identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
4404813E147B3D47101DD15EFA1945BF.text	4404813E147B3D47101DD15EFA1945BF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ebenia Macquart 1846	<div><p>Genus  Ebenia Macquart, 1846a, b</p><p>Ebenia Macquart, 1846a: 299 (also published separately in 1846b: 171). Type species:  Ebenia claripennis Macquart, 1846a, b, by original designation (Brazil).</p><p>Comyopsis Townsend, 1919: 176 . Type species: Comyopsis  fumata Townsend, 1919, by original designation. Synonymy given by Santis &amp; Nihei (2022).</p><p>Comyops Wulp, 1891: 213, in key (1891: 262, description). Type species:  Comyops nigripennis Wulp, 1891, by subsequent designation of Brauer and Bergenstamm, 1893. New synonymy.</p><p>Remarks. Macquart (1846a, b: 299) mentioned about  Ebenia the following: “Le type de ce genre est du Brésil ” [“The type of this genus is from Brazil ”]. This statement is accepted as a type species designation for  Ebenia of the single included species,  Ebenia claripennis Macquart, from Brazil.</p><p>Included species:</p><p>claripennis Macquart, 1846a, b: 299. Holotype ♀: Brazil (NHMUK);  fumata (Wulp, 1891: 261) ( Morinia). Holotype ♂: Mexico, Tabasco (NHMUK);  neofumata Santis &amp; Nihei, 2022: 33 (nomem novum for  Comyopsis fumata Townsend, 1919: 176). Holotype ♂: Nicaragua: Chinandega (USNM);  nigripennis (Wulp, 1891: 262) ( Comyops). Lectotype ♂ (by designation herein) Mexico, Tabasco, Teapa (NHMUK)  comb. nov.;  striaticollis (Wulp, 1891: 262) ( Comyops). Holotype ♂: Mexico, Guerrero, Venta de Zopilote (NHMUK)  comb. nov.;  spinosa (Bigot, 1889: 268) ( Homodexia). Holotype ♂: Mexico (NHMUK)  comb. nov.;  Morinia trichopoda Wulp, 1891: 261 . Lectotype ♂ (by designation herein): Mexico, Tabasco, Teapa (NHMUK)  new synonymy</p><p>References. Brauer &amp; Bergenstamm (1891: 381, redescription of  Comyops); Brauer &amp; Bergenstamm (1893: 183, designation of  C. nigripennis Wulp, 1891 as type species of  Comyops); Townsend (1936: 49, diagnosis of adults and immatures of “  Ebeniini ” including  Comyops,  Comyopsis, and  Ebenia); Townsend (1939, redescription of: 156,  Comyops; 157,  Comyopsis and  Ebenia); Guimarães (1971, catalogue of Neotropical  Tachinidae: 109,  Comyops,  Comyopsis, and  Ebenia); Janzen &amp; Hallwachs (2005, host record of  Ebenia spp. in larvae of  Sceloenopla scherzeri (Baly, 1858)); Cuignet et al. (2008: host record of  Ebenia spp. in larvae of  Chelymorpha alternans Boheman, 1854 and  Spaethiella marginata (Champion, 1893)); Wood &amp; Zumbado (2010: 1372; 1392,  Ebenia in key to Central American  Tachinidae; 1403, comments about distribution and hosts); Evenhuis et al. (2016: 58, genus-groups names of Macquart) Stireman et al. (2019,  Ebenia in molecular phylogenetic analysis of  Tachinidae); O’Hara &amp; Henderson (2020, world checklist of tachinid genera: 21,  Comyops; 26,  Ebenia); O’Hara et al. (2020, checklist of World  Tachinidae: 91,  Comyops; 93,  Ebenia); Santis &amp; Nihei (2022,  Comyopsis as synonymous with  Ebenia; morphological phylogenetic analysis of  Dufouriini).</p><p>General characterization. Small, about 4.5 mm, blackish flies, with big eyes, almost touching on top, with arista long plumose, gena height very narrow in males, scutellum somewhat triangular and with abdomen mostly cylindrical.</p><p>Eyes with long setulae or scattered short setulae. Ocellar setae well developed, divergent and proclinate. Inner and outer vertical seta decussate and long. Arista long plumose. Fronto-orbital plate with uppermost frontal seta not reaching antennal insertion. Fronto-orbital plate with several setae around the antennal socketwihtout setae in male and with two proclinate and two reclinate orbital setae in females. Fronto-orbital plate in females about twice larger than males., parafacial bare. Genal dilation poorly developed. Lower facial margin not protruding, invisible in profile. Vibrissa arising at the level of lower facial margin, long and converging. Thorax. Postpronotal lobe with 2 setae. Notopleuron with 2 equal-sized setae. Intra-alar setae 1 +2. Intra-postalar seta absent. Supra-alar setae 1 +2. Postalar callus with 2 setae. Propleuron bare. Katepimeron setulose only on anterior region, with 1–3 setulae. Anepimeron with numerous long setae. Katepisternal setae 2. Anatergite setulose apically. Scutellum with one pair of basal, discal, lateral setae, and a pair of decussate apical setae; the apical one about 2x longer than the lateral. Postmetacoxal area membranous. Posterior spiracle with posterior lappet larger than anterior. Wing, with costal spine present. Cell r 4+5 open at wing margin; length of opening shorter than crossvein r-m. Crossvein dm-cu sinuous. Vein M 1 ending at wing margin close to tip, bent forward to R 4+5, forming an angle slightly smaller than 90°, and convex after bend. Legs. Males with claws and pulvilli longer than tarsomere 5, shorter in females. Abdomen with syntergite 1 + 2 with at least 4 pairs of lateral marginal setae; tergite 3 with at least 4 pairs of lateral marginal setae and a pair of median marginal seta, tergite 4 and 5 with a row of marginal setae. Male terminalia. Tergite 6 undivided, about 1/5 length of syntergosternite 7+ 8. Syntergosternite 7+ 8 broad. Sternite 6 symmetrical. Anterior epandrial process undeveloped. Cerci not fused, narrow, and distally slightly tapered in posterior view. Ejaculatory apodeme fan-shaped. Hypandrial arm short, hypandrial apodeme poorly distinguishable, with narrow central plate. Bacilliform sclerite, long, rod-like. Epiphallus present, distally narrow, and fused with basiphallus. Pregonite and postgonite not fused; pregonite fully fused to each other; postgonite with anterior margin weakly sclerotized, with setulae on anterior margin. Basiphallus subrectangular, usually as long as postgonite. Extension of dorsal sclerite of distiphallus long, more than half of the length of dorsal sclerite; dorsal sclerite ventrally serrulated; granular zone absent.</p><p>Diagnosis In order to differentiate  Ebenia from other  Dufouriini genera, the following diagnosis is given: Arista long plumose. Postpedicel about 2x the combined lengths of scape and pedicel. Fronto-orbital plate with several setae on the antennal socket. Prosternum setulose or bare. Anepimeron with numerous long setae. Anatergite setulose apically. Wing with vein M 1 ending at wing margin close to tip, bent forward to R 4+5, forming an angle slightly smaller than 90°. Abdominal tergites without discal setae. Male terminalia. Tergite 6 undivided, about 1/5 length of syntergosternite 7 + 8. Syntergosternite 7 + 8 broad. Sternite 6 symmetrical. Sternite 5 with slightly developed lobules, setulose, with basal plate long and slightly curved; sensilla “ trichodea ” present on distal portion. Ejaculatory apodeme fan-shaped.