taxonID	type	description	language	source
5251830BFFF30921FFAFFECCFD965B1B.taxon	description	Flowering & fruiting: Flowering fom July to September and fruiting from August to October. Habitat: In wet humus in granite rock crevices, at altitudes 1100 m above sea level, along with Mitracarpus hirtus DC. (Rubiaceae), Porella sp. (Porellaceae) and species of moss, Selaginella sp. (Selaginellaceae) and grasses (Poaceae). Distribution: Endemic to the southern Western Ghats, hitherto known only from the type locality and adjoining areas (Fig. 6). Specimens examined: INDIA, Kerala, Kottayam district, Kurisumala, 17.08.2013, K. M. Manudev & A. P. Janeesha 134206, 134209; on the way to 6 th cross, 07.08.2014, A. P. Janeesha & A. P. Roshan 134268; near to 6 th cross, 07.08.2014, A. P. Janeesha & A. P. Roshan 134269; near 7 th cross, 26.06.2016, P. S. Sreeja & A. P. Janeesha 137659; near 10 th cross, 26.06.2016, P. S. Sreeja & A. P. Janeesha 137660; on the way to Elaveezhapoonchira, 28.06.2016, A. P. Janeesha & Santhosh Nampy 137665 (CALI). Conservation status: The species can be found at two localities in Kurisumala and Elaveezhapoonchira about 20 km apart, with an estimated Extent of Occurrence (EOO) of 34 km ². Eighty two mature plants were observed across these two localities and the plants at Kurisumala and the series of crosses represent a continuous population. A continuing decline in population size has been observed over three years because the localities are tourist destinations. Therefore, this species is assessed here as Endangered (EN), B 1 ab (ii, iii, iv, v), B 2 ab (ii, iii, iv, v), D, according to IUCN’s guidelines (IUCN, 2019). Notes: This species is morphologically close to H. humboldtiana in the shape of leaves, presence of bracts and much longer scapes than the leaves (Janeesha & Nampy, 2015; Janeesha, 2017). However, it is distinguishable by its thick laminae with narrowly cuneate to attenuate base, larger, elliptic to obovate bracts, ovate calyx lobes that do not reach the full length of the ovary and hairs at the junction of the anther lobes and filaments. Henckelia bracteata plants are robust and dull green throughout while the peduncles, pedicels, calyx and capsules are usually reddish brown. Although the margins of the laminae are crenate, the crenation is shallow when compared to H. humboldtiana. When grown in the greenhouse at low altitudes, the colour of the corolla changes from pale lilac to dark lilac to violet.	en	A. P., Janeesha, Nampy, S. (2020): A taxonomic revision of Henckelia (Gesneriaceae) in South India with a new species, one new combination and seven lectotypifications. Rheedea 30 (1): 48-95, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.01.03, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.01.03
5251830BFFF30921FFAFFECCFD965B1B.taxon	description	Flowering & fruiting: Flowering from May to October and fruiting from July to December. Habitat: On moist slopes and in rock crevices, usually at an altitude above 850 m, in association with Adiantum philippense L., A. concinnum Willd., Hemionitis arifolia (Burm.) T. Moore (all Pteridaceae), Spermacoce exilis (L. O. Williams) C. D. Adams, Mitracarpus hirtus DC., Oldenlandia umbellata L. (all Rubiaceae), Leucas aspera Link. (Lamiaceae) and a few grass species. Distribution: Endemic to southern Western Ghats (Fig. 6). Specimens examined: INDIA, Kerala, Idukki district, Kottamala, 16.05.1995, Jomy Augustine 15309 (CALI); near Idukki dam, 24.08.1981, V. S. Raju 71173 (MH); Santhanpara, 2016, P. Soumya & A. P. Janeesha 137678 (CALI); Palakkad district, Karimala-grassland, 26.09.2013, A. P. Janeesha & Santhosh Nampy 134227 (CALI); Nelliyampathy, 29.06.1994, A. E. Shanavas Khan & E. S. Santhosh Kumar 20100 (TBGT); Ibid., s. d., V. P. K. Nambiar 1067 (KFRI digital image); Parambikulam-way to Thunakkadavu dam view point, 24.09.2013, A. P. Janeesha & Santhosh Nampy 134222; Seetharkundnear the water fall, 17.09.2013, A. P. Janeesha, Habeeb Rahman & A. Kabeer 134216; Vengoli hill top, 25.09.2013, A. P. Janeesha & Santhosh Nampy 134224 (CALI); Pathanamthitta district, Achankovil, s. d., A. G. Pandurangan 14432 (TBGT). Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore district, Anamalai, 1857, s. coll. s. n. (MH); Nilgiri district, Kodanad, 12.11.1970, E. Vajravelu 36854 (MH); Tenkasi district, Courtallam, s. d., K. Narayana Iyer 01874 (TBGT); Theni district, Meghamalai, 25.08.1985, K. Ravikumar 2380 (MH); Tirunelveli district, Kularatti estate, 21.12.1980, E. Vajravelu 76416 (MH). Conservation status: The species is widely distributed in Kerala with a few localities in Tamil Nadu with around twelve localities. The Extent of Occurrence (EOO) is estimated to be c. 5600 km ². The Area of Occupancy (AOO) is likely less than 50 km ², since the plants occur in localized populations. For instance, in Kerala five locations were surveyed and a total of only 136 mature plants were found. The locations in Kerala and Tamil Nadu are important tourist destinations. Therefore, there is the potential of disturbance due to tourist activities with detrimental outcomes for the number of plants and localities. Even though the species is widely distributed, because of the likely small AOO the species could be categorized at present as Endangered (EN), B 2 ab (ii, iii, v), according to IUCN (2019) criteria. Notes: This is a fairly large plant with deeply crenate leaves and many-flowered, long scapes. The flowers are deeply pouched and horizontally oriented. Their scapes are pale greenish-red under natural conditions, but bright green when grown in the greenhouse. Typification: This species was described by Gamble (1924) based on specimens collected by C. E. C. Fischer from Anamalai hills. Vitek et al. (2000) cited “ South India, Anamalai hills, Coimbatore district, 500 – 600 m alt., 02.08.1915, C. E. C. Fischer (K) ” as the type. While searching for the type specimens, two relevant sheets were found in K (K 000450837, K 00122291). Both sheets were annotated, “ Didymocarpus Rottlerianus, Wall., Anamalai hills, South India, 1700 ft., C. Fischer, 2.8.1915 ”. The sheet K 000450837 has a flowering plant, and two fruiting scapes separately mounted on it, but contains a note by Gamble “ a letter from Mr. Fischer dated 27.11.22 says that three specimens were collected at a place called Pachchathani on the lowest slopes of the anamalais ...... towards mount Stuart, 13.1.23 ” while the other sheet has two flowering plants. According to Art. 9.17 of ICN (Turland et al., 2018), we take a second step lectotypification by narrowing them to a single specimen. We chose K 000450837 that agrees with the protologue and has the inscription by Gamble, while the other specimen (K 00122291) is designated as isolectotype.	en	A. P., Janeesha, Nampy, S. (2020): A taxonomic revision of Henckelia (Gesneriaceae) in South India with a new species, one new combination and seven lectotypifications. Rheedea 30 (1): 48-95, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.01.03, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.01.03
5251830BFFF30921FFAFFECCFD965B1B.taxon	description	Flowering & fruiting: Flowering from July to late September and fruiting from September to November (sometimes up to March). Upper Kodayar, 02.09.1981, K. M. Matthew 17831 (RHT); way to Kannikkatti, 05.07.1964, A. N. Henry & M. Chandrabose 19292 (MH). s. loc., s. d., T. Surendran 5105 (CALI). Conservation status: The species occurs in several populations in three to four localities widely disjunct in the SW and NW of Tamil Nadu. Because of this disjunction, the Extent of Occurrence (EOO) is with of c. 3500 km 2 large. The authors have observed only 27 mature plants in one population in Kakkachi, in the Tirunelveli district in Tamil Nadu. This might suggests that the populations in general are rather small. However, since the status of other localities is unknown and potentially intervening localities may exist, the species is best categorised as Data deficient (DD). Habitat: On moist hill slopes, along with Adiantum raddianum C. Presl (Pteridaceae) and a few species of moss. Distribution: Endemic to the southern Western Ghats (Fig. 6). Specimens examined: INDIA, Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore district, Bolampatti valley, 24.02.1917, C. E. C. Fischer 4059 (FRC); Kanyakumari district, Muthukuzhivayal grass land, 15.03.1979, A. N. Henry 60703 (MH); Tenkasi district, Courtallam- Thekkumalai, 11.11.1984, Jolly Jacob 4072; Ibid., 11.11.1984, A. R. Sheela 3677; Ibid., 11.11.1984, K. Leela 4344; Ibid., 11.11.1984, A. M. Rema 4878 (CALI); Tirunelveli district, Agasthyamalai peak, 01.07.1964, A. N. Henry & M. Chandrabose 19215; Ibid., 24.08.1963, A. N. Henry 17317; Kannikathi, 13.06.1899, C. A. Barber 506; Neelikkattu, 11.10.1992, R. Gopalan 99487 (MH); on the way to Kakkachi-near Manjolai estate board, 