taxonID	type	format	identifier	references	title	description	created	creator	contributor	publisher	audience	source	license	rightsHolder	datasetID
4F188B59E91EFFBD1CEC01C7464FF870.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17975412/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17975412	FIGURE 2. Fresh (A–D) and live (E) coloration of Pungitius sinensis. A KAUM–I. 168603, 46.9 mm SL, male, Aomori, Honshu Island, Japan; B KAUM–I. 174720, 47.1 mm SL, female, Ohzora, Hokkaido Island, Japan; C KAUM–I. 402617, 48.2 mm SL, male, Yamagata, Honshu Island, Japan; D & E KPM-NI 71277, 38.3 mm SL, female, Toyama, Honshu Island, Japan, photos provided by KPM (photos by H. Wada).	FIGURE 2. Fresh (A–D) and live (E) coloration of Pungitius sinensis. A KAUM–I. 168603, 46.9 mm SL, male, Aomori, Honshu Island, Japan; B KAUM–I. 174720, 47.1 mm SL, female, Ohzora, Hokkaido Island, Japan; C KAUM–I. 402617, 48.2 mm SL, male, Yamagata, Honshu Island, Japan; D & E KPM-NI 71277, 38.3 mm SL, female, Toyama, Honshu Island, Japan, photos provided by KPM (photos by H. Wada).	2025-12-09	Matsumoto, Tatsuya;Matsuura, Keiichi;Hanzawa, Naoto		Zenodo	biologists	Matsumoto, Tatsuya;Matsuura, Keiichi;Hanzawa, Naoto			
4F188B59E91EFFBD1CEC01C7464FF870.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17975415/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17975415	FIGURE 3. Preserved specimens of Pungitius sinensis. A MNHN 0000-5228, Syntype of Gasterosteus sinensis Guichenot 1869, 25.7 mm SL, China; B HUMZ 236398, 50.2 mm SL, Kamchatka, Russia; C HUMZ 236403, 56.2 mm SL, Sakhalin Island, Russia; D KAUM–I. 174723, 46.7 mm SL, Hokkaido Island, Japan; E KAUM–I. 402622, 47.1 mm SL, Yamagata, Honshu Island, Japan. Photos by T. Matsumoto.	FIGURE 3. Preserved specimens of Pungitius sinensis. A MNHN 0000-5228, Syntype of Gasterosteus sinensis Guichenot 1869, 25.7 mm SL, China; B HUMZ 236398, 50.2 mm SL, Kamchatka, Russia; C HUMZ 236403, 56.2 mm SL, Sakhalin Island, Russia; D KAUM–I. 174723, 46.7 mm SL, Hokkaido Island, Japan; E KAUM–I. 402622, 47.1 mm SL, Yamagata, Honshu Island, Japan. Photos by T. Matsumoto.	2025-12-09	Matsumoto, Tatsuya;Matsuura, Keiichi;Hanzawa, Naoto		Zenodo	biologists	Matsumoto, Tatsuya;Matsuura, Keiichi;Hanzawa, Naoto			
4F188B59E91EFFBD1CEC01C7464FF870.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17975408/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17975408	FIGURE 1. Stained specimens of Pungitius sinensis. A KAUM–I. 151260, 46.7 mm SL, Hokkaido Island, Japan; B KAUM–I. 151963, 46.9 mm SL, Hokkaido Island, Japan; C KAUM–I. 401751, 41.3 mm SL, Yamagata, Honshu Island, Japan. A full row of lateral plates; B incomplete row of lateral plates (two lateral plates anteriorly on body + 12 lateral plates posteriorly on body to caudal peduncle); C incomplete row of lateral plates (nine lateral plates posteriorly on body to caudal peduncle). Photos by T. Matsumoto.	FIGURE 1. Stained specimens of Pungitius sinensis. A KAUM–I. 151260, 46.7 mm SL, Hokkaido Island, Japan; B KAUM–I. 151963, 46.9 mm SL, Hokkaido Island, Japan; C KAUM–I. 401751, 41.3 mm SL, Yamagata, Honshu Island, Japan. A full row of lateral plates; B incomplete row of lateral plates (two lateral plates anteriorly on body + 12 lateral plates posteriorly on body to caudal peduncle); C incomplete row of lateral plates (nine lateral plates posteriorly on body to caudal peduncle). Photos by T. Matsumoto.	2025-12-09	Matsumoto, Tatsuya;Matsuura, Keiichi;Hanzawa, Naoto		Zenodo	biologists	Matsumoto, Tatsuya;Matsuura, Keiichi;Hanzawa, Naoto			
