identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
442A6E74BE7B124D711DF900FACD700A.text	442A6E74BE7B124D711DF900FACD700A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Carrhotus Thorell 1891	<div><p>PROVISIONAL KEY TO THE INDIAN  CARRHOTUS SPECIES</p><p>1. Males ............................................................................... 2</p><p>– Females ............................................................................. 7</p><p>2. Tegulum with a prolateral, knife-like protrusion (arrowed in Fig. 9), RTA bifurcated at its tip (Fig. 10) ................ ................................................................  C. andhra sp.n.</p><p>– Tegulum without a prolateral protrusion, RTA pointed. 3</p><p>3. Embolus filiform, longer than cymbium (figs 8, 9 in Prószyński [1992]) ...........................................  C. tristis</p><p>– Embolus otherwise (Figs 20, 23, 65) .............................. 4</p><p>4. Embolus hook-shaped (Figs 20, 23); RTA straight, directed anteriad (Figs 21, 24) ............................................... 5</p><p>– Embolus straight and thick, conical apically (Figs 48, 65); RTA hook-shaped (Fig. 49) or at least bent ventrad (Fig. 66) ................................................................................. 6</p><p>5. Dorsum brownish, without a white colour pattern (Fig. 11); male palp (Figs 20, 21) ...................  C. assam sp.n.</p><p>– Dorsum dark brown, with two pairs of white spots (Fig. 22); male palp (Figs 23, 24) ...........................  C. sannio</p><p>6. RTA markedly hook-shaped, bent ventrad (Figs 45, 49) ...............................................................  C. silanthi sp.n.</p><p>– RTA only slightly bent ventro-apicad (Figs 62, 66) ......... ..........................................................................  C. viduus</p><p>7. Copulatory openings placed anteriorly (Figs 63, 71, 73, 81) ....................................................................  C. viduus</p><p>– Copulatory openings placed posteriorly (Figs 26, 46, 50) ....................................................................................... 8</p><p>8. Insemination ducts comparatively long and loop anteriorly (Fig. 27) ......................................................  C. sannio</p><p>– Insemination ducts comparatively short and diverge laterally (Figs 47, 51) ...................................  C. silanthi sp.n.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/442A6E74BE7B124D711DF900FACD700A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Caleb, John T. D.;Bera, Chandan;Acharya, Shelley	Caleb, John T. D., Bera, Chandan, Acharya, Shelley (2020): New species and synonymies in the genus Carrhotus Thorell, 1891 from India (Aranei: Salticidae: Salticini). Arthropoda Selecta 29 (1): 51-66, DOI: 10.15298/arthsel., URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7576486
442A6E74BE79124C730AFAB8FBBD7E13.text	442A6E74BE79124C730AFAB8FBBD7E13.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Carrhotus andhra Caleb 2020	<div><p>Carrhotus andhra Caleb,  sp.n.</p><p>Figs 1–10, Map 1.</p><p>TYPE. Holotype ♂ (NZC-ZSI 6733 /18) from India, Andhra Pradesh, Visakhapatnam Distr., Paderu (18.08°N, 82.65°E), 1015 m a.s.l., 8.09.2018, P. Sardar &amp; G.M. Koley.</p><p>ETYMOLOGY. The species is named after the Indian state, Andhra Pradesh from where the holotype was collected. The name is a noun in apposition.</p><p>DIAGNOSIS. The species can be distinguished from all its congeners by the presence of a prolateral, knife-like protrusion of the tegulum (arrowed in Fig. 9) and the RTA bifurcated at its tip (Figs 6, 10).</p><p>DISTRIBUTION. India (Andhra Pradesh) (Map 1).