccon, Dario, Sorbe, Jean Claude, Frutos, Inmaculada (2024): New bathyal amphipod species (Amphipoda: Eusiridae: Rhachotropis) from southwestern Pacific through integrative taxonomy. Organisms Diversity & Evolution 24 (3): 375-416, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-024-00651-0, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-024-00651-0
556487BFFFFAFFE6FCEBFAA9FB8AFD39.taxon	description	Description. Holotype brooding female (MNHN- IU- 2015 - 801), paratype brooding female (MNHN-IU- 2017 - 333). Body: Head with two dorsal prominent protuberances near posterior margin (Fig. 2), rostrum short (30.6 % length of antenna 1 article 1), curved, eyes present, bulging laterally, without distinct ommatidia, non-pigmented (specimens preserved in ethanol). Pereonites 1 − 7 (Fig. 2 b), each with one small mediodorsal prominent protuberance near posterior margin and larger lateral one in submarginal position. Pleonite 1 bearing short mediodorsal pointed process and elongated dorsolateral pointed processes; pleonite 2 bearing three elongated pointed processes on posterior margin, one in mediodorsal position and two ones in dorsolateral position; pleonite 3 bearing three shorter processes, a bigger one in mediodorsal position and two small ones in dorsolateral position, all elongated processes ending a keel extending along the dorsal surface of the corresponding somite (Fig. 2 a). Epimeral plates 1 – 3 with a median tooth on posterior margin. Urosomites 1 − 3 without processes. Antenna 1: Shorter than half body length and slightly shorter than antenna 2, if not broken. Peduncle article 1 ◂ Fig. 3 Rhachotropis sido sp. nov. Holotype, brooding female (MNHN- IU- 2015 - 801). A 1, antenna 1 left; A 2, antenna 2 left; Mxp, maxilliped anterior face. Scale bars: 0.5 mm with an acute dorso-distal process (Fig. 3); article 2 slightly shorter than article 1, more than 3 times as long as article 3, ornamented with subdistal plumose setae and two pointed distal processes; article 3 bearing a distal tiny 1 - articulate accessory flagellum with one sensitive seta and two short simple setae. Main flagellum 14 - articulate, all articles longer than wide, the 12 th and 13 th ones with one distal aesthetasc. Antenna 2: Shorter than half body length. Peduncle articles 4 and 5 subequal in length (Fig. 3); ventral margin of article 4 with one longitudinal row of plumose setae; apex of article 5 with 3 subdistal plumose setae. Flagellum at least 16 - articulate, each article longer than wide, with two subdistal short setae. Upper lip: Entire, circular, triangular apex with blunt tip and subapical crown of short setules (Fig. 4). Mandibles: Mandibles asymmetrical. Incisor process asymmetrical and well-developed on both mandibles; apex bifid on right one, partly dentate on left one. Laciniae mobilis asymmetrical, left one more massive than right one, and smoothly dentate at apex (Fig. 4). Left and right setal row with 5 cuspidate setae. Molar process cylindrical, with large triturative apex delineated by a ring of stout blades. Mandibular palp triarticulate; article 1 short; article 2 longer than article 3 with long slender setae on half distal part; article 3 tapering distally, ending with few long setae. Lower lip: Outer lobes separated by broad gap, distally rounded and setose. Inner lobes broken, apparently small. Mandibular projections poorly developed, blunt distally (Fig. 4). Maxilla 1: Inner plate with two subapical plumose setae and numerous setules at apex. Outer plate with 5 bifid / multifid cuspidate setae and 3 simple cuspidate setae. Palp 2 - articulate, proximal article shorter than distal one, bearing 2 distal cuspidate setae (one of them with an accessory seta) and a subdistal one; distal article with long and very long setae on distal two-third (Fig. 4). Maxilla 2: Inner plate and outer plate subequal in length, inner one slightly wider than outer one. Both plates fringed with numerous slender simple setae and setules in their distal part. Inner margin of inner plate with two subapical plumose setae and numerous setules (Fig. 4). Maxilliped: Inner plate shorter than outer plate, with 6 cuspidate stout setae irregularly shaped and implanted at apex, 1 long submarginal plumose seta near inner margin and numerous setules on distal half of anterior face. Outer plate not reaching half of palp article 2, with a submarginal row of stout setae near inner margin and marginal setae at apex (Fig. 3). Palp 4 - articulate, long and setose; article 1 with 2 subdistal cuspidate setae near outer margin; article 2 longest, with submarginal row of simple setae near inner margin and 1 subdistal simple seta on outer margin; article 3 widened subdistally, with a transverse row of simple setae on anterior face and marginal / submarginal simple setae at apex; article 4 shorter than article 3, slightly curved (Fig. 3). Gnathopods (Fig. 5). Gnathopod 1: slightly smaller than gnathopod 2, similar in shape, both strongly subchelate. Coxa small, acute, and strongly produced anteriorly, over-reaching the anterior margin of pereonite 1. Basis weakly arched, anterior margins with short setae, distal part with 5 long setae and one long setae at postero-distal corner. Ischium and merus with 5 five long setae at postero-distal corner each. Carpus strongly produced, carpal process with 4 distal stout setae. Propodus large and oval, 2.1 × as long as broad with 4 anterodistal long setae. Palmar margin with 2 rows of setae, one plumose, other long ones ending by one stout seta. Proximal part of the propodus with 4 stout setae where the tip of dactylus is folded. Subdistal palmar margin with 4 bunches of long simple setae. The dactylus is narrow and curved. Gnathopod 2: Coxa subquadrate. Basis with 6 (4 and 2 missing) anterodistal long