4F188B59E91EFFBD1CEC01C7464FF870.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17975417/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17975417	FIGURE 4. Pie charts showing relative numbers of pelvic-fin soft rays in Pungitius sinensis from Far East collection sites. Circle size indicates number of specimens examined. 1, Anadyr; 2, Mikijia River; 3 Bolshaya River; 4, Piltun Bay; 5, Tym River; 6,Aynskaya River & Lake Aynskaya; 7, Lake Tunaicha; 8, Urup Island; 9, Etorofu Island; 10, Rebun Island; 11, Lake Kuccharo; 12, Shibetsu, Kamikawa; 13, Abashiri, Bihoro, Kitami, Ohzora & Shari; 14, Shibetsu, Nemuro; 15, Teshikaga; 16, Nemuro, Akkeshi & Kushiro; 17, Ishikari-gawa River system; 18, Urakawa; 19, Kuromatsunai & Suttsu; 20, Assabu & Hakodate; 21, Aomori; 22, northern Akita; 23, southern Akita; 24, Yamagata; 25, Niigata; 26, Toyama; 27, Ishikawa; 28, Fukui; 29, Liaoning; 30, Cape Lion; 31, Seon River; 32, Jusu River.	FIGURE 4. Pie charts showing relative numbers of pelvic-fin soft rays in Pungitius sinensis from Far East collection sites. Circle size indicates number of specimens examined. 1, Anadyr; 2, Mikijia River; 3 Bolshaya River; 4, Piltun Bay; 5, Tym River; 6,Aynskaya River & Lake Aynskaya; 7, Lake Tunaicha; 8, Urup Island; 9, Etorofu Island; 10, Rebun Island; 11, Lake Kuccharo; 12, Shibetsu, Kamikawa; 13, Abashiri, Bihoro, Kitami, Ohzora & Shari; 14, Shibetsu, Nemuro; 15, Teshikaga; 16, Nemuro, Akkeshi & Kushiro; 17, Ishikari-gawa River system; 18, Urakawa; 19, Kuromatsunai & Suttsu; 20, Assabu & Hakodate; 21, Aomori; 22, northern Akita; 23, southern Akita; 24, Yamagata; 25, Niigata; 26, Toyama; 27, Ishikawa; 28, Fukui; 29, Liaoning; 30, Cape Lion; 31, Seon River; 32, Jusu River.	2025-12-09	Matsumoto, Tatsuya;Matsuura, Keiichi;Hanzawa, Naoto		Zenodo	biologists	Matsumoto, Tatsuya;Matsuura, Keiichi;Hanzawa, Naoto			
4F188B59E91EFFBD1CEC01C7464FF870.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17975422/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17975422	FIGURE 5. Pie charts showing relative numbers of dorsal-fin spines in Pungitius sinensis from Far East collection sites. Circle size indicates number of specimens examined. 1, Anadyr; 2, Mikijia River; 3 Bolshaya River; 4, Piltun Bay; 5, Tym River; 6, Aynskaya River & Lake Aynskaya; 7, Lake Tunaicha; 8, Urup Island; 9, Etorofu Island; 10, Rebun Island; 11, Lake Kuccharo; 12, Shibetsu, Kamikawa; 13, Abashiri, Bihoro, Kitami, Ohzora & Shari; 14, Shibetsu, Nemuro; 15, Teshikaga; 16, Nemuro, Akkeshi & Kushiro; 17, Ishikari-gawa River system; 18, Urakawa; 19, Kuromatsunai & Suttsu; 20, Assabu & Hakodate; 21, Aomori; 22, northern Akita; 23, southern Akita; 24, Yamagata; 25, Niigata; 26, Toyama; 27, Ishikawa; 28, Fukui; 29, Liaoning; 30, Cape Lion; 31, Seon River; 32, Jusu River.	FIGURE 5. Pie charts showing relative numbers of dorsal-fin spines in Pungitius sinensis from Far East collection sites. Circle size indicates number of specimens examined. 1, Anadyr; 2, Mikijia River; 3 Bolshaya River; 4, Piltun Bay; 5, Tym River; 6, Aynskaya River & Lake Aynskaya; 7, Lake Tunaicha; 8, Urup Island; 9, Etorofu Island; 10, Rebun Island; 11, Lake Kuccharo; 12, Shibetsu, Kamikawa; 13, Abashiri, Bihoro, Kitami, Ohzora & Shari; 14, Shibetsu, Nemuro; 15, Teshikaga; 16, Nemuro, Akkeshi & Kushiro; 17, Ishikari-gawa River system; 18, Urakawa; 19, Kuromatsunai & Suttsu; 20, Assabu & Hakodate; 21, Aomori; 22, northern Akita; 23, southern Akita; 24, Yamagata; 25, Niigata; 26, Toyama; 27, Ishikawa; 28, Fukui; 29, Liaoning; 30, Cape Lion; 31, Seon River; 32, Jusu River.	2025-12-09	Matsumoto, Tatsuya;Matsuura, Keiichi;Hanzawa, Naoto		Zenodo	biologists	Matsumoto, Tatsuya;Matsuura, Keiichi;Hanzawa, Naoto			
