identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
353ED20FCA125B689AD73E149454AC64.text	353ED20FCA125B689AD73E149454AC64.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Musicillium theobromae (Turconi) Zare & W. Gams	<div><p>Musicillium theobromae (Turconi) Zare &amp; W. Gams</p><p>Description.</p><p>Saprobic on decaying branches of Areca sp. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Hyphomycetous (in vivo, Fig. 7). Colonies on natural substrates hairy, black, with glistering white conidial masses. Conidiophores 108–503 × 3–7 µm (x – = 252 × 4.5 μm, n = 15), solitary or in groups, macronematous, mononematous, mostly straight or slightly flexuous or bent, wider at the base, unbranched or branched, septate, thick-walled, smooth-walled or slightly asperulate, brown, pale brown to subhyaline or hyaline near the apex, bearing whorls of 3–6 (– 7) phialides. Conidiogenous cells 13.5–27 × 2–3 µm (x – = 19 × 2.5 μm, n = 20), monophialidic, subhyaline to hyaline, cylindrical, wider at the base and tapering towards the tips, sometimes with an inconspicuous collarette, asperulate. Conidia 3.1-4.8 × 1.4-2.1 µm (x – = 3.9 × 1.8 μm, n = 40), forming in slimy heads, hyaline, cylindrical, obovoid or ellipsoidal, thick-walled, guttulate, verrucose to granular. Hyphomycetous (in vitro, Fig. 8). Colonies on PDA. Vegetative hyphae subhyaline, pale brown to brown, sometimes aggregating into microsclerotium-like structures, moniliform hyphae are present. Conidiophores 178–375 × 2.5–4 µm (x – = 255 × 3 μm, n = 15), arising from vegetative hyphae, mostly straight or slightly flexuous or bent, slightly tapering toward the upper part, unbranched or branched, thick-walled, septate, smooth-walled, sometimes slightly asperulate, brown to pale brown, subhyaline or hyaline at upper part, bearing phialides. Conidiogenous cells 21–35 (– 43) × 2–4 µm (x – = 29 × 2 μm, n = 20), phialidic, in whorls of 1–6 phialides, smooth-walled, sometimes slightly asperulate, subhyaline to hyaline, cylindrical, wider at the base and tapering towards the tips. Conidia 3-6 (- 7.5) × 2-4 µm (x – = 4.8 × 2.8 μm, n = 40), forming in slimy heads, hyaline, obovoid or ellipsoidal to cylindrical, thick-walled, guttulate, smooth-walled.</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>Conidia germinating on PDA within 12 h. Colonies on PDA reaching 2 cm diam. after two weeks and 4 cm diam. after two months at 25 ± 2 ° C, finely floccose, round, entire margin to finely rhizoid, white and gray brown at the center, becoming raised and brown with age. Reverse white with gray brown at the center, becoming darker with age.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Thailand, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, Pranburi, on decaying Areca wood submerged in seawater and trapped between rocks, 25 October 2022, K. D. Hyde, R 6 a (MFLU 24-0454), living culture (MFLUCC 24-0563) .</p><p>GenBank numbers.</p><p>Musicillium theobromae MFLUCC 24-0563: ITS = PQ 778936, LSU = PQ 778931, rpb 2 = PQ 885480, tef 1 - α = PQ 885481.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The reconstruction of phylogenies from LSU - ITS - tef 1 - α- rpb 2 sequences showed that Musicillium theobromae (MFLUCC 24-0563) formed a sister clade with M. theobromae (CBS 968.72) in both maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses with 100 % ML / 1.00 BPP statistical support (Fig. 3). In a BLAST search in GenBank, the closest match of the ITS sequence of M. theobromae (MFLUCC 24-0563) was 99.33 % similar across 99 % of the query sequence to M. theobromae (NZ 62). In a BLAST search in GenBank, the closest match of the LSU sequence of M. theobromae (MFLUCC 24-0563) was 99.89 % similar across 98 % of the query sequence to M. theobromae (CBS 243.74). Musicillium theobromae (MFLUCC 24-0563) has similar morphology to the neotype species of M. theobromae (CBS 968.72), in having slightly asperulate brown septate conidiophores bearing whorls of up to six phialides, almost the same length (21–35 (– 43) µm vs. 17-35 µm) of phialide, which are tapering towards the tips, hyaline smooth-walled conidia forming in a slimy head (Zare et al. 2007). Therefore, M. theobromae (MFLUCC 24-0563) is introduced as a new host record on Areca based on morphology and phylogenetic evidence.