setae and one long setae (broken) at postero-distal corner. Merus with 5 five long setae and 4 shorter setae at postero-distal corner. Carpus strongly produced, carpal process long over-reaching the proximal part of palmar margin, bearing 4 distal stout setae and 2 subdistal rows of stout setae. The propodus exhibits the same shape and proportion as in Gn 1, but slightly broader with 4 anterodistal long setae (broken). Palmar margin with 2 rows of setae, one plumose, other long ones ending by one stout seta. Subdistal palmar margin with 5 long simple setae. Proximal part of the propodus with 2 stout setae where the tip of dactylus is folded. Dactylus is narrow and curved. Pereopods. Pereopod 3 (Figs. 6 and 7): narrow and elongate, shorter than pereopods 5 – 7. Coxa subquadrate, postero-distal corner bluntly pointed. Basis recto-linear. Dactylus long and slightly curved, 0.73 × propodus length. Pereopod 4 (Fig. 6): Similar to P 3. Coxa subquadrate, distal margin concave, hind margin excavated with medial lobe. Basis rectilinear with anterior margin poorly setose. Dactylus long and slightly curved, 0.86 × propodus length. Pereopod 5 (Figs. 6 and 7): Coxa distally bilobed, with small notch at postero-distal corner. Basis slightly expanded posteriorly, with bluntly median process on posterior margin bearing one plumose seta. Cuspidate setae along posterior margin of merus. Dactylus long and slightly curved. Pereopod 6 (Fig. 6): Coxa bilobed, posterior lobe bigger than anterior one and bearing small distal notch. Basis slightly expanded posteriorly, with bluntly median process on posterior margin. Cuspidate setae along posterior margin of merus as well as on anterior margin of carpus and propodus. Dactylus long and slightly curved. Pereopod 7 (Figs. 6, 7 and 24): Coxa unilobate, distally convex, with acute process at postero-distal corner. Basis slightly expanded posteriorly, with acute ◂ Fig. 4 Rhachotropis sido sp. nov. Holotype, brooding female (MNHN- IU- 2015 - 801). Mx 1, maxilla 1 left posterior face; Mx 2, maxilla 2 left posterior face; Md, mandible; UL, upper lip; LL, lower lip. Scale bars: 0.5 mm median process (holotype) or large rounded median process (paratype MNHN-IU- 2017 - 333; Fig. 24, see “ Discussion ”) on posterior margin, and a small tooth at postero-distal corner. Merus with cuspidate setae on anterior and posterior margins, ending in a spiniform process at postero-distal tip. Dactylus long and slightly curved. Uropods (Fig. 8). Uropod 1: Peduncle longer than unequal rami, fringed with a few cuspidate setae along inner margin. Outer ramus 0.91 × inner ramus length, smooth. Inner ramus fringed with a few cuspidate setae along inner margin. Uropod 2: peduncle shorter than unequal rami, with only one cuspidate seta at distomedial corner. Outer ramus 0.86 × inner ramus length, smooth. Inner ramus fringed with a few cuspidate setae along inner margin. Uropod 3: peduncle shorter than lanceolate rami, with a few simple and cuspidate setae along inner margin. Outer ramus 0.94 × inner ramus length, smooth. Inner ramus fringed with a few cuspidate setae along inner margin. Telson (Fig. 8): Elongated (length / width ratio: 2.94), slightly tapering towards apex, cleft 6.9 % of its length, with dehiscent acute lobes; dorsal proximal area with a pair of ◂ Fig. 6 Rhachotropis sido sp. nov. Holotype, brooding female (MNHN-IU- 2015 - 801). Outer face of left pereopods 3 (P 3) and 4 (P 4). Outer face of pereopods 5 – 7 (left P 5, right P 6, left P 7). Scale bars: 1 mm long plumose setae, inserted on a submarginal ridge (left seta lost). Molecular identification. COI sequences were obtained for the following specimens (inventory numbers (GenBank accession numbers), see Supplementary Table 1): MNHN- IU- 2017 - 333 (PP 495379), MNHN-IU- 2017 - 334 (PP 495378), MNHN-IU- 2017 - 335 (PP 495377), MNHN-IU- 2011 - 2707 (PP 495376), MNHN-IU- 2015 - 801 (PP 495375). Following the definition given by Pleijel et al., 2008, the holotype (MNHN- IU- 2015 - 801) is designed as the hologenophore. Biological considerations. Male unknown, all collected specimens were brooding females in which 2 specimens are full marsupium (i. e., holotype MNHN- IU- 2015 - 801 bearing 30 individuals; paratype MNHN- IU- 2017 – 334 with 2 individuals). Intramarsupial prejuvenile (BL = 3.70 mm, MNHN-IU- 2019 - 2148, Fig. 9): Eyes bulging as in mature specimens. Dorsal spiniform processes of pleonites 1 – 3 and urosome 1 not yet developed. Gnathopods and pereopods fully segmented. Spiniform process on posterior margin of basis of P 5 – 7 already visible. Telson cleft and dehiscent.	en	Corbari, Laure, Zuccon, Dario, Sorbe, Jean Claude, Frutos, Inmaculada (2024): New bathyal amphipod species (Amphipoda: Eusiridae: Rhachotropis) from southwestern Pacific through integrative taxonomy. Organisms Diversity & Evolution 24 (3): 375-416, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-024-00651-0, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-024-00651-0
556487BFFFFAFFE6FCEBFAA9FB8AFD39.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Southwestern Pacific, Solomon Sea, depth range 458 – 720 m.	en	Corbari, Laure, Zuccon, Dario, Sorbe, Jean Claude, Frutos, Inmaculada (2024): New bathyal amphipod species (Amphipoda: Eusiridae: Rhachotropis) from southwestern Pacific through integrative taxonomy. Organisms Diversity & Evolution 24 (3): 375-416, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-024-00651-0, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-024-00651-0