</p><p>Phylogenetic position. One undetermined species of  Ebenia was included in the molecular phylogeny of Stireman et al. (2019) and three species of  Ebenia and one species of  Comyops (here as syn. nov. of  Ebenia) were included in the phylogenetic analysis of Santis &amp; Nihei (2022). Both studies conclusively placed  Ebenia in the tribe  Dufouriini ( Dexiinae), and the latter placed  Ebenia +  Comyops as sister group of the genus  Dufouria Robineau-Desvoidy, and constituting a clade. This clade, named by Santis &amp; Nihei (2022) as clade 15, is supported by four unambiguous synapomorphies: fronto-orbital plate with several setae on the antennal socket (43:1); male terminalia with phallapodeme with fan-shaped apex (126:1); distiphallus with ventral sclerite with dorsal projection (139:1) and distiphallus with a distal portion (144:1). Additionally, clade 16 comprises  Ebenia and  Comyops and is supported by one unambiguous synapomorphy: male terminalia with surstylus with lateral setae (119:1). It is also supported by three unambiguous homoplasies: antenna with postpedicel subcylindrical (5X the ratio of length to width) (54:0); antenna with plumose arista (55:2) and abdominal tergites with pruinosity only on anterior margin (93:0).  Comyops possesses a single autapomorphy that differentiates it from  Ebenia: facial ridge with setulae until the antennal insertion (58:1).  Ebenia spp., that included  E. spinosa (as E. undetermined sp),  E. claripennis and  E. neofumata, possesses a single autapomorphy, male terminalia with cerci with a globose expansion (114:1) and two homoplasies, first instar larva with segment IV without microtrichia (14:1) and vein R 4+5 with dorsal setulosity beyond R base (87:1). Following the synonymy proposed herein, the synapomorphy of clade 16 it is an autapomorphy of the newly defined  Ebenia .</p><p>Distribution. Mexico (Veracruz, Tabasco, Guerrero), Costa Rica (Guanacaste, Cartago), Nicaragua, Trinidad &amp; Tobago and Brazil (Rio de Janeiro). In addition, based on the records of the CNC online database, some undetermined specimens of  Ebenia further expands the distribution of this genus by the following countries: Venezuela (Aragua), Colombia (Valle Rio Anchicaya), Ecuador (Napo) and Bolivia (Cochabamba).</p><p>Remarks. Guimarães 1971: 216) listed  Hylemyia probata Walker, 1861 from Mexico as an unrecognized species of  Tachinidae . I examined the holotype of this species in NHMUK and it is in poor condition with only a portion of the thorax remaining. D.M. Wood examined the specimen in 1989 and labeled it as “  Ebenia ”, but I have concluded that a determination to genus, or even to subfamily, is not possible based on the remaining structures of the holotype.</p><p>Key to  Ebenia species</p><p>1 – Eyes with conspicuous setulae (Fig. 7b; 8b) ………… 2.</p><p>– Eyes bare, or practically bare, at most with very short and widely scattered setulae………………………… 3.</p><p>2 – Thorax without pruinosity, wing smoky, abdomen with silvery pruinosity occupying just anterior margin of each tergite, about 1/5 of each segment laterally (Fig, 7a, c) ……………………….  E. nigripennis comb. nov.</p><p>– Thorax with silver pruinosity, wing hyaline, abdomen with silvery pruinosity almost reaching posterior margin laterally on each tergite (Fig. 8a, c) ……………………………..  E. striaticollis comb. nov.</p><p>3 – Prosternum with setulae …………………………….. 4.</p><p>– Prosternum bare …………………………………….. 5.</p><p>4 – Wing with vein R 4+5 with setulae beyond or at the level of r-m dorsally, wing hyaline (Fig. 1a, c). ………… ………………………………………….…  E.claripennis .</p><p>– Wing with vein R 4+5 with setulae ending about ¼ to crossvein r-m dorsally, wing smoky (Fig. 3a, c) ………………………………………………  E. fumata .</p><p>5 – Abdominal tergites without pruinosity, brownish black (Fig. 9a, c; 10 a, c) …………………………  E. spinosa .</p><p>– Abdominal tergites with silvery pruinosity,better visible on posterodorsal view, blackish (Fig. 4a, c) ……..................…………………………  E. neofumata .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4404813E147B3D47101DD15EFA1945BF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Domingos, Marcelo	Domingos, Marcelo (2024): Revision of the Neotropical Obscure Genus Ebenia Macquart 1846 (Diptera, Tachinidae, Dufouriini). Neotropical Entomology 53 (4): 833-853, DOI: 10.1007/s13744-024-01156-3, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-024-01156-3
4404813E14793D4713A5D1BFFA14401A.text	4404813E14793D4713A5D1BFFA14401A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dufouriini	<div><p>Key to  Dufouriini Genera</p><p>The dufouriines, as recognized by Santis &amp; Nihei (2022), are difficult to be succinctly characterized as many characters vary among its genera. Usually, dufouriines are small blackish tachinids with males bearing big eyes, almost touching on top, while females have eyes that are widely separated. In addition, females bear specialized terminalia that are particularly adapted to infect adult beetles utilizing different strategies and forms. To further assist the reader, a generalized description of the tribe is given: the head is always without orbital setae in males, parafacial is bare, facial carina absent, antennal axis at or below middle level of eye; lower facial margin not prominent, prementum shorter than head height. Thorax with bare prosternum, with two equal-sized notopleural setae, scutellum usually with strong apicals and basals; wing with cell R 5 open, just closed at the wing margin, or long petiolate. Abdomen is ovalate to somewhat cylindrical, chaetotaxy is irregular, with variation in both numbers and strength of setae, it may be absent, with just setulae, as in  Rondania dorsalis (Coquillett, 1902) or with numerous strong setae, as in  Dufouria chalybeata (Meigen, 1824) .</p><p>The following key is constructed in order to facilitate the recognition of  dufouriini genera.</p><p>1 – Antennae with plumose or pubescent arista, wing with costal spine developed in various lengths, cell R 5 open or just closed at the wing margin, abdomen shiny black or dark metallic, females with terminalia not exposed externally ……………………………….… 2.</p><p>– Antennae with pubescent or bare arista, wing without costal spine and cell R 5 closed at the wing margin or petiolate, abdomen with grey and yellow/orange coloration, females with terminalia exposed externally with 6th and 7th segment tubular and posteriorly directed (see Fig. 19B of Santis &amp; Nihei 2022) ……..