21.07.2016, A. P. Janeesha & Santhosh Nampy 137677 (CALI); Sevgaltai, 24.09.1915, s. coll. 12477 (MH); Notes: This species can be easily differentiated from the morphologically allied H. incana by its broadly winged petioles, and much shorter (13 – 15 mm long), tomentose capsules. Typification: Henckelia gambleana was originally described as a variety of Didymocarpus rottlerianus Wall. ex R. Br. by Clarke (1883) based on Wight’s manuscript name D. lanuginosus. Clarke (1885 [“ 1884 ”]), subsequently treated it as a variety of D. tomentosus Wight (as D. tomentosus var. lanuginosus). Gamble (1924), however, elevated it to a distinct species (as D. lanuginosus). Gamble’s D. lanuginosus, being a later homonym of D. lanuginosus Wallich ex Candolle (1845), was renamed as D. gambleanus (= H. gambleana) by Fischer (1938). While searching for the type specimens, three sheets were found, two in K (K 000858182, K 000858183) and one in E (E 00627530). The sheet K 000858182 with HRWP label is annotated “ D. lanuginosa, 561 / 1835 ” by Wight. This sheet has two plants and two scapes separately mounted on it. The other sheet K 000858183 has a field label, Courtallam 561. There is one plant in vegetative stage and a scape separately mounted on it. The specimen in E (E 00627530) has three plants, two in vegetative stage and another flowering plant and a separate scape. This sheet also has a field label 561, Courtallam July 1835. Vitek et al. (2000) cited “ Wight 561 (K) ” as the type. According to Art. 9.17 of ICN (Turland et al., 2018), we take a second-step lectotypification by narrowing them to a single specimen at K (K 000858182) that agrees with the protologue and designate the rest of the specimens as isolectotypes. Henckelia humboldtiana (Gardner) A. Weber & B. L. Burtt, Beitr. Biol. P flanzen 70: 346. 1998 [“ 1997 ”]; T. S. Nayar et al., Fl. Pl. Western Ghats 1: 528. 2014. Didymocarpus humboldtianus Gardner, Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 6: 477. 1846; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 4: 353. 1885 [“ 1884 ”]; Gamble, Fl. Madras 988. 1924; W. L. Theob. & Grupe in Dassan. & Fosberg, Rev. Handb. Fl. Ceylon 3: 84. 1981; A. N. Henry et al., Fl. Tamil Nadu Ind., Ser I: Analysis 2: 132. 1987; Manil., Fl. Silent Valley 200. 1988; Sasidh., Biodivers. Doc. Kerala Part 6: Fl. Pl. 332. 2004; N. Anilkumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta Dist. 370. 2005; T. S. Nayar et al., Fl. Pl. Kerala 342. 2006. Roettlera humboldtiana (Gardner) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 476. 1891. Lectotype (designated by Janeesha & Nampy, 2015): SRI LANKA (CEYLON), Rambodde, Gardner 600 (K [K 000858189 digital image!]; isolecto K [K 000858188 digital image!]).	en	A. P., Janeesha, Nampy, S. (2020): A taxonomic revision of Henckelia (Gesneriaceae) in South India with a new species, one new combination and seven lectotypifications. Rheedea 30 (1): 48-95, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.01.03, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.01.03
5251830BFFF30921FFAFFECCFD965B1B.taxon	description	Flowering & fruiting: Flowering from May to September and fruiting from July to November. Habitat: On moist slopes or on rocks, at medium elevations of 350 m, along with Selaginella sp. (Selaginellaceae), Pteris sp. (Pteridaceae), Impatiens gardneriana Wight, I. acaulis Arn. (both Balsaminaceae) and a few grass species. Distribution: South India and Sri Lanka (Fig. 11). Specimens examined: INDIA, Kerala, Ernakulam district, Neriyamangalam, 20.08.1965, K. M. Sebastine 25087 (MH); Idukki district, Munnar, 08.11.1985, P. C. Binoy 05047 (TBGT); Kollam district, Thenmala, 01.10.1960, Joseph 2, 3 (BSI, E); Kottayam district, Pambanar, 24.05.1964, K. Vivekananthan 23998; Pullupara, 24.09.1964, K. Vivekananthan 21314 (MH); Vagamon, 03.10.2015, C. Pramod & A. P. Janeesha 137644, 137647 (CALI); Kozhikode district, Kakkayam, 20.07.2013, A. P. Janeesha & A. J. Robi 134201; Ibid., 26.05.2015, S. Resmi & A. P. Janeesha 137618; Ibid., 26.05.2015, A. P. Janeesha, P. K. Dilna & Santhosh Nampy 137620; Kakkayam-Ghat road side, 03.10.2016, A. P. Janeesha & K. Haseem 137687; way to Kakkayam forest office, after 12 th turn, 19.09.2013, A. P. Janeesha, Habeeb Rahman & S. Syam Radh 134221 (CALI); Palakkad district, Koomankundu, 18.09.1982, K. Prasannan 10991; Pulippara, 18.09.1982, T. Sabu 10999 (CALI); Wayanad district, Boys town-Kannur Mananthavadi route, 15.09.2016, Shimi Cheriyan, P. K. Dilna & A. P. Janeesha 137687 (CALI); Travancore, s. d., C. C. Calder & M. S. Ramaswami 1312 (CAL). Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore district, Aliyar Dam, 24.08.1963, K. N. Subramanian 782 (FRC); Anamalai, 04.11.1897, s. coll. s. n.; Bolamapatty hills, s. d., s. coll. 14019 (MH); Dindigul district, Kodaikanal hills, 14.10.1919, K. C. Jacob 16114 (MH); Kodaikanal-Pulney, 20.10.1898, A. G. Bourne 193 (CAL); Perumal malai, 24.10.1977, M. Chandrabose 51666; Poombarai, 18.10.1977, M. Chandrabose 51365 (CAL, MH); way to Pannaikadu, 15.1968, s. coll. 30849 (MH); Kanyakumari district, Kurathividuthi estate, 11.11.1989, S. R. Srinivasan 86969 (MH); Madurai district, Anna-Manalur, 06.08.1985, K. M. Matthew 41821; Dolphin’s nose, 07.07.1959, K. M. Matthew 433; Ibid., 31.10.1985, K. M. Matthew 42477 (RHT); Nilgiri district, Coonoor, 27.07.1957, K. M. Sebastine 4060 (MH); Ramanthapuram district, Deviar estate, 11.06.1979, S. R. Srinivasan 63518 (CAL, MH); Virudhunagar district, Mysore medu, 22.10.1988, S. R. Srinivasan 89452; s. loc., 11.11.1989, S. R. Srinivasan 86972 (MH). s. loc., 20.05.1913, s. coll. 691; s. loc., 23.08, s. coll. 229; s. loc., s. d., s. coll. 1784 (CAL). Conservation status: This species is widely distributed in Kerala and Tamil Nadu and in Sri Lanka and we consider it as of Least Concern (LC) according to IUCN (2019) criteria. Notes: This species is close to H. bracteata and H. meeboldii in leaf shape, but can be easily distinguished by its linear to oblong bracts, linear calyx lobes and hairy connectives.	en	A. P., Janeesha, Nampy, S. (2020): A taxonomic revision of Henckelia (Gesneriaceae) in South India with a new species, one new combination and seven lectotypifications. Rheedea 30 (1): 48-95, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.01.03, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.01.03
5251830BFFFE0930FFAFFD9CFE6F5FA8.taxon	description	Perennials, rosette-forming hairy herbs with rootstocks. Roots adventitious, thin. Leaves 6 – 18, basal, usually in whorls of three, rarely two; petioles 0.8 – 3 cm long, pubescent, winged; wings 2.3 – 3.4 mm broad; laminae elliptic-widely ovate, 5.5 – 11 × 3 – 9 cm, acute to obtuse at apex, attenuate at base, margins shallowly crenate, ultimate segments regular, surfaces usually rugose, pilose on the upper surface, tomentose on lower surface, but more so on the younger leaves and on lower veins, becoming less so with age; veins usually 5 on each side, much branched and conspicuous beneath. Cymes axillary, dense, 2 – 6 per plant, 2 – 4 times divided, 8 – 17 - flowered, pubescent; peduncles terete, 6 – 23 cm long, reddish brown, pubescent; bracts two at each branching, ovate to lanceolate 2.2 – 2.8 × 0.5 – 0.6 mm, obtuse to narrowly acute at apex, margins crenate, hispid along the margin; pedicels 7 – 15 mm long, terete, narrow, glandular hairy. Flowers 10 – 15 × 6 – 10 mm. Calyx 5 - partite, very deeply divided; lobes lanceolate, unequal, posterior lobe small, 3.4 – 4.4 × 1 – 1.23 mm, others 4.1 – 5.2 × 1.2 – 1.3 mm, slightly acute to obtuse at apex, margins entire, reddish brown, hispid. Corolla zygomorphic, ventricose, two lipped, glandular hairy outside, glabrous inside; tube 6.7 – 7.3 × 5.4 – 7.1 mm, lilac to pale lilac with a yellow patch in the throat; lobes oblate to widely, rounded to slightly acute at apex, lilac to pale lilac, upper lip of two lobes, 3.6 – 4.2 × 2.7 – 4.5 mm, lower lip of three lobes, 4.3 – 4.8 × 3.9 – 5.2 mm. Stamens 2, adnate to the base of the corolla, included; filaments 4 – 5.4 mm long, glabrous, rarely few (3 – 5) hairs towards the top, green on the top and colourless towards base; anthers reniform, 1.6 – 1.8 × 0.7 – 0.9 mm, milky white, glabrous. Staminodes 2; filaments 2.4 – 3.1 mm long, hyaline, glabrous; antherodes globose or not prominent, glabrous, if globose rarely with 1 or 2 hairs. Ovary ovoid to oblong, 3.8 – 4.3 × 1.16 – 1.46 mm, green, glandular hairy; style terete, 3.23 – 3.86 mm long, green, glabrous; stigma obliquely subcapitate, 0.4 – 0.6 × 0.74 – 1 mm, papillate, pale green. Capsules cylindrical, straight or slightly curved, 21 – 28 × 2 – 2.4 mm, plagiocarpic, dehiscing loculicidally along the dorsal side, reddish brown, hispid, with persistent stigma and calyx. Seeds numerous, elliptic, 0.5 – 0.56 × 0.22 – 0.26 mm, slightly acute at apex, truncate at base; testa dark brown to