556487BFFFFAFFE6FCEBFAA9FB8AFD39.taxon	discussion	Remarks. R. sido sp. nov. belongs to the Rhachotropis group with long dorsal spiniform processes on pleonites 1 – 3, gathering Rhachotropis gubilata J. L. Barnard, 1964; R. lobata Shoemaker, 1934; R. palporum Stebbing, 1908, and R. oweni Lörz, 2015. R. sido sp. nov. shares strong morphological similarities with R. oweni: bulging eye species, on each pereonite presence of one small mediodorsal prominent protuberance near posterior margin, and a median process on posterior margin of P 5 – 7 basis. R. sido sp. nov. differs from R. oweni by the presence of two subapical plumose setae on inner margin of Mx 2 inner plate, by the presence of two dorsal prominent protuberances near posterior margin of the head (Fig. 10), the presence of a short mediodorsal pointed process on pleonite 1; the absence of one short process in mediodorsal position on pleonite 2, and three short and equal processes on dorsolateral position on pleonite 3; and the absence of a large process at postero-distal corner of P 7 basis (see “ Discussion ”). The genetic divergences (uncorrected p-distance) between R. sido sp. nov. and R. oweni (NIWA- 82905, see Fig. 23) ranged from 10.4 to 12 % and from 11.9 to 13.5 % with R. cf. palporum (MG 521132, see Fig. 23). Ecological data. R. sido sp. nov. was collected at two stations with both dredge and beam trawl on hard-substrate bottoms as pictured after recovery of the sample on board, 1 and hooking the beam trawl up during towing as reported in the logbook. With a lower volume of fauna sampled with the dredge than with the beam trawl, different octocorals (Chrysogorgidae, Isidae), solitary scleractinian, sponges, gastropods, crinoids and decapods (galatheoids, chirostylids, nematocarcinids, pandalids) characterized the benthic megafauna at these two rocky bottoms where R. sido sp. nov. occurs. Only four amphipod specimens were reported together with the new species: an uristid Euonyx sp., an unidentified calliopioid Pontegeneidae (both at station DW 4323), a pardaliscid Pardalisca sp., and the phronimid Phronima atlantica Guérin-Méneville, 1836 (both at station CP 3747). Other than the well-known pelagic phronimid, probably a by-catch, sampled during the sampler recovery through the water column, the three bathyal species more related to a near-bottom lifestyle are new to science and will be described further.	en	Corbari, Laure, Zuccon, Dario, Sorbe, Jean Claude, Frutos, Inmaculada (2024): New bathyal amphipod species (Amphipoda: Eusiridae: Rhachotropis) from southwestern Pacific through integrative taxonomy. Organisms Diversity & Evolution 24 (3): 375-416, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-024-00651-0, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-024-00651-0
556487BFFFF3FFFCFCEBFC97FBB1FCBF.taxon	description	(Figs. 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 23 and 24) L S I D: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org: act: 27 DE 4 F 21 - EB 15 - 4225 - 8 CC 0 - D 7597342 D 8 F 7.	en	Corbari, Laure, Zuccon, Dario, Sorbe, Jean Claude, Frutos, Inmaculada (2024): New bathyal amphipod species (Amphipoda: Eusiridae: Rhachotropis) from southwestern Pacific through integrative taxonomy. Organisms Diversity & Evolution 24 (3): 375-416, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-024-00651-0, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-024-00651-0
556487BFFFF3FFFCFCEBFC97FBB1FCBF.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: Brooding female, empty marsupium, 27.5 mm BL (MNHN-IU- 2017 - 524), Solomon Islands, N Savo Island, SALOMON 1 cruise, Stn CP 1754, 09 ° 00 ′ S, 159 ° 49 ′ E, 1169 – 1203 m, 26 / 09 / 2001. Paratypes: Brooding female, with 2 intra-marsupial individuals, 24.2 mm BL (MNHN-IU- 2017 - 525); brooding female, empty marsupium, 12.2 mm anterior part of the body until pleonite 1 (MNHN-IU- 2017 - 526); brooding female, empty marsupium 23.4 mm BL (MNHN-IU- 2017 - 527), Solomon Islands, NW Choiseul Island, SALOMON 2 cruise, Stn CP 2230, 06 ° 28 ′ S, 156 ° 24 ′ E, 837 – 945 m, 29 / 10 / 2004. Brooding female, empty marsupium 24.4 mm BL (MNHN- IU- 2017 - 528) Solomon Islands, NW Choiseul, SALOMON 2 cruise Stn CP 2231, 06 ° 25 ′ S, 156 ° 21 ′ E, 1083 – 1100 m, 29 / 10 / 2004. Brooding female, empty marsupium 23.2 mm BL (MNHN-IU- 2017 - 522), Solomon Islands, SW Santa Isabel Island, SALOMON 2 cruise, Stn CP 2197, 08 ° 24 ′ S, 159 ° 23 ′ E, 897 – 1057 m, 24 / 10 / 2004. Brooding female, empty marsupium 27.7 mm BL (MNHN-IU- 2017 - 523), Solomon Archipelago, NW Malaita Island, SALOMON 1 cruise, Stn CP 1781, 8 ° 31 ′ S, 60 ° 38 ′ E, 1036 – 1138 m, 29 / 09 / 2001. Other material examined: Brooding female, empty marsupium, 24.1 mm BL (MNHN-IU- 2021 - 6589), Vanuatu, SW Anatom Island, MUSORSTOM 8 cruise, Stn CP 956, 20 ° 33.4 ′ S, 169 ° 35.9 ′ E, 1175 – 1210 m, 20 / 09 / 1994; brooding female, empty marsupium, 25.1 mm 1 https: // expeditions. mnhn. fr / campaign / biopapua / event / CP 3747? area = 1 BL (MNHN-IU- 2021 - 6639), Vanuatu, SE Santo, MUSORSTOM 8 cruise, Stn CP 1129, 16 ° 00.7 ′ S, 166 ° 39.4 ′ E, 1014 – 1050 m, 10 / 10 / 1994. Type locality. Solomon Archipelago, SW Pacific Ocean, West Pacific province.	en	Corbari, Laure, Zuccon, Dario, Sorbe, Jean Claude, Frutos, Inmaculada (2024): New bathyal amphipod species (Amphipoda: Eusiridae: Rhachotropis) from southwestern Pacific through integrative taxonomy. Organisms Diversity & Evolution 24 (3): 375-416, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-024-00651-0, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-024-00651-0
556487BFFFF3FFFCFCEBFC97FBB1FCBF.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name refers to Riina, the great warrior woman of the Solomon Islands. Noun in apposition.	en	Corbari, Laure, Zuccon, Dario, Sorbe, Jean Claude, Frutos, Inmaculada (2024): New bathyal amphipod species (Amphipoda: Eusiridae: Rhachotropis) from southwestern Pacific through integrative taxonomy. Organisms Diversity & Evolution 24 (3): 375-416, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-024-00651-0, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-024-00651-0