………..…  Rondania Robineau-Desvoidy, 1850 .</p><p>2 – Eyes with setulae, appearing in different degrees, fronto-orbital plate with several setae on the antennal socket, females with terminalia presenting tergite 8 fused with sternite 8 in a cone shape and posteriorly directed (Fig. 11B) ………………………………… 3.</p><p>– Eyes bare, fronto-orbital plate without several setae on the antennal socket, females with terminalia presenting tergite 8 fused with sternite 8 in a peak shape and ventrally directed (see Fig. 20B of Santis &amp; Nihei 2022) ………………….......….  Chetoptilia Rondani, 1862 .</p><p>3 – Thorax with prosternum setulose or bare, anatergite setulose on upper region, abdomen without dense, erected and long setulae, without discal setae ……………………………  Ebenia Macquart 1846a, b</p><p>- Thorax with prosternum bare, anatergite bare, abdomen with dense, erected and long setulae, with discal setae ……......……...  Dufouria Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4404813E14793D4713A5D1BFFA14401A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Domingos, Marcelo	Domingos, Marcelo (2024): Revision of the Neotropical Obscure Genus Ebenia Macquart 1846 (Diptera, Tachinidae, Dufouriini). Neotropical Entomology 53 (4): 833-853, DOI: 10.1007/s13744-024-01156-3, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-024-01156-3
4404813E14793D41101DD5B8FA984440.text	4404813E14793D41101DD5B8FA984440.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ebenia claripennis Macquart 1846	<div><p>Ebenia claripennis Macquart 1846a, b</p><p>(Figs. 1 and 2).</p><p>Ebenia claripennis Macquart 1846a: 299 (also published separately in b: 171). References. Brauer (1898: 515, diagnostic traits); Townsend (1893: 22, catalogue); Thompson (1963: 478, redescription of male; 480, description of first instar larva); Guimarães 1971: 109, catalogue); O’Hara et al. (2020: 93, checklist of World  Tachinidae); Santis &amp; Nihei (2022, phylogenetic analysis).</p><p>Described from an unspecified number of females from “ Brésil ” [Brazil] from the collection of “M. Bigot”, which is the private collection of Jacques-Marie-Frangile Bigot. Bigot’s collection is mostly in the NHMUK and a smaller fraction in the OUMNH; all tachinids are deposited at NHMUK (Crosskey 1971). For a complete explanation of the acquisition of Bigot’s collection by the NHMUK, the reader can consult Crosskey (1971).</p><p>At the NHMUK  Diptera collection there is a single female that bears the usual label from Macquart that indicates a type specimen and includes the suffix “n.g., n.sp.” after the name [“  Ebenia claripennis ♀ ”] and the additional label of Bigot indicating the specific name and the sex symbol towards the top, the type-locality on the bottom left [“ Brésil ”] and authority of the species at the bottom right [“Macq.”]. Although there is a label attached to this specimen that indicates that this is a “ Holotype ”, Macquart did not restrict the name-bearing type to a single specimen and no lectotype fixation has been published subsequently. Thus, the “ holotype ” in NHMUK is technically a syntype (see Recommendation 73F of the Code (ICZN 1999), “Avoidance of assumption of holotype ”).</p><p>In the interests of nomenclatural stability and to restrict the name to a single specimen, female syntype in NHMUK is herein designated as lectotype of  Ebenia claripennis Macquart 1846a, b.</p><p>The current combination for this species is  Ebenia claripennis Macquart 1846a, b.</p><p>Type material examined   Lectotype ♀: “Holo-/ type”; “  Ebenia / claripennis/ ♀. n. g. nov. sp.” [handwritten]; “  Ebenia claripennis ♀/ Brésil Macq.” [handwritten]; “  Ebenia /  claripennis Macq. / holotype ♀/ Brazil [handwritten]/ ex. Bigot Coll:/ B.M.1960–539.”</p><p>Lectotype in poor condition. Specimen molded, with head, legs and abdomen detached from pinned thorax.</p><p>Additional examined material MEXICO. Veracruz: Acayucan, 1 ♂, 23.x.1957, R. &amp; R. Dreisbach (ARC); BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Nova Friburgo, 26.4.1937, 1 ♂, S. Lopes col. (MZSP), Universidade Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 1 ♂, 24.v.1961, Deak col (MZSP).</p><p>Diagnosis. Eyes with very small and widely scattered setulae. Fronto-orbital plate dark silver pruinose. Postpedicel entirely dark brown. Facial ridge with setulae only at base. Prosternum with setulae. Thorax with silver pruinosity. Wing hyaline; vein R 4+5 with setulae beyond the cross-vein r-m. Costal spine developed. Abdomen light brown with silvery pruinosity anteriorly on tergites 3 to 5. Male terminalia with surstylus bearing short spines laterally on posterior view.</p><p>Redescription of male.</p><p>Coloration (Fig. 1): Occiput with silver pruinosity. Head with dark silver pruinosity. Scape light brown and pedicel dark brown. Postpedicel dark brown. Arista dark brown, but proximal 1/5 light brown. Palpus tawny to yellowish. Labellum light brown, prementum shiny black. Scutum brownish, but presutural region and anterodorsal portion of postsutural region with brownish-silvery pruinosity; presutural region with five brownish-black vittae, the three central ones narrow and the two peripheral ones broad. Scutellum brownish. Wing hyaline. Tegula light brown, basicosta yellow. Halter yellowish-brown. Posterior spiracle light-brown. Legs brownish. Upper and lower calypters hyaline. Abdomen light brown with anterolateral silver pruinosity on tergites 3 to 5.</p><p>Head (Fig. 1): Vertex about 0.18 × head width in dorsal view. Width of parafacial, measured at distance between inner margin of eye and antennal insertion, 2 × height of gena. Postpedicel about 1.5 × the combined lengths of scape and pedicel. Frontal vitta narrowed dorsally. Eye about 0.8 × the head height. Gena about 0.12 × eye height. Prementum about 0.5 × head height. Labellum developed, about 0.1x as long as prementum.</p><p>Thorax (Fig. 1a, c): Acrostichal setae 3 + 3 (first presutural seta weak). Dorsocentral setae 2 + 2. Prosternum setulose. Setulose. Wing. Costal spine poorly developed. Vein R 4+5 with setulae dorsally beyond vein r-m and ventrally at base. Legs. Fore femur with posterodorsal and posteroventral rows of setae; fore tibia with 7 median anterodorsal, 1 posteroventral in distal third, 3 preapical, 2 anterodorsal and 1 posteroventral setae. Mid tibia with 4 anteroventral, 4 posteroventral setae on apical third; mid femur with anterodorsal setae on apical third, 2 preapical, and 2 posteroventral setae. Hind femur with posterodorsal and posteroventral rows of setae. Hind tibia with rows of anterodorsal (6) and posterodrosal setae (6), 3 submedian posteroventral, 4 preapical, 2 anterodorsal, and 2 posteroventral setae.