taxonID	type	description	language	source
4A5287C95A33163553CBFCD2FCCD8DCD.taxon	description	(Figs. 1 – 5)	en	Amaya-Vallejo, Vanessa, Bota-Sierra, Cornelio Andrés, Novelo-Gutiérrez, Rodolfo (2026): Description of the larva of Epigomphus pechumani Belle (Odonata: Gomphidae). Zootaxa 5782 (3): 591-598, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5782.3.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5782.3.11
4A5287C95A33163553CBFCD2FCCD8DCD.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Three exuviae (1 ♀, reared, 1 ♀, emerging, 1 ♀, as exuvia), two young larvae. COLOMBIA: Valle del Cauca Department; Buenaventura, Anchicayá, Monos Trail in Yatacué, elevation 637 m (3.5752 ° N, – 76.8803 ° W), 06 February 2019, V. Amaya-Vallejo, R. Novelo-Gutiérrez, RW. Sites leg., 2 young larvae; Risaralda Department; Pueblo Rico, Montebello, Parque Natural Nacional Tatamá, Quebrada Montenegro, elevation 1363 m (5.2273 ° N, – 76.0830 ° W), 12 February 2019, C. Bota-Sierra, R. Novelo-Gutiérrez, R. W. Sites leg. 1 ♀ as F- 0 larva (emerged 14 April 2019); same data but 20 May 2019, C. Bota leg., 1 ♀ emerging, 1 ♀ exuvia.	en	Amaya-Vallejo, Vanessa, Bota-Sierra, Cornelio Andrés, Novelo-Gutiérrez, Rodolfo (2026): Description of the larva of Epigomphus pechumani Belle (Odonata: Gomphidae). Zootaxa 5782 (3): 591-598, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5782.3.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5782.3.11
4A5287C95A33163553CBFCD2FCCD8DCD.taxon	description	Description. Large-size exuviae (31.5 – 31.8 mm total length), body robust, antennae, legs, and sides of thorax setose, gently tapering caudad, body mostly light yellow-brown, reddish-brown on S 9 – 10 (Figs. 1 a – b). Head: Wider than long, wider than prothorax (Fig. 2 a) but narrower than pterothorax and abdomen (Fig. 1). Labrum and clypeus covered with sparse, minute, white, scale-like setae, labrum anterior border with dense brush of golden setae, flattened ventrally (Fig. 2 b); frons, vertex and occiput with abundant, white scale-like setae, a tuft of long, upturned, golden setae on anterolateral margins of frons (between antenna and anterior margin of compound eye), occiput with five large, circular, bare areas, the lateral ones largest and with three longitudinal rows of minute scale-like setae, with long, golden setae on lateral margins of each occipital lobe. Anterior margin of antefrons slightly convex, anterior margin of postfrons shallowly concave. Antennae 4 - segmented (Fig. 2 a), covered abundantly with minute, scale-like setae dorsally, and some sparse, larger, claviform scale-like setae, scape globose, pedicel subglobose, 3 rd antennomere largest, spindle-shaped, flattened dorsoventrally, 2.5 x as long as widest part, with dense rows of long, yellowish setae on lateral margins, those on external margins longest, 4 th antennomere a small blunt cone; scape, pedicel and 3 rd antennomere yellow, distal margin of 3 rd antennomere and 4 th antennomere brown, size proportions: 0.34, 0.14, 1.0, 0.06. Compound eyes moderately developed, bulging laterally; ocelli pale. Occipital lobes rounded, bulging. A well-developed longitudinal carina beset with small, stiff setae to each side of ventral surface of head. Mandibles (Figs. 2 c – f) with molar crest, formula: L 1234 - y a (m 1,2,3,4,5) b / R 1234 y a (m 1,2,3) b, m denticles on right mandible sharply-pointed (Fig. 2 e), quadrate on left mandible (Fig. 2 f), tooth a> b in both mandibles. Maxillae: galeolacinia (Figs. 3 a – b) with 7 moderately incurved teeth, three dorsal teeth more or less of same length and robustness, four ventral teeth of different size and robustness, apical one largest; maxillary palp thick and robust. Ventral pad of hypopharynx pentagonal, whitish, soft, with a row of ventral, subapical, long, stiff setae, basal margin concave, sclerotized. Labium: prementum-postmentum articulation reaching posterior margin of procoxae (Fig. 2 b). Prementum yellow, subrectangular, slightly longer than its widest part, lateral margins smooth, slightly sinuate, more or less parallel on apical half, convergent on basal half, basal margin shallowly concave (Fig. 3 c); without a longitudinal, central sulcus on ventral surface, a small, shallow, concavity just below ligula beset with some long setae; ligula typical for the genus (Figs. 3 c – d), W / L ratio 1: 0.14, apical margin slightly convex, with a ventral row of 9 – 13 reddish brown, short, truncate teeth on middle, a dorsal row of long, whitish piliform setae; labial palp stout (Fig. 3 c – d), yellowish-brown on basal half, brown on