4F188B59E91EFFBD1CEC01C7464FF870.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17975424/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17975424	FIGURE 6. Relationship of caudal peduncle depth (as % caudal pedunce length) to standard length (mm) inYamagata population of Pungitius sinensis (red squares) and from other collection sites (blue rhombi).	FIGURE 6. Relationship of caudal peduncle depth (as % caudal pedunce length) to standard length (mm) inYamagata population of Pungitius sinensis (red squares) and from other collection sites (blue rhombi).	2025-12-09	Matsumoto, Tatsuya;Matsuura, Keiichi;Hanzawa, Naoto		Zenodo	biologists	Matsumoto, Tatsuya;Matsuura, Keiichi;Hanzawa, Naoto			
4F188B59E91EFFBD1CEC01C7464FF870.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17975428/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17975428	FIGURE 7. Stained specimen of Pungitius sinensis, KAUM–I. 174740, 50.9 mm SL, Hokkaido Island, Japan; A Anterior part of body; B & C enlarged views of cleithrum and ectocoracoid, respectively. Broken lines in B & C indicate ridges on the bones.	FIGURE 7. Stained specimen of Pungitius sinensis, KAUM–I. 174740, 50.9 mm SL, Hokkaido Island, Japan; A Anterior part of body; B & C enlarged views of cleithrum and ectocoracoid, respectively. Broken lines in B & C indicate ridges on the bones.	2025-12-09	Matsumoto, Tatsuya;Matsuura, Keiichi;Hanzawa, Naoto		Zenodo	biologists	Matsumoto, Tatsuya;Matsuura, Keiichi;Hanzawa, Naoto			
4F188B59E91EFFBD1CEC01C7464FF870.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17975430/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17975430	FIGURE 8. Ventral view of stained specimens of Pungitius sinensis (A) and P. pungitius (B). Numbers indicate ventral plates on caudal peduncle. A KAUM–I. 402693, 42.9 mm SL, Akita, Honshu Island, Japan; B KAUM–I. 139414, 56.1 mm SL, Hokkaido Island, Japan.	FIGURE 8. Ventral view of stained specimens of Pungitius sinensis (A) and P. pungitius (B). Numbers indicate ventral plates on caudal peduncle. A KAUM–I. 402693, 42.9 mm SL, Akita, Honshu Island, Japan; B KAUM–I. 139414, 56.1 mm SL, Hokkaido Island, Japan.	2025-12-09	Matsumoto, Tatsuya;Matsuura, Keiichi;Hanzawa, Naoto		Zenodo	biologists	Matsumoto, Tatsuya;Matsuura, Keiichi;Hanzawa, Naoto			
4F188B59E91EFFBD1CEC01C7464FF870.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17975432/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17975432	FIGURE 9. Syntypes of Gasterosteus wosnesenjenskyi: ZIN 2377 (A & B) and ZIN 2378 (C & D).. A 28.7 mm SL; B 51.6+ mm SL; C 63.2 mm SL; D 57.7 mm SL. A & C identified as Pungitius sinensis; B & D identified as P. pungitius.	FIGURE 9. Syntypes of Gasterosteus wosnesenjenskyi: ZIN 2377 (A & B) and ZIN 2378 (C & D).. A 28.7 mm SL; B 51.6+ mm SL; C 63.2 mm SL; D 57.7 mm SL. A & C identified as Pungitius sinensis; B & D identified as P. pungitius.	2025-12-09	Matsumoto, Tatsuya;Matsuura, Keiichi;Hanzawa, Naoto		Zenodo	biologists	Matsumoto, Tatsuya;Matsuura, Keiichi;Hanzawa, Naoto			