</p><p>DESCRIPTION. MALE. Total length: 4.19; carapace: 2.11 long, 1.76 wide; abdomen: 2.07 long, 1.21 wide. Carapace brownish, with three patches of white hairs along the anterior margin; broad white patch of hairs present on lateral sides of the carapace (Fig. 1). Anterior eyes surrounded by white orbital setae; clypeus sparsely covered with white scales (Fig. 3). Eye measurements: AME 0.53, ALE 0.30, PME 0.06, PLE 0.24, AER 1.73, PER 1.48, EFL 0.94. Clypeus height 0.16. Sternum oval, yellowish brown. Chelicerae brown, with two promarginal and one retromarginal teeth. Labium and maxillae yellow-brown (Fig. 4). Legs brownish, with light brown patellae; metatarsi II and tarsi II yellowish; tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi of legs III &amp; IV yellowish (Figs 1, 2). Leg measurements: I 6.11 (1.87, 1.10, 1.47, 1.00, 0.67); II 5.03 (1.64, 0.96, 1.07, 0.81, 0.55); III 6.05 (2.12, 0.99, 1.07, 1.15, 0.72); IV 5.44 (1.73, 0.71, 1.10, 1.18, 0.72). Leg formula: 1342. Leg spination: femora I 0500, II 0700, III 0700, IV 0700; patellae I 2010, II–IV 1010; tibiae I 2006, II 3026, III 4143, IV 4143; metatarsi I 1004, II 1024, III 3034, IV 4043; tarsi I–IV 0000. Abdomen yellow-brown, with a pair of lateral brown longitudinal patches; mid-dorsum with chevron-shaped markings (Fig. 1); venter brownish. Spinnerets brownish (Fig. 1). Palps brownish; cymbium with a retromarginal protrusion completely covering the RTA in ventral view; embolus thick, pointing apically; RTA thick, with a bifid tip, directed vertically (Figs 5–10).</p><p>FEMALE unknown.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/442A6E74BE79124C730AFAB8FBBD7E13	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Caleb, John T. D.;Bera, Chandan;Acharya, Shelley	Caleb, John T. D., Bera, Chandan, Acharya, Shelley (2020): New species and synonymies in the genus Carrhotus Thorell, 1891 from India (Aranei: Salticidae: Salticini). Arthropoda Selecta 29 (1): 51-66, DOI: 10.15298/arthsel., URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7576486
442A6E74BE79124B7181F98BFBBD700A.text	442A6E74BE79124B7181F98BFBBD700A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Carrhotus assam Caleb 2020	<div><p>Carrhotus assam Caleb,  sp.n.</p><p>Figs 11–17, 20, 21, Map 1.</p><p>TYPE. Holotype ♂ (NZC-ZSI 6938 /18) from India, Assam, Dehing Patkai Wildlife Sanctuary (27.24°N, 95.41°E), 137 m a.s.l., 16.08.2016, T. K. Roy.</p><p>ETYMOLOGY. The species is named after the  Indian state Assam from where the holotype was collected. The name is as a noun in apposition.</p><p>DIAGNOSIS. The species is closely related to  C. yunnanensis (Song, 1991) comb.n., but can be distinguished from it by the following characters (cf. Figs 15, 16, 20, 21 with Figs 18, 19): the orientation of RTA which is directed vertically, at about 20 degrees, in both ventral and retrolateral views in  C. assam sp.n., while it protrudes laterally, at about 45 degrees, in ventral view and directed ventrally in retrolateral view, in  C. yunnanensis; palpal tibia twice as long as its width (thrice in  C. yunnanensis); tibia is about 2/ 3rd of the cymbial length (4/5th in  C. yunnanensis).</p><p>DISTRIBUTION. India (Assam) (Map 1).</p><p>DESCRIPTION. MALE. Total length: 4.95; carapace: 2.55 long, 2.19 wide; abdomen: 2.40 long, 1.83 wide. Carapace reddish brown, posterior eyes surrounded by black (Fig. 11). Anterior eyes surrounded by pale white orbital setae; clypeus brown (Fig. 13). Eye measurements: AME 0.64, ALE 0.34, PME 0.10, PLE 0.37, AER 2.09, PER 2.44, EFL 1.54. Clypeus height 0.18. Sternum yellowish brown. Chelicerae brown, with two small promarginal and a large retromarginal teeth. Labium and maxillae brownish (Fig. 14). Legs brown with dark brown annulations (Figs 11, 12). Leg measurements: I 7.66 (2.27, 1.50, 1.89, 1.28, 0.72); II 6.01 (1.85, 1.22, 1.27, 1.06, 0.61); III 6.55 (2.16, 1.13, 1.20, 1.29, 0.77); IV 6.44 (2.00, 1.02, 1.27, 1.43, 0.72). Leg formula: 1342. Leg spination: femora I–IV 0700; patellae I– IV 1010; tibiae I 4026, II 4036, III 4043, IV 4043; metatarsi I 0004, II 1014, III 3034, IV 4044; tarsi I–IV 0000. Abdomen brownish, with dark brown patches (Fig. 11); venter brownish. Spinnerets yellow-brown (Fig. 12). Palps brownish; cymbium with an apical protrusion; embolus emerging at nine o’clock position, thin and needle-like, with a membrane; palpal tibia long; RTA thick, broad at its base and gently curving, pointed at its tip (Figs 15–17, 20, 21).