taxonID	type	description	language	source
45227F36FFB8FFB5B5BA2709FB8EF8FA.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Ateuchus maculatus Fabricius, 1801 (cited as “ O. maculatus F. ”), subsequent designation by Palestrini (1982: 101) 2 under Article 69.1.1. (Branco 2011: 12). Original description (Erichson 1847): “ 1. Chalcoderus, hier ist das Kinn so lang als die Stämme der Maxillen, Schmal; der Kopf unbewehrt, das Halsschild hoch und gleichmässig gewölbt, hinten ungerandet; die hinteren Füsse etwas breit. Hierher gehört At. maculatus F., Onthoph. signatipennis Dej. Lap. ”	en	Moretto, Philippe, Deschodt, Christian M., Davis, Adrian L. V. (2026): The genus Chalcoderus Erichson, 1847: synonymy of Parascatonomus (Morettoeus) Ochi & Kon, 2023, and transfer of group 15 (d’Orbigny 1913, 1915) Afrotropical Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa 5752 (1): 63-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3
45227F36FFB8FFB5B5BA2709FB8EF8FA.taxon	description	Redescription Body. Not distinctly constricted between pronotum and elytra. Pronotum with very dense, short, fine, transparent and recumbent setae posterior to each granule, elytra with short, fine, translucent and recumbent setae posterior to each granule or puncture (these setae frequently erased — x 40 magnification). Ventral surface with short or moderately long, not very dense, pale and recumbent setae on the episterna, the lateral areas of the metasternum and the sides of the ventrites. Head. Flattened, totally unarmed, narrow, more or less elongate and parabolic in shape, more or less truncated at apex; proportionally narrower and more elongate than all other African and Asian Onthophagini species 3; genae protruding very little or not, clypeo-genal sutures present but very narrow and indistinct. Apical margin of epipharynx strongly emarginate (Ochi & Kon 2023: 531, Fig. 1 h). Antennae with 9 articles, scape short, invisible dorsally, segments 3 to 6 of different sizes, the first article of the club cup-shaped, the other two progressively smaller. Thorax. Pronotum metallic coloured or black, simple, convex or very convex, covered by convex or very convex, very dense, elongate granules; sometimes with a longitudinal median depression on the posterior part of the disc, distinctly depressed above the erased and absent posterior angles; anterior angles sharp, lateral side of the pronotum bordered, base of the pronotum angulate in the middle, not bordered except sometimes shortly in the median angle; erased posterior angles theoretically located at the termination of the lateral edges of the pronotum; prosternal foveae clear; elevation of metasternum not well defined. Elytra. Light coloured with dark spots and / or patches; interstriae with fine and not very dense granules or punctures, or with very dense granulate punctures more or less confluent and vermiculate (C. maculatus and C. signatipennis). Legs. Basal tooth (tooth 1) of protibia strongly reduced, teeth 2 and 3 more elongate, spatulate and strongly developed; apical tooth directed obliquely forward; terminal mobile spur of the protibia spatulate in the male, normal in the female; insertion of the protarsus just behind the articulation of the terminal spur, on the inferior side of the tibia. Pygidium. Base of the pygidium bordered, angulate in the middle, with simple punctures, fairly dense to very dense but less dense near apex, denser and more or less raspy near base. Aedeagus. See Ochi & Kon (2023: 581, Figs 1 b-d, 2 b-d, 3 b-d). Rationale: Transferring the type species of Chalcoderus Erichson, 1847, to Parascatonomus Paulian, 1932, created a problem with the priority of names (Palestrini 1982). To maintain taxonomic stability, Palestrini (1982) suggested retaining the subgeneric name as Parascatonomus by regarding Chalcoderus as a nomen oblitum under Article 23.9. However, the validity of Chalcoderus is restored once it is considered to belong to a genus or subgenus distinct from Parascatonomus (Branco 2011: 18), particularly as by designating the type species, Palestrini (1982) made Chalcoderus an available name from Erichson (1847). Thus, by virtue of having the same type species, Parascatonomus (Morettoeus) Ochi & Kon, 2023, becomes an objective junior synonym of Chalcoderu s (Article 61.3.3.). Similarities: Chalcoderus and Parascatonomus share some morphological characters that are unique in the Onthophagini. Mentum usually longer than wide. Epipharynx not strongly transverse, chaetopariae not arising from antero-lateral corner and both almost parallel with fine bristles. Clypeo-genal sutures present but very narrow and indistinct. Angular postero-medial edge of the pronotum projected posteriorly. Basal tooth (tooth 1) of protibia more or less reduced or absent, teeth 2 and 3 more elongate, spatulate and strongly developed, apical tooth directed obliquely forward; insertion of the protarsi positioned behind or just beside the articulation of the terminal spur, on the inferior side of the tibia. Base of the pygidium strongly angulate in the middle. Shared shape of the aedeagus, parameres with a baso-lateral elevation, medio-lateral and apical teeth present, shared shape of the copulatory lamella (Ochi & Kon 2017, 2023).	en	Moretto, Philippe, Deschodt, Christian M., Davis, Adrian L. V. (2026): The genus Chalcoderus Erichson, 1847: synonymy of Parascatonomus (Morettoeus) Ochi & Kon, 2023, and transfer of group 15 (d’Orbigny 1913, 1915) Afrotropical Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa 5752 (1): 63-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3