</p><p>Abdomen (Fig. 1a, c): Syntergite 1 +2 with mid-dorsal longitudinal depression extending until ¼ to posterior margin. Syntergite 1 + 2 with at least 4 pairs of lateral marginal setae; tergite 3 with at least 4 pairs of lateral marginal setae and a pair of median marginal seta.</p><p>Terminalia (Fig. 2): Sternite 5 with slightly developed lobules, setulose, with basal plate long and slightly curved (Fig. 2a, c); sensilla “ trichodea ” present on distal portion. Epandrium broad in posterior view, setulose, and closed dorsally. Surstylus somewhat narrow, not fused with epandrium, convex, setulose in posterior view and with eight short spines laterally on frontal view; distally tapered in lateral view. Extension of dorsal sclerite of distiphallus ending in an expanded region.</p><p>Female. Differs from male as follows: head with fronto-orbital plate about twice larger as the male, two proclinate and two reclinate orbital setae. Abdomen shorter and broader than male.</p><p>First instar larvae. A complete description was given by Thompson (1963: 480), and the reader is referred to that work.</p><p>Biology. Parasitoid of  Coleoptera larvae. A specimen from MZSP is pinned with a larva of undetermined species of  Hispinae ( Chrysomelidae) with a puparium of  E. claripennis inside it.</p><p>Distribution. Mexico (Veracruz, new record), Trinidad &amp; Tobago and Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, new record).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4404813E14793D41101DD5B8FA984440	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Domingos, Marcelo	Domingos, Marcelo (2024): Revision of the Neotropical Obscure Genus Ebenia Macquart 1846 (Diptera, Tachinidae, Dufouriini). Neotropical Entomology 53 (4): 833-853, DOI: 10.1007/s13744-024-01156-3, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-024-01156-3
4404813E147D3D43138BD3E9FBBD4175.text	4404813E147D3D43138BD3E9FBBD4175.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ebenia fumata (Wulp 1891)	<div><p>Ebenia fumata (Wulp 1891) .</p><p>(Fig. 3).</p><p>Morinia fumata Wulp 1891: 261. References. Guimarães 1971: 110, catalogue – as an unplaced species of “  Ebeniini ”); O’Hara et al. (2020: 93, checklist of World  Tachinidae – new combination as  Ebenia).</p><p>Type material examined   Holotype ♂: “Holo-/ type”; “♂”; “Teapa,/ Tabasco./ Feb. H.H.S.”; “ Central America./ Pres. by/ F.D.Godman. / O.Salvin./ 1903–172.”; “B.C.A. Dipt.II./  Morinia / fumata,/ v.d. W.”; “ NHMUK 013933632 ”. Holotype in good condition  .</p><p>Additional examined material COSTA RICA. Guanacaste: P.N. Rincón de la Vieja, Sect. Santa Maria, Send. Pailas, Agua Fria, 800 m, 10.xi.2001, 1 ♂, D. Briceño &amp; Libre L., L.N_305475_392908 #65,644 (MNCR).</p><p>Diagnosis. Eyes with very small and widely scattered setulae. Fronto-orbital plate dark silver pruinose. Postpedicel entirely dark brown. Facial ridge with setulae only at base. Prosternum with setulae. Thorax with silver pruinosity. Wing smoky; with vein R 4+5 with setulae about ¼ halfway to crossvein r-m. Costal spine poorly developed. Abdomen light brown with silvery pruinosity anteriorly on tergites 3 to 5.</p><p>Redescription of holotype male.</p><p>Coloration (Fig. 3a–b, d): Occiput with silver pruinosity. Head with dark silver pruinosity. Scape light brown and pedicel dark brown. Postpedicel dark brown. Arista dark brown, but proximal 1/5 light brown. Palpus yellowish. Labellum light brown, prementum shiny black. Scutum brownish, but presutural region and anterodorsal portion of postsutural region with brownish-silvery pruinosity; presutural region with five brownish-black vittae, the three central ones narrow and the two peripheral ones broad. Scutellum brownish. Wing smoky on apical region. Tegula and basicosta dark brown. Halter yellowish. Posterior spiracle light-brown. Legs brownish. Upper and lower calypters hyaline. Abdomen light brown with anterolateral silver pruinosity on tergites 3 to 5.</p><p>Head (Fig. 3a–b, d): Vertex about 0.12× head width in dorsal view. Width of parafacial, measured at distance between inner margin of eye and antennal insertion, 2 × height of gena. Fronto-orbital plate with setulae throughout its length. Frontal vitta narrowed dorsally. Eye about 0.9× the head height. Gena about 0.12 × eye height. Prementum about 0.5 × head height. Labellum developed, about 0.1x as long as prementum.</p><p>Thorax (Fig. 3a, d): Acrostichal setae 3 + 3 (first presutural seta weak). Dorsocentral setae 2 +2. Prosternum setulose. Wing. Costal spine poorly developed. Vein R 4+5 with setulae dorsally about ¼ halfway to crossvein and ventrally at base. Legs. Fore femur with posterodorsal and posteroventral rows of setae; fore tibia with 7 median anterodorsal, 1 posteroventral in distal third, 3 preapical, 2 anterodorsal and 1 posteroventral setae. Mid tibia with 3 anteroventral, 3 posteroventral setae on apical third; mid femur with anterodorsal setae on apical third, 2 preapical, and 2 posteroventral setae. Hind femur with posterodorsal and posteroventral rows of setae. Hind tibia with 2 long submedian anteroventral setae and 2 short apical setae, 4 preapical, 2 anterodorsal, and 2 posteroventral setae.</p><p>Abdomen (Fig. 3a, d): Syntergite 1 +2 with mid-dorsal longitudinal depression extending until ¼ to posterior margin. Syntergite 1+2 with at least 4 pairs of lateral marginal setae; tergite 3 with at least 4 pairs of lateral marginal setae and a pair of median marginal seta.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Biology. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Mexico (Tabasco) and Costa Rica (Guanacaste, new record).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4404813E147D3D43138BD3E9FBBD4175	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Domingos, Marcelo	Domingos, Marcelo (2024): Revision of the Neotropical Obscure Genus Ebenia Macquart 1846 (Diptera, Tachinidae, Dufouriini). Neotropical Entomology 53 (4): 833-853, DOI: 10.1007/s13744-024-01156-3, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-024-01156-3