</p><p>FEMALE unknown.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/442A6E74BE79124B7181F98BFBBD700A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Caleb, John T. D.;Bera, Chandan;Acharya, Shelley	Caleb, John T. D., Bera, Chandan, Acharya, Shelley (2020): New species and synonymies in the genus Carrhotus Thorell, 1891 from India (Aranei: Salticidae: Salticini). Arthropoda Selecta 29 (1): 51-66, DOI: 10.15298/arthsel., URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7576486
442A6E74BE7D12487304FAA9FBF57DC8.text	442A6E74BE7D12487304FAA9FBF57DC8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Carrhotus sannio Thorell 1877	<div><p>Carrhotus sannio Thorell, 1877</p><p>Figs 22–34, Map 1.</p><p>Plexippus sannio Thorell, 1877: 617 (D♂).</p><p>Carrhotus sannio: Żabka, 1985: 207, figs 63–70 (♂♀); Prószyński, 1992: 168, fig. 6 (♂); Jastrzębski, 1999: 3, figs 4–7 (♂).</p><p>Bianor piratus Sen, Dhali, Saha et Raychaudhuri, 2015: 35, figs 97–101, pl. 13 (D♀); the type series in the Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda University, Narendrapur, Kolkata; digital images of the paratype ♀ examined; comb.n., syn.n.</p><p>Bianor piratus: Dhali et al., 2017: 32, figs 58–62, pl. 16 (♀).</p><p>For a complete list of taxonomic references see WSC [2019].</p><p>MATERIAL. INDIA: 1 ♀ (NZC-ZSI 6374 /18), West Bengal, North 24 Parganas Distr., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=93.51278&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.663889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 93.51278/lat 25.663889)">Halisahar</a> (22.924791°N, 88.42254°E), 17 m a.s.l., 21.01.2017, S. Talukdar;  1 ♀ (NZC-ZSI 6661 /18), same state and distr., Palta (22.78°N, 88.37°E), 12 m a.s.l., 29.10.1980, B. Biswas;  1 ♂ (NZC-ZSI 6400 /18), Nagaland, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=93.51278&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.663889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 93.51278/lat 25.663889)">Peren Distr.</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=93.51278&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.663889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 93.51278/lat 25.663889)">Intangki National Park</a> (25.663889°N, 93.512778°E), 195 m a.s.l., 24.03.2017, Swati &amp; Aneesh  .</p><p>DISTRIBUTION. Réunion, India to Indonesia (Sulawesi) [WSC, 2019]; the distribution in India is shown on Map 1.</p><p>COMMENTS.  Bianor piratus was described from the holotype female and four paratype females collected from Dhupjhora, Gorumara National Park, West Bengal [Sen et al., 2015]. A detailed examination of the female specimen recently collected from West Bengal and its comparison with the images of presumably one of the paratypes provided to JC by Prof. Dinendra Raychaudhuri has revealed that  B. piratus actually belongs to the genus  Carrhotus . The epigyne with longitudinal depressions separated by a septum and the internal structures with long insemination ducts rising anteriorly and looping before entering the anterior region of the elongated spermathecae are identical to those of  C. sannio (cf. Figs 28–30 with Figs 25, 26, 27 and figs 67–70 in Żabka [1985]). Thus it is safe to conclude that this species is to be a member of  Carrhotus and be considered a junior synonym of  C. sannio .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/442A6E74BE7D12487304FAA9FBF57DC8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Caleb, John T. D.;Bera, Chandan;Acharya, Shelley	Caleb, John T. D., Bera, Chandan, Acharya, Shelley (2020): New species and synonymies in the genus Carrhotus Thorell, 1891 from India (Aranei: Salticidae: Salticini). Arthropoda Selecta 29 (1): 51-66, DOI: 10.15298/arthsel., URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7576486