556487BFFFF3FFFCFCEBFC97FBB1FCBF.taxon	description	Description. Holotype brooding female (MNHN-IU- 2017 - 524), paratype brooding female (MNHN-IU- 2017 - 525) Body (Fig. 11): Rostrum short (30 % length of antenna 1 peduncle article 1), very curved (Fig. 10); eyes present, bulging laterally, without distinct ommatidia, non-pigmented (specimens preserved in ethanol). Pereonites 1 − 7 (Fig. 11 b) smooth. Pleonite 1 bearing short mediodorsal pointed process and elongated dorsolateral pointed processes; pleonite 2 bearing mediodorsal pointed process and elongated dorsolateral pointed processes; pleonite 3 bearing three shorter processes, a bigger one in mediodorsal position and two small ones in dorsolateral position, all elongated processes ending a keel extending along the dorsal surface of the corresponding somite (Fig. 11 a). Epimeral plates 1 ‒ 2 with a median tooth on posterior margin, epimeral plate 3 with 2 median teeth on posterior margin, the upper one smaller. Urosomites 1 − 3 without process. Antenna 1 (Figs. 11 and 12): Shorter than half body length and slightly shorter than antenna 2, if not broken. Peduncle article 1 with two acute dorso-distal process; article 2 subequal to article 1, more than 2.6 times as long as article 3, ornamented with subdistal plumose setae; article 3 bearing a distal tiny 1 - articulate accessory flagellum with two short simple setae. Main flagellum 14 − articulate, all articles longer than wide, the 12 th and 13 th ones with one distal aesthetasc. Antenna 2 (Fig. 12): Shorter than half body length. Peduncle articles 4 and 5 subequal in length; ventral margin of article 4 with one longitudinal row of setae, plumose on proximal part; apex of article 5 with a row of setae on dorsal margin and one distal plumose seta. Flagellum at least 21 - articulate, each article longer than wide, with two subdistal short setae. Upper lip (Fig. 13): Entire, circular, triangular apex with blunt tip and subapical crown of short setules. Mandibles (Fig. 13): Mandibles asymmetrical. Incisor process asymmetrical and well-developed on both mandibles; apex bifid on right one, partly dentate on left one. Laciniae mobilis asymmetrical, left one more massive than right one and dentate at apex. Left and right setal row with 7 cuspidate setae. Molar process cylindrical, with large triturative apex delineated by a ring of stout blades. Mandibular palp triarticulate; article 1 short; article 2 longer than article 3 with long slender setae on half distal part; article 3 tapering distally, ending with few long setae. Lower lip (Fig. 13): Outer lobes separated by broad gap, distally rounded and setose. Inner lobes not visible. Mandibular projections broken, apparently poorly developed. Maxilla 1 (Fig. 13): Inner plate with two subapical plumose setae and numerous setules on distal part. Outer plate with 7 bifid / multifid cuspidate setae and 2 simple cuspidate setae. Palp 2 - articulate, proximal article shorter than distal one, bearing one distal long seta; distal article with long and very long setae on distal two-third. Maxilla 2 (Fig. 13): Inner plate and outer plate subequal in length, inner one slightly wider than outer one. Both plates fringed with numerous slender simple setae and setules in their distal part. Inner margin of inner plate with two subapical plumose setae and numerous setules. Maxilliped (Fig. 12): Inner plate shorter than outer plate, with 5 cuspidate stout setae irregularly shaped and implanted at apex, 1 submarginal stout seta near inner margin on anterior face. Outer plate not reaching half of palp article 2, with a submarginal row of stout setae near inner margin and marginal setae at apex. Palp 4 - articulate, long and setose; article 1 with 2 subdistal plumose setae near outer margin; article 2 longest, with submarginal row of simple setae near inner margin and 1 subdistal simple seta on outer margin; article 3 widened subdistally, with a transverse row of simple setae on anterior face and marginal / submarginal simple setae at apex; article 4 shorter than article 3, slightly curved. Gnathopods (Fig. 14). Gnathopod 1: slightly smaller than gnathopod 2, similar in shape, both strongly subchelate. Coxa small, acute and produced anteriorly, over-reaching the d nov. holotype, brooding female (MNHN-IU- 2017 - 524). c Rhachotropis afekan sp. nov. holotype, brooding female (MNHN- IU- 2015 - 708). d Rhachotropis kergueleni type serie, brooding female (NHM 1889515: 97). Scale bars: 1 mm anterior margin of pereonite 1. Basis weakly arched, anterior margins with 4 stout setae, distal part with 8 long setae and 2 long setae at postero-distal corner. Ischium with 2 long setae and merus with 10 long setae at postero-distal corner. Carpus strongly produced, carpal process with 3 distal stout setae. Propodus large and oval, 1.9 × as long as broad with 3 anterodistal long setae. Palmar margin with 2 rows of setae, one plumose, other long ones ending by one stout seta. Proximal part of the propodus with 4 stout setae (one broken) where the tip of dactylus is folded. Subdistal palmar margin with 2 long simple setae. The dactylus is narrow and curved with one long seta on proximal part. Gnathopod 2: Coxa subquadrate, posterior margin slightly concave. Basis with 6 (one broken) anterodistal long setae and fringed of short setae on anterior and distal margins. Merus with 8 long setae at postero-distal corner. Carpus strongly produced, carpal process long over-reaching the proximal part of palmar margin, bearing 1 distal stout seta and 1 subdistal rows of stout setae. The propodus exhibits the same shape and proportion as Gn 1. Palmar margin with 2 rows of setae, one plumose, other long