45227F36FFB8FFB5B5BA2709FB8EF8FA.taxon	discussion	Differences: Parascatonomus subgenera show a range of clear differences from one another and from Chalcoderus. Given the impossibility of clearly describing the external morphological differences between the genus Chalcoderus and the genus Parascatonomus taken as a whole, it was decided to provide diagnostic characters for each of the six accepted subgenera of Parascatonomus, emphasizing how each differs from the genus Chalcoderus. As presented below, the morphological external characters have been described following the published descriptions (Ochi & Kon 2017; Ochi et al. 2021) and after examination of specimens belonging to several different species of each subgenus (except for Parascatonomus (Necramator), klapperichi group (Ochi & Kon 2017 )). All are distributed within Asia with some ranges extending into the eastern Palaearctic. To the contrary, the known distribution of Chalcoderus is restricted to Africa. For the shape of the epipharynx, the parameres and the copulatory sclerites, see Ochi & Kon (2017), Ochi et al. (2021) and Ochi & Kon (2023).	en	Moretto, Philippe, Deschodt, Christian M., Davis, Adrian L. V. (2026): The genus Chalcoderus Erichson, 1847: synonymy of Parascatonomus (Morettoeus) Ochi & Kon, 2023, and transfer of group 15 (d’Orbigny 1913, 1915) Afrotropical Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa 5752 (1): 63-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3
45227F36FFBEFFB2B5BA268CFD15FAC0.taxon	description	Body. General shape similar to P. (Parascatonomus), strongly convex, dark brown. Fine medium recumbent setae on the sides and close to the base of elytra. Head. Large, genae strongly protruding, clypeus comprising two long, strong and acute upturned teeth in male (shorter in female); frontal carina straight, well developed, protruding angularly in the middle; vertex extended backward in a very long and very large, parallel-sided lamina (as large as the head at the level of the eyes in males, shorter and trapezoidal in female), strongly toothed at the posterior angles. Thorax. Pronotum depressed behind lamina of the vertex but very convex with a strong tubercle protruding forward in the middle, tubercle followed by a large, shallow, densely granular depression in the middle of the disc, the granules elongate inside the depression. A large area extending on each side of the depression to the posterior border of the pronotum, showing scaly-shaped granules or simple fine punctures on the largest specimens. No depression above posterior angles. Elevation of metasternum well developed. Elytra. Striae fine, interstriae convex, shagreened on the disc of elytra, smooth on the sides, with very fine and sparse granules on the disc and simple, fine, not very dense punctation on the lateral interstriae. Legs. Protibia enlarged, basal tooth short, teeth 2 to 4 strong, long and acute; insertion of pro-tarsi beside the articulation of the terminal spur; inner border of the protibia extended in a tooth at apex in male; terminal mobile spur of the protibia not modified. Pygidium. With dense, medium-sized punctures.	en	Moretto, Philippe, Deschodt, Christian M., Davis, Adrian L. V. (2026): The genus Chalcoderus Erichson, 1847: synonymy of Parascatonomus (Morettoeus) Ochi & Kon, 2023, and transfer of group 15 (d’Orbigny 1913, 1915) Afrotropical Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa 5752 (1): 63-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3
45227F36FFBEFFB2B5BA24A8FD1EFD74.taxon	description	Body. Elongate, distinctly constricted between pronotum and elytra, sides parallel, mostly smooth and without setae dorsally (except laterally on elytra in P. fujiokai), entirely black. Long, erect, orange setae on the prosternum, the mesepisternes, the anterior declivity and the lateral areas of the metasternum Head. Wider than long, clypeus deeply emarginate with a finger-like tooth in the middle of the emargination, genae very protruding. Thorax. Anterior angles of pronotum not protruding, square or rounded, more or less largely granulate (flattened granules), or only near the anterior angles, or totally smooth; not depressed above posterior angles; elevation of metasternum well developed. Elytra. Striae quite fine, interstriae with very fine punctures or totally smooth. Legs. Pro-tibiae very enlarged, basal tooth proportionally small, teeth 2 and 3 very large and strong, terminal tooth narrower and acute, terminal mobile spur of the protibia strongly curved downwards and acute in both sexes. Insertion of pro-tarsi before the articulation of the terminal spur, on the inferior side of the tibia. Pygidium. With dense to sparse, fine punctures.	en	Moretto, Philippe, Deschodt, Christian M., Davis, Adrian L. V. (2026): The genus Chalcoderus Erichson, 1847: synonymy of Parascatonomus (Morettoeus) Ochi & Kon, 2023, and transfer of group 15 (d’Orbigny 1913, 1915) Afrotropical Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa 5752 (1): 63-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3