442A6E74BE7D1245719CFA51FCC57E7C.text	442A6E74BE7D1245719CFA51FCC57E7C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Carrhotus silanthi Caleb 2020	<div><p>Carrhotus silanthi Caleb sp.n.</p><p>Figs 35–56, Map 1.</p><p>TYPES. Holotype ♂ (NZC-ZSI 6939 /18) and  paratype ♀ (NZC-ZSI 6940 /18) from India, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=80.1233&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.9141" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 80.1233/lat 12.9141)">Chennai</a>, Tambaram, Madras Christian College (12.9141°N, 80.1233°E), 32 m, a.s.l., 3.09.2016, J. Caleb &amp; J. Daniel.</p><p>ETYMOLOGY. The specific name is taken from Tamil word ‘silanthi’ meaning ‘spider’. It is treated as a noun in apposition.</p><p>DIAGNOSIS. The males of  C. silanthi sp.n. can be distinguished from those of  C. viduus (C.L. Koch, 1846) by their body colour pattern with no longitudinal stripes on the carapace and abdomen (present in  C. viduus) (cf. Figs 35, 36 with Figs 57, 59 and fig. 8 in Jastrzębski [1999] and fig. 1 in Caleb [2016]). The palpal conformation of  C. silanthi sp.n. closely resembles that of  C. viduus as well, but can be distinguished by the thinner embolus, the longer palpal tibia and the claw-shaped RTA (cf. Figs 44, 45, 52–55 with Figs 61, 62, 65–69). The females can be readily distinguished from those of  C. viduus by the internal duct system: viz., the insemination ducts move posteriorly towards each other to the copulatory openings (Figs 47, 51) (ducts move anteriorly and almost sub-parallel in  C. viduus, see Figs 64, 82).</p><p>DISTRIBUTION. India (Tamil Nadu) (Map 1).</p><p>DESCRIPTION. MALE (holotype). Total length: 6.14; carapace: 3.02 long, 2.37 wide; abdomen: 3.12 long, 2.31 wide. Carapace reddish brown, covered with iridescent hairs providing a metallic sheen (Fig. 35); lateral margins of carapace lined by broad patches of white hairs; posterior region black. Clypeal region brownish; eyes surrounded by yellowish orbital setae (Fig. 38). Eye measurements: AME 0.56, ALE 0.33, PME 0.08, PLE 0.25, AER 1.91, PER 1.97, EFL 1.19. Clypeus height 0.16. Chelicerae dark brown, with curved outer margins and excavated inner margins; two promarginal and one retromarginal teeth (Fig. 37). Sternum oval, brownish; labium and maxillae dark brown, with paler outer margins. Leg I robust; femora I-IV black dorsally; patellae and tibiae dark brown; tarsi and metatarsi of all legs brownish (Figs 35, 36). Leg measurements: I 8.12 (2.27, 1.46, 2.03, 1.49, 0.87); II 6.30 (1.92, 1.11, 1.37, 1.18, 0.72); III 6.36 (2.09, 1.17, 1.16, 1.25, 0.69); IV 6.01 (1.99, 0.96, 1.16, 1.28, 0.62). Leg formula: 1324. Leg spination: femora I 0600, II 0700, III 0700, IV 0700; patellae I–IV 1010; tibiae I 3036, II 3034, III 3133, IV 3133; metatarsi I 2024, II 2024, III 3044, IV 4044; tarsi I–IV 0000. Abdomen ovoid, densely covered with rusty brown hairs; anterior margin covered by white scales; pattern present on black background with a pair of white spots anteriorly and pairs of transverse stripes following posteriorly. Mid-dorsum covered with scales of metallic sheen (Figs 35, 36); venter yellowish, with a broad dark brown median region. Spinnerets brownish, covered with a patch of white hairs dorsally (Fig. 36). Palps dark brown; embolus short and thick with blunt tip; bulbus with posterior protrusion; RTA curved, claw-like (Figs 44, 45, 48, 49, 52–56).