4404813E147D3D4F101DD104FEB143E6.text	4404813E147D3D4F101DD104FEB143E6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ebenia neofumata Santis & Nihei 2022	<div><p>Ebenia neofumata Santis &amp; Nihei 2022</p><p>(Figs. 4 and 5).</p><p>Ebenia neofumata Santis &amp; Nihei 2022: 33 . Nomem novum by Santis &amp; Nihei (2022) for  Comyopsis fumata Townsend 1919 .  Comyopsis fumata, Townsend 1919: 176 . References. Thompson (1963: 475, redescription of male; 477, description of first instar larva); Guimarães 1971: 109, catalogue); Maes (1989: 23, catalogue of parasitoids from Nicaragua); O’Hara et al. (2020: 93, checklist of World  Tachinidae); Santis &amp; Nihei (2022, phylogenetic analysis).</p><p>Additional examined material   COSTA RICA. Guanacaste: P.N. Rincón de la Vieja, Sect. Santa Maria, Send. Pailas,  Agua Fria, 800 m, 2–5.x.2001, 1 ♂, D. Briceño &amp; Libre L., L.N_305475_392908 #64,949 (MNCR)  .</p><p>Diagnosis. Eyes with only a few, scattered short setulae. Fronto-orbital plate dark silver pruinose. Postpedicel entirely dark brown. Facial ridge with setulae only at base. Prosternum bare. Thorax with silver pruinosity. Wing smoky; vein R 4+5 with setulae ending at the r-m. Costal spine very long, about 3 × the length of adjacent setae. Abdomen blackish, with silver pruinosity only visible on posterior view, occupying about anterior half of tergite 3 and 4. Male terminalia with surstylus setulose in frontal view.</p><p>Redescription of male.</p><p>Coloration (Fig. 4): Occiput with silver pruinosity. Head with dark silver pruinosity. Antenna dark brown. Arista dark brown, but proximal 1/5 light brown. Palpus dark brown. Labellum light brown, prementum shiny black. Scutum brownish, but posterior part of the postpronotal lobe silvery pruinose. Wing smoky. Calypters smoky. Tegula and basicosta dark brown. Halter yellowish-brown. Posterior spiracle light-brown. Legs brownish black. Upper and lower calypters smoky to dark brown. Abdomen blackish, with silver pruinosity only visible on posterior view, occupying about anterior half of tergite 3 and 4.</p><p>Head (Fig. 4): Vertex about 0.13 × head width in dorsal view. Width of parafacial, measured at distance between inner margin of eye and antennal insertion, 2 × height of gena. Fronto-orbital plate with setulae throughout its length. Frontal vitta narrowed dorsally. Eye about 0.85×the head height. Gena about 0.12 × eye height. Prementum about 0.5 × head height. Labellum developed, about 0.1x as long as prementum.</p><p>Thorax (Fig. 4a, c): Acrostichal setae 2 + 1. Dorsocentral setae 2 + 2. Setulose. Anepisternum with one seat on anterior upward region. Wing. Costal spine very long, about 3 × the length of adjacent setae. Vein R 4+5 with setulae ending just at the r-m. Legs. Fore femur with posterodorsal and posteroventral rows of setae; fore tibia with a row of anterodorsal setae, 3 preapical, 2 anterodorsal and 1 posteroventral setae. Mid tibia with 5 anteroventral, 5 posteroventral setae on apical third; mid femur with 2 posterodorsal setae and 1 anteroventral setae on distal third, 2 preapical, and 2 posteroventral setae. Hind femur with posterodorsal and posteroventral rows of setae. Hind femur with a row of 8 anteroventral, 8 posteroventral setae, hind tibia with 5 anterodorsal setae, and 1 postodorsal setae on distal third, 2 preapicals, 2 anterodorsal setae.</p><p>Abdomen (Fig. 4a, c): Syntergite 1 +2 with mid-dorsal longitudinal depression extending until ½ to posterior margin. Syntergite 1 + 2 with at least 4 pairs of lateral marginal setae; tergite 3 with at least 4 pairs of lateral marginal setae and a pair of median marginal seta.</p><p>Terminalia (Fig. 5): Sternite 5 with slightly developed lobules, setulose, with basal plate long and slightly curved; sensilla “ trichodea ” present on distal portion. Epandrium broad in posterior view, setulose, and closed dorsally. Anterior epandrial process undeveloped. Cerci not fused, narrow, apically rounded and distally slightly tapered in posterior view. Surstylus somewhat narrow, not fused with epandrium, convex, with seven long setulae in frontal view; distally tapered in lateral view (Fig. 5A, C). Extension of dorsal sclerite of distiphallus ending in an expanded region.</p><p>Female. Following the description of Thompson (1963: 472), it differs from male by the following: head with vertex about 4x width of front. Ocellar setae weak, proclinate-divergent. A pair of strong proclinate orbitals and between these but near the anterior orbital, a strong reclinate frontal seta.</p><p>First instar larvae. A complete description was given by Thompson (1963: 477), and the reader is referred to that work.</p><p>Biology. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Puerto Rico, Trinidad &amp; Tobago, Nicaragua (Chinandega), Mexico (Tabasco) and Costa Rica (Guanacaste, new record).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4404813E147D3D4F101DD104FEB143E6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Domingos, Marcelo	Domingos, Marcelo (2024): Revision of the Neotropical Obscure Genus Ebenia Macquart 1846 (Diptera, Tachinidae, Dufouriini). Neotropical Entomology 53 (4): 833-853, DOI: 10.1007/s13744-024-01156-3, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-024-01156-3
4404813E14713D4913A5D260FB974269.text	4404813E14713D4913A5D260FB974269.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ebenia nigripennis (Wulp 1891) Domingos 2024	<div><p>Ebenia nigripennis (Wulp 1891) comb. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 6 and 7).</p><p>Comyops nigripennis Wulp 1891: 262 . References. Brauer &amp; Bergenstamm (1893: 183, designation of  C. nigripennis as type species of  Comyops); Thompson (1963: 472, redescription of male; 474, description of first instar larva); Guimarães 1971: 109, catalogue); O’Hara et al. (2020: 91, checklist of World  Tachinidae); Santis &amp; Nihei (2022, phylogenetic analysis).</p><p>Remark. At the NHMUK collection the two male syntypes from the original description of Wulp were examined by D.M. Wood. One male presents a lectotype label and the other male a paralectotype label attached by Wood in 1989. However, the lectotype designation was not published. In the interests of nomenclatural stability and to restrict the name to a single specimen, the male syntype bearing Wood’s lectotype label and the additional label “NHMUK 013933635” is hereby designated as lectotype of  Comyops nigripennis Wulp 1891 .</p><p>The current combination for this species is  Ebenia nigripennis (Wulp, 1891) comb. nov.</p><p>Type material examined   Lectotype ♂: “Lecto-/ type”; “♂”; “Teapa,/ Tabasco./ Jan. H.H.S.”; “B.C.A. Dipt.II./  Comyops / nigripennis,/ v.d. W.”; “ Central America./ Pres. by/ F.D.Godman. / O.Salvin. / 1903–172.”; “Lectotype ♂/ of  Comyops nigripennis Wlp / designated 1989/ D. M. Wood”; “ NHMUK 013933635 ”  . Lectotype in good condition.