identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
565B3E92894C59288182CDC6B3F93FDB.text	565B3E92894C59288182CDC6B3F93FDB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ascalohybris subjacens (Walker 1853)	<div><p>Ascalohybris subjacens (Walker, 1853)</p><p>Figs 25, 26, 33 B, 34 B, 35 I, 36 H, 37 G</p><p>Ascalaphus subjacens Walker, 1853: 431. Type locality: China.</p><p>Ascalaphus remotus Walker, 1853: 447. Type locality: China.</p><p>Hybris subjacens (Walker, 1853): McLachlan 1871: 267.</p><p>Glyptobasis brunnea Esben-Petersen, 1913: 224. Type locality: Taiwan: Banshoryo-district: Sokutsu.</p><p>Ascalohybris subjacens (Walker, 1853): Sziráki 1998: 59.</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>[JBNU] • 1 ♂, Samdu-ri, Gunoe-myeon, Wando-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea, 10. VII. 2023, D. K. Ra ; • 1 ♂, Gilgok-ri, Maehwa-myeon, Uljin-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea, 27. VII. 2023, H. Han ; • 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Jungdo-ri, Wando-eup, Wando-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea, 26. VII. 2024, J. S. Kim ; 12 ♂ 5 ♀, Naewol-ri, Bigeum-myeon, Sinan-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea, 26. VII. 2024, M. K. Jeong ; • 2 ♂ 1 ♀, Yulji-ri, Susan-myeon, Jecheon-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea, 30. VII. 2024, J. S. Kim ; • 1 ♂, Naewol-ri, Bigeum-myeon, Sinan-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea, 1. VIII. 2024, J. S. Kim ; 1 ♀, Gwangdae-ri, Bigeum-myeon, Sinan-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea, 1. VIII. 2024, J. S. Kim ; • 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Gureom-ri, Deokjeok-myeon, Ongjin-gun, Incheon, Korea, 14. VIII. 2024, J. S. Kim ; • 1 ♂, Ye-ri, Heuksan-myeon, Sinan-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea, 2. IX. 2024, J. S. Kim ; 1 ♀, Sa-ri, Heuksan-myeon, Sinan-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea, 3. IX. 2024, J. S. Kim ; 1 larva (3 rd instar), Seolgye-ri, Yeongdong-eup, Yeongdong-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea, 14. IV. 2024, J. S. Kim .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Frons and gena are dark brown. Antenna is long and reaches pterostigma. In lateral view, mesonotum has a broad yellow stripe medially. Male ectoprocts are elongated, forcipate, and covered with long black setae; their length is longer than 4 × of width. In larvae, head is quadrate and approximately as long as it is wide. Dorsal side of the head capsule is brown with some yellow markings, and the mandibles are brown. Dorsal side of the abdominal tergites has a dark brown median longitudinal stripe.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male, adult. Head (Fig. 25 B, C) Vertex slightly narrow, moderately depressed, dark brown, with sparse long dark brown hairs. Frons dark brown, with sparse long black hairs; clypeus dark brown, with sparse black hairs. Eye with a transverse furrow. Antenna dark brown, considerably long, with strongly defined club; flagellum comprising ~ 60 flagellomeres. Mouthparts dark brown; labrum dark brown, with black hairs; maxillary palpus yellowish brown; labial palpus yellowish brown.</p><p>Thorax (Fig. 25 C). Pronotum narrow, considerably shorter than width, dark brown, with longitudinal yellow stripe, moderately covered with long brown hairs. Mesonotum and metanotum generally dark brown, moderately covered with long brown hairs. Mesonotum medially with a broad yellow stripe in lateral view.</p><p>Legs. Coxae reddish brown, moderately covered with black setae. Femora reddish brown, moderately covered with black setae. Tibiae reddish brown, covered with sparse black setae. Tibial spurs black, slightly long, slightly curved, approximately as long as combined lengths of tarsomeres 1–3. Tarsi reddish brown, tarsomere 5 approximately as long as combined lengths of tarsomeres 1–3. Claws black.</p><p>Wings (Fig. 25 A). Without markings. Membrane completely transparent, sometimes shaded with light brown. Veins and crossveins mostly dark brown. Forewings presectoral area with 6–9 crossveins; Cu with six or seven rows of cells; pterostigma dark brown. Hindwings shorter and narrower than forewings; presectoral area with 6–8 crossveins; Cu with five or six rows of cells; pterostigma dark brown.</p><p>Abdomen (Fig. 25 A). Shorter than hindwing, reddish brown, covered with sparse black setae.</p><p>Genitalia (Fig. 25 D, E, H – K). Ectoproct elongated, forcipate, covered with long black setae. Sternite IX broad, covered with long black setae. Gonarcus brown, triangular, with short lateral arm. Parameres well sclerotized, dark brown, strongly raised in lateral view. Pulvinus symmetrical, elongated, digitiform, attached to gonarcus, covered with long black setae.</p><p>Size. BL: 31.1–34.6 mm; FWL: 32.6–37.3 mm; HWL: 29.4–33.9 mm</p><p>Female, adult. Except terminalia, generally similar to male. Terminalia (Fig. 25 F, G): tergite IX narrow, triangular in lateral view; ectoproct triangular in lateral view; distivalvae semicircular in lateral view, smaller than ectoproct; ventrovalvae triangular in ventral view; interdens distinct.</p><p>Size. BL: 30.1–34.4 mm; FWL: 34.9–39.1 mm; HWL: 30.2–34.8 mm.</p><p>Larva, 3 rd instar. General color yellowish brown, with dark brown markings (Fig. 26 A – C). Head quadrate, approximately as long as broad; dorsal side of the head capsule brown with some yellow markings; mandibles brown, covered with short black setae; interdental pseudo teeth (3–4) (3–4) (1) (Fig. 26 D, E). Dorsal side of the abdominal tergites with a dark brown median longitudinal stripe (Fig. 26 A). Abdominal sternite VIII with a pair of brown spots in correspondence of the odontoid processes; abdominal sternite IX triangular, with yellow marking on anterior margin (Fig. 26 F).</p><p>Size. BL: 17.0 mm; HL: 3.7 mm, HW: 3.6 mm, ML: 4.2 mm.</p><p>Biological notes.</p><p>Ascalohybris subjacens is commonly observed throughout the country in various habitats such as grasslands, mountainous regions, and coastal areas (Fig. 37 G). Adults emerge from July to September in South Korea. They are nocturnal and can be observed flying actively or resting on grass stems at night (Fig. 33 B). More than 40 eggs are laid on substrates like dry grass stems in grasslands. At the oviposition site, hatched larvae can be observed either clustered together or scattered nearby (Fig. 34 B). Larvae are ambush hunters and a single specimen was collected from under a rock on a rocky hill (Fig. 36 H).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Korea, China, Japan, Vietnam, Cambodia (Wang et al. 2018).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Okamoto (1924) identified and reported specimens of Ascalohybris subjacens from Jeju Island. Okamoto (1926) described this species as common in southern Korea. Indeed, it is a representative owlfly species commonly observed throughout South Korea.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/565B3E92894C59288182CDC6B3F93FDB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kim, Jiseung;Ahn, Neung-Ho;Kim, Sora	Kim, Jiseung, Ahn, Neung-Ho, Kim, Sora (2025): A taxonomic review of the family Myrmeleontidae Latreille (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontiformia) from the Korean peninsula, highlighting the conservation value of this family. ZooKeys 1262: 97-174, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1262.163194
B66596DFEA2459A7A9960D03BABE682A.text	B66596DFEA2459A7A9960D03BABE682A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ascalohybris Sziraki 1998	<div><p>Genus Ascalohybris Sziráki, 1998</p><p>Ascalohybris Sziráki, 1998: 59. Type species: Ascalaphus javanus Brumeister, 1839 . Type locality: Indonesia: Java.</p><p>Hybris Lefèbvre, 1842: 6.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Adult. Antennae without hairs, as long as forewing or at least reaching pterostigma, basal half of the male antenna curved; compound eyes with upper and lower parts subequal in size; abdomen long, cylindrical, without hairs; in both sexes, abdomen shorter than hindwing, about 2 / 3 its length; male ectoproct process long and forcipate (Wang et al. 2018).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Asia (Wang et al. 2018).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B66596DFEA2459A7A9960D03BABE682A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kim, Jiseung;Ahn, Neung-Ho;Kim, Sora	Kim, Jiseung, Ahn, Neung-Ho, Kim, Sora (2025): A taxonomic review of the family Myrmeleontidae Latreille (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontiformia) from the Korean peninsula, highlighting the conservation value of this family. ZooKeys 1262: 97-174, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1262.163194
BFA8529CDE2D5568A445D7DC53645F2E.text	BFA8529CDE2D5568A445D7DC53645F2E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Baliga micans (McLachlan 1875)	<div><p>Baliga micans (McLachlan, 1875)</p><p>Figs 5, 6, 35 B, 36 A, 37 A</p><p>Myrmeleon micans McLachlan, 1875: 176. Type locality: Japan: Yokohama.</p><p>Balaga micans (McLachlan, 1875): Navás 1912 a: 111.</p><p>Hagenomyia micans (McLachlan, 1875): Okamoto 1914: 250.</p><p>Baliga micans (McLachlan, 1875): Stange 2004: 297.</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>[JBNU] • 1 ♀, Oeseonmi-ri, Onjeong-myeon, Uljin-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea, 27. VII. 2022, J. S. Kim ; • 1 ♂, Oegok-ri, Toji-myeon, Gurye-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea, 2. VII. 2023, J. S. Kim ; • 2 ♂, Samjung-ri, Macheon-myeon, Hamyang-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea, 14. VII. 2023, H. Han ; • 1 ♀, Gilgok-ri, Maehwa-myeon, Uljin-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea, 20. VII. 2023, DB Choi ; • 1 ♂, Yulji-ri, Susan-myeon, Jecheon-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 30. VII. 2024, J. S. Kim ; • 1 ♂, Sindu-ri, Wonbuk-myeon, Taean-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, 31. VII. 2024, J. S. Kim ; • 4 ♂ 2 ♀, Gureom-ri, Deokjeok-myeon, Ongjin-gun, Incheon, Korea, 15. VIII. 2024, J. S. Kim ; • 1 ♀, Buchun-ri, Hwagae-myeon, Hadong-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea, 27. VIII. 2024, J. S. Kim ; • 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Gilgok-ri, Maehwa-myeon, Uljin-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea, 7. IX. 2024, J. S. Kim ; 1 larva (3 rd instar), Yongdu-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju, Korea, 2. VII. 2023, J. S. Kim ; 1 larva (3 rd instar), Nogok-ri, Bongsan-myeon, Hapcheon-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea; 28. VI. 2024, J. S. Kim ; 1 larva (2 nd instar), Namseo-ri, Seo-myeon, Ulleung-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea, 11. VII. 2024, J. S. Kim ; • 4 larvae (3 rd instar), Hakbong-ri, Banpo-myeon, Gongju-si, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea, 1. X. 2024, J. S. Kim ; • 3 larvae (2 nd instar), Deokjin-dong, Deokjin-gu, Jeonji-si, Jeonbuk-do, Korea, 4. X. 2024, J. S. Kim ; • 2 larvae (3 rd instar), Changwon-ri, Nam-myeon, Yeongwol-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea, 24. V. 2025, J. S. Kim .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Baliga micans is similar to B. ryukuensis Hayashi &amp; Matsumoto, 2020 from southern Japan (Amami Island, Tokunoshima Island, Okinawa Island) in general appearance (Hayashi et al. 2020). Compared to B. micans, the male of B. ryukyuensis has a larger sternite IX, an un-sclerotized dorsolateral edge, and more separated and sclerotized parameres. In females, B. ryukyuensis differs by having slightly shorter lateral gonapophyses (Hayashi et al. 2020). It is easily distinguished from B. asakurae (Okamoto, 1910) and B. kimurai Hayashi, 2020 by the size of the pterostigma and the color pattern on the pronotum (Hayashi et al. 2020). In larvae, mandibles have three equidistant teeth with the apical tooth slightly stronger. Abdominal sternite IX is elongated and has 0–2 short digging setae in front of rastra.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male, adult. Head (Fig. 5 B, C). Vertex wide, strongly raised, black, with short black hairs. Frons black; clypeus yellow. Antenna black, slightly long, with slightly defined club, densely covered with short black hairs; flagellum comprising ~ 38 flagellomeres. Mouthparts yellowish brown; labrum yellowish brown, with hyaline brown hairs; maxillary palpus yellowish brown, 5 th maxillary palpomere dark brown; labial palpus yellowish brown, 3 rd labial palpomere tapering to acute apex.</p><p>Thorax (Fig. 5 C). Pronotum broad, approximately as long as broad, dark brown, anterior margin yellow, with yellow longitudinal midline, moderately covered with black hairs. Mesonotum dark brown, with sparse yellow and black hairs. Metanotum dark brown, with pair of yellow spots at the middle, with sparse yellow hairs.</p><p>Legs. Yellow, short. Coxae yellow, moderately covered with long brown hairs. Femora yellowish brown, moderately covered with black setae. Tibiae yellowish brown, moderately covered with black setae. Tibial spurs reddish brown, short, almost straight, approximately as long as combined lengths of tarsomeres 1–3. Tarsi dark brown, tarsomere 5 approximately as long as combined lengths of tarsomeres 1–4; claws reddish brown.</p><p>Wings (Fig. 5 A). Without markings. Forewings veins and crossveins mostly brown; presectoral area with 6–8 crossveins; RP arising opposite or slightly beyond CuA fork; CuP supporting one or two cells before fusing with 1 A; 3 A fused with 2 A; pterostigma yellowish white; anterior Banksian line absent, posterior Banksian line distinct. Hindwings approximately as long as forewings, narrower than forewings; presectoral area with 4–6 crossveins; RP arising opposite or slightly beyond MP fork; pterostigma yellowish white; anterior Banksian line absent, posterior Banksian line distinct; male with pilula axillaris.</p><p>Abdomen (Fig. 5 A). Shorter than hindwing, dark brown, densely covered with brown hairs.</p><p>Genitalia (Fig. 5 D, E, H – K). Ectoproct rectangular covered with long black setae. Sternite IX narrow, covered with long black setae. Gonarcus yellowish white, arched, with long lateral arms. Mediuncus well sclerotized, dark brown, moderately hooked in lateral view. Parameres well sclerotized, dark brown, triangular in ventral view.</p><p>Size. BL: 34.5–36.5 mm; FWL: 39.9–44.4 mm; HWL: 40.3–44.9 mm.</p><p>Female, adult. Except terminalia, generally similar to male. Pilula axillaris absent. Terminalia (Fig. 5 F, G): tergite VIII wider than tergite IX; tergite IX narrow, oval in lateral view; ectoproct semicircular in lateral view; lateral gonapophyses rectangular in lateral view, slightly bigger than ectoproct, with long black setae; posterior gonapophyses long, slender, with long black setae; anterior gonapophyses long, with long black setae; pregenital plate distinct, semicircular, presented on posterior margin of sternite VII.</p><p>Size. BL: 34.5–36.5 mm; FWL: 39.9–44.4 mm; HWL: 40.3–44.9 mm.</p><p>Larva, 3 rd instar. General color yellowish brown, with dark brown markings (Fig. 6 A – C). Head longer than wide, with an anterior pair of spots and a V-shaped dark brown marking on dorsal side, with two pairs of dark brown spots on ventral side, with three dark brown spots in lateral side; mandibles yellowish brown; interdental mandibular setae (6–10) (2–3) (2–3) (1); external setae long. Abdominal sternite VIII with sparse black setae (Fig. 6 D, E). Abdominal sternite IX with 0–2 short digging setae in front of rastra; a paired rastra each with three or four digging setae (Fig. 6 F).</p><p>Size. BL: 11.8 mm; HL: 2.6 mm; HW: 2.1 mm; ML: 3.4 mm.</p><p>Biological notes.</p><p>Baliga micans is a species that is commonly observed and is distributed throughout South Korea, including Ulleungdo Island (Fig. 37 A). This species is primarily observed in areas characterized by mountainous topography but also collected in urban forests and in the vicinity of residential areas. Adults emerge from July to September in South Korea. Larvae are pit builders. They were collected in fine soil under tree bases, rocks, and artificial structures that are protected from rainfall (Fig. 36 A).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Korea, Japan, China, Vietnam, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines (Stange 2004; Sekimoto 2014; Hayashi et al. 2020).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>There are two views between the genera Baliga Navás and Hagenomyia Banks. According to the first opinion, Baliga is treated as the synonym of Hagenomiya (Esben-Petersen 1913; Markl 1954; Wang et al. 2018). Conversely, the opposing view treats both Baliga and Hagenomyia as valid genera (Stange 2004; Hayashi et al. 2020). In this study, we concur with the latter perspective but the relationship between the genera Baliga and Hagenomyia requires further study (Wang et al. 2018; Lin et al. 2024).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BFA8529CDE2D5568A445D7DC53645F2E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kim, Jiseung;Ahn, Neung-Ho;Kim, Sora	Kim, Jiseung, Ahn, Neung-Ho, Kim, Sora (2025): A taxonomic review of the family Myrmeleontidae Latreille (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontiformia) from the Korean peninsula, highlighting the conservation value of this family. ZooKeys 1262: 97-174, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1262.163194