</p><p>FEMALE (paratype). Total length 4.92, carapace: 2.32 long, 1.83 wide; abdomen: 2.60 long, 1.91 wide. Eye measurements: AME 0.50, ALE 0.27, PME 0.08, PLE 0.22. AER 1.63, PER 1.74, EFL 1.03. Clypeus height 0.14. Leg measurements: I 4.25 (1.36, 0.81, 0.86, 0.70, 0.52); II 3.98 (1.34, 0.79, 0.73, 0.64, 0.48); III 4.32 (1.49, 0.75, 0.76, 0.80, 0.52); IV 4.08 (1.33, 0.63, 0.78, 0.81, 0.53). Leg formula: 3142. Leg spination: femora I 0700; II 0700, III 0700, IV 0700; patellae I–IV 1010; tibiae I 3036, II 3034, III 3133, IV 3133; metatarsi I 2024, II 2024, III 4034, IV 4043. Coloration pattern as in the male (Figs 39, 40), but differs as follows: AMEs surrounded by yellow orbital setae; clypeus covered with white hairs (Fig. 43); carapace with white hairs making an arc behind PLEs. Legs with white border on the distal margin of femur I–IV; other segments covered with sparse white hairs and black annulations alternatively. Epigyne with a pair of simple copulatory openings placed in small oval, yellowish depressions; insemination ducts short and diverge to join the stomach-shaped spermathecae (Figs 46, 47, 50, 51).</p><p>LIFE COLOUR. Both sexes look similar in general body colour pattern and are clothed with iridescent hairs. Colour varies from metallic green to bronze-green as shown in Fig. 40.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/442A6E74BE7D1245719CFA51FCC57E7C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Caleb, John T. D.;Bera, Chandan;Acharya, Shelley	Caleb, John T. D., Bera, Chandan, Acharya, Shelley (2020): New species and synonymies in the genus Carrhotus Thorell, 1891 from India (Aranei: Salticidae: Salticini). Arthropoda Selecta 29 (1): 51-66, DOI: 10.15298/arthsel., URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7576486
442A6E74BE70124171BCF93EFEBC7DF5.text	442A6E74BE70124171BCF93EFEBC7DF5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Carrhotus viduus (C. L. Koch 1846)	<div><p>Carrhotus viduus (C.L. Koch, 1846)</p><p>Figs 57–83, Map 2.</p><p>Plexippus viduus C.L. Koch, 1846: 104, fig. 1166 (D♂).</p><p>Carrhotus viduus: Andreeva et al., 1981: 103, figs 39–42 (♂♀); Prószyński, 1992: 169, fig. 7 (♂); Jastrzębski, 1999: 4, figs 8–11 (♂); Roy et al., 2016: 18, figs 14A–E, 25C, 27J (♀); Caleb, 2016: 273, figs 1–5 (♂).</p><p>Marpissa decorata Tikader, 1974: 206, figs. 4-6 (D♀); holotype &amp; paratype ♀ in NZC-ZSI, examined; comb.n., syn.n.</p><p>Marpissa tikaderi Biswas, 1984: 125, figs 14–16 (D♀); holotype ♀ in NZC-ZSI, examined; comb.n., syn.n.</p><p>Marpissa lakshmikantapurensis Majumder, 2004: 32, figs 11– 15 (D♀); holotype ♀ in the NZC-ZSI, examined; comb.n., syn.n.</p><p>For a complete list of taxonomic references see WSC [2019].</p><p>TYPES.  Marpissa decorata Tikader, 1974: HOLOTYPE ♀ (NZC-ZSI) from India, West Bengal, Calcutta, the Sibpur Botanical Garden, 10.11.1956, B.K. Tikader. PARATYPE: 1 ♀ (NZC-ZSI), together with the holotype. —  Marpissa lakshmikantapurensis Majumder, 2004: HOLOTYPE ♀ (NZC-ZSI 5470/18) from India, West Bengal, Lakshmikantapur, P.S. Mandirbazar, 18.11.1994, S.C. Majumder. —  Marpissa tikaderi Biswas, 1984: HOLOTYPE ♀ (NZC-ZSI 5118/ 18) from India, West Bengal, Calcutta, Alipore, Zoological Garden, 04.01.1982, B. Biswas.</p><p>OTHER MATERIAL. INDIA: 1 ♂ (NZC-ZSI 6259 /18), West Bengal, North 24 Parganas Distr., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=82.35758&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.95911" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 82.35758/lat 16.95911)">Halisahar</a> (22.924791°N, 88. 422547°E), 17 m a.s.l., 10.01.2017, S. Talukdar;  1 ♂ &amp; 2 subadults (NZC-ZSI 6313 /18), same state and distr., Halisahar (22.924791°N, 88.422547°E), 17 m a.s.l., 12.02.2017, S. Talukdar; 1 ♂ (NZC-ZSI 6361 /18), Nagaland, Dimapur, Forest colony (25.910434°N, 93.717406°E), 156 m a.s.l., 20.03.2017, Aneesh; 1 ♀ (NZC-ZSI 6454 /18), Surat (21.16°N, 72.83°E), 13.08.1917, unknown;  1 ♂, 1 ♀ (NZC-ZSI 6462 /18, 6463/18), West Bengal, South 24 <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=82.35758&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.95911" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 82.35758/lat 16.95911)">Parganas Distr.