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/353ED20FCA125B689AD73E149454AC64	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Asghari, Raheleh;Phukhamsakda, Chayanard;Jones, E. B. Gareth;Bahkali, Ali;Apurillo, Carlo Chris S.;Karimi, Omid;Kakumyan, Pattana;Hyde, Kevin D.	Asghari, Raheleh, Phukhamsakda, Chayanard, Jones, E. B. Gareth, Bahkali, Ali, Apurillo, Carlo Chris S., Karimi, Omid, Kakumyan, Pattana, Hyde, Kevin D. (2025): Morphology and phylogeny reveal two new species and host records of hyphomycetous fungi on Areca species from marine habitats in Thailand. MycoKeys 118: 179-206, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.118.147229
A63FEA12A51F5F1E8DE0C72846229B2C.text	A63FEA12A51F5F1E8DE0C72846229B2C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rosellinia maritima R. Asghari, Phukhams. & K. D. Hyde 2025	<div><p>Rosellinia maritima R. Asghari, Phukhams. &amp; K. D. Hyde sp. nov.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The epithet “ maritima ” refers to the marine habitat where the holotype was collected.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>MFLU 24-0452.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Saprobic on decaying branches of Areca sp. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Hyphomycetous (in vivo, Fig. 6 a – e). Colonies on natural substrates superficial, effuse, scattered, black. Mycelia on natural substrates superficial to immersed, branched, septate, subhyaline to brown. Sterile globules 52-74 × 47-69 µm (x – = 62 × 56 μm, n = 20), conidial-like, produced laterally or terminally on the hyphae, solitary, globose to subglobose or irregular, muriform appearance, composed of interwoven, unevenly arranged cells with irregular shapes, thick-walled, dark brown to black, darker in the center. Hyphomycetous (in vitro, Fig. 6 f – x). Colonies on PDA. Vegetative hyphae subhyaline, pale brown to brown, branched, septate, simple or sometimes irregularly moniliform. Conidiophores not seen or micronematous. Conidiogenous cells integrated, up to 13 μm in length, subcylindrical, subhyaline to brown. Conidia 8-13 × 5-10 µm (x – = 10.5 × 7.5 μm, n = 15), aleurioconidia, solitary, obovoid, truncate base, hyaline to brown, thick-walled, guttulate, intercalary, laterally or terminally, initiating by hyphal inflammation and separating from hyphae by forming septa. Sterile globules 37-145 × 31-66 µm (x – = 79 × 49 μm, n = 20), conidial-like, produced laterally or terminally on the hyphae, solitary, globose to subglobose, oblong or irregular, muriform appearance, agglomerations of hyphal structures, composed of interwoven, unevenly arranged cells with irregular shapes, thick wall, dark brown to black, darker in the center.</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>Conidia germinating on PDA within 12 h. Colonies on PDA reaching 5 cm diam. after one month at 25 ± 2 ° C, felty, flat, round, entire margin, dull, gray and white concentric rings, with dirty whitish edge, reverse dark brown with olivaceous gray edge.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Thailand, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, Pranburi, on decaying Areca wood submerged in seawater and trapped between rocks, 25 October 2022, K. D. Hyde, R 6 c (MFLU 24-0452, holotype), isotype (MFLU 24-0453), ex-type living culture (MFLUCC 24-0562), ex-isotype living culture (MFLUCC 24-0564) .</p><p>GenBank numbers.</p><p>Rosellinia maritima MFLUCC 24-0562 (ex-type): ITS = PQ 778938, LSU = PQ 778933, tub 2 = PQ 885479, rpb 2 = PQ 885483; Rosellinia maritima MFLUCC 24-0564 (ex-isotype): ITS = PQ 778939.