45227F36FFBEFFB2B5BA21D0FC2EF800.taxon	description	Body. General shape similar to P. (Parascatonomus). Head and pronotum with a metallic lustre, elytra black. Pronotum and elytra with recumbent setae. Head. Wider than long, polygonal; genae strongly protruding; clypeus with a large upturned process, or, deeply and widely notched in the middle, with a large upturned process at the middle of the notch; a strong tubercle in place of the clypeal suture; vertex with a blunt keel. Segments of the club of the antennae showing a very complicated shape. Thorax. Pronotum entirely and densely granular except for a small finely punctate area near base in the middle; anterior part with an elongate smooth tubercle or a fine longitudinal carina in the middle; indistinctly depressed above the posterior angles; elevation of metasternum well developed. Elytra. Striae fine, interstriae flat, shagreened, with not very dense granules or rough punctures. Legs. Protibiae moderately enlarged, distinctly incurved in apical third, basal tooth small, teeth 2 and 3 large and fairly strong, terminal tooth narrower and acute; insertion of pro-tarsi just beside or just before the articulation of the terminal spur, which is slightly curved backwards and acute in both sexes. Pygidium. Shagreened, with dense or very dense, medium punctures.	en	Moretto, Philippe, Deschodt, Christian M., Davis, Adrian L. V. (2026): The genus Chalcoderus Erichson, 1847: synonymy of Parascatonomus (Morettoeus) Ochi & Kon, 2023, and transfer of group 15 (d’Orbigny 1913, 1915) Afrotropical Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa 5752 (1): 63-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3
45227F36FFBFFFB3B5BA27A4FD3CFA26.taxon	description	Body. Not elongate, strongly convex, small to medium sized. Dorsum usually dull with a metallic lustre, elytra rarely testaceous. Pronotum, elytra and pygidium with recumbent setae. In agreement with Ochi & Kon (2017) this “ subgenus is unique in having the pronotum and elytra wholly covered with very aggregated coarse granules, the elytral granules mostly forming several longitudinal sinuous rows, and the pronotal granules also partly arranged so ”. Head. Normal size, frequently totally flattened, elongate and parabolic in shape, sometimes truncated or emarginate at apex, sometimes arcuate with carinae present on frons and vertex. Thorax. A distinct depression above posterior angles of pronotum present or not, sometimes a depression near the base, in the middle. Elevation of metasternum present. Legs. Basal tooth of the fore tibia totally reduced or normally sized, teeth 2 and 3 normal, apical tooth frequently very narrow and acute. Terminal mobile spur of the protibia not modified in both sexes. Pygidium. Covered with dense fine granules.	en	Moretto, Philippe, Deschodt, Christian M., Davis, Adrian L. V. (2026): The genus Chalcoderus Erichson, 1847: synonymy of Parascatonomus (Morettoeus) Ochi & Kon, 2023, and transfer of group 15 (d’Orbigny 1913, 1915) Afrotropical Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa 5752 (1): 63-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3
45227F36FFBFFFB3B5BA21BCFC95F82F.taxon	description	Body. Elongate and oval, distinctly constricted between pronotum and elytra. Entirely black, black with metallic lustre, or only the pronotum with a strong metallic colour. Head. Usually large with angularly protruding cheeks. Clypeus variable, pointed, sometimes with a median tooth, or rounded; frontal carina present or absent; sometimes a more or less elevated carina on the vertex. Thorax. Pronotum simply formed, regularly convex, usually glabrous with simple punctation (rarely hairy, entirely covered with very large, dense granules and / or punctures, or, large vermiculated punctures). Elytra. Usually glabrous with simple punctation on interstriae. (rarely hairy with fine granules on interstriae). Legs. Protibia with four well developed teeth. Terminal mobile spur of the protibia slightly spatulate or thickened in male, or not. Pygidium. Glabrous with simple, medium to fine punctures.	en	Moretto, Philippe, Deschodt, Christian M., Davis, Adrian L. V. (2026): The genus Chalcoderus Erichson, 1847: synonymy of Parascatonomus (Morettoeus) Ochi & Kon, 2023, and transfer of group 15 (d’Orbigny 1913, 1915) Afrotropical Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa 5752 (1): 63-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3
45227F36FFBFFFB3B5BA24E0FCB9FC1F.taxon	description	Body. Elongate, moderately (P. penicillatus) to strongly convex, distinctly constricted between pronotum and elytra. Head, pronotum and pygidium metallic coloured. Elytra light brown with two curved rows of more or less well developed and coalescing dark brown patches, a more or less developed transverse spot or darkened area just before the apex of the elytra and a spot at the base of interstria 5 (sometimes missing); juxta-sutural interstriae with a weak metallic lustre. Pronotum and elytra with long, dense, white recumbent setae. Head. Normally large, not narrow, flattened, elongate and parabolic in shape, truncated at apex; genae moderately protruding. In males, clypeus flat, simply punctured, “ forehead ” moderately depressed (effaced area between frontal suture and vertex), vertex with a blunt keel. In females, clypeus flat, almost entirely densely rugose, “ forehead ” with a deep, smooth depression (effaced area between frontal suture and vertex), vertex elevated in a triangular or rounded lamina or a horn just behind the depression. Thorax. Pronotum very densely covered in contiguous, strongly-flattened granules, scaly on the disc, each granule followed by a very fine, simple, setose puncture; pronotum simply convex in male, depressed behind the lamina in females; disc with a more or less longitudinal shallow depression near the base in the middle; also a distinct depression above posterior angles, topped with a fine “ paintbrush ” of erected bristles; scutellum visible, even if very minute; elevation of metasternum present. Elytra. Striae fine, interstriae convex, shagreened, with fairly dense, fine raspy punctures on top, becoming simple, less fine and denser on the sides. Legs. Protibia not enlarged, basal tooth strongly reduced, second tooth somewhat reduced, teeth 3 and 4 fairly strong and spatulate; inner border extended in a small tooth at apex in male (at least in P. penicillatus); terminal mobile spur not modified in both sexes. Pygidium. With fine, dense to not very dense punctures.	