</a>, Tentulberia, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=82.35758&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.95911" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 82.35758/lat 16.95911)">Garia Railway Station</a> (22.467030°N, 88.404348°E), 7 m a.s.l., 18.02.2018, C. Bera;  1 ♂ (NZC-ZSI 6553 /18), West Bengal, Nadia, Kalyani (22.97°N, 88.43°E), 13 m a.s.l., 17.09.1969, D. Sinharny;  1 ♀ (ZSI-CDT-AA292), West Bengal, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=82.35758&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.95911" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 82.35758/lat 16.95911)">Sundarban Biosphere Reserve</a> (22.11°N, 88.84°E), 4 m a.s.l., 31.05.2016, Rushati Dey;  2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (NZC-ZSI 6916 /18), Andhra Pradesh, Hope Island (16.959111°N, 82.357583°E), 5 m a.s.l., 27.03.2019, Rameshkumar . —  IRAN (?): 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (NZC-ZSI 6674 /18), “Hung, Persian, Beluchistan”, W. T. Blanford .</p><p>COMMENTS. While examining old unidentified collections kept in the NZC-ZSI, we have identified three specimens of  C. viduus collected by William Thomas Blanford (1832–1905) from “Beluchistan” (=Balochistan). An exact collecting locality in Balochistan is unknown. Perhaps, the specimens were collected during his appointment as a member of the Persian boundary commission (1870 to 1872), where he recorded that the bulk of his collection was obtained between Gwadar and Shiraz [Blanford, 1876]. This record represents the westernmost locality of the species distribution.</p><p>Three Indian species with identical colour patterns were described in the genus  Marpissa C.L. Koch, 1846: viz.,  M. decorata Tikader, 1974,  M. tikaderi Biswas, 1984 and  M. lakshmikantapurensis Majumder, 2004 . All of them were described solely from the females and from nearby locations in West Bengal (see inset of Map 2).  M. decorata was first described from the Sibpur Botanical Garden, Kolkata, West Bengal and later was recorded from other localities in West Bengal, such as: Baikunthapur, Baraipur, Distr. 24 Parganas; Baranagar; Baishnabghata; Ballygunge Lake area [Tikader, Biswas, 1981]; Chapramari, Jalpaiguri [Sen et al., 2015]; Nepuchapur Tea Estate [Roy et al., 2016]. The holotype and paratype females of  M. decorata were re-examined and found to be identical to  C. viduus (cf. Figs 70–73 with Figs 60, 63, 64 and figs 41, 42 in Andreeva et al. [1981]). Thus, it is safe to conclude that the species  M. decorata is to be treated as a member of  Carrhotus and a junior synonym of  C. viduus .</p><p>M. lakshmikantapurensis was described from Lakshmikantapur, South 24 Parganas Distr., West Bengal. The holotype female (Fig. 76) was apparently dissected and the copulatory organs kept in a small vial in another glass tube from which the epigyne was found missing. However, the male palp of  C. viduus was found in the glass tube containing the vial (Figs 77, 78), probably belonging to the specimen collected together with the holotype female, indicating a potential matching of sexes and indicating the synonymy of both species names. Based on the general body morphology, the original illustrations of the copulatory organs and the aforementioned observation, it is safe to conclude that the species  M. lakshmikantapurensis is to be treated as a member of  Carrhotus and a junior synonym of  C. viduus .</p><p>M. tikaderi was described from zoological garden in Alipore, Kolkata from a single female. The general morphology and copulatory organs (Figs 80–82) leave no doubt that this species is to be treated as a member of  Carrhotus and a junior synonym of  C. viduus (Figs 60, 63–64).</p><p>DISTRIBUTION. India to China [WSC, 2019], Balochistan (new record); the distribution in India is shown in Map 2.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/442A6E74BE70124171BCF93EFEBC7DF5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Caleb, John T. D.;Bera, Chandan;Acharya, Shelley	Caleb, John T. D., Bera, Chandan, Acharya, Shelley (2020): New species and synonymies in the genus Carrhotus Thorell, 1891 from India (Aranei: Salticidae: Salticini). Arthropoda Selecta 29 (1): 51-66, DOI: 10.15298/arthsel., URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7576486