ones ending by one stout seta. Subdistal palmar margin with 3 long simple setae. Proximal part of the propodus with 2 stout setae where the tip of dactylus is folded. Dactylus is narrow and curved with one long seta on proximal part. Pereopods (Fig. 15). Pereopod 3: narrow and elongate, shorter than pereopods 5 ‒ 7. Coxa subquadrate, posterior margin slightly concave. Basis recto-linear. Dactylus long and slightly curved, 1.2 × propodus length. Pereopod 4: Similar to P 3. Coxa subquadrate, slightly produced anteriorly, hind margin slightly excavated. Basis rectolinear with 4 short stout setae on proximal part of anterior margin. Dactylus long and slightly curved, 0.89 × propodus length. Pereopod 5: Longer than P 3 ‒ 4. Coxa distally bilobed. Basis slightly expanded posteriorly, with pointed median process on posterior margin. Cuspidate setae along posterior margin of merus and anterior margin of propodus. Propodus long, 3 × basis length. Dactylus long and curved, 0.5 × propodus length. Pereopod 6: Longer than P 5. Coxa bilobed, posterior lobe bigger than anterior one. Basis slightly expanded posteriorly, with bluntly median process on posterior margin. Cuspidate setae along posterior margin of merus as well as on anterior margin of propodus. Dactylus long and slightly curved, 0.6 × propodus length. Pereopod 7: Longer than P 3 ‒ P 6. Coxa unilobate, distally convex, with acute process at postero-distal corner. Basis expanded posteriorly, with acute median process on posterior margin (holotype) or larger process (Fig. 24; see “ Discussion ”). Merus with cuspidate setae on anterior and posterior margins, ending in a spiniform process at postero-distal tip. Carpus and propodus with cuspidate setae on anterior and posterior margins. Dactylus long and linear, 0.4 × propodus length. Uropods (Fig. 16). Uropod 1: Peduncle longer than unequal rami, fringed with a few stout setae along inner margin. Outer ramus 0.92 × inner ramus length, smooth. Inner ramus fringed with a few cuspidate setae along inner margin. Uropod 2: peduncle shorter than unequal rami, with 3 cuspidate setae on distomedial margin, and one at distomedial corner. Outer ramus 0.90 × inner ramus length, with a row of cuspidate setae on outer margin. Inner ramus fringed with a few cuspidate setae along inner margin. Uropod 3: peduncle shorter than lanceolate rami, with cuspidate setae along inner margin. Outer ramus 0.92 × inner ramus length, with one cuspidate seta on outer margin. Inner margin smooth. Telson (Fig. 16): Elongated (length / width ratio: 3.33), slightly tapering towards apex, cleft 8.6 % of its length, with dehiscent acute lobes. Molecular identification. COI sequences were obtained for the following specimens (inventory numbers (GenBank accession numbers), see Supplementary Table 1): MNHN-IU- 2017 - 523 (PP 495384), MNHN-IU- 2017 - 524 (PP 495383), MNHN-IU- 2017 - 525 (PP 495382), MNHN- IU- 2017 - 526 (PP 495381), MNHN-IU- 2017 - 527 (PP 495380). Following the definition given by Pleijel et al. (2008), the holotype (MNHN-IU- 2017 - 524) is designed as the hologenophore. Biological considerations. Male unknown, all nine specimens were brooding females with empty marsupium at the exception of the specimen MNHN-IU- 2017 - 525, which was keeping 2 individuals in the brood pouch. Intra-marsupial pre-juveniles: BL = 3.8 mm. Eyes no bulging. Dorsal spiniform processes of pleonites 1 – 3 not yet developed, but a medial dorsal tooth visible on posterior margin. Gnathopods and pereopods fully segmented. Spiniform process on posterior margin of P 5 – 7 basis already visible. Telson cleft and dehiscent.	en	Corbari, Laure, Zuccon, Dario, Sorbe, Jean Claude, Frutos, Inmaculada (2024): New bathyal amphipod species (Amphipoda: Eusiridae: Rhachotropis) from southwestern Pacific through integrative taxonomy. Organisms Diversity & Evolution 24 (3): 375-416, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-024-00651-0, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-024-00651-0
556487BFFFF3FFFCFCEBFC97FBB1FCBF.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Southwestern Pacific, Solomon, and Vanuatu islands, depth range 837 ‒ 1210 m.	en	Corbari, Laure, Zuccon, Dario, Sorbe, Jean Claude, Frutos, Inmaculada (2024): New bathyal amphipod species (Amphipoda: Eusiridae: Rhachotropis) from southwestern Pacific through integrative taxonomy. Organisms Diversity & Evolution 24 (3): 375-416, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-024-00651-0, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-024-00651-0
556487BFFFF3FFFCFCEBFC97FBB1FCBF.taxon	discussion	Remarks. R. riina sp. nov. belongs to the Rhachotropis group with long dorsal spiniform processes on pleonites 1 ‒ 3 (see remarks on R. sido sp. nov.), with a combination of morphological affinities shared either with R. sido sp. nov. and / or R. oweni: the presence of eyes, bulging laterally, median process at postero-distal corner of basis P 5 ‒ 7, the presence of two subapical plumose setae on inner margin of inner plate of Mx 2 (only in R. sido sp. nov.), pleonite 2 bearing mediodorsal pointed process and long dorsolateral pointed processes (only in R. oweni). R. riina sp. nov. differs from both species by the strong curvature of its rostrum, A 1 with two dorsal teeth on distal peduncle article 1, smooth pereonites 1 ‒ 7, by the absence of dorsal prominent protuberances near posterior margin of the head and epimeral plate 3 with 2 median teeth on posterior margin, the upper one smaller. The genetic divergences (uncorrected p-distance) between R. riina sp. nov. and R. oweni (NIWA- 82905, see Fig. 23) ranged from 15.8 to 16 % and from 17 to 17.2 % with R. cf. palporum (MG 521132, see Fig. 23). Ecological data. R. riina sp. nov. was collected at seven stations by trawling on muddy bottoms. Available information after on-board pictures (SALOMON 2 cruise only) 2 and log book notes also noticed the occurrence of abundant sunken wood and “ long-stick ” forams in the samples from the Salomon Islands, whereas some pumice stones were collected in the Vanuatu area. Megabenthic communities were represented by octocorals (Chrysogorgiidae, Acanella, and Parantiphates), Flabellum - type scleractinian, hexactinellid sponges, turrid gastropods, scaphopods, and decapods (galatheids, chirostylids, polychelids, and crangonids, oplophorids, and pandalids).	