en	Moretto, Philippe, Deschodt, Christian M., Davis, Adrian L. V. (2026): The genus Chalcoderus Erichson, 1847: synonymy of Parascatonomus (Morettoeus) Ochi & Kon, 2023, and transfer of group 15 (d’Orbigny 1913, 1915) Afrotropical Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa 5752 (1): 63-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3
45227F36FFBCFFB0B5BA24E0FF2CFDA3.taxon	description	Body. Not elongate. Head. Differs from the nitidus group by the diverse ornaments of the head: frontal carina absent or present or replaced by a tubercle in the middle; vertex with a transverse carina, a horn or a tubercle, or a lamina extended into a horn at its tip; rarely, antennae club segments strongly elongate. Thorax. Pronotum with at least a simple depression anteriorly, or with a thoracic protrusion overlying a more or less large and deep depression, frequently a more or less distinct longitudinal furrow on the disc and at least the main part covered with very dense contiguous flattened granules; lateral fovea present. Elytra. With simple, rough or granulose punctation. Pygidium. Usually glabrous with simple, large to medium punctures, sometimes with sparse, pale recumbent setae.	en	Moretto, Philippe, Deschodt, Christian M., Davis, Adrian L. V. (2026): The genus Chalcoderus Erichson, 1847: synonymy of Parascatonomus (Morettoeus) Ochi & Kon, 2023, and transfer of group 15 (d’Orbigny 1913, 1915) Afrotropical Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa 5752 (1): 63-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3
45227F36FFBCFFB1B5BA2630FE5BFCC7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis following Ochi & Kon (2017). This small group of two species differs from the others by the small size, the compact, convex body not constricted between pronotum and elytra; the head and pronotum black; the elytra bicoloured, black with testaceous design, or testaceous with black design. Head totally unarmed. Protibia with the basal tooth reduced (at least in P. takahashii Masumoto, Ochi & Hanboonsong, 2013).	en	Moretto, Philippe, Deschodt, Christian M., Davis, Adrian L. V. (2026): The genus Chalcoderus Erichson, 1847: synonymy of Parascatonomus (Morettoeus) Ochi & Kon, 2023, and transfer of group 15 (d’Orbigny 1913, 1915) Afrotropical Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa 5752 (1): 63-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3
45227F36FFBCFFB1B5BA2630FE5BFCC7.taxon	discussion	The description of the genus Uenoeus Ochi & Kon, 2017, and the formal division of Parascatonomus into five subgenera by Ochi & Kon (2017) were largely inspired by the preliminary work of Huijbregts & Krikken (2009) who simply defined functional groups for the species. Following the transfer of a sixth subgenus to Parascatonomus (Ochi et al. 2021), it seemed logical to describe Morettoeus Ochi & Kon, 2023 as a seventh subgenus, particularly since one member of group 15 of Afrotropical Onthophagus (d’Orbigny 1913) had already been transferred to the genus Parascatonomus by Palestrini (1982). It is probable that this material examined by Palestrini (1982) was also examined for the morphological phylogeny of Tarasov & Solodovnikov (2011: Fig. 11, clade F, X) in which the transferred species (“ O. (Parascatonomus) maculatus ”) was nested in the Parascatonomus clade. However, the congeneric status of Chalcoderus and Parascatonomus species is questionable since this phylogeny showed poor resolution of cladistic relationships between Chalcoderus, Uenoeus and the subgenera of Parascatonomus in clades F and X (all cited as species of Onthophagus). For instance, a species of the genus Uenoeus was nested within species of the genus and subgenus Parascatonomus, whereas species of the subgenus Necramator were grouped with those of other subgenera within three different subclades, one containing “ O [nthophagus] maculatus ”. Furthermore, there are strong, overall, morphological differences between Afrotropical Chalcoderus and Oriental Parascatonomus subgenera. Nevertheless, it should be noted that a further two species, O. coeruleicollis Arrow, 1907, from India and Onthophagus regalis Arrow, 1907, from Sri Lanka (Arrow 1931: 185 – 186, pl. 1: fig. 8 – 9), appear close to Chalcoderus species. Concerning O. coeruleicollis, Arrow (1907: 430) noted that “ This species and the following one [O. regalis] belong to a group of which several have been described from tropical Africa, and of which O. maculatus, F., is the type. ” However, they exhibit characters that differentiate them from species of the genus Chalcoderus within which, they will not currently be included pending detailed examination. Both O. regalis and