</p><p>Paralectotype ♂: “Teapa,/ Tabasco./ Jan. H.H.S.”; “B.C.A. Dipt.II./  Comyops / nigripennis,/ v.d. W.”; “ Central America./ Pres. by/ F.D.Godman. / O.Salvin. / 1903–172.”; “Paralectotype ♂/ of  Comyops nigripennis Wlp / designated 1989/ D. M. Wood ”.</p><p>Additional examined material   BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Nova Friburgo,  Mury, 1 ♂, 1–30.i.1973, Gred &amp; Guimarães col (MZSP)  .</p><p>Diagnosis. Eyes with conspicuous setulae. Fronto-orbital plate dark silver pruinose. Postpedicel entirely dark brown. Facial ridge with setulae present almost at the antennal insertion. Prosternum setulose. Thorax without silver pruinosity. Legs brownish black. Wing smoky, mainly on apical portion; veinR 4+5 with setulae dorsally hallway to r-m. Costal spine poorly developed. Abdomen with silvery pruinosity on each tergite, occupying just anterior margin, about 1/5 of each segment. Male terminalia with surstylus presenting long setulae laterally on frontal view.</p><p>Redescription of lectotype male.</p><p>Coloration (Fig. 6a–c): Occiput with silver pruinosity. Head with dark silver pruinosity. Antenna dark brown. Arista dark brown, but proximal 1/5 light brown. Palpus brownish. Labellum light brown, prementum shiny black. Scutum brownish, but posterior part of the postpronotal lobe silvery pruinose. Wing smoky on apical region. Tegula and basicosta dark brown. Halter yellowish. Posterior spiracle light-brown. Legs brownish. Upper and lower calypters hyaline. Abdomen brownish, with brownish pruinosity only visible on posterior view, occupying about the entire surface of tergite 3 and 4.</p><p>Head (Fig. 6a–c): Vertex about 0.1 × head width in dorsal view. Width of parafacial, measured at distance between inner margin of eye and antennal insertion, 2× height of gena. Fronto-orbital plate with setulae throughout its length. Frontal vitta narrowed dorsally. Eye about 0.9× the head height. Gena about 0.1 ×eye height. Labellum developed, about 0.1x as long as prementum.</p><p>Thorax (Fig. 6a, c): Acrostichal setae 2 + 1. Dorsocentral setae 2 + 3. Prosternum setulose. Anepisternum with one seat on anterior upward region. setulose. Wing. Costal spine poorly developed. Vein R 4+5 with setulae dorsally hallway to vein r-m and ventrally just at base. Legs. Fore femur with posterodorsal and posteroventral rows of setae; fore tibia with 1 posteroventral on distal third, 2 preapical, 1 anterodorsal and 1 posteroventral setae. Mid tibia with 3 anteroventral, 3 posteroventral setae on apical third; mid femur with anterodorsal setae on apical third, 2 preapical, and 2 posteroventral setae. Hind femur with posterodorsal and posteroventral rows of setae. hind tibia with 5 anterodorsal setae, and 1 postodorsal setae on distal third, 2 preapicals, 2 anterodorsal setae.</p><p>Abdomen (Fig. 6a, c): Syntergite 1 + 2 with mid-dorsal longitudinal depression extending until ½ to posterior margin. Syntergite 1 + 2 with at least 4 pairs of lateral marginal setae; tergite 3 with at least 4 pairs of lateral marginal setae and a pair of median marginal seta.</p><p>Terminalia (Fig. 7): Sternite 5 with slightly developed lobules, setulose, with basal plate long and slightly curved; sensilla “ trichodea ” present on distal portion. Epandrium broad in posterior view, setulose, and closed dorsally. Surstylus somewhat narrow, not fused with epandrium, convex, setulose in posterior view and with about 10 long setulae laterally on posterior view; distally tapered in lateral view (Fig. 7A, C). Extension of dorsal sclerite of distiphallus ending in a confluent region.</p><p>Female. Following the description of Thompson (1963: 472), it differs from male by the following: head with vertex about 4x width of front. Ocellar setae weak, proclinate-divergent. A pair of strong proclinate orbitals and between these but near the anterior orbital, a strong reclinate frontal seta. Abdominal tergite 1+ 2 with no marginal or discal setae, but a pair of strong lateral setae.</p><p>First instar larvae. A complete description was given by Thompson (1963: 474), and the reader is referred to that work.</p><p>Biology. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Mexico, Trinidad &amp; Tobago and Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, new record).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4404813E14713D4913A5D260FB974269	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Domingos, Marcelo	Domingos, Marcelo (2024): Revision of the Neotropical Obscure Genus Ebenia Macquart 1846 (Diptera, Tachinidae, Dufouriini). Neotropical Entomology 53 (4): 833-853, DOI: 10.1007/s13744-024-01156-3, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-024-01156-3
4404813E14773D4B101DD2EAFDB543A2.text	4404813E14773D4B101DD2EAFDB543A2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ebenia striaticollis (Wulp 1891) Domingos 2024	<div><p>Ebenia striaticollis (Wulp 1891) comb. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 8).</p><p>Comyops  striaticollis Wulp 1891: 262 . References. Guimarães 1971: 109, catalogue); O’Hara et al. (2020: 91, checklist of World  Tachinidae).</p><p>Type material examined   Holotype ♂: “Holo-/ type”; “ ♂ ”; “ Venta de Zopilote,/ Guerrero, 2800 ft,/ Oct. H.H.S.”; “B.C.A. Dipt.II./  Comyops / striaticollis,/ v.d. W.”; “ Central America./ Pres. by/ F.D.Godman. / O.Salvin. / 1903–172.”; “ NHMUK 013933636 ”  . Holotype in good condition.</p><p>The current combination for this species is  Ebenia striaticollis (Wulp 1891) comb. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis. Eyes with conspicuous setulae. Fronto-orbital plate silver pruinose. Postpedicel dark brown, but about ¼ dorsal light brown. Facial ridge with setulae present almost at the antennal insertion. Prosternum setulose. Thorax with silver pruinosity. Legs brownish to light brown. Wing hyaline; vein R 4+5 with setulae dorsally hallway to vein r-m. Costal spine poorly developed. Abdomen with silvery pruinosity on each tergite, almost reaching posterior margin.</p><p>Redescription of holotype male.</p><p>Coloration (Fig. 8a–c): Occiput with silver pruinosity. Head with silver pruinosity. Scape and pedicel brownish. Postpedicel light brown. Arista dark brown, but proximal 1/5 light brown. Palpus yellowish. Labellum light brown, prementum shiny black. Scutum brownish, but presutural region and anterodorsal portion of postsutural region with brownish-silvery pruinosity; presutural region with four brownish-black vittae, the two central ones narrow and the two peripheral ones broad. Wing hyaline. Calypters hyaline. Tegula and basicosta dark brown. Halter yellowish. Posterior spiracle light-brown. Legs brownish. Upper and lower calypters hyaline. Abdomen brownish, with brownish pruinosity reaching about halt the length of each tergite anteriorly.