black, reticulate. Chromosome numbers: n = 27 (Thathachar, 1942), n = ± 45, 2 n = ± 90 (Ratter & Prentice, 1967). Flowering & fruiting: Flowering from May to October and fruiting from July to December. Habitat: On moist slopes and in rock crevices, together with Begonia floccifera Bedd. (Begoniaceae), Justicia japonica Thunb. (Acanthaceae), species of moss and grass. Distribution: Endemic to the southern Western Ghats (Fig. 11). Specimens examined: INDIA, Karnataka, Bangalore district, Savandurga hilltop, 14.08.1979, K. P. Sreenath 8954 (CAL); Mysore district, Devagiri betta-Beduguli, 08.09.1961, Seshagiri Rao Rolla 73794; Ibid., 17.04.1962, A. S. Rao 80020 (E, CAL). Kerala, Idukki district, Alampetty, Marayur, 30.07.1982, V. P. K. Nambiar & N. Sasidharan 2168 (KFRI digital image); Calvary mount, 13.11.1981, V. S. Raju 71239 (CAL); Devikulam, 14.07.1993, A. Nazarudeen 17834 (TBGT); Idukki dam, 24.08.1981, V. S. Raju 71172; Kattappana, 23.08.1977, K. Vivekananthan 50486; Ibid., 23.08.1981, V. S. Raju 71162; Ibid., 27.09.1981, C. N. Mohanan 72013 (MH); Kulamavu, 12.10.1982, C. N. Mohanan 74583 (CAL, MH); Marakkanam, 23.08.1977, K. Vivekananthan 50486 (CAL); Munnar forest division, Suryanelli, 19.10.1986, B. Gurudev Singh & K. R. Sasidharan 12427 (FRC); on the hill between Cheruthoni and Idukki dam, 24.08.1981, V. S. Raju 71172 (CAL); way to Calvary mount, 13.11.1981, V. S. Raju s. n. (MH); Kollam district, Aryankavu, 08.06.1977, E. Sarada Amma 21894 (CALI); Kazhuthuruthy-Thenmala, 20.12.1978, C. N. Mohanan 59572; Ottakkal hills near Arnarkkad, 23.12.1969, M. V. Viswanathan MVV 307 (MH); Thenmala, 13.07.2010, Geethakumary 69602 (TBGT); Kottayam district, Kumarakam, 25.12.1980, A. S. Suletha 92205 (DEV); Palakkad district, Nelliyampathy, 16.09.1998, K. Radhakrishnan 29060 (TBGT); Ibid., 2016, P. Soumya & A. P. Janeesha 137691; Parambikulam, 20.04.1976, Rugmini Devi 12129; Ibid., 28.04.1976, M. P. Ramani s. n.; Ibid., 26.05.2014, A. Kabeer & A. P. Janeesha 134262 (CALI); Walayar forest, 10.07.1963, J. Joseph 17049 (E, MH); Thiruvananthapuaram district, Arivikarai, 10.10.1928, V. Narayanaswami 934 (MH); Ponmudi, 19.09.1968, K. M. Matthew 9190; Ibid., 12.09.1970, K. M. Matthew 12411 (RHT); Ibid., 16.08.1980, M. Mohanan 69225; Ibid., 17.11.1977, M. Mohanan 52549; Ibid., 25.05.1979, M. Mohanan 63280 (MH); Ibid., s. d., M. Abdul Jabbar 13777; Ibid., 29.10.1983, Satheesh Kumar 5921 (TBGT); Ibid., 28.11.2012, A. P. Janeesha, P. M. Shahina & K. M. Manudev 134255; Ibid., 31.07.2014, Santhosh Nampy & A. P. Janeesha 134146, 134148; Ibid., 31.07.2014, S. Syam Radh, Santhosh Nampy & A. P. Janeesha 134152, 134165, 134168 (CALI); Ponmudi-way to upper sanatorium, 25.05.1979, M. Mohanan 63280; Ibid., 16.08.1980, M. Mohanan 69225 (CAL); Wayanad district, Edakkal cave-inside, 08.07.2016, A. P. Janeesha & P. G. Arunkumar 137674 (CALI). Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore district, Aliyar submergible area, 28.07.1962, K. M. Sebastine 14686 (CAL, MH); Anamalai, 08.10.1901, C. A. Barber 3629; Ibid., 10.10.1901, C. A. Barber 3659 (MH); Ibid., 26.06.1973, R. N. Kajal & G. N. Tribedi 567 (CAL); Andiparai shola R. F., 26.06.1973, E. Vajravelu 44302 (MH); around Attakatti, s. d., J. Joseph 12685 (CAL, MH); Bolampetty valley, 24.02.1917, C. E. C. Fischer 4059 (CAL); Hassanur, 25.08.1914, s. coll. 10634; Kurudimalai, 27.09.1956, K. Subramanyam 865; Ibid., 17.11.1968, J. L. Ellis & S. Karthikeyan 31325; Ibid., 20.01.1970, M. V. Viswanathan MVV 375 (MH); Kuridimalainorthern slopes, 27.09.1956, K. Subramanyam 865 (CAL); Marudamalai, 24.06.1930, V. Narayanaswami 3072 (MH); Ibid., 09.08.2014, K. Thoiba & A. P. Janeesha 134280; Valparai- Shivamalai, 13.12.2013, A. P. Janeesha & Santhosh Nampy 134244; Velliangiri hills-way to temple, 29.05.2014, S. Syam Radh, R. Rajeevan & A. P. Janeesha 138187, 138189, 138191; Ibid., 30.09.2016, Nikhil Krishna & A. P. Janeesha 137689 (CALI); Dindigul district, Kodaikanal, 20.11.2012, K. M. Manudev, A. P. Janeesha & Santhosh Nampy 134254 (CALI); Perumparai, 22.10.1977, M. Chandrabose 51612 (CAL); Ratter water fall, 25.02.2014, A. Kabeer, K. Shinoj & A. P. Janeesha 134258 (CALI); Sirumalai, 16.05.1958, J. M. Pallithanam 3356 (BLAT); Kanyakumari district, Kooladai, 08.09.1969, B. V. Shetty 32293; Maranthuvalmalai, 18.10.1985, R. Gopalan 83374; Sevgaltai, 24.09.1915, s. coll. 12447 (MH); Thekkumalai, 19.11.1956, K. M Sebastine 1368 (CAL, MH); Madurai district, Amaravathi sagaram-lower camp, 22.06.1968, D. B. Deb 30121; Cumbum valley, 20.06.1959, K. Subramanyam 8048 (MH); High way hut, 05.1917, E. Blatter & Hallberg 355 (BLAT, CAL); Sirumalai, 23.08.1913, C. A. Barber 9058 (MH); Vengayapparai, 21.11.1985, K. M. Matthew, A. Usha & N. Rajendran 42987 (RHT); way to Perumparai, 22.10.1977, M. Chandrabose 51612 (MH); Namakkal district, Kolli hills, 01.08.1978, N. Venugopal 15984 (CAL); Nilgiris district, Bimaka shola, 26.08.1970, G. V. Subba Rao 36346 (MH); Kil Kotagiri-on the way, 25.10.1956, K. Subramanyan 1171 (CAL); Kodanad view point, 24.07.1970, E. Vajravelu 35084 (MH); Mudumalai, 03.06.1994, S. K. Mandal 7214 (CAL); Naduvattam, 28.06.1970, B. V. Shetty 34457; Ibid., 30.08.1970, B. D. Sharma 35926; way to Anakkatai from Ebanad, 27.07.1972, G. V. Subba Rao 41563; way to Kilkotagiri, 25.10.1972, K. Subramanyam 1171 (MH); way to Naduvattam from Devar shola, 21.07.1960, K. Subramanyam 10517 (CAL, MH); Pykara falls, 08.1884, J. S. Gamble 15292 (CAL, BM digital image); Ibid., 06.1884, J. S. Gamble 1424 1 (BM digital image); Pudukkottai district, Ponnamaravathi, 22.07.1984, C. Arulappan s. n. (MH); Ramnad district, Kendiparai-Ayyanar koil, 23.09.1971, E. Vajravelu 38704; Mudaliarattu, 21.09.1917, P. S. Jivanna Rao 15096 (MH); Salem district, Kolli hills, 10.09.1992, A. A. Ansari 97066; Retreat area-Yercaud, 24.07.1965, S. Karthikeyan 26853 (MH); Thiruchirapalli district, Trichy, 18.10.1985, P. C. Jose Kutty 1146 (DEV); Tenkasi district, Courtallam, 04.07.1974, T. N. Reetha Bai 30815 (CALI); Tirunelveli district, Chunkankada hills, near Sree Ayyappa College, 20.07.2016, A. P. Janeesha, S. Resmi & P. G. Arunkumar 137676 (CALI); Karayar Dam, 30.07.1989, Shanavas Khan 5853 (TBGT); Kohimalai, 02.11.1914, s. coll. 11396; Kulurathumottai grassland, 16.10.1992, R. Gopalan 9997; Mahendragiri, 17.09.1916, s. coll. 13139 (MH); near Kodayar power house, 19.07.2016, A. P. Janeesha, S. Resmi & P. G. Arunkumar 137675 (CALI); Neelikkathu R. F., 03.05.1989, R. Gopalan 90532 (MH); Papanasam project, 07.11.1959, K. M. Sebastian 9560 (CAL); Thulukkam parai, 28.11.1969, B. V. Shetty 32947; Vasudevanallur R. F., 03.10.1971, E. Vajravelu 38847 (MH); Vellore district, slopes of Konamalai, 18.07.1961, C. P. Sreemadhavan CPS 741; s. loc., 27.09.1986, S. R. Raja & Nagavath s. n. (MH). State unknown, s. loc., 06.1883, J. S. Gamble 11780 (CAL). Peninsular India, s. d., R. Wight 2352 (CAL). Conservation status: This species is widely distributed in Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu and the thresholds for Extent of Occurrence (EOO) and Area of Occupancy (AOO) are not met by this species to fall into one of the threat categories. We therefore consider it as of Least Concern (LC) according to IUCN (2019) criteria. Notes: Wallich (1829) in his catalogue listed Didymocarpus rottlerianus and quoted Roettlera incana as a synonym. D. rottlerianus Wall. is thus validated by Roettlera incana and became nomenclaturally superfluous (for more information, see Burtt, 1954) and both names have Rottler’s specimen as type. Typification: Vahl (1804) described Roettlera incana (H. incana (Vahl) Spreng.) based on Röttler’s specimen from mountains in Madurai, India. Vitek et al. (2000) cited the sheet at C (C 10012757 digital image!) as the holotype. A further search revealed a photograph of the above sheet from C at E with the barcode E 00155176 (photograph E!). The sheet C 10012757 contains two flowering specimens mounted separately but do not bear any field label or collector’s information to ascertain it as a type material. A further search revealed one sheet with two barcodes at K (K 001129365, K 001111886 digital images!) collected by Röttler. Except the one specimen mounted on the upper side of the sheet, all others agree with H. incana. However, the field label attached at the top of the sheet indicated as locality “ ooty ”. Hence, this specimen can also not be considered for typification. According to Stafleu and Cowan (1983), Röttler’s main collections are kept at K and LIV and other materials are at C, ER, FI, H, H-Aeh, JE, LE, M, MH, MO, MW and NY. Even though a lectotypification is necessary, access to some herbaria material has been impossible in time, lectotypification is postponed here and will be carried out in a separate paper. Wight (1848) described Didymocarpus tomentosus Wight and included an illustration of his collection from Kaitie falls, on the Neilgherries. It was further mentioned in the protologue “ I have since received many specimens from hills near Coimbatore, and have often met with it in similar situations ”. All of this is original material and available for lectotypification. Vitek et al. (2000) cited “ Wight (K) ” as the type. We traced three relevant specimens at K (K 000858193, K 000858195, K 000858196 digital images!). One sheet K 000858193 with an HRWP label is annotated “ Did. tomentosa?, Jamalay Coimbatore ” by Wight. The sheets K 000858195 and K 000858196 have the annotations “ 2352 Didymocarpus tomentosus Wt ”, with field labels, one with “ Jamalay, June 1848 ” and the other “ Jamalay near Coimbatore, November 1847 ” respectively. Specimens from Kaitie falls are, however, not available in any herbaria. The sheet K 000858196, earliest among them with five mature plants and scapes is chosen here as the second-step lectotype while the others (K 000858193, K 000858195) are consequently isolectotypes.	en	A. P., Janeesha, Nampy, S. (2020): A taxonomic revision of Henckelia (Gesneriaceae) in South India with a new species, one new combination and seven lectotypifications. Rheedea 30 (1): 48-95, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.01.03, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.01.03