O. coeruleicollis have long, pale, oblique setae on the head, the pronotum and the underside. Setae are also long and dense on the elytra of O. regalis but shorter and less dense on the elytra of O. coeruleicollis. They have a brush of long, erected setae on the anterior border of the postero-lateral depressions of the pronotum. The head is proportionally larger and Arrow (1907) notes that in O. coeruleicollis, “ the posterior margin of the head forms a sharp edge but is not produced ”. They also exhibit differences in the mobile protibial spur. Arrow further indicates a possible sexual character for O. coeruleicollis: “ a very minute tubercle sometimes traceable near the middle of the head probably indicates the male ”. Bacchus (1978) states that each type series contains a male, which we have not had the opportunity to study. Although it is possible that a revision that includes these two species might expand the known distribution of Chalcoderus to the western Oriental region, the possibility of convergent morphology due to similarities in habits cannot currently be discounted. A molecular phylogeny might help to resolve the status of relationships between these two species, Parascatonomus subgenera, Uenoeus and Chalcoderus. It would also assist in ensuring there are no discrepancies between phylogeny and classification based on the phenetic characters described above. Taxonomy — species We are confident that all of the species formerly included in Afrotropical Onthophagus group 15 of d’Orbigny (1913, 1915) belong in Chalcoderus. Therefore, we formally transfer the following nine currently recognised species to the genus, Chalcoderus Erichson, 1847: Onthophagus (s. l.) foliiceps Quedenfeldt, 1884, Onthophagus (s. l.) graphicus Wallengren, 1881, Onthophagus (s. l.) inermiceps d’Orbigny, 1905, Onthophagus (s. l.) longiceps d’Orbigny, 1904, Onthophagus (s. l.) planaticeps d’Orbigny, 1913, Onthophagus (s. l.) semicroceus d’Orbigny, 1915, Onthophagus (s. l.) simpliciceps (d’Orbigny, 1905), Parascatonomus (Morettoeus) imbellis (d’Orbigny, 1905), Parascatonomus (Morettoeus) maculatus (Fabricius, 1801). A tenth species (Onthophagus signatipennis de Castelnau, 1840) is revalidated from synonymy with Ateuchus maculatus Fabricius, 1801, and its placement in Chalcoderus is restored. Onthophagus chloroderus d’Orbigny, 1905, is removed from the list of valid group 15 species and is, here, synonymized with Ateuchus maculatus Fabricius, 1801 (currently Chalcoderus maculatus (Fabricius, 1801 )). The following is a complete and updated list of all known species that were former members of Afrotropical Onthophagus group 15 but are now placed in the genus Chalcoderus Erichson, 1847. High resolution photographs of type material are provided for all of the valid species. Notes are provided for each species concerning its validity, status and synonyms. Lectotypes are designated where necessary. Special attention is paid to Ateuchus maculatus Fabricius, 1801, Onthophagus signatipennis de Castelnau, 1840, and Onthophagus chloroderus d’Orbigny, 1905, which are fully revised in order to correct confusion in their taxonomy and distributions as well as to precisely establish the type species of the genus Chalcoderus. The material available for the other species is insufficient to allow for their revision.	en	Moretto, Philippe, Deschodt, Christian M., Davis, Adrian L. V. (2026): The genus Chalcoderus Erichson, 1847: synonymy of Parascatonomus (Morettoeus) Ochi & Kon, 2023, and transfer of group 15 (d’Orbigny 1913, 1915) Afrotropical Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa 5752 (1): 63-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3
45227F36FFBDFFBFB5BA207CFDA6FEFB.taxon	description	(Fig. 1)	en	Moretto, Philippe, Deschodt, Christian M., Davis, Adrian L. V. (2026): The genus Chalcoderus Erichson, 1847: synonymy of Parascatonomus (Morettoeus) Ochi & Kon, 2023, and transfer of group 15 (d’Orbigny 1913, 1915) Afrotropical Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa 5752 (1): 63-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3
45227F36FFBDFFBFB5BA207CFDA6FEFB.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined: Ateuchus maculatus Fabricius, 1801. Lectotype (not sexed): The type series of this species comprises three specimens according to Zimsen (1984: 31). To stabilize the nomenclature, here, we designate a lectotype (Article 74), which carries the following labels “ Guinea. [Ghana] / Meier. / Mus: T. Lund / Ateuchus / maculatus. F. {handwritten on square label} // small green square // TYPE {black print on red label} // ZMUC / 00508558 // square code ZMUC Fabricius 001127 // square code WORLD SCARAB DATABASE WSD 00255537 // Lectotype Ateuchus maculatus / Fabricius, 1801 Moretto, / Deschodt & Davis des. 2025 {red print} // Chalcoderus maculatus / (Fabricius, 1801) / Moretto, Deschodt & Davis / det. 2025 ” ZMUC. Paralectotypes (2): 1 ex. “ small green square // TYPE {black print on red label} // ZMUC / 00508559 // square code ZMUCFabricius 001128 // square code WORLD SCARAB DATABASE WSD 00255538 // Onthophagus / maculatus / (Fab.) / P. Moretto det. 2008 {half handwritten, half printed} // Paralectotype Ateuchus / maculatus Fabricius, 1801 / Moretto, Deschodt & Davis / det. 2025 {red print} // Chalcoderus / maculatus / (Fabricius, 1801) / Moretto, Deschodt / & Davis det. 2025 ”; 1 ex. “ small green square // TYPE {black print on red label} // ZMUC / 00508560 // square code ZMUC Fabricius 001129 // square code WORLD SCARAB DATABASE WSD 00255539 // Onthophagus / maculatus / (Fab.) / P. Moretto det. 2008 {half handwritten, half printed} // Paralectotype Ateuchus / maculatus Fabricius, 1801 / Moretto, Deschodt & Davis / det. 2025 {red print} // Chalcoderus maculatus / (Fabricius, 1801) / Moretto, Deschodt & Davis / det. 2025 ” (ZMUC). Type locality: “ Guinea ” [Ghana] (Moretto & Génier 2015: 4)	en	Moretto, Philippe, Deschodt, Christian M., Davis, Adrian L. V. (2026): The genus Chalcoderus Erichson, 1847: synonymy of Parascatonomus (Morettoeus) Ochi & Kon, 2023, and transfer of group 15 (d’Orbigny 1913, 1915) Afrotropical Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa 5752 (1): 63-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3