7AA345C6962156C5BAA40BB055ABCE1A.text	7AA345C6962156C5BAA40BB055ABCE1A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Baliga Navas 1912	<div><p>Genus Baliga Navás, 1912</p><p>Baliga Navás, 1912 a: 110 . Type species: Myrmeleon asakurae Okamoto, 1910 . Type locality: Taiwan: Horisha.</p><p>Balaga Navás, 1912 a: 110 .</p><p>Baga Navás, 1930 a: 37 .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Adult. Medium to large sized antlions; wings without marking; forewing presectroal area usually with 5–10 crossveins; forewing vein 2 A fused with 3 A; forewing vein RP arising opposite or slightly beyond CuA fork; hindwing presectoral area usually with five crossveins; hindwing vein RP arising opposite or slightly beyond MP fork; male usually with pilula axillaris; tibial spurs approximately as long as tarsomere 1 (Sekimoto 2014). Third instar larva. Head and mandibles elongated; abdominal sternite IX elongated, without or with few reduced digging setae; hind femur with a dark brown spot (Hayashi et al. 2020; Lin et al. 2021).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Australia (Queensland), Oriental (Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Micronesia, Philippines), Palearctic (China, Japan, Korea) (Hassan et al. 2022).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7AA345C6962156C5BAA40BB055ABCE1A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kim, Jiseung;Ahn, Neung-Ho;Kim, Sora	Kim, Jiseung, Ahn, Neung-Ho, Kim, Sora (2025): A taxonomic review of the family Myrmeleontidae Latreille (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontiformia) from the Korean peninsula, highlighting the conservation value of this family. ZooKeys 1262: 97-174, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1262.163194
E6F1E7E4101751129B81F150EC0BEA13.text	E6F1E7E4101751129B81F150EC0BEA13.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dendroleon Brauer 1866	<div><p>Genus Dendroleon Brauer, 1866</p><p>Dendroleon Brauer, 1866: 42. Type species: Myrmeleon pantherinus Fabricius, 1787 . Type locality: Austria.</p><p>Borbon Navás, 1914 b: 111 .</p><p>Neglurus Navás, 1912 c: 171 .</p><p>Pantherleon Yang, 1986: 431.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Adult. Medium to large sized antlions; antenna long; wing with brown markings; forewing presectoral area usually with four crossveins; forewing vein RP arising usually before CuA fork; forewing veins 2 A and 3 A separate, usually connected by one or two crossveins; hindwing presectoral area usually with one crossvein; hindwing vein RP arising before MP fork; male with pilula axillaris. Legs long and slender, hind femur plus tibia longer than entire length of head plus thorax; tibial spurs approximately as long as combined lengths of tarsomeres 1 and 2. Female gonapophyses divided into tubercular or short digitiform anterior and long digitiform posterior branch; a pair of gonapophyses with slender sclerotized setae (Sekimoto 2014; Zheng et al. 2024 a). Third instar larva. Mandibles upturned, with three pairs of equidistant teeth; mesothoracic and abdominal spiracles not prominent; thoracic setiferous processes pedunculated; abdominal sternite VIII without odontoid processes; abdominal sternite IX longer than wide, triangular; rastra and fossoria weakly developed (Zheng et al. 2024 a).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Asia (Azerbaijan, China, Georgia, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Russian (Far East), Vietnam), Europe (Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Malta, Poland, Romania, Russian Caucasus, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine), North America (Canada, Mexico, the United States), Oceania (Australia, Papua New Guinea) (Zheng et al. 2024 a).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E6F1E7E4101751129B81F150EC0BEA13	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kim, Jiseung;Ahn, Neung-Ho;Kim, Sora	Kim, Jiseung, Ahn, Neung-Ho, Kim, Sora (2025): A taxonomic review of the family Myrmeleontidae Latreille (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontiformia) from the Korean peninsula, highlighting the conservation value of this family. ZooKeys 1262: 97-174, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1262.163194
24B6DDCA93405226A075B3745B285ED8.text	24B6DDCA93405226A075B3745B285ED8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dendroleon pupillaris (Gerstaecker 1893)	<div><p>Dendroleon pupillaris (Gerstaecker, 1893)</p><p>Figs 15, 37 C</p><p>Glenurus pupillaris Gerstaecker, 1893: 120. Type locality: Japan: Honshu: Kanto: Kanagawa: Yokohama.</p><p>Dendroleon pupillaris (Gerstaecker, 1893): Okamoto 1914: 249.</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>[JBNU] 1 ♀, Buun-ri, Sannae-myeon, Namwon-si, Jeonbuk-do, Korea, 22. VIII. 2023, H. Han ; • 1 ♂, Gancheok-ri, Gandong-myeon, Hwacheon-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea, 23. VIII. 2024, J. S. Kim .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Dendroleon pupillaris is distinguished from other species of the D. pupillaris group by its continuous forewing cubital curved stripe. The pronotum has a faint dark brown longitudinal middle stripe.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male, adult. Head (Fig. 15 B, C). Vertex slightly narrow, strongly raised, yellowish brown. Frons yellow, with broad dark brown band at middle; clypeus yellow, with long black hairs. Antenna reddish brown, long, with slightly defined club, densely covered with short black hairs; flagellum comprising ~ 35 flagellomeres. Mouthparts yellowish brown; labrum yellow, with hyaline brown hairs; maxillary palpus yellow; labial palpus yellow.</p><p>Thorax (Fig. 15 C). Pronotum slender, longer than broad, yellowish brown, with slender dark brown longitudinal middle stripe. Mesonotum and metanotum yellowish brown, with broad dark brown longitudinal median stripe.</p><p>Legs. Coxae yellow, moderately covered with long pale yellow hairs. Femora mostly dark brown; partly yellow; moderately covered with black setae. Tibiae mostly yellow; partly dark brown; densely covered with short black hairs. Tibial spurs yellowish brown, long, slight curved, approximately as long as combined lengths of tarsomeres 1 and 2. Tarsi dark brown, tarsomere 5 shorter than combined lengths of tarsomeres 1–4; claws yellowish brown.</p><p>Wings (Fig. 15 A). With brown markings. Forewings attractively marked with shades of brown; veins and crossveins with white and brown; presectoral area with three or four crossveins; RP arising before CuA fork; CuP supporting two or three cells before fusing with 1 A; 2 A and 3 A separate, connected by two crossveins; pterostigma pale pink and white; anterior Banksian line distinct, posterior Banksian line absent. Hindwings approximately as long as forewings, narrower than forewings, with large brown marking extending from proximal part of pterostigma to posterior margin; presectoral area with one crossvein; RP arising before MP fork; pterostigma pale pink and white; anterior Banksian line distinct; posterior Banksian line absent; male with pilula axillaris.</p><p>Abdomen (Fig. 15 A). Shorter than hindwing, reddish brown, densely covered with black hairs.</p><p>Genitalia (Fig. 15 D, E, H – K). Ectoproct semicircular, covered with long black setae. Sternite IX narrow, covered with long black setae. Gonarcus brown, arched. Mediuncus lightly sclerotized, dark brown, moderately raised. Parameres broad, dark brown posteriorly, well sclerotized posteriorly.</p><p>Size. BL: 29.3 mm; FWL: 35.0 mm; HWL: 35.0 mm.</p><p>Female, adult. Except terminalia, generally similar to male. Pilula axillaris absent. Terminalia (Fig. 15 F, G): tergite VIII wider than tergite IX; tergite IX narrow, rectangular in lateral view; ectoproct oval in lateral view; a pair of gonapophyses present below tergite IX; lateral gonapophyses smaller than ectoproct with long black setae; posterior gonapophyses long, curved, with long black setae; anterior gonapophyses long, with long black setae; pregenital plate distinct, small, triangular, presented on membrane below tergite VIII.</p><p>Size. BL: 29.1 mm; FWL: 36.8 mm; HWL: 37.0 mm.</p><p>Biological notes.</p><p>Dendroleon pupillaris is a species that is restricted in areas with well-developed mountains, such as Jiri Mountain and Gangwon-do in South Korea (Fig. 37 C). Adults emerge later than those of other species, mainly from August to September, in South Korea. For detailed information on larval ecology, refer to Matsumoto et al. (2016).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Korea, Japan (Woo et al. 1998; Zheng et al. 2024 a).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Dendroleon pupillaris was first recorded in Korea by Woo et al. (1998) on a checklist, without any taxonomic description or</p><p>remarks.</p><p>This record was referred to and included in the checklist of Paek (2010). In other countries, D. pupillaris has been described as a species only recorded in Japan (Sekimoto 2014; Zheng et al. 2024 a). In this study, we confirm its distribution in Korea and provide a detailed description and illustrations.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/24B6DDCA93405226A075B3745B285ED8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kim, Jiseung;Ahn, Neung-Ho;Kim, Sora	Kim, Jiseung, Ahn, Neung-Ho, Kim, Sora (2025): A taxonomic review of the family Myrmeleontidae Latreille (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontiformia) from the Korean peninsula, highlighting the conservation value of this family. ZooKeys 1262: 97-174, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1262.163194
308DA52AE7255D15B64150AD4C848EE1.text	308DA52AE7255D15B64150AD4C848EE1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Deutoleon lineatus subsp. lineatus (Fabricius 1798)	<div><p>Deutoleon lineatus lineatus (Fabricius, 1798)</p><p>Figs 18, 32 A, 37 F</p><p>Myrmeleon lineatus Fabricius, 1798: 205. Type locality: Russia: southern.</p><p>Myrmeleon ornatus Olivier, 1811: 123. Type locality: Russia: southern.</p><p>Myrmeleon sibiricum Fischer Von Waldheim, 1822: 45. Type locality: Russia: Irkutsk: Siberia, near Irkutsk.</p><p>Formicaleo lineatus (Fabricius, 1798): Hagen 1866 b: 404.</p><p>Myrmeleon ambiguus Klapálek, 1901: 209 . Type locality: Russia: Minusinsk.</p><p>Distoleon lineatus (Fabricius, 1798): Kuwayama 1924: 82.</p><p>Deutoleon lineatus (Fabricius, 1798): Navás 1927 b 18.</p><p>Deutoleon turanicus Navás, 1927 b: 19 . Type locality: Russia: Baikal.</p><p>Deutoleon lineatus lineatus (Fabricius, 1798): Krivokhatsky 2011: 124.</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>[JBNU] • 1 ♀, Yulji-ri, Susan-myeon, Jecheon-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 24. VI. 2023, J. S. Kim ; • 3 ♂ 7 ♀, Changwon-ri, Nam-myeon, Yeongwol-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea, 12. VI. 2024, J. S. Kim ; • 1 ♂, Yulji-ri, Susan-myeon, Jecheon-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 25. V. 2025, J. S. Kim .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Deutoleon lineatus lineatus is similar to D. lineatus turanicus in general appearance. However, they can be easily distinguished because the forewing veins of D. lineatus lineatus are only yellow, while in D. lineatus turanicus they are alternately black and yellow.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male, adult. Head (Fig. 18 B, C). Vertex slightly wide, moderately raised, yellow. Frons yellow, with dark brown band in the middle; clypeus yellow, with long black hairs. Antenna dark brown, slightly long, with slightly defined club, densely covered with short black hairs; flagellum comprising ~ 45 flagellomeres. Mouthparts yellowish brown; labrum yellow, with hyaline brown hairs; maxillary palpus yellowish brown; labial palpus yellowish brown, spindle-shaped.</p><p>Thorax (Fig. 11 C). Pronotum slender, longer than broad, whitish-yellow, with slender dark brown longitudinal middle stripe. Mesonotum and metanotum yellowish white, with dark spot at middle.</p><p>Legs. Coxae yellow, moderately covered with long black hairs. Femora mostly dark brown; partly yellow; moderately covered with black setae. Tibiae mostly dark brown; partly yellow; densely covered with short black hairs. Tibial spurs reddish brown, slightly long, slightly curved, approximately as long as combined lengths of tarsomeres 1 and 2. Tarsi pale brown, tarsomere 5 longer than combined lengths of tarsomeres 1–4; claws reddish brown.</p><p>Wings (Fig. 18 A). With dark brown markings. Forewings veins and crossveins mostly yellow; presectoral area with 7–9 crossveins; RP arising beyond CuA fork; CuP supporting one or two cells before fusing with 1 A; 2 A fused with 3 A; pterostigma yellowish white; anterior Banksian lines distinct; posterior Banksian lines distinct. Hindwing approximately as long as forewing, narrower than forewing; presectoral area with two crossveins; RP arising before MP fork; pterostigma yellowish white; anterior Banksian and posterior Banksian lines absent; male without pilula axillaris.</p><p>Abdomen (Fig. 18 A). Dark brown, moderately covered with black hairs.</p><p>Genitalia (Fig. 18 E, F, I – L). Ectoproct covered with long black setae. Sternite IX narrow, covered with long black setae. Gonarcus reddish brown, arched. Mediuncus absent. Parameres well sclerotized, dark brown, strongly arched. Parameres well sclerotized, dark brown, with long black setae, moderately hooked in lateral view.</p><p>Size. BL: 33.9–35.7 mm; FWL: 35.9–38.9 mm; HWL: 35.1–38.3 mm.</p><p>Female, adult. Except terminalia, generally similar to male. Hindwing of female with one distinct dark brown stripe in rhegma area (Fig. 18 D). Terminalia (Fig. 18 G – H): tergite VIII slightly wider than tergite IX; tergite IX narrow, triangular in lateral view; ectoproct semicircular in lateral view; lateral gonapophyses semicircular in lateral view, smaller than ectoproct; posterior gonapophyses long, with long black setae; anterior gonapophyses absent; pregenital plate absent.</p><p>Size. BL: 32.8–36.2 mm; FWL: 38.0– 42.4 mm; HWL: 36.7–40.9 mm.</p><p>Biological notes.</p><p>Deutoleon lineatus lineatus is a species that is observed very locally in calcareous grasslands of Chungcheongbuk-do and Gangwon-do in South Korea (Fig. 37 F). Adults are mainly observed resting on grass stems during the daytime (Fig. 32 A). Behavior that appeared to be territorial conflict against Orthetrum sp. was also observed. No attraction of the adults to light traps was observed at night; the species was active only during the day and at dusk. Adults emerge for a short period from late May to late June in South Korea. Larvae were not examined during this study, and nothing is known so far about the larvae of this species (Szőke 2021).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Korea, China, Russia, Moldova, Mongolia, Ukraine, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan (Krivokhatsky 2011; Szőke 2021)</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Deutoleon lineatus lineatus is distributed in Europe to northern Asia. This species was first reported by Kuwayama (1924) from Korea. Another species in the same genus, D. turanicus Navás, is treated as a subspecies (Krivokhatsky 2011).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/308DA52AE7255D15B64150AD4C848EE1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kim, Jiseung;Ahn, Neung-Ho;Kim, Sora	Kim, Jiseung, Ahn, Neung-Ho, Kim, Sora (2025): A taxonomic review of the family Myrmeleontidae Latreille (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontiformia) from the Korean peninsula, highlighting the conservation value of this family. ZooKeys 1262: 97-174, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1262.163194