</p><p>Head (Fig. 8a–c): Vertex about 0.11×head width in dorsal view. Width of parafacial, measured at distance between inner margin of eye and antennal insertion, 2×height of gena. Fronto-orbital plate with setulae throughout its length. Frontal vitta narrowed dorsally. Eye about 0.76 ×the head height. Gena about 0.13 ×eye height. Prementum about 0.5×head height. Labellum developed, about 0.1x as long as prementum.</p><p>Thorax (Fig. 8a, c): Acrostichal setae 2 + 2. Dorsocentral setae 2 +3. Prosternum setulose. Anepisternum with one seat on anterior upward region. Wing. Costal spine poorly developed. Vein R 4+5 with setulae dorsally hallway to vein r-m and ventrally just at base. Legs. Fore femur with posterodorsal and posteroventral rows of setae; fore tibia with 1 posteroventral on distal third, 2 preapical, 1 anterodorsal and 1 posteroventral setae. Mid tibia with 4 anteroventral, 4 posteroventral setae on apical third, 6 anterodorsal seta on distal third; mid femur with anterodorsal setae on apical third, 2 preapical, and 2 posteroventral setae. Hind femur with 3 posterodorsal and 3 posteroventral and 2 preapicals, 1 anterodorsal and 1 posterodorsal setae.</p><p>Abdomen (Fig. 8a, c): Syntergite 1 +2 with mid-dorsal longitudinal depression extending until ½ to posterior margin. Syntergite 1 + 2 with at least 4 pairs of lateral marginal setae; tergite 3 with at least 4 pairs of lateral marginal setae and a pair of median marginal seta.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Biology. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Mexico (Guerrero).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4404813E14773D4B101DD2EAFDB543A2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Domingos, Marcelo	Domingos, Marcelo (2024): Revision of the Neotropical Obscure Genus Ebenia Macquart 1846 (Diptera, Tachinidae, Dufouriini). Neotropical Entomology 53 (4): 833-853, DOI: 10.1007/s13744-024-01156-3, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-024-01156-3
4404813E14753D5713A5D3A2FD4C403B.text	4404813E14753D5713A5D3A2FD4C403B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ebenia spinosa (Bigot 1889) Domingos 2024	<div><p>Ebenia spinosa (Bigot 1889) comb. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 9, 10 and 11).</p><p>Homodexia spinosa Bigot 1889: 268 . Male holotype (NHMUK). Type locality: Mexico. Reference. Wulp 1891: 264, diagnostic traits; close resemblance with  Morinia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 sensu Wulp, i.e.,  Ebenia in part);  Ebenia spinosa (Bigot 1889) . Reference. Brauer (1898: 515, diagnostic traits; close to  Thelairodes Wulp 1891);  Thelairodes spinosus (Bigot 1889) . References. Guimarães 1971: 195, catalogue); O’Hara et al. (2020: 174, checklist of World  Tachinidae).</p><p>Morinia trichopoda Wulp 1891: 261 . Mexico, Veracruz and Tabasco. Two males syntypes and a single female syntype (NHMUK). New synonymy  Ebenia trichopoda (Wulp 1891) . References. Guimarães 1971: 109, catalogue); O’Hara et al. (2020: 93, checklist of World  Tachinidae).</p><p>Type material examined   Holotype ♂ of  Homodexia spinosa Bigot 1889: “Holo-/ type”; “  E. spinosula ♂./  Homodexia id olim/ J. Bigot. Mexique”; “♂”;  Homodexia /  spinosa Bigot / holotype ♂/ Mexico [handwritten]/ ex.Bigot Coll: B.M.1960– 539.”; “BMNH(E) #/ 230,979”; “ NHMUK 013933633 ″  . Holotype in fair condition, slightly molded; head and wings damaged, only a single hind leg present.</p><p>Remarks. In the original description of  Morinia trichopoda, Wulp 1891: 261) mentioned “ Six male and two female specimens”, however, at the NHMUK collection, only two males and one female could be found. These three syntypes were examined by D.M. Wood. One male presents a lectotype label and the other specimens a paralectotype label each attached by Wood in 1989. However, the lectotype designation was not published. In the interests of nomenclatural stability and to restrict the name to a single specimen, the male syntype that bears Wood’s lectotype label and the additional label “ NHMUK 013933635” is hereby designated as lectotype of  Morinia trichopoda Wulp 1891 .</p><p>The current status for this species is a junior synonymy of  Homodexia spinosa Bigot 1889 .</p><p>Type material examined   Lectotype ♂ of  Morinia trichopoda Wulp 1891: “Lecto-/ type”; “ ♂ ”; “Teapa,/ Tabasco./ Jan. H.H.S.”; “B.C.A. Dipt.II./  Morinia / trichopoda,/ v.d. W.”; “ Central America./ Pres. by/ F.D.Godman. / O.Salvin./ 1903– 172.”; “Lectotype ♂ / of  Morinia
/ 
trichopoda Wlp / designated 1989/ D. M. Wood ”; “ NHMUK 013933635 ”  .</p><p>Paralectotype ♂: “Teapa,/ Tabasco./ March. H.H.S.”; “B.C.A. Dipt.II./  Morinia / trichopoda,/ v.d. W.”; “  Central America ./ Pres. by/ F.D.Godman. / O.Salvin./ 1903–172.”; “Paralectotype ♂/ of  Morinia /  trichopoda Wlp / designated 1989/ D. M. Wood ”.</p><p>Paralectotype ♀: “Vera,/ Tabasco./ March. H.H.S.”; “B.C.A. Dipt.II./  Morinia / trichopoda,/ v.d. W.”; “  Central America ./ Pres. by/ F.D.Godman. / O.Salvin./ 1903–172.”; “Paralectotype ♀/ of  Morinia /  trichopoda Wlp / designated 1989/ D. M. Wood ”  .</p><p>Additional examined material COSTA RICA. Cartago: P.N. Barbilla, 3 km, S.F. de la Estación, 400 m, 16.xii.2000, 1 ♀, E. Rojas, Manual, L.N_216200_598100 #62,968 (MNCR); BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Casimiro de Abreu, Rebo União, Trilha do Buração, malaise, 1 ♀, 8.iii.2014, Eq. col., Biota  Diptera Fluminense (MNRJ), ditto, Trilha Três Pontes, 1 ♀, 27.v-27. vi.2013, Eq. col., Biota  Diptera Fluminense (MNRJ) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Eyes with conspicuous setulae. Fronto-orbital plate silver pruinose. Postpedicel dark brown, but about ¼ dorsal light brown. Facial ridge with setulae present almost at the antennal insertion. Prosternum setulose. Thorax with silver pruinosity. Legs brownish to light brown. Wing hyaline; vein R 4+5 with setulae dorsally hallway to vein r-m. Costal spine poorly developed. Abdomen with silvery pruinosity on each tergite, almost reaching posterior margin.</p><p>(Figs. 9–11 here). Redescription of male.</p><p>Coloration (Fig. 9a–b, d): Occiput with silver pruinosity. Head with dark silver pruinosity. Scape light brown and pedicel dark brown. Postpedicel dark brown. Arista dark brown, but proximal 1/5 light brown. Palpus yellowish. Labellum light brown, prementum shiny black. Scutum brownish, but presutural region and anterodorsal portion of postsutural region with brownish-silvery pruinosity; presutural region brownish-black, with a silver pruinosy median vittae. Wing smoky on apical region. Tegula and basicosta dark brown. Calypters smoky. Halter yellowish. Posterior spiracle light-brown. Legs brownish. Upper and lower calypters hyaline. Abdomen brownish, without pruinosity.