45227F36FFBDFFBFB5BA207CFDA6FEFB.taxon	description	Original description (Fabricius 1801): “ maculatus. 45. A. clypeo integro, capite thoraceque cupreis, elytris testaceis nigro-maculatis. Habitat in Guinea. Mus. Dom. Lund. Statura et magnitude praecedentium. Capitis clypeus rotundatus, integer, cupreus. Thorax gibbosus, laevis, cupreus, nitidus. Elytra substriata, Testacea, strigis duabus e maculis quadratis nigris. Corpus atrum. ”	en	Moretto, Philippe, Deschodt, Christian M., Davis, Adrian L. V. (2026): The genus Chalcoderus Erichson, 1847: synonymy of Parascatonomus (Morettoeus) Ochi & Kon, 2023, and transfer of group 15 (d’Orbigny 1913, 1915) Afrotropical Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa 5752 (1): 63-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3
45227F36FFB3FFBFB5BA25F2FE3CFC63.taxon	description	(Fig. 2)	en	Moretto, Philippe, Deschodt, Christian M., Davis, Adrian L. V. (2026): The genus Chalcoderus Erichson, 1847: synonymy of Parascatonomus (Morettoeus) Ochi & Kon, 2023, and transfer of group 15 (d’Orbigny 1913, 1915) Afrotropical Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa 5752 (1): 63-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3
45227F36FFB3FFBFB5BA25F2FE3CFC63.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype by monotypy “ Sierra / Leone {handwritten, black bordered} // Ex-Musaeo / H. W. Bates / 1892 {black bordered} // maculatus F. / v. chloroderus / var. nov. d’Orb. {handwritten by d’Orbigny} // H. d’Orbigny / Onth. Afr. 1902 // Chloroderus / d’Orb. {handwritten by d’Orbigny} // H. d’Orbigny / vidit 1906 // HOLOTYPE {black print on red label} // Muséum Paris / ex. Coll. / R. Oberthür // Chalcoderus / maculatus / (Fabricius, 1801) / Moretto, Deschodt / & Davis det. 2025 ” (MNHN). Type locality: “ Sierra Leone ” (d’Orbigny (1905) clearly states that this specimen is the type).	en	Moretto, Philippe, Deschodt, Christian M., Davis, Adrian L. V. (2026): The genus Chalcoderus Erichson, 1847: synonymy of Parascatonomus (Morettoeus) Ochi & Kon, 2023, and transfer of group 15 (d’Orbigny 1913, 1915) Afrotropical Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa 5752 (1): 63-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3
45227F36FFB3FFBFB5BA25F2FE3CFC63.taxon	description	Original description (d’Orbigny, 1905 a): “ … vert, avec le dessous du corps et les pattes plus foncés, ou d’un bleu foncé ... les élytres d’un testacé clair, y compris les épipleures, avec le bord basiliaire très étroitement noir et deux rangées transverses de petites taches noires … ” Comparison between the types of Onthophagus chloroderus d’Orbigny, 1905, and Ateuchus maculatus Fabricius, 1801, shows there are no differences, except in the colour of the pronotum. Aedeagi extracted from non-type green (Guinea) and red (Côte d’Ivoire) individuals also show no differences. Following the principle of priority, we propose Onthophagus chloroderus d’Orbigny, 1905 as a junior subjective synonym of Ateuchus maculatus Fabricius, 1801.	en	Moretto, Philippe, Deschodt, Christian M., Davis, Adrian L. V. (2026): The genus Chalcoderus Erichson, 1847: synonymy of Parascatonomus (Morettoeus) Ochi & Kon, 2023, and transfer of group 15 (d’Orbigny 1913, 1915) Afrotropical Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa 5752 (1): 63-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3
45227F36FFB0FFBDB5BA224CFCA5FB4A.taxon	description	(Fig. 3)	en	Moretto, Philippe, Deschodt, Christian M., Davis, Adrian L. V. (2026): The genus Chalcoderus Erichson, 1847: synonymy of Parascatonomus (Morettoeus) Ochi & Kon, 2023, and transfer of group 15 (d’Orbigny 1913, 1915) Afrotropical Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa 5752 (1): 63-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3
45227F36FFB0FFBDB5BA224CFCA5FB4A.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality (Article 76.3): Sénégal, Région de Thies, Forêt de Bandia. The “ Forêt de Bandia ” corresponds to the current private “ Réserve de Bandia ” (14 ° 36 ′ N, 16 ° 57 ′ W).	en	Moretto, Philippe, Deschodt, Christian M., Davis, Adrian L. V. (2026): The genus Chalcoderus Erichson, 1847: synonymy of Parascatonomus (Morettoeus) Ochi & Kon, 2023, and transfer of group 15 (d’Orbigny 1913, 1915) Afrotropical Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa 5752 (1): 63-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3
