taxonID	type	description	language	source
554AA022672BA167FC8BE03B8D867D25.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Amyotea dystercoides Ellenrieder, 1862 (= Cimex malabaricus Fabricius, 1775), by subsequent designation (Schouteden, 1907).	en	Salini, S. (2017): Redescription of a predatory stink bug, Amyotea malabarica (Fabricius, 1775) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae). Journal of Biological Control 30 (4): 240, DOI: 10.18311/jbc/2016/15599, URL: https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2016/15599
554AA022672BA167FC8BE03B8D867D25.taxon	description	Redescription. Structure. Head slightly inclined downwards, distinctly wider than long. Mandibular plates straight, together wider than distance between ocelli, apex of each rounded, as long as clypeus (Fig. 7); lateral margins of mandibular plates slightly sinuate in front of compound eyes; clypeus not narrowing (opened anteriorly) anteriorly; dorsal surface of head more or less flattened. Compound eyes moderately large, rounded, protruding out of the head outline in most of their width. Postgenae behind eyes, not surpassing eyes laterally. Ocelli situated just before the posterior margin of head submedially. Antenniferous tubercles small, sessile, pointed apically, hardly visible from above. Antennae five segmented, slender. Antennal segment I shortest and segment II longest, segment III second shortest and segments IV and V subequal; antennal segment I cylindrical and stoutest; segments II to V slender and cylindrical. Bacculae reduced and confined mainly to base of first labial segment; labial segment I stoutest and passing anterior prosternal margin (Fig. 9); apex of labium reaching between hindcoxae. Pronotum. Anterior pronotal margin deeply concave; anterolateral angles rectangular, unarmed; anterolateral margins slightly concave especially towards humeral angles, not smooth, not reflexed, with indistinct serrations. Humeri slightly angulate, not sharp rather rounded; posreolateral margin obliquely straight; posterior margin straight. Pronotal disc more or less flat with slight transverse impression medially. Scutellum triangular, longer than wide at base, lateral margins slightly convex in frenal portion, incised at 1 / 3 rd from apex; apex of scutellum rounded; scutellum distinctly shorter than anterodistal angles of corium. Disc of scutellum mor or less flat. Hemelytra. Clavus narrowly triangular, uniformly and coarsely punctuate, extending beyond frena. Corium gradually widening towards distal end; anterodistall angles rounded apically, much surpassing apex of scutellum. Membrane translucent, widely rounded apically, extending much beyond apex of abdomen. Membrane with 9 - 11 simple, parallel veins, without reticulate venation. Thoracic pleuron and sternum. Forecoxae located away from mid and hind coxae, mid and hind coxae closely placed; mesosternum with narrow, median longitudinal carina. Peritreme modified into peritremal disc (Fig. 8); evaporatorium not distinctly delineated, metathoracic spiracle not distinct. Legs. Fore femora as long as mid femora but shorter than hindfemora; foretibiae as long as midtibiae but shorter than hindtibiae. Femora unarmed. All tibiae with segment II shortest, segment I subequal to combined length of segment II and III; all tarsal segments regularly rounded, not grooved. Pregenital abdomen broadly semiovate. Connexivum narrow and sometimes exposed; antero lateral angles and posterolateral angles of sternites rounded or slightly angulate, lacking tooth. Abdominal sternites slightly convex medially, neither grooved nor keeled. Sternites III (basal abdominal sternite) neither spinose nor depresses medially. Spiracle on sternite II covered by metapleuron. A pair of trichobothria placed posteriad to spiracle on each sternite III-VII. Sternite VIII (Fig. 12) in male short, roughly trapezoidal and partially covering the genital capsule ventrally from proximal end. Genitalia. Genital capsule of male roughly quadrangular; dorsal rim broadly concave with narrow median emargination.; ventral rim slightly wavy with slight concavity medially. Paramere small, roughly sickle-shaped Phallotheca with two halves due to transverse constriction; a pair of membranous conjunctival processes; processes of aedeagus sclerotized; aedeagus erect, short and tubular. Female genitalia with valvifers VII subquadrate; valvifers IX fused to single quadrate plate; laterotergite IX finger-like, laterotergite VIII medially fused. Ring sclerites absent. Spermatheca with balloon-like median dilation; apical receptacle large orbicular, without any finger-like processes.	en	Salini, S. (2017): Redescription of a predatory stink bug, Amyotea malabarica (Fabricius, 1775) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae). Journal of Biological Control 30 (4): 240, DOI: 10.18311/jbc/2016/15599, URL: https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2016/15599