5251830BFFFE0930FFAFFD9CFE6F5FA8.taxon	description	Perennials, rosette-forming hairy herbs with rootstocks. Roots adventitious, thin. Leaves 6 – 15, basal, usually in whorls of three; petioles 2.5 – 9 cm long, pubescent, winged; wings 1 – 3 mm broad; laminae elliptic, 8.5 – 12 × 4.7 – 6.7 cm, acute at apex, narrowly cuneate to attenuate at base, margins doubly serrate, first serration deep and ultimate segments irregular, surfaces usually rugose; hispid on both surfaces, but more so on the younger leaves and on lower veins, becoming less so with age, veins usually 5 on each side, much branched and conspicuous beneath. Cymes axillary, 2 – 7 per plant, 3 – 5 times divided, 12 – 22 - flowered, pubescent; peduncles terete, 18 – 24 cm long, green, pubescent; bracts two at each branching point, linear, 3 – 5 × 1.3 – 2.4 mm, obtuse at apex, margins entire, hispid; pedicels terete, 4 – 14 mm long, narrow, pubescent. Flowers 10 – 20 × 4 – 9 mm. Calyx 5 - partite, very deeply divided or basally connate; lobes elliptic to oblong, unequal, posterior lobe small, 2 – 2.2 × 0.68 – 0.77 mm, others 2.3 – 2.9 × 0.71 – 1 mm, obtuse at apex, margins entire, reddish brown towards the base and green towards the apex, hispid on both sides. Corolla zygomorphic, ventricose, two lipped, glandular hairy outside, glabrous inside; tube 6.8 – 7.9 × 5.3 – 6.2 mm, pale lilac with a yellow patch in the throat; lobes widely ovate to orbicular, rounded at apex, slightly undulate, pale lilac, upper lip of two lobes, 4.5 – 5.2 × 5.3 – 5.9 mm, lower lip of three lobes, 5.4 – 5.8 × 5.3 – 6.2 mm. Stamens 2, adnate to the base of the corolla, included; filaments 3.3 – 3.8 mm long, glabrous, green on the top and colourless Habitat: On moist slopes and in rock crevices, along with Selaginella sp. (Selaginellaceae), Spermacoce alata Aubl. (Rubiaceae) and a few grass species. Distribution: Endemic to the southern Western Ghats (Fig. 11). towards base; anthers reniform, 1.45 – 1.6 × 0.62 – 0.7 mm, milky white, glabrous. Staminodes 2; filaments 1.8 – 2 mm long, hyaline, glabrous; antherodes a small knob like structure. Ovary ovoid to oblong, 3.1 – 3.5 × 1.15 – 1.3 mm, green, glandular hairy; style terete, 2.4 – 2.6 mm long, green, glabrous; stigma obliquely subcapitate, 0.53 – 0.58 × 0.3 mm, papillate, pale green. Capsules cylindrical, straight, 12 – 19 × 1.4 – 1.6 mm, plagiocarpic, dehiscing loculicidally along the dorsal side, reddish brown, tomentulose with persistent stigma and calyx. Seeds numerous, elliptic, 0.43 – 0.56 × 0.2 mm, slightly acute at both ends; testa dark brown to black, reticulate. Chromosome numbers: n = 16, 2 n = 32 (Ratter & Prentice, 1967). Flowering & fruiting: Flowering from (May) June to September and fruiting from August to December. Specimens examined: INDIA, Karnataka, Coorg district, s. loc., s. d., s. coll. s. n. (CAL). Kerala, Idukki district, Chinnar, 19.01.1986, B. Gurudev Singh & K. R. Sasidharan 12428 (FRC); Ibid., 07.10.1994, E. S. Santhosh Kumar 17595 (TBGT); Kollam district, Achencoil, 22.05.1979, C. N. Mohanan 63025 (MH); Moonnamra-Thenmala, 17.08.2016, A. P. Janeesha & Santhosh Nampy 137681; Moonnamra-near constructing railway track, 17.08.2016, A. P. Janeesha, S. Resmi, Dani Francis & K. S. Arathy 137682 (CALI); Palakkad district, Dhoni reserve forest, 20.07.1963, J. Joseph 17220 (MH); Pathanamthitta district, Achankovil to Mekkarai, 05.09.1913, M. Rama Rao 1652 (CAL). Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore district, Attakatti, 04.07.1961, J. Joseph 12685 (MH); Ibid., 21.11.1980, M. Chandrabose & V. Chandrasekaran 69044 (MH, CAL); Parappalar dam, 11.11.1986, K. M. Matthew 47293 (RHT); Siruvani, 14.08.1960, A. N. Henry 351 (MH); Siruvani-near Bungalow, 14.08.1960, A. N. Henry 350 (BLAT). Dharmapuri district, Chitteri hills, 12.08.1978, K. M. Matthew 16362; Ibid., 09.01.1980, K. M. Matthew 25618 (RHT); Kanyakumari district, s. loc., 29.10.2015, K. Thoiba & A. P. Janeesha 137651, 137652 (CALI); Nilgiri district, s. loc., s. d., G. Thomson 1351 (CAL); Ramnad district, Ayyanarkoil, 23.09.1971, E. Vajravelu 38715; Cumbummedu, 14.03.1970, E. Vajravelu 33767; Yanaimutti rocks, 13.12.1972, E. Vajravelu 39412 (MH); Salem district, Krishnagiri, 24.09.1917, s. coll. 14935 (MH); Yercaud, 28.06.1980, V. Sainaba 28364 (CALI); Tenkasi district, Courtallam, 18.07.1901, C. A. Barber 3374; Ibid., 16.07.1907, C. A. Barber 8378; Ibid., 23.07.1957, K. Subramanyam 3745 (MH); Ibid., 29.06.1980, K. Indira Devi 5760; Ibid., 30.06.1980, K. S. Hema 8143; Ibid., 30.06.1980, T. Usha 30144; Ibid., 30.06.1980, M. S. Baby Usha Kiran 3783 (CALI); Tirunelveli district, around Shembagadevi, 27.09.1975, K. K. N. Nair 1167 (CAL); forest near Papanasam project, 07.11.1959, K. M. Sebastine 9560; Kannakattii, 13.06.1899, C. A. Barber 505 (MH); Mekkarai-on rock, 06.09.1913, C. C. Calder & M. S. Ramaswami 620 (CAL); Naterikal, 21.09.1914, s. coll. 10952 (MH); Sengalten, 16.02.1913, D. Hooper & M. S. Ramaswami 39219 (CAL); Vasudevanallur, 13.11.1925, S. R. Raju 17801; Ibid., 03.10.1971, E. Vajravelu 38845 (MH); s. loc., 01.09.1913, C. C. Calder & M. S. Ramaswami 507. s. loc., 01.06.1905, C. E. C. Fischer 22; s. loc., s. d., M. S. Ramaswami 607; s. loc., s. d., s. coll. 67; s. loc., s. d., R. Wight 2678 (CAL, E); s. loc., s. d., s. coll. 778 (CAL). Conservation status: The species occurs widely in 13 districts in three states, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. The Extent of Occurrence (EOO) is estimated to be c. 34100 km ². However, during field surveys of two localities, only 106 mature plants were observed, suggesting that the populations are not large. Not all of the localities are in protected areas and those outside face high risks of habitat destruction, particularly one that is located very near to a railway track construction site. However, because of the number of populations and localities, the species can be considered at present of Least Concern (LC) according to IUCN (2019) criteria. Typification: Wallich (1829) in his catalogue named this species Didymocarpus rottlerianus Wall. but quoted Roettlera incana Vahl as its synonym. The name D. rottlerianus thus got validated and became nomenclaturally superfluous (for more information, see Burtt, 1954). Burtt (1954) named Wallich’s specimen 778 as D. innominatus B. L. Burtt. Vitek et al. (2000) cited “ Wallich 778 [K] ” as the type. We have traced five Wallichian collections at K (K 001129365, K 00085184, K 001111885, K 001111884, K 001111886 digital images!). In order to narrow down the choice to a single specimen, we carried out a second-step lectotypification here. The sheets K 001129365 (labelled 777 C & D) and K 001111886 are mixed collections, and the specimens mounted on the upper side alone belong to H. innominata. K 00085184, K 001111885, K 001111884 are labelled 778, 778 B & 778.1 respectively and all belong to H. innominata. Of these, sheet K 001111885 with a complete plant and inflorescence is chosen here as the lectotype while the other specimens (K 00085184, K 001111884) are consequently isolectotypes.	en	A. P., Janeesha, Nampy, S. (2020): A taxonomic revision of Henckelia (Gesneriaceae) in South India with a new species, one new combination and seven lectotypifications. Rheedea 30 (1): 48-95, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.01.03, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.01.03