5D57B27EDCBF5F97967D49D349F71053.text	5D57B27EDCBF5F97967D49D349F71053.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Deutoleon Navas 1927	<div><p>Genus Deutoleon Navás, 1927</p><p>Deutoleon Navás, 1927 b: 19 . Type species: Deutoleon turanicus Navás, 1927 . Type locality: Russia: Baikal.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Adult. Forewing presectoral area usually with seven crossveins. Hindwing with two presectoral crossveins. Hind tibial spurs at least twice as long as tarsomere 1. Male without pilula axillaris (Zhan et al. 2012).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Palearctic (Korea, China, Russia, Moldova, Mongolia, Ukraine, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan) (Krivokhatsky 2011; Szőke 2021).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5D57B27EDCBF5F97967D49D349F71053	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kim, Jiseung;Ahn, Neung-Ho;Kim, Sora	Kim, Jiseung, Ahn, Neung-Ho, Kim, Sora (2025): A taxonomic review of the family Myrmeleontidae Latreille (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontiformia) from the Korean peninsula, highlighting the conservation value of this family. ZooKeys 1262: 97-174, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1262.163194
58208645DE3E50E3BE4B3D7BF4EBF344.text	58208645DE3E50E3BE4B3D7BF4EBF344.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Distoleon Banks 1910	<div><p>Genus Distoleon Banks, 1910</p><p>Distoleon Banks, 1910: 42 . Type species: Distoleon verticalis Banks, 1910 . Type locality: Australia: Mid-Queensland.</p><p>Formicaleo Brauer, 1855: 719 .</p><p>Eidoleon Esben-petersen, 1918: 15.</p><p>Salvaza Navás, 1917: 12 .</p><p>Feinerus Navás, 1919 a: 190 .</p><p>Nefeirus Navás, 1926: 103 .</p><p>Dolicholeon Navás, 1929: 190.</p><p>Hyloleon Navás, 1929: 188.</p><p>Nasma Navás, 1930 b: 409 .</p><p>Feina Navás, 1931: 263 .</p><p>Vessa Navás, 1931: 265 .</p><p>Formileo Navás, 1933: 312 .</p><p>Nima Navás, 1935: 53.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Adult. Medium to large sized antlions; forewing presectoral area usually with approximately 5–10 crossveins; forewing vein RP arising beyond CuA fork; forewing vein 2 A fused with 3 A; hindwing presectoral area with one crossvein; hindwing vein RP arising before MP fork; male without pilula axillaris; tibial spurs approximately as long as combined lengths of tarsomeres 1–3 in hindleg (Sekimoto 2014). Third instar larva. Mandibles equipped with three equidistant teeth; first pair of mesothoracic setiferous processes pedunculated, second pair sub-pedunculated; sternite VIII with odontoid processes; sternite IX with two rastra each with four digging setae (Badano and Pantaleoni 2014 a).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Old world (Badano and Pantaleoni 2014 a).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/58208645DE3E50E3BE4B3D7BF4EBF344	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kim, Jiseung;Ahn, Neung-Ho;Kim, Sora	Kim, Jiseung, Ahn, Neung-Ho, Kim, Sora (2025): A taxonomic review of the family Myrmeleontidae Latreille (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontiformia) from the Korean peninsula, highlighting the conservation value of this family. ZooKeys 1262: 97-174, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1262.163194
C89B726E56A553AAB6BF27143C364692.text	C89B726E56A553AAB6BF27143C364692.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Distoleon littoralis Miller & Stange 1999	<div><p>Distoleon littoralis Miller &amp; Stange, 1999</p><p>Fig. 19, 20, 35 H, 36 G, 37 D</p><p>Distoleon littoralis Miller &amp; Stange, 1999: 53. Type locality: Taiwan: Ilan County: Hanben Beach.</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>[JBNU] • 1 ♀, Gyorae-ri, Jocheon-eup, Jeju-si, Jeju-do, Korea, 23. VII. 2021, J. S. Kim ; • 4 ♀, Sindu-ri, Wonbuk-myeon, Taean-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea, 20. VIII. 2022, J. S. Kim ; • 1 ♂ 5 ♀ (reared from larva), Jungtong-ri, Bogil-myeon, Wando-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea, 3. III. 2023, J. I. Shim ; • 1 ♂ (reared from larva), Sindu-ri, Wonbuk-myeon, Taean-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea, 18. VI. 2023, J. S. Kim ; • 1 ♀, Sanghyo-dong, Seogwipo-si, Jeju-do, Korea, 23. IX. 2023, J. S. Kim ; • 2 ♂ 1 ♀, Gamsan-ri, Andeok-myeon, Seogwipo-si, Jeju-do, Korea, 20. VII. 2024, Y. T. Jang ; • 1 ♀, Jungdo-ri, Wando-eup, Wando-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea, 26. VII. 2024, J. S. Kim ; • 2 ♀, Naewol-ri, Bigeum-myeon, Sinan-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea, 27. VII. 2024, M. K. Jeong ; • 2 ♂ 2 ♀, Sindu-ri, Wonbuk-myeon, Taean-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea, 31. VII. 2024, J. S. Kim ; • 1 ♀, Naewol-ri, Bigeum-myeon, Sinan-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea, 1. VIII. 2024, J. S. Kim ; • 2 ♀, Jungdo-ri, Wando-eup, Wando-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea, 4. VIII. 2024, Y. T. Jang ; • 2 ♀, Seopo-ri, Deokjeok-myeon, Ongjin-gun, Incheon, Korea, 13. VIII,. 2024, J. S. Kim ; • 2 ♂, Gureom-ri, Deokjeok-myeon, Ongjin-gun, Incheon, Korea, 14. VIII,. 2024, J. S. Kim ; • 1 ♂, Gureom-ri, Deokjeok-myeon, Ongjin-gun, Incheon, Korea, 15. VIII,. 2024, J. S. Kim ; • 1 ♂, Oksan-ri, Geoje-myeon, Geoje-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea, 17. VIII,. 2024, Y. T. Jang ; • 1 ♂, Gilgok-ri, Maehwa-myeon, Uljin-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea, 28. VIII. 2024, J. S. Kim ; • 2 ♀, Sa-ri, Heuksan-myeon, Sinan-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea, 3. IX. 2024, J. S. Kim ; • 2 larvae (3 rd instar), Jungtong-ri, Bogil-myeon, Wando-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea, 3. III. 2023, J. I. Shim .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Distoleon littoralis has pale dark brown spots in the cubital area of the forewing and the rhegma area of the hindwing. Forewing presectoral area has eight or nine crossveins. Fore coxa has many elongate white hairs. In larvae, the head is yellowish white and has an anterior dark marking and a V-shaped small dark brown marking on the dorsal side, as well as two pairs of dark spots on the ventral side. Abdominal sternite IX has sparse short digging setae and a paired rastra each with four digging setae.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male, adult. Head (Fig. 19 B, C). Vertex slightly narrow, slightly raised, dark brown. Frons reddish brown, with broad dark brown band extending from below vertex to below base of antenna; clypeus yellowish brown, with long pale yellow hairs. Antenna reddish brown, long, with slightly defined club, densely covered with short black hairs; flagellum comprising ~ 50 flagellomeres, each flagellomere with distal yellow annulation. Mouthparts brown; labrum brown, with hyaline brown hairs; maxillary palpus yellowish brown; labial palpus yellowish brown.</p><p>Thorax (Fig. 19 C). Pronotum broad, length shorter than width, dark brown, with narrow yellow longitudinal middle stripe, with long black hairs. Mesonotum and metanotum dark brown, with several yellow spots.</p><p>Legs. Coxae mostly yellow, moderately covered with long white hairs. Femora yellowish brown; moderately covered with black and white hairs. Tibiae mostly yellowish brown; partly black; densely covered with short black hairs. Tibial spurs dark brown proximally, reddish brown distally, long, curved, in forelegs and midlegs approximately as long as combined lengths of tarsomeres 1–4, in hindleg approximately as long as combined lengths of tarsomeres 1–3. Tarsi yellowish white, Tarsomere 5 as long as combined lengths of tarsomeres 1–4; claws reddish brown.</p><p>Wings (Fig. 19 A). With dark brown markings. Forewings veins and crossveins dark brown and pale yellow; presectoral area with eight or nine crossveins; RP arising beyond CuA fork; CuP supporting one cell before fusing with 1 A; 2 A fused with 3 A; pterostigma yellowish white; cubital area with pale dark brown marking; anterior Banksian lines distinct; posterior Banksian lines distinct. Hindwing slightly shorter than forewing; presectoral area with one crossvein; RP arising before MP fork; pterostigma yellowish white; rhegma area with pale brown marking; pterostigma yellowish white; anterior Banksian lines absent; posterior Banksian lines absent; male without pilula axillaris.</p><p>Abdomen (Fig. 19 A). Shorter than hindwing, dark brown, tergites II – VIII with variable yellow markings, densely covered with short hyaline hairs.</p><p>Genitalia (Fig. 19 D, E, H – K). Ectoproct semicircular, covered with long black setae. Sternite IX narrow, covered with long black setae. Gonarcus white, arched. Mediuncus absent. Parameres well sclerotized, brown, with long black setae, moderately hooked in lateral view.</p><p>Size. BL: 29.9–33.3 mm; FWL: 30.5–34.8 mm; HWL: 28.0– 34.1 mm.</p><p>Female, adult. Except terminalia, generally similar to male. Terminalia (Fig. 19 F, G): tergite VIII wider than tergite IX; tergite IX narrow, rectangular in lateral view; ectoproct semicircular in lateral view; lateral gonapophyses semicircular in lateral view, smaller than ectoproct; posterior gonapophyses long, with long black setae; anterior gonapophyses absent; pregenital plate absent.</p><p>Size. BL: 27.8–33.1 mm; FWL: 29.8–38.2 mm; HWL: 28.5–37.4 mm.</p><p>Larva, 3 rd instar. General color reddish brown, with dark brown markings (Fig. 20 A – C). Head longer than wide, with an anterior dark marking and a V-shaped small dark brown marking on dorsal side; with two pairs of dark spots on ventral side; with a dark brown stripe in lateral side; mandibles reddish brown; interdental mandibular setae (4) (1) (1) (0); external setae short (Fig. 20 D, E). Abdominal sternite VIII with sparse black setae and prominent odontoid processes. Abdominal sternite IX with sparse short digging setae in front of rastra; a paired rastra each with four digging setae (Fig. 20 F).</p><p>Size. BL: 12.1 mm; HL: 3.2 mm, HW: 2.6 mm, ML: 3.1 mm.</p><p>Biological notes.</p><p>Distoleon littoralis is frequently observed in South Korea, primarily in coastal areas, though it is also occasionally observed inland (Fig. 37 D). Adults mainly emerge from July to September in South Korea. Larvae are ambush predators, concealing themselves in the sand of dunes. They were collected in sandy areas near the roots of Pinus trees (Fig. 36 G).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Korea (new record), China (Stange et al. 2003; Wang et al. 2018).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The first record of Distoleon littoralis in Korea was by Okamoto (1926), who identified it as D. contubernalis (McLachlan, 1875) . However, additional taxonomic research is needed on the species status of D. littoralis and its associated species complex.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C89B726E56A553AAB6BF27143C364692	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kim, Jiseung;Ahn, Neung-Ho;Kim, Sora	Kim, Jiseung, Ahn, Neung-Ho, Kim, Sora (2025): A taxonomic review of the family Myrmeleontidae Latreille (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontiformia) from the Korean peninsula, highlighting the conservation value of this family. ZooKeys 1262: 97-174, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1262.163194
553555B6C1BE588E927D4FB519F73AA2.text	553555B6C1BE588E927D4FB519F73AA2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Distoleon nigricans (Okamoto 1910)	<div><p>Distoleon nigricans (Okamoto, 1910)</p><p>Figs 21, 37 D</p><p>Formicaleo nigricans Okamoto, 1910: 288. Type locality: Japan.</p><p>Formicaleon nigricans (Okamoto, 1910): Okamoto 1914: 249.</p><p>Distoleon nigricans (Okamoto, 1910): Kuwayama 1956: 30.</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>[JBNU] 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Oeseonmi-ri, Onjeong-myeon, Uljin-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea, 9. VII. 2022, J. S. Kim ; • 1 ♀, Cheonggye-ri, Paldeok-myeon, Sunchang-gun, Jeonbuk-do, Korea, 21. VII. 2022, J. I. Shim ; • 1 ♀, Oeseonmi-ri, Onjeong-myeon, Uljin-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea, 27. VII. 2022, J. S. Kim ; • 1 ♀, Sindu-ri, Wonbuk-myeon, Taean-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea, 17. VI. 2023, J. S. Kim ; • 2 ♀, Yulji-ri, Susan-myeon, Jecheon-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea, 24. VI. 2023, J. S. Kim ; • 2 ♀, Samjung-ri, Macheon-myeon, Hamyang-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea, 14. VII. 2023, H. Han ; • 1 ♀, Changwon-ri, Nam-myeon, Yeongwol-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea, 12. VI. 2024, J. S. Kim ; • 3 ♀, Yeokpyeong-ri, Daebyeong-myeon, Hapcheon-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea, 19. VI. 2024, Y. T. Jang ; • 2 ♀, Daegwang-ri, Sinseo-myeon, Yeoncheon-gun, Gyeonggi-do. 25. VII. 2024, H. Han .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Distoleon nigricans has large, nearly circular, well-developed, dark brown spots in the cubital area of the forewing and the rhegma area of the hindwing. Pronotum has narrow yellow longitudinal middle stripe.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male, adult. Head (Fig. 21 B, C). Vertex slightly narrow, slightly raised, reddish brown. Frons reddish brown, with broad dark brown band extending from below vertex to below base of antenna; clypeus yellow, with long pale brown hairs. Antenna dark brown, long, with slightly defined club, densely covered with short black hairs; flagellum comprising ~ 45 flagellomeres, each flagellomere with distal yellow annulation. Mouthparts brown; labrum brown, with hyaline brown hairs; maxillary palpus brown; labial palpus brown, 3 rd labial palpomere dark brown.</p><p>Thorax (Fig. 21 C). Pronotum broad, length shorter than width, dark brown, with narrow yellow longitudinal middle stripe, with long black hairs. Mesonotum and metanotum dark brown, with several yellow spots.</p><p>Legs. Coxae mostly dark brown, moderately covered with long white hairs. Femora mostly dark brown, partly brown; moderately covered with black and white hairs. Tibiae dark brown; moderately covered with black hairs. Tibial spurs brown proximally, reddish brown distally, long, curved, in forelegs and midlegs approximately as long as combined lengths of tarsomeres 1–4, in hindleg approximately as long as combined lengths of tarsomeres 1–3. Tarsi yellowish white, Tarsomere 5 longer than combined lengths of tarsomeres 1–4; claws reddish brown.</p><p>Wings (Fig. 21 A). With dark brown markings. Forewings veins and crossveins dark brown and pale yellow; presectoral area with 7–9 crossveins; RP arising beyond CuA fork; CuP supporting one cell before fusing with 1 A; 2 A fused with 3 A at same time, connected by one crossvein; pterostigma yellowish white; cubital area with large dark brown marking; anterior Banksian lines distinct; posterior Banksian lines distinct. Hindwings shorter and narrower than forewings; presectoral area with one crossvein; RP arising before MP fork; pterostigma yellowish white; rhegma area with large dark brown marking; pterostigma yellowish white; anterior Banksian lines absent; posterior Banksian lines absent; male without pilula axillaris.</p><p>Abdomen (Fig. 21 A). Shorter than hindwing, dark brown, tergites II – VIII with variable yellow markings, densely covered with short black hairs.</p><p>Genitalia (Fig. 21 D, E, H – K). Ectoproct semicircular, covered with long black setae. Sternite IX narrow, covered with long black setae. Gonarcus reddish brown, arched. Mediuncus absent. Parameres well sclerotized, reddish brown, with long black setae, moderately hooked in lateral view.</p><p>Size. BL: 32.4 mm; FWL: 33.9 mm; HWL: 31.9 mm.</p><p>Female, adult. Except terminalia, generally similar to male. Terminalia (Fig. 21 F, G): tergite VIII wider than tergite IX; tergite IX narrow, rectangular in lateral view; ectoproct semicircular in lateral view; lateral gonapophyses semicircular in lateral view, smaller than ectoproct; posterior gonapophyses short, with long black setae; anterior gonapophyses absent; pregenital plate absent.</p><p>Size. BL: 33.2–36.1 mm; FWL: 36.9–43.2 mm; HWL: 34.8–39.9 mm.</p><p>Biological notes.</p><p>Distoleon nigricans is a species that is observed in South Korea, primarily in inland areas across grasslands and mountainous topography (Fig. 37 D). Adults emerge from June in South Korea. Larvae are known to be ambush hunters. They were not found during this study; for details on the larval ecology, refer to Ikeda and Okui (2017).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Korea, Japan, China (Wang et al. 2018).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Okamoto (1926) first reported Distoleon nigrigans from Korea, misidentifying it as D. tetragrammicus, a widespread species in the western Palaearctic, only avoiding cold climates and true deserts (Badano and Pantaleoni 2014 a). In contrast, D. nigricans has only been reported to be distributed in northeast Asia (Sekimoto 2014; Wang et al. 2018).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/553555B6C1BE588E927D4FB519F73AA2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kim, Jiseung;Ahn, Neung-Ho;Kim, Sora	Kim, Jiseung, Ahn, Neung-Ho, Kim, Sora (2025): A taxonomic review of the family Myrmeleontidae Latreille (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontiformia) from the Korean peninsula, highlighting the conservation value of this family. ZooKeys 1262: 97-174, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1262.163194