442A6E74BE741241730AF9B4FE1C7F5C.text	442A6E74BE741241730AF9B4FE1C7F5C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Carrhotus tristis Thorell 1895	<div><p>Carrhotus tristis Thorell, 1895</p><p>Map 1.</p><p>COMMENTS. The species was originally described by Thorell [1895] from Myanmar. It was later redescribed from a male specimen from Kolkata, India [Prószyński, 1992]. The male palp with the characteristic long, filiform embolus (see figs 8–11 in Prószyński [1992]) indicates that this species seems not to be a member of  Carrhotus . Its revised placement is to wait until both sexes have been collected together and described.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/442A6E74BE741241730AF9B4FE1C7F5C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Caleb, John T. D.;Bera, Chandan;Acharya, Shelley	Caleb, John T. D., Bera, Chandan, Acharya, Shelley (2020): New species and synonymies in the genus Carrhotus Thorell, 1891 from India (Aranei: Salticidae: Salticini). Arthropoda Selecta 29 (1): 51-66, DOI: 10.15298/arthsel., URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7576486
442A6E74BE74124172D8F8DCFC317F67.text	442A6E74BE74124172D8F8DCFC317F67.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Carrhotus yunnanensis (Song 1991) Gordana & Ambros 2020	<div><p>Carrhotus yunnanensis (Song, 1991) comb.n.</p><p>Figs 18, 19.</p><p>Ptocasius yunnanensis Song, 1991: 165, figs. 3A–D (D♀); the holotype in  Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, not examined.</p><p>Carrhotus kevinlii Cao et Li, in Cao et al., 2016: 56, figs 9A– D, 10A–E (D♂♀); the types in  Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, not examined, syn.n.</p><p>COMMENTS.  Ptocasius yunnanensis was described from the holotype female from Menglun, Mengla County, Yunnan, China. Another species,  Carrhotus kevinlii Cao et Li, 2016 was recently described from the holotype male and four paratypes (two male and two female) taken from the close locality Xishunagbanna Nature Reserve situated in the same province Yunnan [Cao et al., 2016]. The females of the both aforementioned species are identical in their general body morphology, as well as in the conformation of their copulatory organs. The carapace with a pair of dark brown patches on the posterior slope; abdomen with mid-dorsal, chevron-shaped dark brown markings; the epigyne with slitshaped copulatory openings and strongly sclerotized edges and a pair of pockets along its posterior margin; insemination ducts short and broad; spermathecae globular with its diameter as wide as the copulatory ducts (cf. figs 3A,C,D in Song [1991] with figs 10A, B, D in Cao et al. [2016]). Based on these morphological observations and taking into account that both species occur in the same province, it is safe to conclude that the species  C. kevinlii is conspecific to  C. yunnanensis and its name is to be synonymized with the latter one.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/442A6E74BE74124172D8F8DCFC317F67	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Caleb, John T. D.;Bera, Chandan;Acharya, Shelley	Caleb, John T. D., Bera, Chandan, Acharya, Shelley (2020): New species and synonymies in the genus Carrhotus Thorell, 1891 from India (Aranei: Salticidae: Salticini). Arthropoda Selecta 29 (1): 51-66, DOI: 10.15298/arthsel., URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7576486