en	Corbari, Laure, Zuccon, Dario, Sorbe, Jean Claude, Frutos, Inmaculada (2024): New bathyal amphipod species (Amphipoda: Eusiridae: Rhachotropis) from southwestern Pacific through integrative taxonomy. Organisms Diversity & Evolution 24 (3): 375-416, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-024-00651-0, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-024-00651-0
556487BFFFE9FFF9FCEBFC1AFE15FC61.taxon	description	(Figs. 10, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 and 23) LSID: urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 52013 DDE- 2 EF 2 - 452 D- 8303 - 2 CB 3 DEEEB 182	en	Corbari, Laure, Zuccon, Dario, Sorbe, Jean Claude, Frutos, Inmaculada (2024): New bathyal amphipod species (Amphipoda: Eusiridae: Rhachotropis) from southwestern Pacific through integrative taxonomy. Organisms Diversity & Evolution 24 (3): 375-416, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-024-00651-0, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-024-00651-0
556487BFFFE9FFF9FCEBFC1AFE15FC61.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: brooding female, empty marsupium, 15.8 mm BL (MNHN-IU- 2015 - 708). Papua New Guinea, off New Britain, NW of Vitu Islands, MADEEP cruise, Stn CP 4246, 04 ° 07 ′ S, 148 ° 09 ′ E, 780 – 850 m, 22 / 04 / 2014. Comparative material examined. Rhachotropis kergueleni Stebbing, 1888. NHM. 1889.5.15: 97. Type material. One individual, sex unknown, completely dissected on five slides, 11.4 mm BL in the original description and figured by Stebbing; one brooding female, empty marsupium, 10.7 mm BL, currently measured. Challenger expedition, southern Indian Ocean at Kerguelen Island, no station data provided. Type locality. Papua New Guinea, Bismarck Sea, West Pacific province.	en	Corbari, Laure, Zuccon, Dario, Sorbe, Jean Claude, Frutos, Inmaculada (2024): New bathyal amphipod species (Amphipoda: Eusiridae: Rhachotropis) from southwestern Pacific through integrative taxonomy. Organisms Diversity & Evolution 24 (3): 375-416, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-024-00651-0, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-024-00651-0
556487BFFFE9FFF9FCEBFC1AFE15FC61.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name refers to Afekan, the Melanesian goddess of creation and knowledge. Noun in apposition. 2 https: // expeditions. mnhn. fr / campaign / salomon 2 / event / CP 2197? area = 1 https: // expeditions. mnhn. fr / campaign / salomon 2 / event / CP 2230? area = 1 https: // expeditions. mnhn. fr / campaign / salomon 2 / event / CP 2231? area = 1 ◂ Fig. 12 Rhachotropis riina sp. nov. Holotype, brooding female (MNHN- IU- 2017 - 524). A 1, antenna 1 left; A 2, antenna 2 left; Mxp, maxilliped posterior face. Scale bars: 0.5 mm	en	Corbari, Laure, Zuccon, Dario, Sorbe, Jean Claude, Frutos, Inmaculada (2024): New bathyal amphipod species (Amphipoda: Eusiridae: Rhachotropis) from southwestern Pacific through integrative taxonomy. Organisms Diversity & Evolution 24 (3): 375-416, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-024-00651-0, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-024-00651-0
556487BFFFE9FFF9FCEBFC1AFE15FC61.taxon	description	Description. Holotype brooding female (MNHN-IU- 2015 - 708). Body (Fig. 17): Rostrum long (93 % length of antenna 1 article 1), slightly curved (Fig. 10); eyes absent, (specimens preserved in ethanol). Pereonites 1 − 7 smooth (Fig. 17). Pleonites 1 − 3 bearing mediodorsal keel produced into a well-developed tooth (damaged on pleonite 3, apparently the largest) and dorsolateral slightly keel produced in a short tooth (Fig. 17 a). Epimeral plates 1 ‒ 2 smooth, epimeral plate 3, postero-ventral corner rounded with serrations. Urosomite 1 with short medial keel produced into a tooth, Urosomites 2 − 3 smooth. Antenna 1 (Fig. 18): Shorter than half body length and shorter than antenna 2 (broken). Peduncle article 1 with a ventral subdistal short tooth, and bearing one long simple seta, one plumose seta, and 6 shorter simple setae along the mesial margin; article 2 shorter than article 1, more than 2 times as long as article 3; article 3 with one medial simple seta, 2 distal setae (one broken, other sensitive), and distal tiny 1 - articulate accessory flagellum with one seta. Main flagellum 17 − articulate, all articles longer than wide, last one with three distal setae (aesthetasc). Antenna 2 (Fig. 18): Shorter than half body length (broken). Peduncle article 5 1.2 × longer than article 4 in length; ventral margin of article 4 with one longitudinal row of simple setae, 2 subdistal plumose setae and 3 long setae; apex of article 5 with 1 subdistal plumose seta and 3 long setae. Flagellum at least 10 - articulate (broken), each article longer than wide, with two subdistal long setae. Upper lip (Fig. 19): Entire, circular, triangular apex with blunt tip (folded) and subapical crown of setules. Mandibles (Fig. 19): Asymmetrical. Incisor process asymmetrical and well-developed on both mandibles; apex bifid on right one, partly dentate on left one. Laciniae mobilis asymmetrical, left one more massive than right one and dentate at apex. On both left and right mandibles setal row with 4 cuspidate setae. Molar process