E7F7B7329839564D992F7EB21F369C6C.text	E7F7B7329839564D992F7EB21F369C6C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euroleon coreanus Okamoto 1926	<div><p>Euroleon coreanus Okamoto, 1926</p><p>Figs 7, 8, 32 B, 35 C, 36 B, 37 F</p><p>Euroleon coreanus Okamoto, 1926: 19. Type locality: Korea.</p><p>Euroleon sjostedti Navás, 1928: 30. Type locality: China: Gansu: Sanchowfu.</p><p>Teula sinica Navás, 1930 b: 6 . Type locality. China: Hebei: Chengde.</p><p>Euroloen alienus Navás, 1932: 111. Type locality: China: Shaanxi: Tapaischan: Tsinling-schan mont.</p><p>Euroleon sinuosus Navás, 1935: 42. Type locality: China: Shaanxi: Tapaischan: Tsinling-schan mont.</p><p>Euroleon sinicus (Navás, 1930 b): Hölzel 1970 a: 128.</p><p>Euroleon sanxianus Yang, 1997: 618. Type locality: China: Hubei: Yichang: Zigui: Jiulingtou.</p><p>Euroleon flavicorpus Wang, 2009: 53 . Type locality: China: Shanxi: Jincheng: Yangcheng.</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>[JBNU] • 1 ♂ 3 ♀ (reared from larva), Yulji-ri, Susan-myeon, Jecheon-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea, 15. VI. 2023, J. I. Shim ; • 4 ♂ 4 ♀ (reared from larva), Changwon-ri, Nam-myeon, Yeongwol-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea, 25. VI. 2023, J. S. Kim ; • 6 ♂, Yulji-ri, Susan-myeon, Jecheon-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea, 30. VII. 2024, J. S. Kim ; • 2 larvae (3 rd instar), Changwon-ri, Nam-myeon, Yeongwol-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea, 25. VI. 2023, J. S. Kim ; 1 larva (3 rd instar), Changwon-ri, Nam-myeon, Yeongwol-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea, 18. V. 2024, J. S. Kim .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Compared to other species in the genus Euroleon, E. coreanus has the morphological characteristics of a dark brown thorax and abdomen, a pair of brownish spots and a middle stripe on the pronotum, few dark brown markings on the wings, a small axillary plate, and a black marking on the clypeus. In larvae, the hind coxae are unmarked, abdominal sternite IX has an anterior row of four digging setae, a paired rastra each with three digging setae.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male, adult. Head (Fig. 7 B, C). Vertex wide, strongly raised, dark brown. Frons Yellow, broad dark brown band extending from below vertex to below base of antenna, with short yellow hairs; clypeus yellow, with black marking at middle. Antenna dark brown, short, with slightly defined club, densely covered with short black hairs; flagellum comprising ~ 30 flagellomeres. Mouthparts reddish brown; labrum yellow, with hyaline black hairs; maxillary palpus dark brown; labial palpus dark brown, much longer than maxillary palpus, spindle-shaped.</p><p>Thorax (Fig. 7 C). Pronotum broad, length shorter than width, dark brown, yellow longitudinal midline, with long black hairs. Mesonotum dark brown, darker anteriorly, with long yellow hairs. Metanotum dark brown, with pair of yellow marking in the middle, with yellow hairs.</p><p>Legs. Coxae yellow, moderately covered with long brown hairs. Femora yellowish brown, moderately covered with black setae. Tibiae yellowish brown, moderately covered with black setae. Tibial spurs reddish brown, short, almost straight, approximately as long as combined lengths of tarsomeres 1–3. Tarsi reddish brown, tarsomere 5 approximately as long as combined lengtsh of tarsomeres 1–4; claws reddish brown.</p><p>Wings (Fig. 7 A). With dark brown markings. Forewings veins and crossveins mostly brown; presectoral area with seven or eight crossveins; RP arising beyond CuA fork; CuP supporting one cell before fusing with 1 A; 3 A fused with 2 A; pterostigma white; anterior Banksian line absent, posterior Banksian line distinct. Hindwings approximately as long as forewings; narrower than forewing; presectoral area with 3–5 crossveins; RP arising beyond MP fork; pterostigma white; anterior Banksian line indistinct, posterior Banksian line distinct; male with pilula axillaris.</p><p>Abdomen (Fig. 7 A). Shorter than hindwing, dark brown, densely covered with brown hairs.</p><p>Genitalia (Fig. 7 D, E, H – K). Ectoproct rectangular, covered with long black setae. Sternite IX narrow, covered with long black setae. Gonarcus brown, arched, with long lateral arms. Mediuncus lightly sclerotized, dark brown, moderately raised. Parameres well sclerotized, dark brown, rectangular in ventral view.</p><p>Size. BL: 24.3–28.6 mm; FWL: 26.8–29.5 mm; HWL: 25.0– 27.6 mm.</p><p>Female, adult. Except terminalia, generally similar to male. Pilula axillaris absent. Terminalia (Fig. 7 F, G): tergite VIII wider than tergite IX; tergite IX narrow, triangular in lateral view; ectoproct semicircular in lateral view; lateral gonapophyses semicircular in lateral view; smaller than ectoproct; posterior gonapophyses short, with long black setae; anterior gonapophyses small, with long black setae; pregenital plate distinct, triangular, presented on membrane below tergite VIII.</p><p>Size. BL: 24.8–25.9 mm; FWL: 27.4–31.2 mm; HWL: 25.6–29.8 mm.</p><p>Larva, 3 rd instar. General color pale brown, with dark brown markings (Fig. 8 A – C). Head longer than wide, with an anterior pair of spots and a V-shaped dark brown marking on dorsal side, with two pairs of dark brown spots on ventral side; with a pair of spots in lateral side; mandibles reddish brown; interdental mandibular setae (6–7) (3) (2–3) (2); external setae long (Fig. 8 D, E). Abdominal sternite VIII with long black setae. Abdominal sternite IX with an anterior row of four digging setae, a paired rastra each with three digging setae (Fig. 8 F).</p><p>Size. BL: 8.9 mm; HL: 2.3 mm, HW: 1.6 mm, ML: 2.6 mm.</p><p>Biological notes.</p><p>Euroleon coreanus is observed very locally in calcareous grasslands of Chungcheongbuk-do and Gangwon-do in South Korea (Fig. 37 F). Adults emerge from late June in South Korea. Larvae are pit builders. They were collected from dry, fine soils in calcareous grasslands with open surroundings (Fig. 36 B).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Korea, China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia (Bao and Wang 2006).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Euroleon coreanus was recorded as new species by Okamoto (1926) based on specimens from Korea. In contrast, Okamoto (1926) described E. coreanus seems to be common in Korea, whereas we affirm that this species is distributed very locally in calcareous grasslands in Chungcheongbuk-do and Gangwon-do.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E7F7B7329839564D992F7EB21F369C6C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kim, Jiseung;Ahn, Neung-Ho;Kim, Sora	Kim, Jiseung, Ahn, Neung-Ho, Kim, Sora (2025): A taxonomic review of the family Myrmeleontidae Latreille (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontiformia) from the Korean peninsula, highlighting the conservation value of this family. ZooKeys 1262: 97-174, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1262.163194
F9983F111B5D59F18A173BD712647558.text	F9983F111B5D59F18A173BD712647558.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euroleon Esben-Petersen 1918	<div><p>Genus Euroleon Esben-Petersen, 1918</p><p>Euroleon Esben-Petersen, 1918 a: 125 . Type species: Myrmeleon europaeus McLachlan, 1873 .</p><p>Teula Navás, 1930 b: 5 .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Adult. Medium sized antlions; forewing vein CuA 2 and CuP + 1 A generally parallel; forewing vein RP arising beyond CuA fork; forewing vein 2 A fused with 3 A; forewing anterior Banksian lines absent; forewing posterior Banksian lines distinct; hindwing vein RP arising beyond MP fork; hindwing presectoral area with four or more crossveins; male with pilula axillaris (Wang et al. 2018). Third instar larva. Mandibles with three equidistant teeth with the apical tooth slightly longer; external margin of the mandible with long setae; abdominal sternite VIII with odontoid processes; abdominal sternite IX with an anterior row of digging setae and two short rastra (Badano and Pantaleoni 2014 a).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Palearctic (widely distributed) (Badano and Pantaleoni 2014 a).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F9983F111B5D59F18A173BD712647558	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kim, Jiseung;Ahn, Neung-Ho;Kim, Sora	Kim, Jiseung, Ahn, Neung-Ho, Kim, Sora (2025): A taxonomic review of the family Myrmeleontidae Latreille (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontiformia) from the Korean peninsula, highlighting the conservation value of this family. ZooKeys 1262: 97-174, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1262.163194
F977D799E7145B8D9FC94446B4D78E93.text	F977D799E7145B8D9FC94446B4D78E93.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Libelloides Schaffer 1763	<div><p>Genus Libelloides Schäffer, 1763</p><p>Libelloides Schäffer, 1763: 1. Type species: Papilio coccajus Denis &amp; Schiffermüer, 1775 . Type locality: Austria.</p><p>Ascalaphus Fabricius, 1775: 313.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Adult. Wings conspicuously colored with numerous black, yellow, and white markings; triangular, short, and broad; forewing vein CuA 2 runs nearly parallel to CuP to the wing margin; abdomen short and stout; male ectoproct elongated, forming a distinct ectoproct (Wang et al. 2018). Third instar Larva. Mandibles with three teeth, the median tooth is the largest and closer to the apical tooth than to basal tooth; mandibles with interdental pseudo-teeth; abdomen with eight pairs of dorsal cylindrical scolus-like processes; sternite VIII with short odontoid processes; sternite IX with two short rastra each four digging setae (Fig. 3 E) (Badano and Pantaleoni 2014 b).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Palaearctic region.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F977D799E7145B8D9FC94446B4D78E93	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kim, Jiseung;Ahn, Neung-Ho;Kim, Sora	Kim, Jiseung, Ahn, Neung-Ho, Kim, Sora (2025): A taxonomic review of the family Myrmeleontidae Latreille (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontiformia) from the Korean peninsula, highlighting the conservation value of this family. ZooKeys 1262: 97-174, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1262.163194
224871AD886052FDA6D20D7144BFC811.text	224871AD886052FDA6D20D7144BFC811.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Libelloides sibiricus (Eversmann 1850)	<div><p>Libelloides sibiricus (Eversmann, 1850)</p><p>Figs 27, 28, 29 B, 33 A, 34 A, 35 J, 36 H, 37 G</p><p>Ascalaphus sibiricus Eversmann, 1850: 279. Type locality: Russia: eastern Siberia: near Kyakhta</p><p>Ascalaphus radians Gerstaecker, 1885: 8. Type locality: Russia: Amur.</p><p>Ascalaphus sibiricus var. niveus Navás, 1929: 33. Type locality: Russia: “ Borochojewa, Transbaikal ”.</p><p>Libelloides sibiricus (Eversmann, 1850): Tjeder 1972: 153.</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>[ JBNU] • 2 ♂, Seolgye-ri, Yeongdong-eup, Yeongdong-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea, 17. IV. 2021, J. S. Kim ; • 1 ♂ 3 ♀, Changwon-ri, Nam-myeon, Yeongwol-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea, 18. V. 2024, M. K. Jeong ; 1 larva (3 rd instar), Seolgye-ri, Yeongdong-eup, Yeongdong-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea, 21. II. 2022, J. S. Kim ; • 2 larvae (1 st instar), Yulji-ri, Susan-myeon, Jecheon-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 25. V. 2025, J. S. Kim .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Frons is black and densely covered with long yellowish brown hairs. Pronotum is narrow, considerably shorter than its width, black, with transverse yellow stripe. Hindwing is pale brown at the distal part. Hindwing has dark brown stripes along crossveins M and CuP, and the area between them is yellow. In larvae, head capsule is dark brown with some yellow markings and has a darker anterior portion. On the dorsal side, each abdominal tergite has a dark brown V-shaped marking, and a pair of setal tufts is located along it.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male, adult. Head (Fig. 27 B, C). Vertex slightly narrow, slightly depressed, black, densely covered with long black hairs. Frons black, densely covered with long yellowish brown hairs; clypeus black, moderately covered with brown hairs. Eye with a transverse furrow. Antenna dark brown, considerably long, with strongly defined club; flagellum comprising ~ 40 flagellomeres. Mouthparts black; labrum black, with brown hairs; maxillary palpus black; labial palpus black.</p><p>Thorax (Fig. 27 B). Pronotum narrow, considerably shorter than width, black, with transverse yellow stripe, moderately covered with long black hairs. Mesonotum and metanotum generally black, with some small yellow markings; moderately covered with long black hairs.</p><p>Wing (Fig. 27 A). With yellow and dark brown markings. Forewings membrane mostly transparent, basal quarter yellow; veins and crossveins mostly brown; presectoral area with 6–9 crossveins; Cu with five or six rows of cells; pterostigma dark brown. Hindwings shorter and broader than forewings; membrane shaded with yellow and dark brown; veins and crossveins dark brown and yellowish white; presectoral area with 5–8 crossveins and some cells; Cu with five or six rows of cells; pterostigma dark brown.</p><p>Legs. Coxae black, densely covered with long black hairs. Femora generally black, distally yellow, moderately covered with long black and yellowish white hairs. Tibiae generally yellow, distally black, covered with sparse black setae. Tibial spurs black, short, slightly curved, approximately as long as tarsomere 1. Tarsi black, tarsomere 5 approximately as long as combined lengths of tarsomeres 1–4. Claws black.</p><p>Abdomen (Fig. 27 A). Shorter than hindwing, black, densely covered with long black hairs.</p><p>Genitalia (Fig. 27 D, E, H – K). Ectoproct elongated, forcipate, covered with long black setae. Sternite IX broad, covered with long black setae. Gonarcus brown, arched, with lateral arm. Mediuncus brown, oval in dorsal view. Parameres well sclerotized, dark brown, strongly hooked in lateral view. Pulvinus symmetrical, attached to gonarcus, covered with long black setae.</p><p>Size. BL: 19.8–24.4 mm; FWL: 19.4–24.1 mm; HWL: 17.6–20.2 mm.</p><p>Female, adult. Except terminalia, generally similar to male. Terminalia (Fig. 27 F, G): tergite IX narrow, rectangular in lateral view; ectoproct rectangular in lateral view; distivalvae circular in lateral view, smaller than ectoproct; ventrovalvae rectangular in ventral view; interdens absent.</p><p>Size. BL: 20.3–23.4 mm; FWL: 27.4–29.5 mm; HWL: 23.3–26.0 mm.</p><p>Larva, 3 rd instar. General color yellowish brown, with dark brown markings (Fig. 28 A – C). Head quadrate, shorter than wide; dorsal side of the head capsule dark brown with some yellow markings, with a darker anterior portion; mandibles dark brown, covered with short black setae; interdental pseudo teeth (6–7) (2–3) (1) (Fig. 28 D, E). Each abdominal tergite with a dark brown V-shaped marking on the dorsal side; a pair of setal tufts located along the marking (Fig. 28 A). Abdominal sternite VIII with a pair of brown spots in correspondence of the odontoid processes; abdominal sternite IX triangular, with yellow marking on anterior margin (Fig. 28 F).</p><p>Size. BL: 14.3 mm; HL: 2.9 mm, HW: 3.2 mm, ML: 3.7 mm.</p><p>Biological notes.</p><p>Libelloides sibiricus inhabits inland grasslands and is particularly common on rocky hills and in calcareous grasslands (Fig. 37 G). Adults mainly emerge from April to May in South Korea. They are diurnal and can be observed flying actively or resting on grass stems during the daytime (Fig. 33 A). More than 20 eggs are laid on substrates like dry grass stems in grasslands (Fig. 29 B). At the oviposition site, hatched larvae can be found clustered together or scattered nearby (Fig. 34 A). The larvae are ambush hunters with only one specimen collected from under a rock on a rocky hill (Fig. 36 H).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Korea, China, Russia (Wang et al. 2018).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>van der Weele (1909) reported specimens collected from Wonsan-si (Gangwon-do, North Korea) identified as Libelloides sibiricus . Based on morphological differences between specimens from China, he also described Libelloides sibiricus chinensis (van der Weele, 1909) as a new subspecies. A variation in which the yellow parts of the wings are white is known from Russia (van der Weele, 1909), but this variation has not been observed in Korea.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/224871AD886052FDA6D20D7144BFC811	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kim, Jiseung;Ahn, Neung-Ho;Kim, Sora	Kim, Jiseung, Ahn, Neung-Ho, Kim, Sora (2025): A taxonomic review of the family Myrmeleontidae Latreille (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontiformia) from the Korean peninsula, highlighting the conservation value of this family. ZooKeys 1262: 97-174, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1262.163194