</p><p>Head (Fig. 9a–b, d): Vertex about 0.14 ×head width in dorsal view. Width of parafacial, measured at distance between inner margin of eye and antennal insertion, 2 × height of gena. Fronto-orbital plate with setulae throughout its length. Frontal vitta narrowed dorsally. Eye about 0.8 ×the head height. Gena about 0.16 × eye height. Labellum developed, about 0.1x as long as prementum.</p><p>Thorax (Fig. 9a, c): Acrostichal setae 2 + 1 (first presutural seta weak). Dorsocentral setae 1 +2. Prosternum setulose. Anepisternum with one seat on anterior upward region. Wing. Costal spine well developed. Vein R 4+5 with setulae beyond the r-m and ventrally at base. Legs. Fore femur with posterodorsal and posteroventral rows of setae; fore tibia with 7 median anterodorsal, 1 posteroventral in distal third, 5 preapicals, 2 anterodorsal, 1 lateral and 2 posteroventral setae. Mid tibia with 3 anteroventral, 3 posteroventral setae on apical third; mid femur with anterodorsal setae on apical third, 2 preapical, and 2 posteroventral setae. Hind femur with posterodorsal and posteroventral rows of setae. Hind tibia with 2 long submedian anteroventral setae and 2 short apical setae, 4 preapical, 2 anterodorsal, and 2 posteroventral setae.</p><p>Abdomen (Fig. 9a, c): Syntergite 1 +2 with mid-dorsal longitudinal depression extending until ½ to posterior margin. Syntergite 1 + 2 with at least 4 pairs of lateral marginal setae; tergite 3 with at least 4 pairs of lateral marginal setae and a pair of median marginal seta.</p><p>Female. Differs from male as follows (Fig. 10): Head vertex about 0.21 × head width in dorsal view, with fronto-orbital plate with 1 proclinate, followed apically by 1 reclinate and other 1 proclinate pairs of setae. Frontal vittae equal length from the vertex, viewed dorsally. Legs with claws and pulvilli shorter than tarsomere 5. Abdomen shorter and broader than in the male, brownish black.</p><p>Terminalia (Fig. 11b): Tergites 6–7 and sternites 6–7 as a subrectangular plate with setae posteriorly. Tergite 8 fused with sternite 8, forming a cone shape (posteriorly facing) structure. Sternite 9 well-developed and long. Sternite 10 long, rod-shaped, with setulae along its structure. Cercus subovalate with setulae posteriorly. Spermatheca (Fig. 11a): two narrow, subovalate and one ovalate, broader; slightly rugose with a pore apically.</p><p>Biology. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Mexico (Tabasco); Costa Rica (Cartago, new record); Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, new record).</p><p>Remarks. Jacques-Marie-Frangile Bigot (1818–1893) was a French dipterist who accumulated an exceptionally rich collection of material from the Neotropical region over the years. Mexico was frequently cited for type localities, enabling the description of numerous new species. However, there are two main problems with his species: (1) because of Bigot’s brief and uninformative descriptions, “…without reference to the type specimens it is virtually impossible to recognize any of the genera and species which Bigot described…” (Crosskey 1971: 293) and (2) for his careless regard for nomenclature and orthography (see, e.g., Verrall 1889). The holotype of this species is a fine example of Bigot’s procedure. One can read at the original label of the holotype male (Fig. 9D), by the handwriting of Bigot himself, “  Homodexia id olim ”; “id.” meaning idem and “olim” for formerly, i.e., equal to the formerly genus. In addition, Bigot wrote “  E. spinosula ”, and not  Homodexia spinosa . Thus, Bigot, since the original description, probably had changed his mind and preferred to consider this species as belonging to  Ebenia and not  Homodexia, as Brauer (1898) noted. Additionally, Wulp 1891: 264) considered  Homodexia spinosa with a close resemblance with  Morinia (=  Ebenia in part, sensu Wulp). On the other hand, Brauer (1898) considered that the characters of this species agree with the genus  Thelairodes Wulp 1891 . Probably following Brauer (1898), Guimarães (1971) placed this genus as belonging to  Thelairodes, a placement followed by O’Hara et al. (2020). Herein, I could confirm Bigot’s change of mind as seen in his label by showing that  Homodexia spinosa is indeed a species pertaining to  Ebenia as the diagnostic characters above shows.</p><p>Additional complexities for anyone studying Bigot’s material are that his type-specimens are normally only known to the country and he never cites the names of the collectors. Most of the insects collected in Mexico, especially for the nineteenth century, were acquired in Europe through professional collectors, who explored Mexico for many years, visiting almost every state of the country. Thus, Papavero (1971) considered very likely that Bigot studied the collections gathered in Mexico by Louis Pilate (1816–1852), a French naturalist; by three naturalists that belonged to a Belgian commission charged by the government to undertake a scientific exploration that included Mexico: August Boniface Ghiesbreght (1810–1893), a Belgian zoologist; Jean Jules Linden (1817–1898), a Belgian botanist, and Nicholas Funck (1817–1896) a Luxembourgish, the artist of the expedition. Additionally, the naturalists, that are also known for sending part of their collections to Luigi Bellardi (1818–1889) in Italy, could also have been used by Bigot in his works: Auguste Sallé (1820–1896) a French traveler, Adrien Jean Louis François Sumichrast (1828–1882) a Swiss naturalist and professional collector, Henri Louis Frédéric de Saussure (1829–1905), a Swiss mineralogist and entomologist, and Adolphe Boucard (1839–1905) a French ornithologist and collector. Thus, it is virtually impossible to state a precise locality for  E. spinosa without at least the information of who, among those distinguished travelers and naturalists that visited different regions of Mexico, was the one that collected this specimen.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4404813E14753D5713A5D3A2FD4C403B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Domingos, Marcelo	Domingos, Marcelo (2024): Revision of the Neotropical Obscure Genus Ebenia Macquart 1846 (Diptera, Tachinidae, Dufouriini). Neotropical Entomology 53 (4): 833-853, DOI: 10.1007/s13744-024-01156-3, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-024-01156-3