5251830BFFFE0930FFAFFD9CFE6F5FA8.taxon	description	Perennials, rosette-forming hairy herbs with rootstocks. Roots adventitious, thin. Leaves 6 – 9, basal, usually in whorls of three; petioles 4.5 – 14 cm long, pubescent, lacerate; laminae widely ellipticorbicular, 4.5 – 7.5 × 4.5 – 6.3 cm, rounded to obtuse at apex, lyrate at base, margins doubly crenate to serrate, sometimes the first crenation is very deep and irregular, surfaces usually rugose, pilose on both surfaces, but more so on the younger leaves and on lower veins, becoming less so with age; veins usually 5 on each side, much branched and conspicuous beneath. Cymes axillary, 3 – 9 per plant, 3 – 5 times divided, 12 – 21 - flowered, pubescent; peduncles terete, 13 – 29 cm long, green, pubescent; bracts two at each branching point, linear, 3 – 5 × c. 1 mm, obtuse to rounded at apex, margins entire, pilose; pedicels terete, 4 – 25 mm long, narrow, pubescent. Flowers 10 – 14 × 5 – 7 mm. Calyx 5 - partite, very deeply divided; lobes broadly lanceolate, unequal, posterior lobe small, 2 – 4.5 × 0.5 – 1.3 mm, others 4 – 11 × 0.7 – 3 mm, obtuse at apex, margins entire, green, pilose. Corolla zygomorphic, ventricose, two lipped, minutely villous outside, glabrous inside; tube 8 – 10 × 5 – 6.7 mm, white to pale lilac with a yellow patch in the throat; lobes widely ovate, ovate to rounded at apex, white to pale lilac, upper lip of two lobes, 3.7 – 4.1 × 4 – 4.8 mm, lower lip of three lobes, 4 – 5 × 4.2 – 5.3 mm. Stamens 2, adnate to the base of the corolla, included; filaments 3.5 – 4.2 mm long, glabrous; anthers reniform, 1.5 – 1.6 × c. 0.62 mm, milky white. Staminodes 2; filaments 3.1 – 3.5 mm long, glabrous; antherodes highly reduced. Ovary ovoid to oblong, 2.6 – 3 × 0.78 – 0.86 mm, pubescent; style terete, 3 – 3.8 mm long, glabrous; stigma obliquely subcapitate, c. 0.34 mm diam., papillate, white to pale green. Capsules cylindrical, straight or slightly curved, 12 – 36 mm long, plagiocarpic, dehiscing loculicidally along the dorsal side, green, glandular hairy with persistent stigma and calyx. Seeds numerous, oblong-ovoid to elliptic, 0.4 – 0.51 × 0.17 – 0.21 mm, slightly acute at apex; testa dark brown to black, reticulate. Flowering & fruiting: Flowering from May to October and fruiting from August to December. Habitat: On moist rocks, in association with Porella sp. (Porellaceae). Distribution: Endemic to the southern Western Ghats (Fig. 17). Specimens examined: INDIA, Kerala, Idukki district, Neymakkad gap, N 10 ̊ 082 46.322 ', E 77 ̊ 052 16.93 ', 1784 m, 22.10.2004, M. P. Geethakumary & A. G. Pandurangan 55339 (TBGT); Kollam district, Aryankavu, 02.12.1961, K. N. Subramanian 77355 (BSI); Palakkad district, Dhoni forest-Korakkallu region, 27.09.2013, K. M. Prabhukumar 7559 (CALI). Tamil Nadu, Ramnad district, Kendiparai slopes-Ayyanarkoil, 23.09.1971, E. Vajravelu 38715; Kumbumedu, 14.03.1970, E. Vajravelu 33767; Yanimutti Rock-Mudaliaruthu, 13.12.1972, E. Vajravelu 39412 (MH); Virudhunagar district, Srivilliputhur Wildlife sanctuary, 24.10.2013, Kabeer & G. Gnanashekaran 130400 (MH). Conservation status: The species occurs in Kerala and Tamil Nadu with around five localities in five districts, with one isolated disjunct locality in the North. The estimated Extent of Occurrence (EOO) is c. 7800 km 2. The authors were able to study three localities where they found a total of 26 mature plants. Of the three populations, two populations are located in unprotected areas and one in a wildlife sanctuary. The situation at Aryankavu and Mudaliaruthu are currently unknown. With view to the location and small size of the populations a further decline is likely. Thus, we assess the species as Endangered (EN), B 2 ab (iii, iv, v) according to IUCN (2019) criteria. Notes: The lyrate, pilose leaves, shorter scapes and small flowers identify this species in the field. Clarke (1883) described another variety, Didymocarpus lyratus var. protractus, differentiating from the typical variety by its elliptic, narrowly winged lyrate, less pilose, crenate leaves, 8 – 12 cm long petioles and longer peduncles (up to 24 cm long). But most of these characters are within the limit of H. lyrata (see description above) and hence var. protractus is treated here as conspecific.	en	A. P., Janeesha, Nampy, S. (2020): A taxonomic revision of Henckelia (Gesneriaceae) in South India with a new species, one new combination and seven lectotypifications. Rheedea 30 (1): 48-95, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.01.03, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.01.03
5251830BFFFE0930FFAFFD9CFE6F5FA8.taxon	description	Flowering & fruiting: Flowering from July to early September and fruiting from late August to October. Habitat: On moist slopes and in rock crevices, in association with Cyanotis obtusa Trim. (Commelinaceae), Christella sp. (Thelypteridaceae) and some grass species. Distribution: Endemic to the southern Western Ghats (Fig. 17). Specimens examined: INDIA, Kerala, Idukki district, Devikulam, Pallivasal, 01.07.1944, N. R. Yull 236 (CAL); Eravikulam National Park, 22.08.2014, A. P. Janeesha & Santhosh Nampy 137612; Ibid., 22.08.2014, S. Syam Radh, Prashob & A. P. Janeesha 134192; Ibid., 19.05.2015, A. P. Janeesha, S. Resmi & V. Veena 137615; Eravikulam National Park, after view point, 19.05.2015, A. P. Janeesha & Santhosh Nampy 137616 (CALI); near Idukki dam, 24.08.1981, V. S. Raju 71173 (MH); Pettimudi, 30.10.2012, Shaju & Shareef, 74028; Rajamalai, 16.09. 1998, S. D. Biju 35857; Ibid., 27.10.1998, S. D. Biju 38393 (TBGT). Conservation status: The species is currently known only from four localities in one district outside protected areas with an Extent of Occurrence (EOO) of c. 74 km ². The authors observed 58 plants of different growth stages, of which 41 were mature at two localities. The species is possibly surviving as fragmented populations in a narrow range of distribution, being subjected to habitat alteration / destruction due to plantation activities and the growing tourism in those areas. It is therefore assessed here as Endangered (EN), B 1 ab (iii, iv, v), D (IUCN, 2019). Notes: This is a robust plant with spatulate leaves and long scapes (about 50 cm long). The scapes, calyx and capsules are completely covered with golden brown woolly hairs.	en	A. P., Janeesha, Nampy, S. (2020): A taxonomic revision of Henckelia (Gesneriaceae) in South India with a new species, one new combination and seven lectotypifications. Rheedea 30 (1): 48-95, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.01.03, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.01.03
5251830BFFFE0930FFAFFD9CFE6F5FA8.taxon	description	Flowering & fruiting: Flowering from July to October and fruiting from September to November. Habitat: On moist slopes, in association with Adiantum philippenes L. (Pteridaceae), Christella sp. (Thelypteridaceae), Selaginella sp. (Selaginellaceae) and Cyanotis villosa Schult. f. (Commelinaceae). Distribution: Endemic to the southern Western Ghats (Fig. 17). Specimens examined: INDIA, Kerala, Ernakulam district, Shoolamudi, 11.07.2016, A. P. Janeesha, Manu Philip & K. Shinoj 137692 (CALI); Idukki district, Mannavan shola, 24.05.2015, K. M. Manudev, S. Syam Radh & A. P. Janeesha 137619; Munnar, 10.09.2013, A. P. Janeesha & Santhosh Nampy 134214; near Kuttikanam-Kumali road, 30.06.2016, A. P. Janeesha & P. S. Sreeja 137662; Neryamangalam to Adimali route, 25.07.2013, A. P. Janeesha & K. M. Manudev 134202; Onnamthode- Mathikettanshola National Park, 08.05.2015, S. Syam Radh & A. P. Janeesha 137613 (CALI); Peerumedu, 31.08.1992, A. Nazarudeen 14386; Ibid., 12.09.2009, Geethakumary 58596 (TBGT); Pothumade-Munnar, 25.07.2013, A. P. Janeesha & K. M. Manudev 134203; Pynavu, 29.06.2016, P. S. Sreeja & A. P. Janeesha 137667 (CALI); Upputhara, 30.09.1981, C. N. Mohanan 72086 (MH); Kottayam district, near Ottayitti, 26.06.2016, P. S. Sreeja & A. P. Janeesha 137661; Vagamon churam, 07.08.2014, A. P. Janeesha & A. P. Roshan 134273, 134274, 134275; Ibid., 03.10.2015, C. Pramod & A. P. Janeesha 137645; Vagamon churam- 200 mtr after view point, 07.08.2014, A. P. Janeesha, A. P. Roshan & Santhosh Nampy 134276 (CALI). Tamil Nadu, Madura district, Palani-Kodaikanal ghat road, 27.11.1985, K. M. Matthew & N. Rajendran 43308; Tiger shola-acroos to Korappar, 01.08.1986, K. M. Matthew & M. Charles 46094 (RHT). Conservation status: This species is widely distributed in central areas of Kerala and some parts in western Tamil Nadu, with an Extent of Occurrence (EOO) of c. 3800 km ². More than 240 mature plants were observed from nine populations across Kerala. The estimated Area of Occupancy (AOO) for all localities is an estimated 48 km ². The majority of the localities are not in protected areas and are subjected to human disturbance due to plantation activities and tourism. Because if the small number of mature plants we consider the species to be of Endangered (EN) D, according to IUCN (2019) criteria. Notes: Ramaswamy (1914) described the corolla tube and filaments as glabrous. But in the present investigation, the outside of the corolla tube was found to be glandular hairy and the filaments bearded. The species is morphologically close to H. humboldtiana, but can be distinguished by its broadly elliptic to ovate leaves, glandular indumentum on the pedicel, calyx lobes, corolla tube and ovary.	en	A. P., Janeesha, Nampy, S. (2020): A taxonomic revision of Henckelia (Gesneriaceae) in South India with a new species, one new combination and seven lectotypifications. Rheedea 30 (1): 48-95, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.01.03, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.01.03