E818B5F58C2259988FDDD2969000983D.text	E818B5F58C2259988FDDD2969000983D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myrmeleon bore (Tjeder 1941)	<div><p>Myrmeleon bore (Tjeder, 1941)</p><p>Figs 9, 10, 35 D, 36 C, 37 B</p><p>Grocus bore Tjeder, 1941: 74. Type locality: Sweden: Kalmar: Öland: Byrum.</p><p>Enza otiosus Navás, 1912: 114 . Type locality: Japan.</p><p>Myrmeleon bore (Tjeder, 1941): Meinander 1962: 71.</p><p>Morter bore (Tjeder, 1941): Friheden 1973: 32.</p><p>Myrmeleon exigus Yang, 1999: 148. Type locality: China: Fujian: Dongshan.</p><p>Myrmeleon tschernovi Krivokhatsky, Shapoval &amp; Shapoval, 2014: 173. Type locality: Russia: Kaliningrad: Curonian Spit: field station “ Fringilla ”.</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>[JBNU] • 1 ♂, Oeseonmi-ri, Onjeong-myeon, Uljin-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea, 9. VII. 2022, J. S. Kim ; • 4 ♀, Sindu-ri, Wonbuk-myeon, Taean-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, 20. VIII. 2022, J. S. Kim ; • 1 ♀, Sindu-ri, Wonbuk-myeon, Taean-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, 17. VI. 2023, J. S. Kim ; • 1 ♂ (reared from larva), Sindu-ri, Wonbuk-myeon, Taean-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, 18. VI. 2023, J. S. Kim ; • 1 ♀, Yulji-ri, Susan-myeon, Jecheon-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea, 24. VI. 2023, J. S. Kim ; • 2 ♂ 1 ♀, Oeseonmi-ri, Onjeong-myeon, Uljin-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea, 13. VII. 2024, J. S. Kim ; • 1 ♂, Naewol-ri, Bigeum-myeon, Sinan-gun, 26. VII. 2024, M. K. Jeong ;; • 1 ♂, Sindu-ri, Wonbuk-myeon, Taean-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, 31. VII. 2024, J. S. Kim ; • 1 ♂, Gorangpo-ri, Jangnam-myeon, Yeoncheon-gun, Gyeonggi-do, 9. VIII. 2024, Y. T. Jang ; • 1 ♀, Samgot-ri, Jung-myeon, Yeoncheon-gun, Gyeonggi-do, 10. VIII. 2024, Y. T. Jang ; • 1 ♂ 3 ♀, Seopo-ri, Deokjeok-myeon, Ongjin-gun, Incheon, Korea, 13. VIII. 2024, J. S. Kim ; • 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Gureom-ri, Deokjeok-myeon, Ongjin-gun, Incheon, Korea, 14. VIII. 2024, J. S. Kim ; • 2 ♂ 4 ♀, Gureom-ri, Deokjeok-myeon, Ongjin-gun, Incheon, Korea, 15. VIII. 2024, J. S. Kim ; • 2 ♂, Gilgok-ri, Maehwa-myeon, Uljin-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea, 7. IX. 2024, J. S. Kim ; • 3 larvae (3 rd instar), Sindu-ri, Wonbuk-myeon, Taean-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, 18. VI. 2023, J. S. Kim ; • 2 larvae (3 rd instar), Samgeum-ri, Geumgangsong-myeon, Uljin-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea, 5. VI. 2024, J. S. Kim ; • 2 larvae (3 rd instar), Seopo-ri, Deokjeok-myeon, Ongjin-gun, Incheon, Korea, 13. VIII. 2024, J. S. Kim ; 1 larva (3 rd instar), Gureom-ri, Deokjeok-myeon, Ongjin-gun, Incheon, Korea, 15. VIII. 2024, J. S. Kim ; • 2 larvae (2 nd and 3 rd instar), Goeok-ri, Yongjin-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk-do, Korea, 8. III. 2025, Y. T. Jang .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Myrmeleon bore is similar to M. formicarius in general appearance. The two species can be distinguished by differences in the Banksian line, the pilula axillaris, and the larval hind coxa. In M. bore, the posterior Banksian lines in the forewings are distinct, while they are indistinct in M. formicarius . Myrmeleon bore has a pilula axillaris in males, whereas it is absent in M. formicarius . Unlike the larvae of M. formicarius, which have some dark markings on the hind coxa, the larvae of M. bore have no such markings.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male, adult. Head (Fig. 9 B, C). Vertex wide, strongly raised, black, moderately covered with short black hairs, with sparse long hyaline hairs anteriorly. Frons black; clypeus yellow, with black marking extending from frons. Antenna black, short, with slightly defined club, densely covered with short black hairs; flagellum comprising ~ 30 flagellomeres. Mouthparts yellowish brown; labrum yellowish brown, with several black hairs; maxillary palpus mostly dark brown; labial palpus mostly dark brown, spindle-shaped.</p><p>Thorax (Fig. 9 C). Pronotum broad, length shorter than width, dark brown, with yellow anterior corners, with hyaline hairs and long black hairs. Mesonotum dark brown, darker anteriorly, with yellowish white hairs. Metanotum dark brown, with pair of yellow spots at the middle, with yellowish white hairs.</p><p>Legs. Coxae dark brown, moderately covered with long brown hairs. Femora yellow, moderately covered with black setae. Tibiae yellow; moderately covered with black setae; foretibia largely dark brown; midtibia dark brown at distal end; hind tibia dark brown at distal end and ventral surface. Tibial spurs reddish brown, short, almost straight, approximately as long as length of tarsomere 1. Tarsi dark brown, tarsomere 5 shorter than combined lengths of tarsomeres 1–4; claws reddish brown; short; curved.</p><p>Wings (Fig. 9 A). Without marking. Forewing veins and crossveins mostly dark brown; presectoral area with 6–8 crossveins; RP arising beyond CuA fork; CuP supporting one cell before fusing with 1 A; 3 A fused with 2 A; pterostigma yellowish white; anterior Banksian line indistinct, posterior Banksian line distinct. Hindwings shorter and narrower than forewings; presectoral area with five crossveins; RP arising beyond MP fork; pterostigma yellowish white; anterior Banksian line absent, posterior Banksian line distinct; male with pilula axillaris.</p><p>Abdomen (Fig. 9 A). Shorter than hindwing, dark brown, densely covered with hyaline hairs.</p><p>Genitalia (Fig. 9 D, E, H – K). Ectoproct rectangular in lateral view, covered with long black setae. Sternite IX narrow, covered with long black setae. Gonarcus brown, arched, with long lateral arms. Mediuncus well sclerotized, black, waterdrop-shaped in lateral view. Parameres well sclerotized, dark brown, triangular in ventral view.</p><p>Size. BL: 21.1–28.7 mm; FWL: 22.8–30.2 mm; HWL: 21.0– 28.6 mm.</p><p>Female, adult. Except terminalia, generally similar to male. Pilula axillaris absent. Terminalia (Fig. 9 F, G): tergite VIII wider than tergite IX; tergite IX narrow, semicircular in lateral view; ectoproct semicircular in lateral view; lateral gonapophyses semicircular in lateral view, smaller than ectoproct; posterior gonapophyses short; with long black setae; anterior gonapophyses small, with long black setae; pregenital plate distinct, semicircular, presented on posterior margin of sternite VII.</p><p>Size. BL: 24.5–27.3 mm; FWL: 26.8–32.9 mm; HWL: 24.2–30.6 mm.</p><p>Larva, 3 rd instar. General color yellowish brown, with dark brown markings (Fig. 10 A – C). Head triangular, longer than wide, with an anterior large dark marking and a V-shaped dark brown marking on dorsal side, with a pair of dark brown spots on ventral side; with a pair of dark brown spots in lateral side; mandibles yellowish brown; interdental mandibular setae (5) (2–3) (1–3) (1); external setae long (Fig. 10 D, E). Abdominal sternite VIII with long black setae. Abdominal sternite IX with sparse ventral digging setae and four short digging setae in front of rastra; a paired rastra each with four digging setae (Fig. 10 F).</p><p>Size. BL: 8.7 mm; HL: 2.1 mm, HW: 1.5 mm, ML: 2.3 mm.</p><p>Biological notes.</p><p>Myrmeleon bore is a species that is frequently observed around sandy environments throughout South Korea (Fig. 37 B) with adults emerging from June. Larvae are pit builders. They were collected in various sandy environments such as coastal dunes, riverbanks, and dried-up valleys (Fig. 36 C).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Korea, Japan, China, Russia, Uzbekistan, Europe (Stange 2004; Sekimoto 2014).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Myrmeleon bore was first reported from Korea by Kuwayama (1959). Enza otiosus Navás, 1912 has been considered a synonym of M. bore by Stange (2004), Sekimoto (2014), and Wang et al. (2018). However, based on the priority of the nomenclature of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999), M. bore should be treated as a synonym of M. otiosus . The relationship between both species needs further research because the type localities of E. otiosus (holotype in Japan) and M. bore (syntypes in Sweden and Norway) are a great distance apart (Hassan et al. 2022).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E818B5F58C2259988FDDD2969000983D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kim, Jiseung;Ahn, Neung-Ho;Kim, Sora	Kim, Jiseung, Ahn, Neung-Ho, Kim, Sora (2025): A taxonomic review of the family Myrmeleontidae Latreille (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontiformia) from the Korean peninsula, highlighting the conservation value of this family. ZooKeys 1262: 97-174, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1262.163194
CC882A2F362455819991EB17F04C3E2D.text	CC882A2F362455819991EB17F04C3E2D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myrmeleon formicarius Linnaenus 1767	<div><p>Myrmeleon formicarius Linnaeus, 1767</p><p>Figs 11, 12, 35 E, 36 D, 37 B</p><p>Myrmeleon formicarius Linnaenus, 1767: 914 . Type locality: Europe.</p><p>Hemerobius formicalynx Linnaeus, 1758: 550. Type locality: Africa.</p><p>Myrmeleon neutrus Fischer von Waldheim, 1822: 51. Type locality: Russia: Siberia, Nerchinsk.</p><p>Myrmeleon innotatus Rambur, 1842: 406. Type locality: Hungary.</p><p>Myrmeleon nigrivenosus Okamoto, 1905: 116. Type locality: Japan: near Sapporo.</p><p>Myrmeleon formicarius formicarius Linnaeus, 1767: Steinmann 1963: 216.</p><p>Myrmeleon formicarius nigrilabrus Steinmann, 1963: 216. Type locality: Hungary: Vértes.</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>[JBNU] • 1 ♀ (reared from larva), Changwon-ri, Nam-myeon, Yeongwol-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea, 25. VI. 2023, J. S. Kim ; • 1 ♂, Palmi-ri, Sindong-myeon, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Korea, 14. V. 2024, J. S. Kim ; • 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Changwon-ri, Nam-myeon, Yeongwol-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea, 18. V. 2024, J. S. Kim ; • 1 ♀, Changwon-ri, Nam-myeon, Yeongwol-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea, 12. VI. 2024, J. S. Kim ; • 1 ♀, Gilgok-ri, Maehwa-myeon, Uljin-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea, 21. VI. 2024, Y. T. Jang ; 1 larva (3 rd instar), Yulji-ri, Susan-myeon, Jecheon-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 24. VI. 2023 , 1 larva (3 rd instar), Changwon-ri, Nam-myeon, Yeongwol-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea, 25. VI. 2023, J. S. Kim ; • 2 larvae (3 rd instar), Changwon-ri, Nam-myeon, Yeongwol-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea, 12. VI. 2024, J. S. Kim .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Compared to other species in the genus Myrmeleon, M. formicarius has the morphological characteristics of an indistinct posterior Banksian line in the forewing, the femora being approximately half reddish orange, a mostly pale yellow MA in both the forewings and hindwings, and the pilula axillaris is absent. Larvae of M. formicarius have some dark markings on the hind coxa. Abdominal sternite IX with four short digging setae and two short rastra each with four digging setae.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male, adult. Head (Fig. 11 B, C). Vertex wide, strongly raised, black. Frons black, with short hyaline hairs; clypeus yellow, with black marking extending from frons to ventral 4 / 5. Antenna black, short, with slightly defined club, covered with short black hairs; flagellum comprising ~ 35 flagellomeres. Mouthparts dark brown; labrum dark brown, with several brown hairs; maxillary palpus dark brown; labial palpus dark brown, spindle-shaped.</p><p>Thorax (Fig. 11 B). Pronotum broad, length shorter than width, dark brown, with yellow anterior corners, with hyaline hairs and long lateral black hairs. Mesonotum and metanotum dark brown; with long yellowish white hairs.</p><p>Legs. Coxae dark brown, moderately covered with long yellowish white hairs. Femora reddish orange; dark brown on distal 1 / 2; moderately covered with black setae. Tibiae dark brown; moderately covered with black setae. Tibial spurs reddish brown, short, almost straight, approximately as long as length of Ta 1. Tarsi dark brown, Tarsomere 5 shorter than combined lengths of tarsomeres 1–4; claws reddish brown.</p><p>Wings (Fig. 11 A). Without marking. Forewings veins and crossveins dark brown and pale yellow; presectoral area with 10–13 crossveins; RP arising beyond CuA fork; CuP supporting one cell before fusing with 1 A; 3 A fused with 2 A; pterostigma yellowish white; anterior Banksian line indistinct, posterior Banksian line indistinct. Hindwing shorter and narrower than forewing; presectoral area with 5–7 crossveins; RP arising beyond MP fork; pterostigma yellowish white; anterior Banksian line indistinct, posterior Banksian line indistinct; male without pilula axillaris.</p><p>Abdomen (Fig. 11 A). Shorter than hindwing, dark brown, densely covered with short black hairs and hyaline hairs.</p><p>Genitalia (Fig. 11 D, E, H – K). Ectoproct semicircular, covered with long black setae. Sternite IX narrow, covered with long black setae. Gonarcus dark brown, arched, with long lateral arms. Mediuncus lightly sclerotized, dark brown, strongly hooked in lateral view. Parameres well sclerotized, black, rectangular in ventral view.</p><p>Size. BL: 29.9–31.1 mm; FWL: 35.1–36.0 mm; HWL: 32.3–33.7 mm.</p><p>Female, adult. Except terminalia, generally similar to male. Terminalia (Fig. 11 F, G): tergite VIII wider than tergite IX; tergite IX narrow, semicircular in lateral view; ectoproct semicircular in lateral view; lateral gonapophyses semicircular in lateral view, smaller than ectoproct; posterior gonapophyses long, with long black setae; anterior gonapophyses small, with long black setae; pregenital plate distinct, rectangular, presented on posterior margin of sternite VII.</p><p>Size. BL: 29.3–33.1 mm; FWL: 36.3–39.3 mm; HWL: 33.4–36.8 mm.</p><p>Larva, 3 rd instar. General color reddish brown, with dark brown markings (Fig. 12 A – C). Head triangular, longer than wide, with an anterior large dark marking and a V-shaped dark brown marking on dorsal side; with two pairs of dark brown spots on ventral side; with a pair of dark brown spots in lateral side; mandibles reddish brown; interdental mandibular setae (6) (2–4) (2–3) (1); external setae long (Fig. 12 D, E). Hind coxa with some dark markings (Fig. 12 B, C). Abdominal sternite VIII with sparse black setae. Abdominal sternite IX with four short digging setae in front of rastra; a paired rastra each with four digging setae (Fig. 12 F).</p><p>Size. BL: 9.5 mm; HL: 2.6 mm, HW: 2.2 mm, ML: 2.9 mm.</p><p>Biological notes.</p><p>Myrmeleon formicarius is distributed locally in Gangwon-do, Chungcheongbuk-do, and Gyeongsangbuk-do in South Korea (Fig. 37 B), primarily observed around grasslands environments such as logged areas and cemeteries. Adults emerge earlier (from May) than those of other species in South Korea. Larvae are pit builders, collected from dry, fine soil in open grassland environments or on cut slopes beside trails (Fig. 36 D).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Korea, Japan, China, Russia, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Iran, Armenia, Turkey, Egypt, Europe (Sekimoto 2014; Yang et al. 2023).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Myrmeleon formicarius is is widely distributed in the Palaearctic Region; Okamoto (1926) first reported this species from Korea. However, Kuwayama (1959) confirmed only Grocus bore Tjeder, 1941 from Korea and noted that he could not confirm any Korean specimens of M. formicarius . In this study, we confirm the presence of M. formicarius in Korea and report it with a detailed description and illustrations.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC882A2F362455819991EB17F04C3E2D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kim, Jiseung;Ahn, Neung-Ho;Kim, Sora	Kim, Jiseung, Ahn, Neung-Ho, Kim, Sora (2025): A taxonomic review of the family Myrmeleontidae Latreille (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontiformia) from the Korean peninsula, highlighting the conservation value of this family. ZooKeys 1262: 97-174, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1262.163194