cylindrical, with large triturative apex delineated by a ring of stout blades and one plumose seta. Mandibular palp 3 - articulate; article 1 short; article 2 longer than article 3 with long slender setae distal parts; article 3 tapering distally, with row of long setae on inner margin and six plumose setae at the apex. Lower lip (Fig. 19): Outer lobes separated by broad gap, distally rounded and setose. Inner lobes small. Mandibular projections well developed. Maxilla 1: Inner plate with one subapical plumose seta and one long simple seta. Outer plate with 8 bifid / multifid cuspidate setae and one simple cuspidate seta. Palp 2 - articulate, proximal article shorter than distal one, bearing 3 distal long setae; distal article with long and very long setae on distal two-third (Fig. 19). Maxilla 2: Inner plate and outer plate subequal in length, inner one slightly wider than outer one. Both plates fringed with numerous slender simple setae and setules in their distal part. Inner margin of inner plate with one subapical plumose seta and subapical and apical setae on distal part (Fig. 19). Maxilliped: Inner plate shorter than outer one, with 4 ‒ 5 cuspidate stout setae irregularly shaped and implanted at apex, 3 submarginal stout setae near inner margin on anterior face. Outer plate not reaching half of palp article 2, with a submarginal row of stout setae near inner margin and marginal plumose setae at apex (Fig. 18). Palp 4 - articulate, long and setose; article 1 with 1 long and 2 short subdistal simple setae near outer margin; article 2 longest, with submarginal row of simple setae near inner margin and 1 subdistal short seta on outer margin; article 3 widened subdistally, with a transverse row of simple setae on anterior face and marginal / submarginal simple setae at apex; article 4 subequal in length to article 3, curved (Fig. 18). Gnathopods (Fig. 20). Both broken, uncompleted (carpus, propodus, and dactylus missing). Gnathopod 1: Coxa right long, produced anteriorly and rounded, reaching head anteroventral corner (Fig. 17); coxa left short, produced anteriorly and rounded, reaching the post-lateral cephalic sinus (Fig. 10). Basis arched, distally broader, anterior margin with a row of stout setae and a distal bunch of simple setae, postero-distal corner with 2 long and one short setae. Ischium postero-distal corner with 7 long setae. Merus, anterior margin with 2 medial setae and a bunch of long setae at postero-distal corner. Gnathopod 2: Coxa subquadrate, posterior margin slightly concave. Basis arched, distally broader, anterior several stout setae all along the anterior margin, antero-distal corer with a bunch of long setae, posterior margin with a row of stout setae, postero-distal corner with one large stout seta and 2 long simple setae. Ischium with a bunch of simple setae at postero-distal corner. Pereopods. Pereopod 3 (Fig. 20): narrow and elongate, shorter than pereopods 6 ‒ 7 (P 5 partly broken). Coxa subquadrate, posterior margin slightly concave with short simple setae on inner face. Basis recto-linear, anterior margin with a row of stout setae and posterior one with several cuspidate setae, postero-distal corner with 5 large stout setae. Merus slightly enlarged distally, posterior margin with a long simple seta, antero- and posteriordistal corner with 2 ‒ 3 stout setae and 1 ‒ 2 long simple setae. Carpus with long simple setae on posterior margin. Propodus with long setae on postero- and antero-margin. ◂ Fig. 13 Rhachotropis riina sp. nov. Holotype, brooding female (MNHN-IU- 2017 - 524). Mx 1, maxilla 1 left posterior face; Mx 2, maxilla 2 left posterior face; Md, mandible; UL, upper lip; LL, lower lip. Scale bars: 0.5 mm Dactylus long and slightly curved, 0.8 × propodus length. Pereopod 4 (Fig. 20): Similar to P 3. Coxa subquadrate, posteriorly excavate, posterior lobe blunt, ventral margin linear with one small setae, few setae on inner face. Basis recto-linear, anterior margin with a row of stout setae and posterior margin with several cuspidate setae, postero-distal corner with 7 stout setae. Merus and carpus with long simple setae on posterior margin. Propodus with long setae on both posterior and anterior margins. Dactylus long and slightly curved, 0.90 × propodus length. Pereopod 5 (Fig. 21): broken (carpus, propodus, and dactylus missing). Coxa bilobed with posterior lobe larger with postero-distal corner slightly serrate with some simple setae. Basis large, posteriorly produced, postero-distal corner acute slightly serrate with 2 distal stout setae and 2 medial short setae on posterior margin. Merus 2.88 × basis length with cuspidate and stout setae all along posterior and anterior margins, postero-distal corner with a long stout seta. Pereopod 6 (Fig. 21): very long. Coxa bilobed, posterior lobe bigger than anterior one with crenulation (lost setae) on hind margin. Basis large, posteriorly produced, postero-distal corner acute and slightly serrate (lost setae). Ischium with 3 medial long setae. Merus with stout setae all along postero- and antero-margin, ending in a spiniform process at postero-distal tip with a long stout seta. Carpus with stout and plumose setae all along anterior margin, one long stout seta on antero-distal corner, stout setae on posterior margin. Propodus, longest article, 3.75 × basis length, with stout and plumose setae all along anterior margin, postero-distal corner with 2 long plumose setae. Dactylus (tip broken) linear. Pereopod 7 (Fig. 21): broken, uncompleted (distal part of propodus, and dactylus missing). Coxa unilobate with few simple setae on anterior margin. Basis large, posteriorly produced, postero-distal corner acute, slightly serrate (lost setae) over-reaching distal margin of ischium, posterior margin with short simple setae. Merus