5251830BFFFE0930FFAFFD9CFE6F5FA8.taxon	description	Perennials, hairy herbs with rootstocks. Roots adventitious, thin. Stems reduced. Leaves 6 – 10, basal, decussate; petioles 11 – 16 cm long, pubescent, not winged; laminae ovate to elliptic, 7.9 – 12.1 × 5.2 – 7.3 cm, membranaceous, acute to acuminate at apex, obliquely cordate at base, margins entire, with white pellucid hairs, strigose on the upper surface, surfaces rough; veins usually 6 on each side, much branched and conspicuous beneath. Cymes axillary, 1 – 5 per plant, 3 – 5 times divided, 6 – 10 - flowered; bracts two, linear, 4 mm long; peduncles terete, 20 – 29 cm long, with scaly hairs towards apex; pedicels terete, 6 – 9 mm long, slender, pubescent. Flowers 20 – 25 mm long. Calyx 5 - partite, very deeply divided or basally connate; lobes linear to lanceolate, 5 – 8 mm long, acute at apex, margins entire, pilose. Corolla zygomorphic, subinfundibuliform, upper lip of two lobes, lower lip of three lobes, glabrous; tube pale lilac with a yellow patch in the throat; lobes pale lilac, ovate, rounded at apex. Stamens 2, adnate to the base of corolla, included, glabrous; anthers reniform, bearded. Staminodes 2; antherodes present. Ovary ovoid; style terete, glabrous; stigma obliquely subcapitate. Capsules cylindrical, 27 – 33 mm long, plagiocarpic, dehiscing loculicidally along the dorsal side, with persistent stigma. Seeds not seen. Flowering & fruiting: Flowering from May to July and fruiting from July to September. Habitat: On moist slopes and in rock crevices. Distribution: Endemic to the southern Western Ghats (Fig. 17). Specimen examined: INDIA, Tamil Nadu, Kanyakumari district, Kalikesam river side, Balamore, 700 m, 31.08.1976, A. N. Henry 48151 (MH). Conservation status: The population status at the type locality (A. N. Henry 49421) is presently uncertain, since no plants were found during recent fieldwork in 2014. The situation of the nearby population at Kalikesam river side at Balamore (A. N. Henry 48151) is presently unknown. Because of these uncertainties, the species should be regarded as Data Deficient (DD) according to IUCN guidelines (IUCN, 2019). Typification: Henckelia missionis (Wall. ex R. Br.) A. Weber & B. L. Burtt (Gesneriaceae) was first named (nom. nud.) as “ Didymocarpus? missionis ” by Wallich (1829). Subsequently Brown (1839) validated the preceding name with a description (“ Caule brevissimo, pedunculis axillaribus scapiformibus, folis cordato ovatis ”) and as type, he referred to “ Wall. List. no. 639 ”. Kuntze (1891) transferred this species to Roettlera as R. missionis (Wall. ex R. Br.) Kuntze while Weber and Burtt (1998 [“ 1997 ”]) placed this species in Henckelia as H. missionis (Wall. ex R. Br.) A. Weber & B. L. Burtt. Meanwhile, Beddome (1874: 39, t. 176) described another species, viz., Didymocarpus membranaceus Bedd. from Pachemallai hills (Tamil Nadu) in South India as “ leaves all radical, ... membranaceous, from obliquely cordate-ovate to cordate-lanceolate, corol-tube subinfundibuliform, ...... ”. Clarke (1883) synonymised Beddome’s species under D. missionis and this treatment was followed by subsequent authors (Clarke, 1885 [“ 1884 ”]; Gamble, 1924; Henry et al., 1987). This species is endemic and very rare in South India (Nayar & Sastry, 1990; Walter & Gillet, 1997), and has been re-collected only twice from Kanyakumari district in Tamil Nadu (Madras Herbarium: Henry 48151, 49421). While examining “ Wallich List. No. 639 ” (as cited by Brown l. c.), it was found that Brown’s (l. c.) citation refers to Arenaria globiflora Wallich (1829: 19), belonging to Caryophyllaceae. It was found that Wallich’s Didymocarpus missionis is more likely referable to “ Wall. List. No. 6396 ” (probably a typographical error by Brown). According to Stafleu and Cowan (1988), Wallich’s main collections are kept at K (K-W). After a thorough search in various herbaria, two sheets of “ Wall. No. 6396 ” were found, one each at BM and K. The lone sheet in BM (BM 000617800 digital image!) has two flower buds separately mounted and carries two labels with annotations. The top one, probably the original label reads “ Didymocarpus missionis Wall. Cat 6396 Herb Madras ” and the second one, made by curators at BM “ Wallich 6396: TYPE SPECIMEN Didymocarpus Wall. ex R. Br., Cyrtandreae: 119 (1839) ” respectively. The flower buds are not, however, unquestionably referable to H. missionis. The sheet at K (K 001123777 digital image!) has a single specimen with three scapes and a few leaves. There is an inscription on the sheet, possibly by C. B. Clarke written in pencil: ‘ Didymocarpus missionis Wall. C. B. Clarke (= D. membranaceus Beddome Ic. t. 176) ’. This sheet also carries a Wallich label on which is written: “ 6396 Didymocarpus? missionis Wall (caet. spec. 777 - 793). Hb. Madras ”. However, the ovate leaves with cordate base, long pedicels, infundibuliform corolla, and persistent calyx undoubtedly indicate that the specimen belongs to Jerdonia indica Wight (Wight, 1848: 10, t. 1352) (Gesneriaceae). The original description by Brown (1839) is applicable equally to J. indica also. Since the type specimens of H. missionis is demonstrably ambiguous and doesn’t permit a precise identification and application of the name, the name is illegitimate (Art. 52.1) and a proposal is under preparation to conserve the name with a conserved type according to Articles 14.1 and 14.9 of ICN (Turland et al., 2018). Beddome (1874) described Didymocarpus membranacea Bedd. based on his specimens from “ Pachemallay (2000 feet elevation), in South Travancore ghats ”, India. According to TL- 2 (Stafleu & Cowan, 1976), the herbarium and type materials of R. H. Beddome are mainly at BM, some perhaps at K and CAL. Even after extensive search no relevant materials have been found in these herbaria. Hence the illustration in the protologue (Bedd., Icon Pl. Ind. Or. 1: t. 176. 1874) is selected here as the lectotype, according to articles 9.3 and 9.4 of ICN (Turland et al., 2018).	en	A. P., Janeesha, Nampy, S. (2020): A taxonomic revision of Henckelia (Gesneriaceae) in South India with a new species, one new combination and seven lectotypifications. Rheedea 30 (1): 48-95, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.01.03, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.01.03
5251830BFFEF090DFFAFF8E8FD015A81.taxon	description	Perennials, rosette-forming herbs with rootstock. Roots adventitious. Stem reduced. Leaves 8 – 18, decussate; petioles 4 – 14 cm long, hairy throughout, not winged; laminae usually ovate-broadly ovate, rarely orbicular, 3.3 – 12.8 × 2.5 – 7.7 cm, slightly acute to obtuse at apex, unequal at base, margins crenate to serrate, white strigose or tomentose above and on the lower veins; veins 7 – 10 on each side, much branched and conspicuous beneath. Cymes axillary, 2 – 5 per plant, 2 – 3 times divided, 6 – 8 - flowered; bracts two, oblanceolate, 6.38 × 1.34 mm, white tomentose hairy out; peduncles terete, 9 – 22.5 cm long, green-pale reddish brown, hairy throughout; pedicels terete, 5 – 10 mm long, narrow, hairy. Flowers 12 – 20 × 8 – 15 mm. Calyx 5 - partite, very deeply divided or basally connate; lobes linear to lanceolate, unequal, posterior lobe small, 4.2 – 5.1 × 0.8 – 1 mm, others 5.8 – 6.8 × 1.1 – 1.2 mm, slightly acute at apex, margins entire, reddish brown, white tomentose outside. Corolla zygomorphic, ventricose, two lipped, white hirsute outside, glabrous inside; tube 7.2 – 11.3 × 5 – 5.8 mm, very pale violet to brilliant purple, deep purple at the throat and a yellow blotch at the base of the tube; lobes very widely ovate, slightly acute to obtuse at apex, violet to brilliant purple, upper lip of two lobes, 6.5 – 7.2 × 5.8 – 6.6 mm, lower lip of three lobes, 8 – 8.4 × 7.1 – 7.25 mm. Stamens 2, adnate to the base of the corolla, included; filaments 5.3 – 5.7 mm long, puberulent towards the apex, light yellowish green towards the top and milky white towards the base; anthers reniform, 1.7 – 1.9 × 0.65 – 0.8 mm, yellowish brown, glabrous. Staminodes 2; filaments 3.5 – 3.7 mm long, hyaline, glabrous; antherodes not prominent. Ovary narrowly ovoid to cylindrical, tapering to a style, 4.9 – 5 × 1.1 – 1.21 