638D5ADD290459708E8F8EEA2CCA0C05.text	638D5ADD290459708E8F8EEA2CCA0C05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myrmeleon immanis Walker 1853	<div><p>Myrmeleon immanis Walker, 1853</p><p>Figs 13, 14, 35 F, 36 E, 37 B</p><p>Myrmeleon immanis Walker, 1853: 381. Type locality: China.</p><p>Myrmeleon medialis Navás, 1932: 110. Type locality: Russia: Buryatiya: Chikoy.</p><p>Myrmeleon procubitalis Navás, 1935: 41. Type locality: Russia: Buryatiya: Chikoy.</p><p>Grocus pallens Hölzel, 1970 b: 255 . Type locality: Mongolia: Bulgan.</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>[ JBNU] • 3 ♂ 2 ♀, Sindu-ri, Wonbuk-myeon, Taean-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea, 20. VIII. 2022, J. S. Kim ; • 2 ♂, Sindu-ri, Wonbuk-myeon, Taean-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea, 17. VI. 2023, J. S. Kim ; • 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (reared from larva), Sindu-ri, Wonbuk-myeon, Taean-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea, 18. VI. 2023, J. S. Kim ; • 1 ♀, Sindu-ri, Wonbuk-myeon, Taean-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea, 31. VII. 2024, J. S. Kim ; • 3 larvae (3 rd instar), Sindu-ri, Wonbuk-myeon, Taean-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea, 18. VI. 2023, J. S. Kim .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>In Myrmeleon immanis, wing veins and crossveins are yellowish brown. The pronotum has yellow anterior and lateral margins that form an M-shaped yellow marking. The vertex has yellow markings, while in M. bore and M. formicarius, the vertex is only black. In larvae, abdominal sternite IX has dense short digging setae in front of the rastra.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male, adult. Head (Fig. 13 B, C). Vertex wide, slightly raised, reddish brown. Frons dark brown, with yellow spot at middle; clypeus yellow, with long pale brown hairs. Antenna dark brown, short, with slightly defined club, densely covered with short black hairs; flagellum comprising ~ 30 flagellomeres. Mouthparts brown; labrum yellow, with several hyaline black hairs; maxillary palpus brown; labial palpus brown, spindle-shaped.</p><p>Thorax (Fig. 13 C). Pronotum broad, length shorter than width, dark brown, yellow anterior and lateral margins forming M-shaped yellow marking, covered with hyaline hairs. Mesonotum and metanotum dark brown, covered with several hyaline hairs.</p><p>Legs. Coxae moderately covered with long white hairs; forecoxae mostly yellowish brown, midcoxa and hind coxa dark brown. Femora mostly yellowish brown, partly dark brown; moderately covered with black hairs. Tibiae yellowish brown; moderately covered with black hairs. Tibial spurs reddish brown proximally, dark brown distally, short, almost straight, in forelegs and midlegs approximately as long as combined lengths of tarsomeres 1–4, in hindleg approximately as long as length of tarsomere 1. Tarsi yellowish white, tarsomere 5 as long as combined lengths of tarsomeres 1–4; claws reddish brown.</p><p>Wings (Fig. 13 A). Without markings. Forewings veins and crossveins yellowish brown; presectoral area with seven or eight crossveins; RP arising beyond CuA fork; CuP supporting one cell before fusing with 1 A; 2 A fused with 3 A; pterostigma white; anterior Banksian line absent, posterior Banksian line distinct. Hindwing shorter and narrower than forewing; anterior Banksian lines absent; presectoral area with five crossveins; RP arising beyond MP fork; pterostigma white; posterior Banksian lines distinct; male with pilula axillaris.</p><p>Abdomen (Fig. 13 A). Shorter than hindwing, dark brown, densely covered with short hyaline hairs.</p><p>Genitalia (Fig. 13 D, E, H – K). Ectoproct rectangular, covered with long black setae. Sternite IX narrow, covered with long black setae. Gonarcus pale brown, arched, with long lateral arms. Mediuncus well sclerotized, black, rectangular in ventral view. Parameres well sclerotized, black, triangular in ventral view.</p><p>Size. BL: 21.8–24.6 mm; FWL: 22.7–25.7 mm; HWL: 21.0– 23.4 mm.</p><p>Female, adult. Except terminalia, generally similar to male. Pilula axillaris absent. Terminalia (Fig. 13 F – G): tergite VIII wider than tergite IX; tergite IX narrow, triangular in lateral view; ectoproct semicircular in lateral view; lateral gonapophyses semicircular in lateral view, smaller than ectoproct; posterior gonapophyses long; with long black setae; anterior gonapophyses small, with long black setae; pregenital plate distinct, semicircular, presented on posterior margin of sternite VII.</p><p>Size. BL: 21.8–24.6 mm; FWL: 22.7–25.7 mm; HWL: 21.0– 23.4 mm.</p><p>Larva, 3 rd instar. General color yellowish white, with dark brown markings (Fig. 14 A – C). Head triangular, longer than wide, with an anterior pair of spots and a pale V-shaped marking on dorsal side; with a pair of dark brown spots on ventral side; with a pair of dark brown spots in lateral side; mandibles yellowish white; interdental mandibular setae (7–9) (3) (2) (1); external setae long (Fig. 14 D, E). Legs yellowish white (Fig. 14 B, C). Abdominal sternite VIII with sparse black setae. Abdominal sternite IX with short dense digging setae in front of rastra; a paired rastra each with four digging setae (Fig. 14 F).</p><p>Size. BL: 7.8 mm; HL: 1.8 mm, HW: 1.5 mm, ML: 1.9 mm.</p><p>Biological notes.</p><p>Myrmeleon immanis is distributed some coastal environments of Chungcheongnam-do in South Korea (Fig. 37 B). This species has been observed around sandy environments with well-developed coastal dunes. Adults emerge from June in South Korea. Larvae are pit builders. Unlike the larvae of M. bore, which are observed in various sandy environments, the larvae of this species were collected restrictively only in foredunes where Leymus ( Poaceae) grows (Fig. 36 E).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Korea (new record), China, Russia, Mongolia, Romania, Indochina (Wang et al. 2018).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Myrmeleon immanis is the smallest species of the genus in Korea. In Japan, a morphologically similar species, Myrmeleon solers Walker, 1853, is known to be distributed. Although M. solers has also been recorded from China by Kuwayama (1959), according to Wang et al. (2018), Chinese specimens of the could not be confirmed, suggesting the possibility that M. solers is an endemic species to Japan.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/638D5ADD290459708E8F8EEA2CCA0C05	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kim, Jiseung;Ahn, Neung-Ho;Kim, Sora	Kim, Jiseung, Ahn, Neung-Ho, Kim, Sora (2025): A taxonomic review of the family Myrmeleontidae Latreille (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontiformia) from the Korean peninsula, highlighting the conservation value of this family. ZooKeys 1262: 97-174, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1262.163194
CDDAE2C470805E16A4B144F0D319AEBC.text	CDDAE2C470805E16A4B144F0D319AEBC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myrmeleon Linnaeus 1767	<div><p>Genus Myrmeleon Linnaeus, 1767</p><p>Myrmeleon Linnaeus, 1767: 913. Type species: Myrmeleon formicarius Linnaeus, 1767 . Type locality: Europe.</p><p>Macroleon Banks, 1909: 4.</p><p>Enza Navás, 1912 a: 113 .</p><p>Myrmeleodes Navás, 1912 b: 242 .</p><p>Moreyus Navás, 1914 c: 55 .</p><p>Morter Navás, 1915 a: 466 .</p><p>Neleon Navás, 1915 b: 53 .</p><p>Neseurus Navás, 1916: 53.</p><p>Myrmeleonellus Esben-Petersen, 1918 b: 17 .</p><p>Leptoleon Esben-Petersen, 1918 b: 18 .</p><p>Cocius Navás, 1919 b: 296 .</p><p>Dicholeon Navás, 1920: 193.</p><p>Tafanerus Navás, 1921: 62.</p><p>Talosus Navás, 1923 a: 35 .</p><p>Banya Navás, 1923 c: 145 .</p><p>Grocus Navás, 1925: 185.</p><p>Colinus Navás, 1925: 187.</p><p>Afroleon Navás, 1927 a: 13 .</p><p>Neurocolinus Navás, 1930 c: 42 .</p><p>Nemeyus Navás, 1934 a: 502 .</p><p>Nezuela Navás, 1934 b: 155 .</p><p>Bordus Navás, 1936 a: 165 .</p><p>Congoleon Navás, 1936 a: 337 .</p><p>Hypsoleon Navás, 1936 b: 103 .</p><p>Nelneja Navás, 1936 c: 104 .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Adult. Medium to large sized antlions; wing without marking; forewing presectoral area with ~ 5–10 crossveins; forewing vein RP arising opposite or beyond CuA fork; forewing vein 2 A fused with 3 A; hindwing presectoral area usually with five crossveins; hindwing vein RP arising opposite or beyond MP fork; male usually with pilula axillaris; tibial spurs approximately as long as Ta 1 (Sekimoto 2014). Third instar larva. Mandibles with three equidistant teeth with the apical tooth slightly longer; external margin of the mandibles provided with long setae; labial palpi normally four-articulate; abdominal sternite VIII provided with odontoid processes; abdominal sternite IX at least with an anterior row group of digging setae and two short rastra each with four digging setae, some species with additional digging setae (Badano and Pantaleoni 2014 a).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Cosmopolitan (Badano and Pantaleoni 2014 a).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CDDAE2C470805E16A4B144F0D319AEBC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kim, Jiseung;Ahn, Neung-Ho;Kim, Sora	Kim, Jiseung, Ahn, Neung-Ho, Kim, Sora (2025): A taxonomic review of the family Myrmeleontidae Latreille (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontiformia) from the Korean peninsula, highlighting the conservation value of this family. ZooKeys 1262: 97-174, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1262.163194
C07DF5537D185967AEA250FB66B0B21F.text	C07DF5537D185967AEA250FB66B0B21F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nepsalus jezoensis (Okamoto 1910)	<div><p>Nepsalus jezoensis (Okamoto, 1910)</p><p>Figs 16, 17, 35 G, 36 F, 37 C</p><p>Dendroleon jezoensis Okamoto, 1910: 280. Type locality: Japan: Honshu: Kanto: Tochigi: Nikko.</p><p>Glenurus jezoensis Matsumura, 1908: 41. nom. nud.</p><p>Gatzara jezoensis (Okamoto, 1910): Miller et al. 1999: 52.</p><p>Nepsalus jezoensis (Okamoto, 1910): Zheng et al. 2022: 17.</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>[ JBNU] 1 ♀, Samjung-ri, Macheon-myeon, Hamyang-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea, 17. IX. 2022, J. S. Kim ; • 1 ♀ (reared form larva), Naejang-dong, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk-do, Korea, 14. VII. 2023, J. S. Kim ; • 7 ♂ 2 ♀ (reared form pupa), Jungsan-ri, Sicheon-myeon, Sancheong-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea, 25. VI. 2024, J. S. Kim ; • 1 ♂, Oeseonmi-ri, Onjeong-myeon, Uljin-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea, 13. VII. 2024, J. S. Kim ; • 1 ♀, Sa-ri, Heuksan-myeon, Sinan-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea, 3. IX. 2024, J. S. Kim ; 1 larva (3 rd instar), Naejang-dong, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk-do, Korea, 14. VII. 2023, J. S. Kim ; • 3 larvae (2 nd and 3 rd instar), Wongi-ri, Gui-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk-do, Korea, 8. III. 2025, J. S. Kim ; 1 larva (2 nd instar), Gaegok-ri, Daechi-myeon, Cheongyang-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea, 15. III. 2025, J. S. Kim ; 1 larva (2 nd instar), Gwangdae-ri, Daechi-myeon, Cheongyang-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea, 16. III. 2025, J. S. Kim ; 1 larva (3 rd instar), Wongi-ri, Gui-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk-do, Korea, 29. III. 2025, J. S. Kim .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Nepsalus jezoensis is is similar to Nepsalus insularum Hayashi, Saito &amp; Matsumoto, 2024 from southern Japan (Amamio, Okinawa, Kume, and Ishigaki islands) in general appearance. These two species can be distinguished by differences in the patterns on their wings, pronotum, and abdomen. In N. jezoensis, the forewing cubital area with an arcuate dark brown marking fused with a large brown spot, while they are not fused in N. insularum . Nepsalus insularum has wider blackish markings on the thorax, and larger dark brown markings on the abdomen. In larvae, the mandibles are equipped with five or six pseudo-teeth, and the legs are pale brown distally (Hayashi et al. 2024).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male, adult. Head (Fig. 16 B, C). Vertex slightly narrow, moderately raised, yellowish white. Frons yellow, with broad dark brown band at middle; clypeus yellow, with long black hairs. Antenna dark brown, slightly long, with slightly defined club, densely covered with short black hairs; flagellum comprising ~ 35 flagellomeres. Mouthparts yellow; labrum yellow, with dark and brown hairs; maxillary palpus yellowish brown; labial palpus yellowish brown.</p><p>Thorax (Fig. 16 C). Pronotum slender, longer than broad, yellowish white, with slender dark brown longitudinal median stripe. Mesonotum and metanotum yellowish white, with dark spot at middle.</p><p>Legs. Coxae yellow, moderately covered with long black hairs. Femora mostly dark brown; partly yellow; moderately covered with black setae. Tibiae mostly dark brown; partly yellow; densely covered with short black hairs. Tibial spurs yellowish brown, long, slight curved, approximately as long as combined lengths of tarsomeres 1 and 2. Tarsi pale brown, tarsomere 5 shorter than combined lengths of tarsomeres 1–4; claws reddish brown, opposable.</p><p>Wings (Fig. 16 A). With brown markings. Forewings veins and crossveins mostly brown; presectoral area with 3–5 crossveins; RP arising before CuA fork; CuP supporting one or two cells before fusing with 1 A; 2 A and 3 A separate, connected by one crossvein; pterostigma white; anterior Banksian line distinct, posterior Banksian line absent. Hindwing approximately as long as forewing, narrower than forewing, with small brown markings along posterior margin; presectoral area with one crossvein; RP arising before MP fork; pterostigma white; anterior Banksian line distinct, posterior Banksian line absent; male with pilula axillaris.</p><p>Abdomen (Fig. 16 A). Shorter than hindwing, yellowish white, moderately covered with black hairs.</p><p>Genitalia (Fig. 16 D, E, H – K). Ectoproct rectangular, covered with long black setae. Sternite IX narrow, covered with long black setae. Gonarcus yellowish brown, arched. Mediuncus lightly sclerotized, reddish brown, strongly raised. Parameres broad, dark brown posteriorly, well sclerotized posteriorly.</p><p>Size. BL: 18.2–21.8 mm; FWL: 23.2–26.7 mm; HWL: 22.1–26.1 mm.</p><p>Female, adult. Except terminalia, generally similar to male. Pilula axillaris absent. Terminalia (Fig. 16 F, G): tergite VIII wider than tergite IX; tergite IX narrow, rectangular in lateral view; ectoproct semicircular in lateral view; a pair of gonapophyses present below tergite IX; lateral gonapophyses semicircular in lateral view, smaller than ectoproct; posterior gonapophyses long, with long black setae; anterior gonapophyses long, with long black setae; pregenital plate distinct, small, triangular, presented on membrane below tergite VIII.</p><p>Size. BL: 20.8–23.5 mm; FWL: 25.1–30.9 mm; HWL: 24.9–30.1 mm.</p><p>Larva, 3 rd instar. General color pale brown and pale green, with dark brown markings (Fig. 17 A – C). Head rectangular, longer than wide, with a triangular dark brown spot anteriorly and a pair of dark brown spots on dorsal side; without marking on ventral side; with a pair of dark brown spots in lateral side; mandibles yellowish brown, with five or six pseudo-teeth developed in addition to three normal teeth; external setae short (Fig. 17 D, E). Abdominal sternite VIII with sparse black setae. Abdominal sternite IX with sparse black setae (Fig. 17 F).</p><p>Size. BL: 7.1 mm; HL: 1.9 mm, HW: 1.7 mm, ML: 2.5 mm.</p><p>Biological notes.</p><p>Nepsalus jezoensis is a species observed mainly in mountainous topography throughout South Korea (Fig. 37 C) where adults mainly emerge from July to September. Larvae were collected on rock walls or tree bark where lichens grow densely, and they camouflage their bodies with lichens (Fig. 36 F). In larval habitats, empty cocoons can be easily observed.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Korea, Japan, Russia (Zheng et al. 2022; Hayashi et al. 2024).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species was originally classified in the genus Gatzara Navás, but it was reassigned to the genus Nepsalus Navás by Zheng et al. (2022) based on morphological and genetic analysis.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C07DF5537D185967AEA250FB66B0B21F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kim, Jiseung;Ahn, Neung-Ho;Kim, Sora	Kim, Jiseung, Ahn, Neung-Ho, Kim, Sora (2025): A taxonomic review of the family Myrmeleontidae Latreille (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontiformia) from the Korean peninsula, highlighting the conservation value of this family. ZooKeys 1262: 97-174, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1262.163194