554AA0226729A161FF34E1D08BA2792D.taxon	description	(Figs 5 - 6)	en	Salini, S. (2017): Redescription of a predatory stink bug, Amyotea malabarica (Fabricius, 1775) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae). Journal of Biological Control 30 (4): 240, DOI: 10.18311/jbc/2016/15599, URL: https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2016/15599
554AA0226729A161FF34E1D08BA2792D.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. INDIA: Karnataka: 1 ♀, Hoskote, 22. i. 2009, N 13 o 05.321 ’ E 077 o 49.687 ’, Yeshwanth, H. M.; 1 ♀, Kolar, 10. ix. 2009, Mallesh; 2 ♁, Basavanehalli, Magadi, 28. i. 2010, N 13 o 02 E 77 o 18, Mahendra, R, ex maize; 1 ♀, Basavanehalli, Magadi, 28. i. 2010, N 13 o 02 E 77 o 18, Umesh Kumar, S, ex Maize; 1 ♀, Savanadurga, 23. vii. 2010, Mallesh; 1 ♀, Devanahalli, 15. xii. 2010, N 13 o 16 E 77 o 38, Umeshkumar, S.; 1 ♁, Basavenahalli, 27. i. 2011, N 13 o 02 E 77 o 18, Mahendra, R; 1 ♁, Basavenahalli, 27. i. 2011, Meenakshi, J.; 2 ♀, Kenchanakuppe, Bidadi, 24. ii. 2011, N 12 o 48 E 77 o 22, Meenakshi, J, ex maize; 1 ♀, Tumukulahalli, Chikkaballpur, 26. iii. 2011, N 13 o 23 E 77 o 43, Meenakhi, J, ex Maize; 1 ♁, Shimoga, 17. v. 2011, Harish, ex light; 1 ♀, Hebbal, 10. viii. 2012, Salini, S.; 1 ♀, Hebbal, 19. xii. 2012, Salini, S; 1 ♀ (without label); 1 ♀, Hebbal, 05. i. 2013, Salini, S.; 1 ♁, Bangalore, Attur, 28. i. 2013, Salini, S.; 1 ♀, Attur, Yelahanka, 13. i. 2014, Salini, S; 1 ♀, Bagalur, 18. xii. 2015, Lalitha; Tamil Nadu: 1 ♁, Hosur, 11. xi. 2015, Salini, S.	en	Salini, S. (2017): Redescription of a predatory stink bug, Amyotea malabarica (Fabricius, 1775) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae). Journal of Biological Control 30 (4): 240, DOI: 10.18311/jbc/2016/15599, URL: https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2016/15599
554AA0226729A161FF34E1D08BA2792D.taxon	description	Redescription. Colouration. Body above bright red with black spots of variable size (Fig. 5) as follows: dorsal disc of head with oval, transverse elongate spot posteriorly behind compound eyes, black; one transverse, elongate black spot borne by each pronotal cicatrices; disc of scutellum with two large, roughly round spot at each basal angles, black. Antennal segments black except segment I red. Head underside including labium red except apex of labium (segment III and IV) pale. Thoracic and abdominal sternites (except red circumference) with alternate bands of black and white (Fig. 6). Legs red as a whole or black with red coxae. Integument and vestiture. Body uniformly covered with dense and fine punctae dorso-ventrally. All punctae concolourous to body colouration. Structure. See the generic redescription. Male genitalia (Figs 12 – 20). Genital capsule (Fig. 14) short, roughly quadrangular with posterior aperture slightly shifted towards dorsal side of genital capsule. Proctiger (Fig. 13) black, sclerotized proximally with median longitudinal suture. Caudal angles broadly rounded. Dorsal rim (Fig. 14) broadly concave with narrow median emargination; infoldings of dorsal rim with lateral depressions on either side of median emargination. Ventral rim (Fig. 15) slightly wavy with slight concavity medially. Paramere (Figs. 16 – 17) small, roughly sickle-shaped, distal end broadly expanded and rounded. Phallotheca of phallus with median transverse constriction, dividing phallotheca into two nearly equal halves (Fig. 18); phallotheca slightly sclerotized; a pair of membranous conjunctival processes with apex sclerotized and pointed (Figs 19 – 20). Processes of aedeagus sclerotized, fused subapically and longer than aedeagus (Fig. 20). Aedeagus erect, short and tubular (Fig. 19). Female genitalia (Figs 21 – 22). Valvifers VII subquadrate (Fig. 21) with posterior margin incised towards inner posterior angles, valvifers