mm, green towards the base and reddish brown towards the apex, hairy; style terete, 4 – 4.1 × 0.35 – 0.40 mm long, hyaline, hairy throughout up to the middle; stigma obliquely subcapitate, 0.68 × 0.38 mm, papillate, milky white. Capsules linear, straight, 36 – 44 × 2 – 2.2 mm, plagiocarpic, dehiscing loculicidally along the dorsal side, reddish brown, hairy with persistent stigma and calyx. Seeds numerous, elliptic, 0.49 – 0.59 × 0.21 – 0.24 mm, acute at apex, truncate at base; testa dark brown, reticulate. Flowering & fruiting: Flowering from June to September and fruiting from August to October (up to February). Habitat: In moist shady areas of dense evergreen forest, in humus rich soil or on fallen, moss covered tree trunks. Grows in association with Impatiens travancorica Bedd. (Balsaminaceae), Christella sp. (Thelypteridaceae), Osbeckia sp. (Melastomataceae) and some grass species. Distribution: Endemic to the southern Western Ghats (Fig. 17). Specimens examined: INDIA, Kerala, Idukki district, Kallar Reserve Forest, 16.07.1989, s. coll. 90687 (MH); Periyar – Koruthode, 25.09.1996, Jomy Augustine 16811 (CALI); Kollam district, Thenmala, 15.06.1984, N. Mohanan 165 (TBGT); Palakkad district, Nillikkal South, 08.06.1982, Prasannan 10392 (CALI); Thiruvananthapuram district, Agasthyamala, 24.06.1993, N. Mohanan 11454 (CALI, TBGT); Ibid., 19.10.1993, G. Gangaprasad & S. William Decruse 18419 (TBGT); Ibid., 06.06.2014, K. M. Manudev & A. P. Janeesha 138919, 138925; Ibid., 21.10.2016, K. Shinoj & A. P. Janeesha 137658 (CALI); Pongalapara, 25.08.1990, N. Mohanan 10044 (TBGT); Ponmudi, 10.10.2014, K. P. Vimal, M. G. Prasad & A. P. Janeesha 137602 (CALI); Western slopes of Agasthyamala, 06.10.1973, J. Joseph 44608 (MH); Wayanad district, Gurukula botanical sanctuary (cultivated), 25.11.2014, A. P. Janeesha & S. Resmi 137609; Periya, 25.08.1984, R. T. Balakrishnan 40450; Thalapaya, 10.02.1986, R. T. Balakrishnan 41944 (CALI). Tamil Nadu, Kanyakumari district, Muthukuzhivayal, 06.08.1977, A. N. Henry 49610 (MH); Ibid., 01.09.1981, K. M. Matthew 17788 (RHT); Tirunelveli district, Agasthyamala, 22.06.1901, C. A. Barber 2918; s. loc., 1807, R. H. Beddome 164 (MH). Conservation status: This species is known from eight locations in seven districts in Kerala and Tamil Nadu with a narrow South-North distribution. The estimated Extent of Occurrence (EOO) is c. 1100 km ² and Area of Occupancy (AOO) is 32 km ². The authors surveyed three locations and found a total of only 81 mature plants. Since these locations are inside protected areas, the chances for a decline due to anthropogenic activity is small. The situation of just under half of the localities is known. However, when extrapolating the findings on mature plants to the entire distribution range, it may justify categorisation of the species as Endangered (EN), D (IUCN, 2019). Notes: Henckelia ovalifolia and H. missionis are similar in having simple ovate, long petioled leaves, large flowers and long fruits. However, H. ovalifolia can be identified by its leaves with serrate margins and strigose hairs, scapes hairy throughout, hirsute corolla, puberulent filaments and a hairy style.	en	A. P., Janeesha, Nampy, S. (2020): A taxonomic revision of Henckelia (Gesneriaceae) in South India with a new species, one new combination and seven lectotypifications. Rheedea 30 (1): 48-95, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.01.03, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.01.03
5251830BFFD20908FFAFFC34FE4B5E26.taxon	description	Flowering & fruiting: Flowering from July to August and fruiting from August to September. Habitat: On moist rocks and mountain slopes, found in association with mosses and ferns. Distribution: Endemic to the southern Western Ghats (Fig. 20). Specimens examined: INDIA, Kerala, Kozhikode district, Muthappanpuzha, N 11 ̊ 26.6992 ', E 76 ̊ 05.2882 ', 470 m, 18.07.2010, K. M. Manudev 3022 (DEV); Ibid., 19.08.2010, A. K. Pradeep 90089 (CALI); Ibid., 19.08.2010, K. M. Manudev & Santhosh Nampy 3105; Ibid., 17.09.2011, Santhosh Nampy & K. M. Manudev 4547 (DEV); Ibid., 12.08.2014, A. P. Janeesha & Santhosh Nampy 134287, 134288; Ibid., 15.06.2015, A. P. Janeesha & S. Resmi 137624; Muthappanpuzha-Kundanthode, 15.06.2015, A. P. 84 A taxonomic revision of Henckelia (Gesneriaceae) in South India Janeesha & S. Resmi 137623; way to Vellarimala- Olichuchattam, N 11 ̊ 25.7842 ', E 76 ̊ 05.1732 ', 1160 m, 19.09.1997, A. K. Pradeep 56009 (CALI). Conservation status: The species is currently known only from the type locality which is an unprotected area, with two subpopulations separated by a distance of 2 kilometres. The locality has a total of 79 mature plants, with the possibility of future disturbances due to human activities since the area is near a stream which is used by local people for their daily needs. The Area of Occupancy (AOO) is less than 10 km ². The species may be categorized as Critically endangered (CR), B 2 ab (ii, iii, iv, v), D (IUCN, 2019). Notes: This species has several unusual features not found in any other Henckelia species in South India or the genus as a whole. This is the only species of Henckelia having tubers to enable the plants to overcome unfavourable conditions or periods. The plants usually have only one leaf, but sometimes up to 3 arranged alternately. The stigma is unusual for South Indian Henckelia in that they are chiritoid, with the upper lobe reduced and the lower one undivided and linguate (Weber et al., 2011; Manudev et al., 2012). The capsules are globose in contrast to the linear to cylindrical ones in other South Indian Henckelia species or any other species in the genus, but are plagiocarpic and dehisce similar to other South Indian Henckelia. They are reminiscent of those found in species of Loxocarpus, another genus previously included in Henckelia (Weber & Burtt, 1998 [“ 1997 ”]) but recently resurrected (Weber et al., 2011; Middleton et al., 2013).	en	A. P., Janeesha, Nampy, S. (2020): A taxonomic revision of Henckelia (Gesneriaceae) in South India with a new species, one new combination and seven lectotypifications. Rheedea 30 (1): 48-95, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.01.03, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.01.03
5251830BFFD20908FFAFFC34FE4B5E26.taxon	description	Flowering & fruiting: Flowering from (May) June to October and fruiting from August to December. Habitat: Henckelia repens is found as an undercover in moist mixed evergreen and deciduous forests, in association with Elatostema sp., Pouzolzia sp. (both Urticaceae), Adiantum philippenes L. (Pteridaceae), Christella sp. (Thelypteridaceae), Selaginella sp. (Selaginellaceae) and some grass species. Distribution: Endemic to the southern Western Ghats (Fig. 26). Specimens examined: INDIA, Kerala, Kollam district, Kolatoor, s. d., s. coll. 1293 (MH); Thiruvananthapuram district, Agasthyamala- Mutththatti, 06.06.2014, K. M. Manudev, A. P. Janeesha & Santhosh Nampy 138940 (CALI); Athirumala, 12.08.1988, N. Mohanan 4227 (TBGT, CALI); Ibid., 07.06.2014, K. M. Manudev, P. G. Arun Kumar & A. P. Janeesha 138936; Attayar, 13.05.1988, N. Mohanan 9614; Bonaccord, 27.04.1993, A. Nazarudeen 17128 (CALI); Ibid., 21.12.1987, N. Mohanan 9066 (TBGT, CALI); forest near Bonaccord, 21.08.1975, J. Joseph 46470; Ibid., 02.10.1973, J. Joseph 44493 (MH); Chemungi, s. d., Rajkumar 11775; Ibid., 18.08.1992, E. S. Santhosh Kumar & M. Abdul Jabbar 14447; Ibid., 11.08.2011, P. M. Sheeba 66275 (TBGT); Pandimottai, 19.05.1979, M. Mohanan 61853 (MH); Pidichathamparamal, 31.05.2001, Non Wood F orest Product’s (NWFPs) Team 46274; Pinarummodu, 25.09.2008, C. G. Vishnu 64727 (TBGT); Ponmudi, 28.11.2012, A. P. Janeesha, P. M. Shahina & K. M. Manudev 134240; Ibid., 10.10.2014, M. G. Vimal, Prasad & A. P. Janeesha 137603; s. loc., 21.12.1987, N. Mohanan 9066 (CALI). Tamil Nadu, Tirunelveli district, Ambasamudram to Kannikkatti, 31.12.1977, K. M. Matthew 15627; Ibid., 01.01.1978, K. M. Matthew 15796 (RHT); Chittar river-way to Agasthyamalai, 22.08.1963, A. N. Henry 16971; Kannikkatti, 12.06.1899, C. A. Barber 396; Kannikkatti to Kalivayalpil, 31.05.1901, C. A. Barber 3002; Papanasam hills, 1867, R. H. Beddome s. n.; Valayar forest, 11.07.1976, P. Bhargavan 47445; way to Ainthuthalai, 14.10.1989, R. Gopalan 90662; way to Pothgai malai, 16.10.1989, R. Gopalan 91605; way to Kalivarapil, 23.01.1991, R. Gopalan 94658; s. loc., 1877, R. H. Beddome s. n. (MH )); s. loc., s. d., R. H. Beddome 5008, 5805 (BM digital image). Conservation status: The species is distributed in 4 districts in southern Kerala and southern Tami Nadu and where seven locations are known. Only five of these fall in protected areas. The Extent of Occurrence (EOO) is calculated to be c. 600 km 2 and the Area of Occupancy (AOO) is 28 km 2. During field studies, the authors observed a total of only 52 mature plants at four locations. This might indicate that the species occurs with very few individuals in total and should belong in the Endangered category (EN), D (IUCN, 2019). Notes: Henckelia repens is the only creeping species in South India while the other species, H. burttii D. J. Middleton & Mich. Möller, with a very similar habit is found in Northeast India (Burtt & Panigrahi, 1965; Wood, 1974). Henckelia repens has a longer corolla tube (up to 1.5) compared to other South Indian species. Beddome’s illustration (Icon. Pl. Ind. Or. 1: 24. t. 120. 1874) and drawings on the type sheet at K differ with the protologue in two points. The anthers are cohering in the specimens but they are drawn in the icon and on the illustration on the type sheet as non-coherent. Similarly, the filament is broad except at the apex, but it is drawn as narrow along its entire length in the type sheet and broad at the basal region in the icon.	en	A. P., Janeesha, Nampy, S. (2020): A taxonomic revision of Henckelia (Gesneriaceae) in South India with a new species, one new combination and seven lectotypifications. Rheedea 30 (1): 48-95, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.01.03, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.01.03