AA1E7393AF975B5F9134240E91922BC1.text	AA1E7393AF975B5F9134240E91922BC1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nepsalus Navas 1914	<div><p>Genus Nepsalus Navás, 1914</p><p>Nepsalus Navás, 1914 a: 250 . Type species: Nepsalus indicus Navás, 1914 . Type locality: Malaysia: Gunong Inas.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Adult. Wings with some broad brown markings; anterior Banksian line present; rhegma area with dark brown spot; forewing cubital area with a brown marking; male pilula axillaris present (Zheng et al. 2022, 2024 b). Third instar larva. Mandible hardly upturned, with pseudo-teeth developed in addition to three normal teeth. Mesothoracic tuft of long hair-like setae absent. Thoracic setiferous processes pedunculated and well developed. Abdomen generally green with many dark brownish markings; a pair of setiferous processes present on each side of abdominal segments 2–7; abdominal sternite VIII without odontoid processes; abdominal sternite IX longer than wide, triangular (Zheng et al. 2022).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Asia (China, India, Japan, Korea peninsula, Malay peninsula, Russia (Far East), Vietnam) (Zheng et al. 2022).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AA1E7393AF975B5F9134240E91922BC1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kim, Jiseung;Ahn, Neung-Ho;Kim, Sora	Kim, Jiseung, Ahn, Neung-Ho, Kim, Sora (2025): A taxonomic review of the family Myrmeleontidae Latreille (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontiformia) from the Korean peninsula, highlighting the conservation value of this family. ZooKeys 1262: 97-174, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1262.163194
BDC5E412785E5B9699032684B165A8F1.text	BDC5E412785E5B9699032684B165A8F1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paraglenurus albiventris Matsumoto, Kikuta & Hayashi 2021	<div><p>Paraglenurus albiventris Matsumoto, Kikuta &amp; Hayashi, 2021</p><p>Figs 22, 30, 37 E</p><p>Paraglenurus albiventris Matsumoto, Kikuta &amp; Hayashi, 2021: 19. Type locality. Japan: Nara: Soni-mura: Kameyama: Taroji.</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>[JBNU] • 1 ♂, Oeseonmi-ri, Onjeong-myeon, Uljin-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea, 27. VII. 2022, J. S. Kim ; • 1 ♀, Samjung-ri, Macheon-myeon, Hamyang-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea, 17. IX. 2022, J. S. Kim ; • 4 ♀, Sindu-ri, Wonbuk-myeon, Taean-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea, 17. VI. 2023, J. S. Kim ; • 1 ♀, Yulji-ri, Susan-myeon, Jecheon-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 24. VI. 2023, J. S. Kim ; • 2 ♀, Woro-ri, Ugok-myeon, Goryeong-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea, 22. VI. 2024, Y. T. Jang ; • 1 ♀, Sangwon-ri, Gachang-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, Korea, 23. VI. 2024, Y. T. Jang ; • 2 ♀, Cheonbu-ri, Buk-myeon, Ulleung-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea, 10. VII. 2024, J. S. Kim ; • 1 ♀, Samgot-ri, Jung-myeon, Yeoncheon-gun, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, 11. VII. 2024, Y. T. Jang ; • 2 ♂, Nambu-ri, Inje-eup, Inje-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea, 28. VII. 2024, Y. T. Jang ; • 3 ♀, Yulji-ri, Susan-myeon, Jecheon-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea, 30. VII. 2024, J. S. Kim ; • 1 ♀, Gureom-ri, Deokjeok-myeon, Ongjin-gun, Incheon, Korea, 15. VIII. 2024, J. S. Kim .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Compared to other species in the genus Paraglenurus, P. albiventris has the morphological characteristics of largely whitish tergites II – V in the male, a usually weak preapical dark brown marking on the hindwing, and a vertex that is very wide and well-developed.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male, adult. Head (Fig. 22 B, C). Vertex wide, strongly raised, reddish brown. Frons yellow, with broad dark brown band extending from below vertex to below base of antenna; clypeus yellow, with long black hairs. Antenna dark brown, long, with slightly defined club, densely covered with short black hairs; flagellum comprising ~ 42 flagellomeres, each flagellomere with distal yellow annulation. Mouthparts yellowish white; labrum yellowish white, with hyaline yellow hairs; maxillary palpus yellow; labial palpus yellow, spindle-shaped.</p><p>Thorax (Fig. 22 C). Pronotum slender, longer than broad, brown, with long brown hairs. Mesonotum and metanotum dark brown, with yellow portions.</p><p>Legs. Coxae yellow, moderately covered with yellow hairs. Femora mostly dark brown, partly brown; moderately covered with black hairs. Tibiae dark brown; moderately covered with black hairs. Tibial spurs dark yellowish brown proximally, reddish brown distally, slightly long, slightly curved, approximately as long as tarsomere 1. Tarsi yellowish brown, tarsomere 5 as long as tarsomere 1; claws brown.</p><p>Wings (Fig. 22 A). With white and dark brown markings. Forewings veins and crossveins dark brown; presectoral area with 10 or 11 pterostigma yellowish white; RP arising beyond CuA fork; CuP supporting one cell before fusing with 1 A; 2 A fused with 3 A; pterostigma white; anterior Banksian lines absent; posterior Banksian lines absent. Hindwing slightly shorter and narrower than forewing; presectoral area with one crossvein; RP arising before MP fork; pterostigma white; anterior Banksian lines absent; posterior Banksian lines absent; male without pilula axillaris.</p><p>Abdomen (Fig. 22 A). Shorter than hindwing, yellowish brown, densely covered with pale brown hairs; tergite II – V largely yellowish white.</p><p>Genitalia (Fig. 22 D, E, H – K). Ectoproct semicircular, with long black setae. Sternite IX narrow, covered with long black setae. Gonarcus brown, arched. Mediuncus lightly sclerotized, brown, moderately hooked in lateral view. Parameres well sclerotized, dark brown, triangular in caudal view.</p><p>Size. BL: 31.7–34.7 mm; FWL: 32.7–34.6 mm; HWL: 32.5–33.3 mm.</p><p>Female, adult. General morphology, except coloration of abdomen and terminalia, almost as in male. Abdomen: dark brown, tergite II – VII each with median triangular pale marking at posterior end; tergites III – V each with pair of large pale spot medially (Fig. 25). Terminalia (Fig. 22 F, G): tergite VIII wider than tergite IX; tergite IX narrow, triangular in lateral view; ectoproct semicircular in lateral view; lateral gonapophyses semicircular in lateral view, smaller than ectoproct; posterior gonapophyses long, curved, with long black setae; anterior gonapophyses absent; pregenital distinct, plate triangular, presented on membrane below tergite VIII.</p><p>Size. BL: 25.8–31.1 mm; FWL: 29.4–36.2 mm; HWL: 28.3–35.2 mm.</p><p>Biological notes.</p><p>Paraglenurus albiventris is a species frequently observed in open environments, such as coastal dunes and inland grasslands, and is distributed throughout South Korea (Fig. 37 E). Adults emerge earlier than other Paraglenurus species in Korea, appearing from June. Larvae are known to be ambush hunters. They were not examined during this study; for details on their ecology, refer to Matsumoto et al. (2021).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Korea (new record), Japan (Matsumoto et al. 2021).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Paraglenurus albiventris was described by Matsumoto et al. (2021) based on specimens from Japan. A taxonomic review of the genus Paraglenurus is needed in countries where it has been previously recorded.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BDC5E412785E5B9699032684B165A8F1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kim, Jiseung;Ahn, Neung-Ho;Kim, Sora	Kim, Jiseung, Ahn, Neung-Ho, Kim, Sora (2025): A taxonomic review of the family Myrmeleontidae Latreille (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontiformia) from the Korean peninsula, highlighting the conservation value of this family. ZooKeys 1262: 97-174, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1262.163194
130B63298FC85220B86F2BDCBC02427F.text	130B63298FC85220B86F2BDCBC02427F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paraglenurus japonicus (McLachlan 1867)	<div><p>Paraglenurus japonicus (McLachlan, 1867)</p><p>Figs 23, 37 E</p><p>Glenurus japonicus McLachlan, 1867: 248. Type locality. Japan</p><p>Glenuroides communis Okamoto, 1910: 295. Type locality: Japan: Nakano.</p><p>Eoleon japonicus (McLachlan, 1867): Navás 1921: 66.</p><p>Paraglenurus japonicus (McLachlan, 1867): Miller and Stange 1999: 60.</p><p>Paraglenurus littoralis Miller &amp; Stange, 1999: 56. Type locality: Taiwan: Ilan County: Hanben Beach.</p><p>Paraglenurus riparius Miller &amp; Stange, 1999: 59. Type locality: Taiwan: Ilan County: Yinshih Bridge.</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>[JBNU] • 1 ♂, Daegok-ri, Janggye-myeon, Jangsu-gun, Jeonbuk-do, Korea, 14. VII. 2022, J. S. Kim ; • 2 ♀, Sindu-ri, Wonbuk-myeon, Taean-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea, 20. VIII. 2022, J. S. Kim ; • 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Oeseonmi-ri, Onjeong-myeon, Uljin-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea, 27. VII. 2022, J. S. Kim ; • 1 ♂ 4 ♀, Samjung-ri, Macheon-myeon, Hamyang-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea, 14. VII. 2023, H. Han ; • 1 ♂ 12 ♀, Yulji-ri, Susan-myeon, Jecheon-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea, 30. VII. 2024, J. S. Kim ; • 7 ♂ 9 ♀, Sindu-ri, Wonbuk-myeon, Taean-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea, 31. VII. 2024, J. S. Kim ; • 1 ♀, Seopo-ri, Deokjeok-myeon, Ongjin-gun, Incheon, Korea, 13. VIII. 2024, J. S. Kim ; • 2 ♂ 4 ♀, Gureom-ri, Deokjeok-myeon, Ongjin-gun, Incheon, Korea, 14. VIII. 2024, J. S. Kim ; • 4 ♂ 11 ♀, Gureom-ri, Deokjeok-myeon, Ongjin-gun, Incheon, Korea, 15. VIII. 2024, J. S. Kim ; • 1 ♂, Gancheok-ri, Gandong-myeon, Hwacheon-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea, 23. VIII. 2024, J. S. Kim ; • 1 ♂, Gilgok-ri, Maehwa-myeon, Uljin-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea, 28. VIII. 2024, J. S. Kim ; • 1 ♂ 3 ♀, Ye-ri, Heuksan-myeon, Sinan-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea, 2. IX. 2024, J. S. Kim ; • 1 ♂, Gilgok-ri, Maehwa-myeon, Uljin-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea, 7. IX. 2024, J. S. Kim ; • 1 ♂, Dae-ri, Yeonghae-myeon, Yeongdeok-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea, 20. VII. 2024, H. Han .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Compared to other species in the genus Paraglenurus, P. japonicus has the morphological characteristics of the apex of each flagellum being slightly pale yellow starting from the apical ~ 1 / 4 of the antenna, with a usually distinct preapical dark brown marking on the hindwing and an adjacent white marking that is indistinct and oval-shaped.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male, adult. Head (Fig. 23 B, C). Vertex narrow, weakly raised, reddish brown. Frons yellowish brown, with broad dark brown band extending from below vertex to below base of antenna; clypeus yellow, with long black hairs. Antenna dark brown, long, with slightly defined club, densely covered with short black hairs; flagellum comprising ~ 45 flagellomeres, each flagellomere with distal yellow annulation. Mouthparts reddish brown; labrum reddish brown, with hyaline brown hairs; maxillary palpus yellowish brown; labial palpus yellowish brown, spindle-shaped.</p><p>Thorax (Fig. 23 C). Pronotum slender, longer than broad, brown, with long brown hairs. Mesonotum and metanotum dark brown, with yellow portions.</p><p>Legs. Coxae yellow, moderately covered with yellow hairs. Femora mostly dark brown, partly brown; moderately covered with black hairs. Tibiae dark brown; moderately covered with black hairs. Tibial spurs dark brown, slightly long, slightly curved, approximately as long as tarsomere 1. Tarsi yellowish brown, tarsomere 5 slightly longer than tarsomere 1; claws brown.</p><p>Wings (Fig. 23 A). With white and dark brown markings. Forewings veins and crossveins dark brown; presectoral area with 10 or 11 crossveins; RP arising beyond CuA fork; CuP supporting one cell before fusing with 1 A; 2 A fused with 3 A fused; pterostigma white; anterior Banksian lines absent; posterior Banksian lines absent. Hindwing slightly longer and narrower than forewing; presectoral area with one crossvein; RP arising before MP fork; pterostigma white; anterior Banksian lines absent; posterior Banksian lines absent; male without pilula axillaris.</p><p>Abdomen (Fig. 23 A). Shorter than hindwing, dark brown, posterior margin of tergites II – VII bordered with yellow, tergites III – V sometimes with median yellow marking, densely covered with brown hairs.</p><p>Genitalia (Fig. 23 D, E, H – K). Ectoproct semicircular, covered with long black setae. Sternite IX narrow, covered with long black setae. Gonarcus brown, arched. Mediuncus brown, lightly sclerotized, lightly hooked in lateral view. Parameres well sclerotized, reddish brown, triangular in caudal view.</p><p>Size. BL: 27.3–38.5 mm; FWL: 29.8–37.3 mm; HWL: 30.1–37.4 mm.</p><p>Female, adult. General morphology, except head and terminalia, almost as in male. Head: vertex slightly narrow, strongly raised. Terminalia (Fig. 23 F, G): tergite VIII wider than tergite IX; tergite IX narrow, triangular in lateral view; ectoproct semicircular in lateral view; lateral gonapophyses semicircular in lateral view, smaller than ectoproct; posterior gonapophyses long, curved, with long black setae; anterior gonapophyses absent; pregenital distinct, plate triangular, presented on membrane below tergite VIII.</p><p>Size. BL: 27.5–31.2 mm; FWL: 31.7–39.4 mm; HWL: 31.9–40.9 mm.</p><p>Biological notes.</p><p>Paraglenurus japonicus is a species that is commonly observed throughout South Korea. It is observed in various environments, from coastal dunes to inland grasslands and mountains (Fig. 37 E). Adults emerge from July to September in South Korea. Larva are known to be ambush hunters but were not examined during this study; for details on their ecology, refer to Matsumoto et al. (2021).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Korea, Japan, Taiwan, Russia. However, their Paraglenurus japonicus includes multiple species described in past studies; therefore, past distributional records outside Korea and Japan need to be confirmed (Matsumoto et al. 2021).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Paraglenurus japonicus is a species with large morphological variation in size and the pattern of its wing markings.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/130B63298FC85220B86F2BDCBC02427F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kim, Jiseung;Ahn, Neung-Ho;Kim, Sora	Kim, Jiseung, Ahn, Neung-Ho, Kim, Sora (2025): A taxonomic review of the family Myrmeleontidae Latreille (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontiformia) from the Korean peninsula, highlighting the conservation value of this family. ZooKeys 1262: 97-174, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1262.163194