IX fused to single quadrate plate with posterior margin concave; laterotergite IX finger-like, reaching apex of abdomen, laterotergite VIII posteriorly encompassing laterotergite IX and segment X and medially fused. Ring sclerits absent. Spermatheca (Fig. 22) with proximal spermathecal duct longer than distal spermathecal duct, median dilation balloon-like; distal invagination of spermathecal duct (= spermathecal rod) narrow, cylindrical; intermediate part of spermatheca (= spermathecal pump) short, only single flange visible; apical receptacle large orbicular, without any finger-like processes. Measurements (in mm). Males (n = 5); median (minimum – maximum). Body length 11.16 (10.78 – 12.20); length of head 1.73 (1.66 – 1.84), width across eyes 2.17 (2.14 – 2.24), interocular distance 1.37 (1.32 – 1.44), lengths of antennal segments (I) 0.36 (0.32 – 0.39): (II) 1.72 (1.56 – 1.89): (III) 0.81 (0.73 – 0.92): (IV) 1.47 (1.45 – 1.51): (V) 1.44 (1.25 – 1.62); lengths of labial segments (I) 1.52 (1.40 – 1.68): (II) 1.76 (1.65 – 1.85): (III) 0.84 (0.77 – 0.97): (IV) 0.43 (0.39 – 0.50); median length of pronotum 2.36 (2.27 – 2.61; humeral width 5.07 (4.75 – 5.57); length of scutellum 3.94 (3.72 - 4.32); basal width of scutellum 3.22 (3.22 – 3.59). Females (n = 5); median (minimum – maximum). Body length 12.81 (11.70 – 14.41); length of head 1.95 (1.81 – 2.11), width across eyes 2.39 (2.24 – 2.59), interocular distance 1.51 (1.43 – 1.70), lengths of antennal segments (I) 0.38 (0.37 – 0.39): (II) 1.98 (1.78 – 2.47): (III) 0.91 (0.81 – 0.98): (IV) 1.53 (1.42 – 1.68): (V) 1.50 (1.38 – 1.59); lengths of labial segments (I) 1.70 (1.41 – 1.87): (II) 1.96 (1.79 – 2.19): (III) 0.94 (0.82 – 1.04): (IV) 0.46 (0.43 – 0.53); median length of pronotum 2.78 (2.53 – 2.89); humeral width 5.90 (5.59 – 6.52); length of scutellum 4.71 (4.42 – 5.16); basal width of scutellum 3.70 (3.44 – 4.26). Variability (Figs. 1 – 4). The specimens examined differ in the body measurements; variability also associated with shape of black spots on head, pronotum and scutellum apart from hemelytra. Disc of head sometimes with two additional longitudinal black marks at apex of each mandibular plates. The black spots borne by pronotal cicatrices sometimes enlarged and extended posteriorly covering most of the posterior pronotal disc dorsally, but well separated medially with red region. Black spots at basal angles of scutellum extending posteriorly and reaching to region where frena ends in a few specimens. Apart from the usual reddish hemelytra, sometimes whole of corium and adjacent posterior longitudinal half of embolium, black.	en	Salini, S. (2017): Redescription of a predatory stink bug, Amyotea malabarica (Fabricius, 1775) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae). Journal of Biological Control 30 (4): 240, DOI: 10.18311/jbc/2016/15599, URL: https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2016/15599
554AA0226729A161FF34E1D08BA2792D.taxon	biology_ecology	Bionomics. Freshly laid eggs (Fig. 10) are yellowish and after a day turns to orange brown (Fig. 11). Eggs are oval shaped, whole surface covered with numerous small spine-like projections. The operculum / lid is demarcated by a row of elongate and white hair-like structure at anterior region of egg (Fig. 11). Length of egg (1.16 mm) and width of egg (0.90 mm). Egg period was observed to be 10 – 11 days. Remaining stages unknown.	en	Salini, S. (2017): Redescription of a predatory stink bug, Amyotea malabarica (Fabricius, 1775) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae). Journal of Biological Control 30 (4): 240, DOI: 10.18311/jbc/2016/15599, URL: https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2016/15599
554AA0226729A161FF34E1D08BA2792D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Distribution within India is given by Salini and Viraktamath (2015). Attur, Bagalur, Chikkaballapur, Devanahalli, Hoskote, Kolar, Magadi, Savanadurga, Shimoga are the additional locations within Karnataka, from where the localized specimens are obtained for the present work.	en	Salini, S. (2017): Redescription of a predatory stink bug, Amyotea malabarica (Fabricius, 1775) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae). Journal of Biological Control 30 (4): 240, DOI: 10.18311/jbc/2016/15599, URL: https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2016/15599