5251830BFFD70902FD3FFF49FE9B5CC2.taxon	materials_examined	Type: INDIA, Kerala, Wayanad district, Kaduvakuzhi hill top, 1200 m, 08.07.2016, A. P. Janeesha & Santhosh Nampy 137672 (holo CALI!; iso MH!) Perennials, rosette-forming, herbs with rootstocks. Roots adventitious, thin. Leaves 8 – 20, basal, usually in whorls of four; petioles 4 – 11.5 cm long, pubescent, winged; wings 3 – 8 mm broad; laminae elliptic to widely elliptic, 8 – 19.2 × 6 – 12 cm, obtuse to slightly acute at apex, attenuate at base, margins doubly crenate, ultimate segments irregular, first crenation very deep, surfaces usually rugose, white tomentose on both surfaces, becoming less so with age; veins 6 – 8 on each side, much branched and conspicuous beneath. Cymes axillary, 4 – 10 per plant, 3 – 5 times divided, 35 – 63 - flowered; peduncles terete, 23 – 30 cm long, green-pale reddish brown, tomentose; bracts two at each branching point, ovate, 5.5 – 6.6 × 1 – 2 mm, slightly acute at apex, margin entire, hispid, green; pedicels terete, 4 – 26 mm long, narrow, tomentose. Flowers 12 – 14 × 6.7 – 11 mm, held horizontal. Calyx 5 - partite, very deeply divided or basally connate; lobes linear to ovate-elliptic, unequal, posterior lobe small, 2.7 – 3.4 × 0.5 – 0.9 mm, others 3.55 – 4.35 × 0.8 – 1.4 mm, green, obtuse at apex, margins entire, glandular hairy. Corolla zygomorphic, ventricose, two lipped, glandular hairy outside, glabrous inside; tube 5 – 9 × 3.4 – 4.5 mm, dark to pale lilac with a yellow blotch at the throat, swollen towards the mouth; lobes widely ovate, rounded at apex dark to pale lilac, upper lip of two lobes, 3.7 – 4 × 4 – 5.1 mm, lower lip of three lobes, 3.9 – 4.4 × 4.2 – 5.8 mm. Stamens 2, adnate to the base of corolla, included; filaments 3.3 – 4.3 mm long, glabrous, yellow; anthers reniform, 1.2 – 1.7 × 0.4 – 0.76 mm, milky white to cream. Staminodes 2; filaments 1.3 – 3 mm long, hyaline, glabrous; antherodes a small knoblike structure. Ovary ovoid to oblong, 2.7 – 3.5 × 0.9 – 1.3 mm, green, glandular hairy, gland tip purplish; style terete, 2.2 – 3.6 mm long, green, glabrous towards apex, glandular hairy towards base; stigma obliquely subcapitate, 0.4 – 0.5 × 0.22 – 0.24 mm, papillate, pale green. Capsules cylindrical, straight or slightly curved, 20 – 22 × 1.6 – 2 mm, plagiocarpic, dehiscing loculicidally long the dorsal side, reddish brown, glandular, hispid, with persistent stigma and calyx. Seeds numerous, elliptic, 0.65 – 0.72 × 0.20 – 0.24 mm, truncate at both; testa dark brown, reticulate. Flowering & fruiting: Flowering from July to August and fruiting from August to September. Etymology: The species epithet ‘ wayanadensis’ refers to the locality ‘ Wayanad’, the floristically rich district of Kerala in which the new taxon was discovered. Habitat: In rock crevices, usually at an elevation above 900 m, in association with Parahemionitis sp. (Pteridaceae), Cyanotis sp. (Commelinaceae) and some moss and grass species. Distribution: Hitherto known only from the type locality (Fig. 26). Specimens examined: INDIA, Kerala, Wayanad district, Kaduvakuzhi hill top, 08.07.2016, A. P. Janeesha & P. G. Arunkumar 137671; Ibid., 15.09.2016, A. P. Janeesha & K. Haseem 137690; on the way to Kaduvakuzhi, 500 m away from Adivaram, 08.07.2016, A. P. Janeesha & P. G. Arunkumar 137670 (CALI). Conservation status: The new species is currently known only from one locality with three subpopulations in an unprotected area, separated by a distance of 50 – 60 meters, with a total of 61 mature plants. There is the possibility of disturbances in the future due to human activities, where local peoples are exploring the area for wood, forage grasses etc. The Area of Occupancy (AOO) is likely to be less than 10 km 2. Therefore the species is categorized as Critically endangered (CR), B 2 ab (iii, iv, v) according to IUCN criteria (IUCN, 2019).	en	A. P., Janeesha, Nampy, S. (2020): A taxonomic revision of Henckelia (Gesneriaceae) in South India with a new species, one new combination and seven lectotypifications. Rheedea 30 (1): 48-95, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.01.03, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.01.03
5251830BFFD70902FD3FFF49FE9B5CC2.taxon	description	Flowering & fruiting: Flowering from July to October and fruiting from August to November. Habitat: On moist rocks. Distribution: Endemic to the southern Western Ghats (Fig. 26). Specimens examined: INDIA, Kerala, Idukki district, Karadippara-Munnar, 25.07.2013, A. P. Janeesha & K. M. Manudev 134203 (CALI). Tamil Nadu, Erode district, Attamalai hills, 24.07.1988, N. Venkatasubramanian 1424 (FRC); Tenkasi district, New Courtallam, 16.07.2015, A. P. Janeesha, S. Resmi & P. G. Arunkumar 137628 (CALI); Virudhunagar district, Kendiparai to Cumbumedu-Ayyanarkovil, 23.09.1971, E. Vajravelu 38720; Mudaliarattu, 11.12.1971, E. Vajravelu 39339 (MH). Conservation status: The species is known from four districts in Kerala and Tamil Nadu where a total of five localities were known. The Extent of Occurrence (EOO) is estimated to be c. 2100 km ² and Area of Occupancy (AOO) is 20 km ². During a period between 2013 and 2017, one of the authors (JAP) visited four localities except Ayyanarkovil and was unable to observe more than 5 mature plants in two localities, i. e., Munnar and Courtallam. Thus, a decline in number of localities from five to two over five years has been observed, in (1) EOO (ii) AOO; (iv) number of locations or subpopulations and (v) number of mature individuals. Because of the very low number of plants found, we consider this species to be Critically endangered (CR), D according to IUCN guidelines, with a high risk of extinction in the near future (IUCN, 2019). Notes: Rajakumar et al. (2009) described Henckelia sivagiriensis (as Didymocarpus sivagiriensis Rajkumar, Semvak., S. Murug. & Chellap.) and differentiated it from H. wightii by its longer leaves, presence of glandular hairs, longer dichotomously branched scapes, bluish corolla, puberulous style and longer capsules. Critical examination of specimens and protologues of both these taxa revealed that the characters outlined for separating the former from the latter are intergrading (see description above) and hence H. sivagiriensis is reduced to synonymy of H. wightii. Typification: Wight described this species based on material collected from the Shevghery hills, Courtallam in Tamil Nadu. Since Vitek et al. (2000) cited only syntypes, it cannot be considered a lectotypification. Two sheets of Wight’s materials were located, while searching for the type specimens, one each in E (E 00155179) and K (K 000858201). The sheet K 000858201 has an HRWP label and bears a field label, “ Shevghery hills August 1836 ” and an annotation by Clarke “ the specimen from which Wight Ic. 1348 was taken ”. The sheet itself has the no. 2323 / 1837 in the bottom left hand corner. The sheet in E (E 00155179) has an HWP label annotated “ Didymocarpus rottlerianus var. wightii ” and “ Herb. Wight. propr. n. 2679 ” in the top right hand corner and another in the lower left hand corner “ 1837, No 2323 ”, presumably referring to the year 1837. The specimen at K (K 000858201) used for illustrating this species by Wight is selected here as the lectotype and the other at E (E 00155179) as the isolectotype.	en	A. P., Janeesha, Nampy, S. (2020): A taxonomic revision of Henckelia (Gesneriaceae) in South India with a new species, one new combination and seven lectotypifications. Rheedea 30 (1): 48-95, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.01.03, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.01.03