B27B317B807D56A0A73AF30DCAC8A207.text	B27B317B807D56A0A73AF30DCAC8A207.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paraglenurus melanostictus Matsumoto, Kikuta & Hayashi 2021	<div><p>Paraglenurus melanostictus Matsumoto, Kikuta &amp; Hayashi, 2021</p><p>Figs 24, 37 E</p><p>Paraglenurus melanostictus Matsumoto, Kikuta &amp; Hayashi, 2021: 21. Type locality. Japan: Nara: Yamatokuriyama-shi: Shinmachi.</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>[JBNU] • 1 ♀, Daegok-ri, Janggye-myeon, Jangsu-gun, Jeonbuk-do, Korea, 14. VII. 2022, J. S. Kim ; • 2 ♀, Oeseonmi-ri, Onjeong-myeon, Uljin-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea, 27. VII. 2022, J. S. Kim ; • 3 ♂ 14 ♀, Samjung-ri, Macheon-myeon, Hamyang-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea, 14. VII. 2023, H. Han ; • 6 ♀, Gilgok-ri, Maehwa-myeon, Uljin-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea, 20. VII. 2023, DB Choi ; • 1 ♂ 2 ♀, Gilgok-ri, Maehwa-myeon, Uljin-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea, 27. VII. 2023, H. Han ; • 7 ♂ 5 ♀, Oeseonmi-ri, Onjeong-myeon, Uljin-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea, 13. VII. 2024, J. S. Kim ; • 2 ♂ 2 ♀, Yulji-ri, Susan-myeon, Jecheon-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea, 30. VII. 2024, J. S. Kim ; • 4 ♀, Gancheok-ri, Gandong-myeon, Hwacheon-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea, 23. VIII. 2024, J. S. Kim ; • 1 ♀, Gilgok-ri, Maehwa-myeon, Uljin-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea, 28. VIII. 2024, J. S. Kim ; • 4 ♂ 1 ♀, Gilgok-ri, Maehwa-myeon, Uljin-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea, 7. IX. 2024, J. S. Kim ; • 1 ♂ 2 ♀, Dae-ri, Yeonghae-myeon, Yeongdeok-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea, 20. VII. 2024, H. Han .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Compared to other species in the genus Paraglenurus, P. melanostictus has the morphological characteristics of the apical 1 / 3–1 / 2 of each flagellum being pale yellow starting from the apical ~ 1 / 4 of the antenna, a very distinct preapical dark brown marking on the hindwing, and an adjacent white marking is very distinct and rounded.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male, adult. Head (Fig. 24 B, C). Vertex slightly narrow, moderately raised, reddish brown. Frons yellowish brown, with broad dark brown band extending from below vertex to below base of antenna; clypeus yellow, with long black hairs. Antenna dark brown, long, with slightly defined club, densely covered with short black hairs; flagellum comprising ~ 44 flagellomeres, each flagellomere with distinct distal yellow annulation. Mouthparts reddish brown; labrum reddish brown, with hyaline brown hairs; maxillary palpus yellowish brown; labial palpus yellowish brown, spindle-shaped.</p><p>Thorax (Fig. 24 C). Pronotum slender, longer than broad, brown, with long brown hairs. Mesonotum and metanotum dark brown, covered with hyaline hairs.</p><p>Legs. Coxae yellow, moderately covered with yellow hairs. Femora mostly dark brown, partly brown; moderately covered with black hairs. Tibiae dark brown; moderately covered with black hairs. Tibial spurs dark brown, slightly long, slightly curved, approximately as long as tarsomere 1. Tarsi yellowish brown, tarsomere 5 slightly longer than tarsomere 1; claws brown.</p><p>Wings (Fig. 24 A). With white and dark brown markings. Forewing veins and crossveins dark brown; presectoral area with 11 or 12 crossveins; RP arising beyond CuA fork; CuP supporting one cell before fusing with 1 A; 2 A fused with 3 A; pterostigma white; anterior Banksian lines absent; posterior Banksian lines absent. Hindwing slightly longer and narrower than forewing; presectoral area with one crossvein; RP arising before MP fork; pterostigma white; anterior Banksian lines absent; posterior Banksian lines absent; male without pilula axillaris.</p><p>Abdomen (Fig. 24 A). Shorter than hindwing, dark brown, posterior margin of tergites II – VII bordered with yellow, tergites III – V sometimes with median yellow marking, densely covered with brown hairs.</p><p>Genitalia (Fig. 24 D, E, H – K). Ectoproct semicircular, covered with long black setae. Sternite IX narrow, covered with long black setae. Gonarcus reddish brown, arched. Mediuncus lightly sclerotized, lightly hooked in lateral view. Parameres well sclerotized, dark brown, triangular in caudal view.</p><p>Size. BL: 24.5–32.4 mm; FWL: 26.4–32.4 mm; HWL: 25.5–30.0 mm.</p><p>Female, adult. General morphology, except head and terminalia, almost as in male. Head: vertex slightly wide, strongly raised. Terminalia (Fig. 24 F, G): tergite VIII wider than tergite IX; tergite IX narrow, triangular in lateral view; ectoproct triangular in lateral view; lateral gonapophyses semicircular in lateral view, smaller than ectoproct; posterior gonapophyses long, curved, with long black setae; anterior gonapophyses absent; pregenital distinct, plate triangular, presented on membrane below tergite VIII.</p><p>Size. BL: 22.8–26.4 mm; FWL: 29.4–33.5 mm; HWL: 29.3–33.3 mm.</p><p>Biological notes.</p><p>Paraglenurus melanostictus is a species that is mainly observed in mountainous regions throughout South Korea (Fig. 37 E). Adults emerge from July to September in South Korea. Larvae are known to be ambush hunters. They were not examined during this study; for details on their ecology, refer to Matsumoto et al. (2021).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Korea (new record), Japan (Matsumoto et al. 2021).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Paraglenurus melanostictus was described as new based on specimens from Japan. A taxonomic review of the genus Paraglenurus is needed in countries where this species has been previously recorded.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B27B317B807D56A0A73AF30DCAC8A207	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kim, Jiseung;Ahn, Neung-Ho;Kim, Sora	Kim, Jiseung, Ahn, Neung-Ho, Kim, Sora (2025): A taxonomic review of the family Myrmeleontidae Latreille (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontiformia) from the Korean peninsula, highlighting the conservation value of this family. ZooKeys 1262: 97-174, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1262.163194
DA862E872B2A52D2A88E8471D32EFCBC.text	DA862E872B2A52D2A88E8471D32EFCBC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paraglenurus van der Weele 1909	<div><p>Genus Paraglenurus van der Weele, 1909</p><p>Paraglenurus van der Weele, 1909: 29. Type species: Myrmeleon scopifer Gerstaecker, 1887 . Type locality: Indonesia: Seram.</p><p>Glenuroides Okamoto, 1910: 294.</p><p>Eoleon Navás, 1921: 65.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Adult. Antenna longer than head plus thoracic length.; eye large, nearly as wide as frons; leg slender, hind femur plus tibia nearly as long as entire length of head plus thorax; pretarsal claw opposable; male paramere curved slender plate-like; mediuncus prominent; female tergite VII with some thick setae on posterior margin; posterior gonapophyses elongate, digitiform; lateral gonapophyses covered with thick digging setae. Third instar larva. Distance between base of mandible and first tooth shorter than that between first and third teeth; third tooth larger than second tooth; abdominal spiracles developed, prominent; abdominal sternite VIII without odontoid processes; rastra of abdominal sternite IX with inner digging seta shorter by 1 / 3 than the others (Zheng and Liu 2025).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Asia (China, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Russia (Far east), Vietnam), Africa (Madagascar, Seychelles) (Sekimoto 2014; Ábrahám 2023; Zheng and Liu 2025)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DA862E872B2A52D2A88E8471D32EFCBC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kim, Jiseung;Ahn, Neung-Ho;Kim, Sora	Kim, Jiseung, Ahn, Neung-Ho, Kim, Sora (2025): A taxonomic review of the family Myrmeleontidae Latreille (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontiformia) from the Korean peninsula, highlighting the conservation value of this family. ZooKeys 1262: 97-174, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1262.163194
394B60CE862D5A2D844E42C24E11491A.text	394B60CE862D5A2D844E42C24E11491A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Synclisis japonica (Hagen 1866)	<div><p>Synclisis japonica (Hagen, 1866)</p><p>Figs 3, 4, 29 A, 31, 35 A, 36 G, 37 A</p><p>Acanthaclisis japonica Hagen, 1866 a: 289 . Type locality: Japan: Tokyo.</p><p>Heoclisis japonica (Hagen, 1866 a): Navás 1923 b: 13.</p><p>Heoclisis sinensis Navás, 1923 b: 13 . Type locality: China: eastern, “ Chen-Chia-Tchoueng ”.</p><p>Synclisis japonica (Hagen, 1866 a): Stange 2004: 359.</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>[JBNU] • 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Oeseonmi-ri, Onjeong-myeon, Uljin-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea, 27. VII. 2022, J. S. Kim ; • 2 ♂ 5 ♀, Seopo-ri, Deokjeok-myeon, Ongjin-gun, Incheon, Korea, 13. VIII. 2024, J. S. Kim ; • 4 ♂ 2 ♀, Gureom-ri, Deokjeok-myeon, Ongjin-gun, Incheon, Korea, 14. VIII. 2024, J. S. Kim ; • 1 ♂, Gilgok-ri, Maehwa-myeon, Uljin-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea, 28. VIII. 2024, J. S. Kim ; • 1 ♀, same locality, 7. IX. 2024, J. S. Kim; • 5 larvae (1 st and 3 rd instar), Gureom-ri, Deokjeok-myeon, Ongjin-gun, Incheon, Korea, 14. VIII. 2024, J. S. Kim .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Synclisis japonica is easily distinguished from the other Korean Myrmeleontidae species by its large body size and long wingspan. Thorax and legs are densely hairy. Tergite V and proximal half of tergite VI are densely covered with appressed shiny silver pubescence in male. In larvae, the orange area at the base of the mandible reaches the second tooth. The center of the clypeo-labrum lacks a median longitudinal black stripe. Abdominal sternite VIII has several large setae.</p><p>This species is similar to Synclisis kawaii (Nakahara, 1913) from southern China in general appearance. The two species can be distinguished by differences in the Banksian line and the marking pattern of the pronotum. In S. japonica, the anterior and posterior Banksian lines on the forewings and hindwings are distinct, while they are indistinct in S. kawaii . Synclisis japonica has a distinct black stripe on the pronotum, whereas in S. kawaii, it is faint (Sekimoto 2014).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male, adult. Head (Fig. 3 B, C). Vertex slightly narrow, moderately raised, dark brown, densely covered with short black hairs, with sparse long white hairs anteriorly. Frons yellow, densely covered with long white hairs; clypeus yellow, with sparse dark brown hairs. Antenna dark brown, slightly long, with slightly defined club, densely covered with short black hairs; flagellum comprising ~ 45 flagellomeres, each flagellomere with a narrow distal yellow ring. Mouthparts yellowish brown; labrum yellowish brown, with hyaline brown hairs; maxillary palpus yellowish brown; labial palpus yellowish brown, much longer than maxillary palpus; 3 rd labial palpomere reddish brown.</p><p>Thorax (Fig. 3 C). Pronotum broad, approximately as long as broad, dark brown, with pairs of longitudinal yellowish brown stripes, densely covered with long black and white hairs. Mesonotum dark brown, with pairs of longitudinal yellowish brown stripes, densely covered with long black and white hairs. Metanotum dark brown, with pair of yellow spots in the middle, densely covered with long white hairs.</p><p>Legs. Yellowish brown, short. Coxae yellowish brown, densely covered with long white hairs. Femora yellowish brown, dark brown distally, densely covered with long white and black setae. Tibiae alternating yellowish brown and dark brown, densely covered with long white and black setae. Tibial spurs reddish brown, short, strongly curved, approximately as long as combined lengths of tarsomeres 1–3. Tarsi dark brown, tarsomere 5 approximately as long as combined lengths of tarsomeres 1–4. Claws reddish brown.</p><p>Wings (Fig. 3 A). With dark brown markings. Forewings veins and crossveins alternating pale yellow and dark brown; presectoral area with 8–10 crossveins; RP arising beyond CuA fork; CuP supporting one cell before fusing with 1 A; 2 A fused with 3 A; pterostigma yellowish white; anterior and posterior Banksian lines distinct. Hindwings shorter and narrower than forewings; presectoral area with 6–8 crossveins; RP arising beyond MP fork; pterostigma yellowish white; anterior and posterior Banksian lines distinct; male with pilula axillaris.</p><p>Abdomen (Fig. 3 A). Shorter than hindwing, grayish black, densely covered with short black hairs, tergite V and proximal half of tergite VI densely covered with shiny silver pubescence.</p><p>Genitalia (Fig. 3 D, E, H – K). Ectoproct triangular in lateral view, covered with long black setae. Sternite IX elongated, covered with long black setae. Gonarcus brown, triangular, with short lateral arm. Mediuncus well sclerotized, reddish brown, strongly hooked in lateral view. Parameres well sclerotized, dark brown, strongly hooked in lateral view.</p><p>Size. BL: 43.0– 49.7 mm; FWL: 50.7–54.8 mm; HWL: 45.1–49.6 mm.</p><p>Female, adult. Except terminalia, generally similar to male. Pilula axillaris absent. Shiny silver pubescence of tergite V and proximal half of tergite VI absent (Fig. 26). Terminalia (Fig. 3 F, G): tergite VIII much wider than tergite IX; tergite IX narrow, triangular in lateral view; ectoproct semicircular in lateral view; lateral gonapophyses small, with long black setae; posterior gonapophyses long, curved, with long black setae; anterior gonapophyses absent; pregenital plate absent.</p><p>Size. BL: 39.5–45.4 mm; FWL: 49.6–58.5 mm; HWL: 43.7–52.9 mm.</p><p>Larva, 3 rd instar. General color yellowish white, with black markings (Fig. 4 A – C). Head rectangular, longer than wide, with a pair of large black markings, lateral and ventral sides unmarked; mandibles pale orange with a dark apex; interdental mandibular setae (0) (1–3) (1–3) (0); external setae short, restricted in proximal part (Fig. 4 D, E). Abdominal sternite VIII with black digging setae, thicker in proximity of the distal margin; abdominal sternite IX triangular, with black digging setae, caudal margin with large black setae (Fig. 4 F).</p><p>Size. BL: 18.9 mm; HL: 5.7 mm, HW: 4.2 mm, ML: 5.1 mm.</p><p>Biological notes.</p><p>Synclisis japonica occurs in areas with developed natural dunes along the west and east coasts of South Korea, excluding the south coast (Fig. 37 A) where adults mainly emerge from late July to early September. Larvae are mainly observed in well-preserved coastal dunes where Carex ( Cyperaceae) grows (Fig. 36 G). They are ambush predators, concealing themselves in the sand of dunes. When they detect prey, they rapidly emerge from the sand and crawl forward to hunt. After capturing their prey, they crawl backward to burrow back into the sand, often leaving only the prey exposed on the dune’s surface. Larvae of various development stages are observed at the same time. Eggs were observed in same place where larvae were collected.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Korea, Japan, China, Russia (Krivokhatsky 2011; Sekimoto 2014; Wang et al. 2018).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Synclisis japonica is the largest antlion species in Korea, first reported from Korea by Okamoto (1926).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/394B60CE862D5A2D844E42C24E11491A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kim, Jiseung;Ahn, Neung-Ho;Kim, Sora	Kim, Jiseung, Ahn, Neung-Ho, Kim, Sora (2025): A taxonomic review of the family Myrmeleontidae Latreille (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontiformia) from the Korean peninsula, highlighting the conservation value of this family. ZooKeys 1262: 97-174, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1262.163194
7654AADE887B53FD9BEA71ABEA6B9316.text	7654AADE887B53FD9BEA71ABEA6B9316.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Synclisis Navas 1919	<div><p>Genus Synclisis Navás, 1919</p><p>Synclisis Navás, 1919 a: 218 . Type species: Acanthaclisis baetica Rambur, 1842 . Type locality: Spain: “ environs de Malaga ”.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Adult. Large sized antlions; thorax and legs densely hairy; forewing presectoral area usually with 5–10 crossveins; forewing vein RP arising beyond CuA fork; forewing vein 2 A fused with 3 A basally; hindwing presectoral area usually with five crossveins; hindwing vein RP arising beyond MP fork; male with pilula axillaris; tibial spurs strongly curved, usually as long as combined lengths of tarsomeres 1–3 (Sekimoto 2014). Third instar larva. Mandibles with three equidistant teeth, the apical tooth is the largest; no setae between the base of the mandible and basal tooth; thorax with sessile setiferous processes; abdominal sternite VIII without digging setae; abdominal sternite IX triangular with a median series of digging setae (Badano and Pantaleoni 2014 a).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Oriental (Malaysia, Vietnam), Palearctic (Algeria, China, Iran, Israel, Japan, Korea, Russia, Senegal, Tunisia, Ukraine, Southern Europe) (Krivokhatsky 2011; Badano and Pantaleoni 2014 a; Wang et al. 2018; Hajiesmaeilian et al. 2019).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7654AADE887B53FD9BEA71ABEA6B9316	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kim, Jiseung;Ahn, Neung-Ho;Kim, Sora	Kim, Jiseung, Ahn, Neung-Ho, Kim, Sora (2025): A taxonomic review of the family Myrmeleontidae Latreille (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontiformia) from the Korean peninsula, highlighting the conservation value of this family. ZooKeys 1262: 97-174, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1262.163194
