taxonID	type	description	language	source
8F28AB3E484A56149FA6FB9A7D4158FE.taxon	description	Figs 1, 3, 4, 5	en	Cruz-Lustre, Gabriela, Batista, João A. N. (2026): Hidden in plain sight: a new species of Habenaria (Orchidaceae) from the Espinhaço range in Minas Gerais, Brazil, plus an updated checklist of the genus from Grão Mogol. Plant Ecology and Evolution 159 (1): 12-26, DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.165607
8F28AB3E484A56149FA6FB9A7D4158FE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Habenaria adamantina is morphologically similar to Habenaria australis J. A. N. Bat., A. A. Vale & Menini in its small auricles, but it can be distinguished by the patent lateral sepals (vs deflexed in H. australis) and by the insertion of the anterior petal segment at the base of the posterior segment (vs 3.0 – 3.5 mm above in H. australis). It is also similar to Habenaria egleriana, Habenaria sobraliana J. A. N. Bat., A. A. Vale & Menini, and H. sprucei in that the anterior segment of the petals and the lateral segments of the lip are shorter than the posterior segment of the petals and median segment of the lip, respectively. However, it differs in that the auricles are arranged below the rostellum arms and the anther canals.	en	Cruz-Lustre, Gabriela, Batista, João A. N. (2026): Hidden in plain sight: a new species of Habenaria (Orchidaceae) from the Espinhaço range in Minas Gerais, Brazil, plus an updated checklist of the genus from Grão Mogol. Plant Ecology and Evolution 159 (1): 12-26, DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.165607
8F28AB3E484A56149FA6FB9A7D4158FE.taxon	description	Description Geophytic herb, caulescent, sympodial. Roots and tuber not examined. Stems erect, 13 – 31 cm long, including the inflorescence, 1.0 – 1.6 mm wide. Leaves 3 – 4 (– 5), spirally alternate, evenly distributed along the stem, blades 20.0 – 44.0 × 2.5 – 7.0 mm, sheath-like, reducing in size towards the apex of the stem, linear or lanceolate, membranaceous, base sheathing, sheath closed, apex acute, margin entire. Inflorescence (rachis) (0 –) 0.5 – 8.5 cm long, spiral, lax; floral bracts ovate or broadly elliptical, 9.9 – 14.0 × 5.2 – 6.6 mm, apex caudate, shorter than the pedicellate ovary. Flowers (1 –) 2 – 3 (– 7), green, resupinate, ascending, glabrous; pedicellate ovary 17.0 – 27.0 mm long, 1.4 – 3.3 times longer than the floral bracts; ovary slightly curved, 15.0 – 19.0 mm long; pedicel 3.0 – 5.0 mm long. Sepals light green, margins whitish, translucent, slightly smooth; dorsal sepal 6.1 – 6.7 × 5.4 – 6.0 mm, concave, widely ovate or orbicular when flattened, apex truncate or mucronulate; lateral sepals 7.2 – 8.9 × 3.0 – 3.4 mm, concave, obliquely ovate or obliquely lanceo-ovate, apex acute, mucronulate, patent, apex somewhat curved upward. Petals bipartite, light green; posterior segment 5.8 – 7.2 × 1.8 – 2.4 mm, falcate, adherent to the dorsal sepal, apex acute; anterior segment 4.0 – 6.1 × 0.3 – 0.5 mm, filiform, inserted at the base of the posterior segment, apex curved backwards, 0.6 – 0.9 times the length of the posterior segment. Labellum tripartite, light green; undivided basal part short, 0.2 – 1.0 mm long; lateral segments 6.7 – 7.8 × 0.4 – 0.6 mm, filiform, 0.7 – 0.8 times the length of the median segment, perpendicular to the medium segment, apex slightly curved backwards; median segment 8.6 – 10.0 × 1.3 – 1.8 mm, linear, apex acute or obtuse, apex slightly curved frontwards; spur 15.0 – 19.0 × 1.9 – 2.2 mm, slightly clavate, apex often covered by the bract, shorter than the pedicellate ovary, greenish-yellow. Gynostemium 2.5 – 2.9 mm high, erect; connective green, apex emarginated; lateral appendages (auricles) 1.6 × 0.9 mm, fleshy, verrucose, translucent, apex rounded, positioned below the rostellum arms and the anther canals. Anther bilocular, loculi parallel or slightly convergent, 2.2 – 2.4 mm high, translucent; canals 1.4 – 1.7 mm long, parallel, projected forward; pollinarium 3.6 – 4.1 mm long, separate, pollinia 1.3 – 1.5 × 0.7 – 0.9 mm; caudicles 2.1 – 2.4 mm long, filiform, translucent; viscidium 0.4 – 0.5 × 0.2 – 0.4 mm, subglobose, translucent to greyish, 1.6 – 1.9 mm apart from each other. Stigmatophores (stigma lobes) 2.6 mm long, closely parallel, light green, receptive surface 1.6 × 1.2 – 1.3 mm each, straight, turned frontwards, reclined almost 45 º in relation to the base, more or less in the same plane as the anther loculi, apex rounded or truncate, inner margin around the spur entrance slightly thickened. Rostellum 2.6 – 2.7 mm long, light green; midlobe 1.3 mm high, triangular, fleshy, erect, held between the anther loculi, green, apex rounded; side-lobes 1.8 mm long, parallel. Capsules not examined; seeds not examined.	en	Cruz-Lustre, Gabriela, Batista, João A. N. (2026): Hidden in plain sight: a new species of Habenaria (Orchidaceae) from the Espinhaço range in Minas Gerais, Brazil, plus an updated checklist of the genus from Grão Mogol. Plant Ecology and Evolution 159 (1): 12-26, DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.165607
8F28AB3E484A56149FA6FB9A7D4158FE.taxon	distribution	Distribution To date, H. adamantina is known from only two localities in Grão Mogol State Park, in Grão Mogol municipality, northern EMR, Minas Gerais state (Fig. 4). Given the rarity of endemism among Neotropical species of the genus (Batista et al. 2023), it is likely that the new species occurs in other localities, such as other nearby mountains or regions of the EMR.	en	Cruz-Lustre, Gabriela, Batista, João A. N. (2026): Hidden in plain sight: a new species of Habenaria (Orchidaceae) from the Espinhaço range in Minas Gerais, Brazil, plus an updated checklist of the genus from Grão Mogol. Plant Ecology and Evolution 159 (1): 12-26, DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.165607
8F28AB3E484A56149FA6FB9A7D4158FE.taxon	etymology	Etymology The specific epithet is derived from the Latin “ adamas ”, meaning “ diamond ”, and refers to the abundance of these crystals in the Grão Mogol region, which was a major diamond mining area in the late 18 th and early 19 th centuries (Karfunkel et al. 1994; Chaves et al. 2006).	en	Cruz-Lustre, Gabriela, Batista, João A. N. (2026): Hidden in plain sight: a new species of Habenaria (Orchidaceae) from the Espinhaço range in Minas Gerais, Brazil, plus an updated checklist of the genus from Grão Mogol. Plant Ecology and Evolution 159 (1): 12-26, DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.165607