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The construction of phylogenies from combined ITS, LSU, tub 2 and rpb 2 sequence data showed that Rosellinia maritima (MFLUCC 24-0562) formed a subclade to a group of Rosellinia species: R. sanctae-cruciana (HAST 90072903), R. nectrioides (CBS 449.89), R. abscondita (CBS 447.89), R. marcucciana (MUCL 51704), R. mammiformis (CBS 445.89) and R. britannica (MFLU 17-0987, HKAS 102349) in both maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses with 85 % ML / 0.95 BPP statistical support showing the same topology. In a BLAST search in GenBank, the closest match of the ITS sequence of R. maritima (MFLUCC 24-0562) was 95 % similar across 66 % of the query sequence to Rosellinia sp. isolate (OTU 1178), which was obtained using Illumina sequencing, and its morphology is not available (Gao et al. 2020). In a BLAST search in GenBank, the closest match of the LSU sequence of R. maritima (MFLUCC 24-0562) was 98.48 % similar across 94 % of the query sequence to R. sanctae-cruciana strain BB. Rosellinia maritima (MFLU 24-0452) is not comparable with Rosellinia sanctae-cruciana as the morphology of its asexual morph is not available. Asexual morphs of Rosellinia have been recorded to be geniculosporium-like, dematophora-like, or nodulisporium-like (Petrini 2013), which is different from R. maritima (MFLU 24-0452) in having distinguished conidiophores, monoblastic geniculate conidiogenous cells, and ellipsoidal conidia. Rosellinia maritima (MFLUCC 24-0562) has morphological similarities with R. truncatispora in culture, producing pale brown, thick-walled, septate hyphal sterile elements. However, it differs by having sterile globules and aleurioconidia in culture (Fournier et al. 2017). Therefore, we introduced our collection of R. maritima (MFLU 24-0452) as a novel species based on its distinct morphology and phylogenetic evidence.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A63FEA12A51F5F1E8DE0C72846229B2C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Asghari, Raheleh;Phukhamsakda, Chayanard;Jones, E. B. Gareth;Bahkali, Ali;Apurillo, Carlo Chris S.;Karimi, Omid;Kakumyan, Pattana;Hyde, Kevin D.	Asghari, Raheleh, Phukhamsakda, Chayanard, Jones, E. B. Gareth, Bahkali, Ali, Apurillo, Carlo Chris S., Karimi, Omid, Kakumyan, Pattana, Hyde, Kevin D. (2025): Morphology and phylogeny reveal two new species and host records of hyphomycetous fungi on Areca species from marine habitats in Thailand. MycoKeys 118: 179-206, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.118.147229
E10508090D5B5A61A63883720D8A7370.text	E10508090D5B5A61A63883720D8A7370.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sarocladium gamsii A. Giraldo, Gene & Guarro	<div><p>Sarocladium gamsii A. Giraldo, Gené &amp; Guarro</p><p>Description.</p><p>Saprobic on decaying branches of Areca sp. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Hyphomycetous (in vivo, Fig. 9). Colonies on natural substrates hairy, effuse, scattered, grayish, shiny, with black conidiophores. Synemata, tree-like, 240–280 µm height (x – = 328 μm, n = 10), wider at the base 25–62 µm wide (x – = 44 μm, n = 10), narrower in the middle 17–30 µm wide (x – = 24 μm, n = 10), divergent in the upper part, composed of 8–20 conidiophores at the base of each stipe. Conidiophores 193–298 × 1.5–3 µm (x – = 259 × 2.5 μm, n = 15), solitary or in groups, macronematous, synnematous, twisted in the stipe, parallel in the upper part, irregularly branched, straight or slightly flexuous, septate, smooth, brown, subhyaline to hyaline at the upper part. Conidiogenous cells 10–39 × 1.5–2.5 µm (x – = 21 × 2 μm, n = 15), polyphialidic, integrated or terminal, cylindrical, straight to slightly curved or sympodial at the upper part, acropetally proliferating, subhyaline to hyaline, finely aculeate, denticle at the attachment site of conidia, without collarette. Conidia 2-6.5 × 1.5-2.5 µm (x – = 4 × 2 μm, n = 30), unicellular, fusiform, truncate at base, rounded apex, hyaline, thick-walled, smooth-walled, guttulate, bud scars or disjunctors present at the site of attachment. Hyphomycetous (in vitro, Fig. 