apical half, mostly glabrous, with some sparse, long, delicate setae on external surface; apical lobe stout, tip rounded and finely scalloped ending in a short cusp, internal margin almost straight with 12 – 13 small, truncate teeth, external margin gently convex and smooth; movable hook reddish-brown, slightly shorter than palp, sharp and moderately incurved. Thorax: Prothorax slightly narrower than head (Figs. 1 a, 2 a), setose on inferior margins. Anterior margin of pronotum slightly concave, lateral margins convex and bulging, posterior margin convex; a large, subquadrate glabrous area on each side of midline, remainder of pronotum with abundant, minute, whitish, scale-like setae. Pterothorax with minute, abundant, whitish, scale-like setae and tufts of long, curled setae on inferior and posterior margins, mesospiracles well-developed, metaspiracles reduced. Legs short (Fig. 1) (when fully extended, hind legs scarcely surpassing posterior margin of S 8), yellow to reddish-yellow, strongly setose, with long, white, delicate setae mainly on sides and shorter, stiff, reddish setae mainly on anterior surfaces of tibiae and tarsi; burrowing hooks moderately developed (0.50 as long as the basal width of the first pro- and mesotarsomeres) (Figs. 1, 2 a – b); dorsal margins of metafemora longer than metatibiae (Fig. 1 a); tarsal formula 2 - 2 - 3, claws simple, reddish-yellow with tips reddish-brown with a pulvilliform empodium. Wing sheaths scarcely surpassing anterior margin of S 4, strongly divergent (Fig. 1 a), mostly bare, with sparse, minute scale-like setae, and abundant long, delicate setae on margins. Abdomen: Mostly yellow-brown, more or less spindle-shaped, ventral surface flat, dorsal surface convex, lacking dorsal protuberances, widest on S 5 (Fig. 1); S 8 light brown along middorsal third, S 9 reddish-brown, S 10 dark brown (Fig. 4); lateral margins of S 1 – 10 with long, stiff whitish setae, with scale-like setae on S 10, lateral margins of S 8 – 9 serrate (Figs. 4 a – b), serrations stout and sharp, S 7 – 9 ending in slightly upturned, divergent, sharply pointed spines increasing in size and robustness posteriorly (Figs. 4 a – b); tergites 2 – 10 with abundant, very minute, scale-like setae, and also with intermixed short and long, sparse, delicate setae, posterior margins with close-packed scale-like setae and sparse, long, stiff setae; tergites 4 – 8 with a thin, longitudinal, middle suture. Sterna yellowish-brown, following same color pattern as terga (Fig. 1 b); sterna 2 – 9 with delicate setae increasing in length posteriorly and a row of abundant small setae on posterior margins; sterna 3 – 8 divided into five sternites, sterna 2 and 9 divided into three sternites, ventral sutures parallel on 2 – 3, diverging gradually on 4 – 8, strongly divergent on 9. Female gonapophyses vestigial (Fig. 4 c), conical, obtusely-pointed, slightly divergent distally, with margins finely crenulate. Caudal appendages (Figs. 1, 4) dark reddish brown, pyramidal, sharply-pointed, with abundant long setae on internal margins, and abundant scale-like setae on lateral surfaces of cerci and paraprocts, in dorsal view with the tips of cerci strongly divergent (Fig. 4 a), in lateral view tip of epiproct slightly upturned, epiproct and paraprocts same length, cerci slightly shorter. Measurements [in mm]: Exuviae (N = 3): TL 31.5 – 31.8; AL (ventral, excl. caudal app.) 18.7 – 19.0; MWh 6.3 – 6.5; HfL (lateral) 6.0 – 6.2; MWa (ventral) 7.5 – 8.2; Ep 1.4 – 1.5, Ce 1.3 – 1.4, Pp 1.4; spine on S 7 0.3 – 0.4, spine on S 8 0.4 – 0.5, spine on S 9 0.5 – 0.7.	en	Amaya-Vallejo, Vanessa, Bota-Sierra, Cornelio Andrés, Novelo-Gutiérrez, Rodolfo (2026): Description of the larva of Epigomphus pechumani Belle (Odonata: Gomphidae). Zootaxa 5782 (3): 591-598, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5782.3.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5782.3.11
4A5287C95A33163553CBFCD2FCCD8DCD.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat. In Tatamá National Park, larvae were collected along the margins of a small, shallow forested stream with slow flow, among sand, mud, and leaf litter. In Anchicayá, larvae occurred on muddy substrates within waterfilled wheel tracks at the forest edge along a dirt road (Fig. 5).	en	Amaya-Vallejo, Vanessa, Bota-Sierra, Cornelio Andrés, Novelo-Gutiérrez, Rodolfo (2026): Description of the larva of Epigomphus pechumani Belle (Odonata: Gomphidae). Zootaxa 5782 (3): 591-598, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5782.3.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5782.3.11