with stout setae on anterior margin with one anterodistal long stout seta, posterior margin with stout setae, ending in a spiniform process at postero-distal tip with a long stout seta. Carpus, very long, with stout setae all along anterior and posterior margins. Propodus incomplete. Uropods (Fig. 22). Uropod 1: Peduncle longer than rami, fringed with a few cuspidate setae on outer margin and a row of stout setae along inner margin. Rami inqueal. Outer ramus 0.90 × inner ramus length, smooth. Inner ramus fringed with a few stout setae along inner margin. Uropod 2: peduncle slightly longer than rami with rows of stout setae along inner and outer margins, and 2 stout setae on inner distal corner. Rami unequal. Outer ramus 0.70 × inner ramus length, inner ramus fringed with a few stout setae along inner margin. Uropod 3: peduncle shorter than rami, with 3 cuspidate setae and 2 simple setae along inner margin. Rami lanceolate, subequal in length, inner ramus with a row of large stout setae on inner margin, few small stout setae on outer margin of outer ramus. Telson (Fig. 22): Elongated (length / width ratio: 2.26), slightly tapering towards apex, cleft 7.8 % of its length, with slightly dehiscent slit. Dorsal proximal area with a pair of long plumose setae and few setules along inner and outer margins. Molecular identification. COI sequence was obtained for the single specimen (inventory number (GenBank accession number), see Supplementary Table 1): MNHN- IU- 2015 - 708 (PP 495385), which is designed as the hologenophore (according to the definition given by Pleijel et al., 2008). Biological considerations. Male unknown, the single sampled specimen was a brooding female, empty marsupium.	en	Corbari, Laure, Zuccon, Dario, Sorbe, Jean Claude, Frutos, Inmaculada (2024): New bathyal amphipod species (Amphipoda: Eusiridae: Rhachotropis) from southwestern Pacific through integrative taxonomy. Organisms Diversity & Evolution 24 (3): 375-416, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-024-00651-0, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-024-00651-0
556487BFFFE9FFF9FCEBFC1AFE15FC61.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Southwestern Pacific, Bismarck Sea, depth range 780 – 850 m.	en	Corbari, Laure, Zuccon, Dario, Sorbe, Jean Claude, Frutos, Inmaculada (2024): New bathyal amphipod species (Amphipoda: Eusiridae: Rhachotropis) from southwestern Pacific through integrative taxonomy. Organisms Diversity & Evolution 24 (3): 375-416, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-024-00651-0, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-024-00651-0
556487BFFFE9FFF9FCEBFC1AFE15FC61.taxon	discussion	Remarks. R. afekan sp. nov. belongs to the blind Rhachotropis group with telson shortly cleft (less than 10 %), and also characterized by a strongly anteriorly produced rounded coxa 1, pereonite 7 without mediodorsal tooth, pleonites 1 ‒ 3 strongly carinate and dorsally produced into a well-developed tooth, and urosomite 1 ending with a dorsal tooth. According to that, it is closely related to R. kergueleni and R. sibogae — the former with 1 - articulate accessory flagellum bearing a distal long simple seta after detailed study of type material. R. afekan sp. nov. differs from R. kergueleni by pleonite 3 tricarinae, with dorsolateral teeth on its hind margin (vs single dorsal keel with a well-developed tooth), largest mediodorsal tooth on pleonite 3 (vs the largest one on pleonite 2), urosomite 1 carinate dorsally produced into a tooth (vs produced into sharp developed tooth), epimeron 3 slightly dentate on the inferoposterior corner (vs inferior margin straight and posterior margin with 15 upturned teeth), P 7 basis postero-distal corner exceeding ischium high (vs slightly developed), and coxa 1 reaching the post-lateral cephalic sinus (vs exceeding the sinus). It differs from R. sibogae by rostrum shorter than A 1 peduncle article 1 (vs as long as A 1 peduncle article 1), epimeron 3 slightly dentate on the inferoposterior corner (vs inferior margin dentate and posterior margin smooth), urosomite 1 carinate dorsally produced into a well-defined tooth (vs not dorsally carinate ending by a minute tooth), telson apex with slightly dehiscent slit (vs dehiscent telson apex with two pointed lobes). The observations of R. sibogae are based on the original description (type requested but probably lost, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden). Finally, R. afekan sp. nov. do not share with either of them a ventral subdistal tooth on A 1 peduncle article 1. The genetic divergences (uncorrected p-distance) between R. afekan sp. nov. and R. abyssalis (GU 804297 and MN 346577, see Fig. 23) ranged from 18.7 to 18.8 %. Ecological data. R. afekan sp. nov. was collected in a single station by trawling on muddy bottoms with abundant long spicules of hexactinellid sponges, beside some hard blocks and sunken wood debris (e. g., coconut and nipa palm seeds). According to the on-board pictures of the sample, 3 and preliminary notes on log book, the main benthic megafauna was represented by gorgonian and alcyonacean octocorals, sponges, as well as echinoderms (ophiurids, asteroids and echinoids), gastropods, and decapods (galatheoids, chirostylids, nematocarcinids). The epimeriid Epimeria rafaeli Coleman & Lowry, 2014 (18 specimens) represented the only amphipod species cooccurring in this station.	en	Corbari, Laure, Zuccon, Dario, Sorbe, Jean Claude, Frutos, Inmaculada (2024): New bathyal amphipod species (Amphipoda: Eusiridae: Rhachotropis) from southwestern Pacific through integrative taxonomy. Organisms Diversity & Evolution 24 (3): 375-416, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-024-00651-0, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-024-00651-0