10). Colonies on PDA. Vegetative hyphae hyaline, smooth-walled, thin-walled, septate. Conidiophores 8.5–47 (– 76) µm (x – = 29 μm, n = 15) height, arising from vegetative hyphae or ropes of hyphae, straight, flexuous or slightly bent, slightly tapering toward the apex, unbranched to rarely branched, smooth-walled to asperulate, hyaline, aseptate or uniseptate at the base. Conidiogenous cells 5.5–45 × 1–1.75 µm (x – = 27 × 1.3 μm, n = 15), monophialidic, acicular, with apical periclinal thickening, finely asperulate, hyaline. Conidia 3-5 × 1-2 µm (x – = 4.5 × 1.5 μm, n = 30), solitary or forming in slimy heads or chains, hyaline, unicellular, fusiform, thick-walled, guttulate, finely asperulate. Chlamydospores not observed.</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>Conidia germinating on PDA within 12 h. Colonies on PDA reaching 2.5 cm diam. after one month and 3 cm diam. after two months at 25 ± 2 ° C, umbonate, radially folded, lobate to irregular, yellowish white. Reverse buff.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Thailand, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, Pranburi, on decaying Areca wood submerged in seawater and trapped between rocks, 25 October 2022, K. D. Hyde, R 6 d (MFLU 24-0451), living culture (MFLUCC 24-0561) .</p><p>GenBank numbers.</p><p>Sarocladium gamsii MFLUCC 24-0561: ITS = PQ 778937, LSU = PQ 778932.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The reconstruction of phylogenies from combined LSU, ITS and act sequences showed that Sarocladium gamsii (MFLUCC 24-0561) formed a sister clade with S. gamsii (CBS 707.73 in both maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses with 100 % ML / 1 BPP statistical support (Fig. 4). In a BLAST search in GenBank, the closest match of the ITS sequence of S. gamsii (MFLUCC 24-0561) was 99 % similar across 95 % of the query sequence to S. gamsii (PUPYF 263 _ ANAMORPH). In a BLAST search in GenBank, the closest match of the LSU sequence of Sarocladium gamsii (MFLUCC 24-0561) was 99 % similar across 100 % of the query sequence to Monocillium sp. (CBS 187.80). Sarocladium gamsii (MFLUCC 24-0561) has similar morphology to S. gamsii (CBS 707.73) in having straight or slightly bent, unbranched or rarely branched conidiophores arising from vegetative hyphae or ropes of hyphae, monophialidic conidiogenous cells with apical periclinal thickening, fusiform, hyaline, aseptate conidia forming in chains or slimy heads, but it differs in having finely asperulate conidiogenous cells and conidia (Giraldo et al. 2015). Sarocladium gamsii (MFLUCC 24-0561) is introduced as a new host record based on morphology and phylogenetic evidence.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E10508090D5B5A61A63883720D8A7370	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Asghari, Raheleh;Phukhamsakda, Chayanard;Jones, E. B. Gareth;Bahkali, Ali;Apurillo, Carlo Chris S.;Karimi, Omid;Kakumyan, Pattana;Hyde, Kevin D.	Asghari, Raheleh, Phukhamsakda, Chayanard, Jones, E. B. Gareth, Bahkali, Ali, Apurillo, Carlo Chris S., Karimi, Omid, Kakumyan, Pattana, Hyde, Kevin D. (2025): Morphology and phylogeny reveal two new species and host records of hyphomycetous fungi on Areca species from marine habitats in Thailand. MycoKeys 118: 179-206, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.118.147229
FCB9A7BF2D855EEF8B9D5E4E5EDDC19F.text	FCB9A7BF2D855EEF8B9D5E4E5EDDC19F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetraploa maritima R. Asghari, Phukhams. & K. D. Hyde 2025	<div><p>Tetraploa maritima R. Asghari, Phukhams. &amp; K. D. Hyde sp. nov.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The epithet “ maritima ” refers to the marine habitat where the holotype was collected.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>MFLU 24-0455.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Saprobic on decaying branches of Areca sp. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Hyphomycetous (in vivo, Fig. 5). Mycelia on natural substrates superficial, branched, septate, sometimes with swollen cells, black or dark brown. Conidiophores not observed. Conidiogenous cells 4.5-17 × 1-3 µm (x – = 11 × 2 μm, n = 5) monoblastic, brown, thick walled, integrated. Conidia 14-28 × 13-18.5 µm (x – = 21.5 × 15 μm, n = 20), solitary, short cylindrical, thick-walled, verrucose to granular, brown, mostly with a subhyaline to pale brown hilum up to 13 µm (– 17), with 3–4 columns 5.5-9 µm wide (x – = 7, n = 20), columns are compact and connected almost all their length, 2–4 septa in each column, constricted at septa. Appendages 19-48 × 2-3 µm (x – = 30 × 2.7 μm, n = 15), 3.5-4.5 µm at the base, setose, unbranched, thick-walled, thin-walled at the apex, up to four septa, finely verrucose, brown, pale brown to subhyaline at the apex, sometimes continuing to grow, forming a subcylindrical narrower paler cell up to 13 µm (n = 10) length.</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>Conidia germinating on PDA within 12 h. Colonies on PDA reaching 1.5 cm diam. after 10 d at 25 ± 2 ° C, velvety to floccose, raised, round, entire margin, grayish yellow, with whitish edge, reverse reddish brown with pale buff edge.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Thailand, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, Pranburi, on decaying Areca wood submerged in seawater and trapped between rocks, 25 October 2022, K. D. Hyde, R 6 g (MFLU 24-0455, holotype), ex-type living culture (MFLUCC 24-0565) .</p><p>GenBank numbers.</p><p>Tetraploa maritima MFLUCC 24-0565 (ex-type): ITS = PQ 778934, LSU = PQ 778930, SSU = PQ 778940, tub 2 = PQ 885482.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The reconstruction of phylogenies from LSU, ITS, tub 2 and SSU sequence data showed that Tetraploa maritima (MFLUCC 24-0565) formed a distinct clade with T. pseudoaristata (NFCCI 4624, NFCCI 4625, NFCCI 4626) in both maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses with 95 % ML / 0.94 BPP statistical support. Both maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses showed the same topology. The closest match of the ITS sequence of Tetraploa maritima (MFLUCC 24-0565) was 98.92 % similar across 100 % of the query sequence to T. pseudoaristata (NFCCI 4626). In a BLAST search in GenBank, the closest match of the LSU sequence of T. maritima (MFLUCC 24-0565) was 99.88 % similar to T. pseudoaristata (NFCCI 4624, NFCCI 4625, NFCCI 4626). Tetraploa maritima (MFLU 24-0455) has similar morphology to T. pseudoaristata (NFCCI 4624) by having verrucose conidia with four apical appendages but differs in having a distinguishable hilum and shorter and narrower appendages (19-48 × 2-3 µm vs. 23–107.5 × 2.4–5.2 µm), which are sometimes elongate above the apex, unlike T. pseudoaristata (NFCCI 4624). Conidial columns in T. maritima (MFLU 24-0455) are compact and connected almost fully along the length, while in T. pseudoaristata (NFCCI 4624) they are partly split, with the two columns totally separating at the upper part (Hyde et al. 2020). Tetraploa maritima (MFLUCC 24-0565) showed 2.7 % (16 out of 595), 0.2 % (2 out of 874) and 2.4 % (10 out of 423) base pair differences with T. pseudoaristata (NFCCI 4624) in ITS, LSU and tub 2 respectively, without gaps. Therefore, T. maritima (MFLU 24-0455) is introduced as a novel species based on morphological and molecular evidence.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FCB9A7BF2D855EEF8B9D5E4E5EDDC19F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Asghari, Raheleh;Phukhamsakda, Chayanard;Jones, E. B. Gareth;Bahkali, Ali;Apurillo, Carlo Chris S.;Karimi, Omid;Kakumyan, Pattana;Hyde, Kevin D.	Asghari, Raheleh, Phukhamsakda, Chayanard, Jones, E. B. Gareth, Bahkali, Ali, Apurillo, Carlo Chris S., Karimi, Omid, Kakumyan, Pattana, Hyde, Kevin D. (2025): Morphology and phylogeny reveal two new species and host records of hyphomycetous fungi on Areca species from marine habitats in Thailand. MycoKeys 118: 179-206, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.118.147229