45227F36FFB0FFBDB5BA224CFCA5FB4A.taxon	description	Original description (de Castelnau 1840): “ 17. Onthophagus signatipennis. Long. 4 lig. ½. Larg. 2 lig. ½. — D’un rouge cuivreux; corselet très-bombé, entièrement granuleux; élytres d’un brun jaune, striées, avec deux bandes transversales irrégulières, noires, formées de taches qui se réunissent ordinairement: elles offrent aussi chacune une tache noire vers l’extrémité; dessous du corps et pattes d’un vert cuivreux. — Sénégal. ” From this description, it is clear that Onthophagus signatipennis de Castelnau, 1840, corresponds to what d’Orbigny (1913) believed to be Ateuchus maculatus Fabricius, 1801. It is here removed from synonymy with Ateuchus maculatus Fabricius, 1801 and its valid species status is restored. As Erichson (1847) described the genus Chalcoderus for both Ateuchus maculatus Fabricius, 1801, and Onthophagus signatipennis de Castelnau, 1840 (cited as At. maculatus F., Onthoph. signatipennis Dej. Lap.), the combination Chalcoderus signatipennis (de Castelnau, 1840) is, therefore, restored.	en	Moretto, Philippe, Deschodt, Christian M., Davis, Adrian L. V. (2026): The genus Chalcoderus Erichson, 1847: synonymy of Parascatonomus (Morettoeus) Ochi & Kon, 2023, and transfer of group 15 (d’Orbigny 1913, 1915) Afrotropical Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa 5752 (1): 63-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3
45227F36FFB0FFBDB5BA224CFCA5FB4A.taxon	distribution	Distribution of C. signatipennis (Fig. 4) according to studied specimens: Gambia, Guinea Bissau and Senegal west of the Senegal River, plus mostly on Tertiary sediments of the Senegalese Basin (Thieblemont et al. 2016); Western Mali (“ Haut Sénégal, Khayes ” PMOC).	en	Moretto, Philippe, Deschodt, Christian M., Davis, Adrian L. V. (2026): The genus Chalcoderus Erichson, 1847: synonymy of Parascatonomus (Morettoeus) Ochi & Kon, 2023, and transfer of group 15 (d’Orbigny 1913, 1915) Afrotropical Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa 5752 (1): 63-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3
45227F36FFB0FFBDB5BA224CFCA5FB4A.taxon	discussion	To summarize, Onthophagus maculatus sensu d’Orbigny (1913: 257 – 258) is actually Chalcoderus signatipennis (de Castelnau, 1840) whereas Onthophagus chloroderus d’Orbigny, 1905 (1905 a: 450; 1913: 258) is actually Chalcoderus maculatus (Fabricius, 1801). The descriptions given by d’Orbigny (1913: 257 – 258) are precise and allow the two species to be easily separated. Subsequent erroneous citations with respect to these inversions have extended to the present day and it is appropriate to interpret nomenclature in these subsequent publications accordingly, including Ochi & Kon (2023, Figs 1 a – j and 2 a – d).	en	Moretto, Philippe, Deschodt, Christian M., Davis, Adrian L. V. (2026): The genus Chalcoderus Erichson, 1847: synonymy of Parascatonomus (Morettoeus) Ochi & Kon, 2023, and transfer of group 15 (d’Orbigny 1913, 1915) Afrotropical Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa 5752 (1): 63-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3
45227F36FFB1FFBDB5BA21D9FCEAF801.taxon	description	(Fig. 6)	en	Moretto, Philippe, Deschodt, Christian M., Davis, Adrian L. V. (2026): The genus Chalcoderus Erichson, 1847: synonymy of Parascatonomus (Morettoeus) Ochi & Kon, 2023, and transfer of group 15 (d’Orbigny 1913, 1915) Afrotropical Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa 5752 (1): 63-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3
45227F36FFB1FFBDB5BA21D9FCEAF801.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined (photos only): Lectotype ♂, present designation “ afr. or. / allem. {handwritten} // longiceps / n. sp. d’Orb. {handwritten by d’Orbigny} // Ex-Typis {printed in red, framed in black} // cf. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. / XLI. 1904, p. 285 {handwritten} // J. J. Gillet det. vend. / O. (Onthophagus) / longiceps d’Orb. / R. M. H. N. Belg. 10.640 // Lectotype Onthophagus / longiceps d’Orbigny, 1904 / Moretto, Deschodt & Davis / des. 2025 {red} // Chalcoderus longiceps / (d’Orbigny, 1904) / Moretto, Deschodt & Davis / det. 2025 ” (IRSNB). Paralectotype ♀ “ afr. or. / allem. {handwritten} // Ex-Typis {printed in red, framed in black} // cf. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. / XLI. 1904, p. 285 {handwritten} // J. J. Gillet det. vend. / O. (Onthophagus) / longiceps d’Orb. / R. M. H. N. Belg. 10.640 // Paralectotype Onthophagus / longiceps d’Orbigny, 1904 / Moretto, Deschodt & Davis det. 2025 {red} // Chalcoderus longiceps (d’Orbigny, 1904) / Moretto, Deschodt & Davis det. 2025 ” (IRSNB). Type locality: “ Afrique orientale allemande ” [Tanzania].	en	Moretto, Philippe, Deschodt, Christian M., Davis, Adrian L. V. (2026): The genus Chalcoderus Erichson, 1847: synonymy of Parascatonomus (Morettoeus) Ochi & Kon, 2023, and transfer of group 15 (d’Orbigny 1913, 1915) Afrotropical Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa 5752 (1): 63-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3
45227F36FFB6FFBAB5BA25C1FDACFC89.taxon	description	(Fig. 7)	en	Moretto, Philippe, Deschodt, Christian M., Davis, Adrian L. V. (2026): The genus Chalcoderus Erichson, 1847: synonymy of Parascatonomus (Morettoeus) Ochi & Kon, 2023, and transfer of group 15 (d’Orbigny 1913, 1915) Afrotropical Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa 5752 (1): 63-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3
45227F36FFB6FFBAB5BA25C1FDACFC89.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined (photo only): Holotype by monotypy “ Quango Strom / Major v. Mechow {printed and framed in black} // Ex-Musaeo / Quedenfeldt {printed and framed in black} // o. foliiceps / n. sp. Qdflt {handwritten by Quedenfeldt} // H. d’Orbigny / Ontho. Afr. 1902 // HOLOTYPE {printed in black on red label} // Muséum Paris / ex. Coll. / R. Oberthür // Chalcoderus foliiceps / (Quedenfeldt, 1884) / Moretto, Deschodt & Davis / det. 2025 ” (MNHN). Type locality: “ Malange ” [Angola].	en	Moretto, Philippe, Deschodt, Christian M., Davis, Adrian L. V. (2026): The genus Chalcoderus Erichson, 1847: synonymy of Parascatonomus (Morettoeus) Ochi & Kon, 2023, and transfer of group 15 (d’Orbigny 1913, 1915) Afrotropical Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa 5752 (1): 63-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3
45227F36FFB7FFBBB5BA24E0FE5EFD82.taxon	description	(Fig. 8)	en	Moretto, Philippe, Deschodt, Christian M., Davis, Adrian L. V. (2026): The genus Chalcoderus Erichson, 1847: synonymy of Parascatonomus (Morettoeus) Ochi & Kon, 2023, and transfer of group 15 (d’Orbigny 1913, 1915) Afrotropical Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa 5752 (1): 63-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3
45227F36FFB7FFBBB5BA24E0FE5EFD82.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined: (photo only) Holotype by monotypy “ Christiana {gothic characters} // Copris pumili / onis. Wallengr. {handwritten} // S. Afr. Transvaal / Christiana. / Leg. N. Persson. / Coll. Malmö Museum. // Typus {printed and framed in black on red label} // 1963 / 210 {{ pale blue} // Zool. Mus. Lund Sweden / Scarabaeidae / Scarabaeinae / Type No. 2769: 1 {half handwritten, half printed} // Chalcoderus graphicus / (Wallengren, 1881) / Moretto, Deschodt & Davis / det. 2025 ” (MZLU). Type locality: “ Christiana ” [South Africa, North West Prov. Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati District, Lekwa-Teemane Municipality].	en	Moretto, Philippe, Deschodt, Christian M., Davis, Adrian L. V. (2026): The genus Chalcoderus Erichson, 1847: synonymy of Parascatonomus (Morettoeus) Ochi & Kon, 2023, and transfer of group 15 (d’Orbigny 1913, 1915) Afrotropical Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa 5752 (1): 63-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3
45227F36FFB7FFBBB5BA26FEFC8CFAD3.taxon	description	(Fig. 9)	en	Moretto, Philippe, Deschodt, Christian M., Davis, Adrian L. V. (2026): The genus Chalcoderus Erichson, 1847: synonymy of Parascatonomus (Morettoeus) Ochi & Kon, 2023, and transfer of group 15 (d’Orbigny 1913, 1915) Afrotropical Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa 5752 (1): 63-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3
45227F36FFB7FFBBB5BA26FEFC8CFAD3.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined (photo only): Lectotype (not sexed), present designation “ GUINEA PORTOGHESE / Bolama / VI-XII 1899. L. Fea // imbellis / n. sp. d’Orb. {handwritten by d’Orbigny} // TYPUS {printed and framed in red} // imbellis / d’Orb. {handwritten and framed in black} // Syntypus / Onthophagus / imbellis / d’Orbigny, 1905 // Museo Civico / di Genova // Lectotype Onthophagus / imbellis d’Orbigny, 1905, / Moretto, Deschodt & Davis / des. 2025 {red} // Chalcoderus imbellis (d’Orbigny, 1905) / Moretto, Deschodt & Davis det. 2025 ” (MSNG). Paralectotypes (4). 2 ex. (photos), same labels than the lectotype except “ // Paralectotype Onthophagus / imbellis d’Orbigny, 1905 / Moretto, Deschodt & Davis det. 2025 {red} // Chalcoderus imbellis (d’Orbigny, 1905) / Moretto, Deschodt / & Davis det. 2025 ” (MSNG). 1 ♂ “ GUINEA PORTOGHESE / Bolama / VI-XII 1899. L. Fea // MUSEUM PARIS / Coll. H. d’Orbigny / 1915 // {aedeagus in a vial} // Paralectotype Onthophagus imbellis d’Orbigny, 1905 / Moretto, Deschodt & Davis det. 2025 {red} // Chalcoderus imbellis (d’Orbigny, 1905) / Moretto, Deschodt & Davis det. 2025 ”; 1 ♂ “ GUINEA PORTOGHESE / Bolama / VI-XII 1899. L. Fea // MUSEUM PARIS / Coll. H. d’Orbigny / 1915 // imbellis / d’Orb. {handwritten by d’Orbigny} // TYPE {black on red label} // Paralectotype Onthophagus imbellis d’Orbigny, 1905 / Moretto, Deschodt & Davis det. 2025 {red} // Chalcoderus imbellis (d’Orbigny, 1905) / Moretto, Deschodt & Davis det. 2025 ” (MNHN). Type locality: “ Guinée portugaise: Bolama ” [Guinea Bissau].	en	Moretto, Philippe, Deschodt, Christian M., Davis, Adrian L. V. (2026): The genus Chalcoderus Erichson, 1847: synonymy of Parascatonomus (Morettoeus) Ochi & Kon, 2023, and transfer of group 15 (d’Orbigny 1913, 1915) Afrotropical Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa 5752 (1): 63-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3
45227F36FFB4FFB8B5BA24E0FBE9FDAE.taxon	description	(Fig. 10)	en	Moretto, Philippe, Deschodt, Christian M., Davis, Adrian L. V. (2026): The genus Chalcoderus Erichson, 1847: synonymy of Parascatonomus (Morettoeus) Ochi & Kon, 2023, and transfer of group 15 (d’Orbigny 1913, 1915) Afrotropical Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa 5752 (1): 63-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3
45227F36FFB4FFB8B5BA24E0FBE9FDAE.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined (photo only): Holotype by monotypy “ Samburu / 30. X. to / 20. XI. [18] 96. {Printed with top and bottom lines in black} // B. E. Africa / C. S. Betton. / 98 — 12 {separated by blue line with black basal line} // Determined by / M. d’Orbigny. {printed} / inermiceps / n. sp. d’Orb. {handwritten by d’Orbigny} // Type {black print within red circle} // square code NHMUK 015529648 // Chalcoderus inermiceps / (d’Orbigny, 1905) / Moretto, Deschodt & Davis / det. 2025 ” (NHML). Type locality: “ Afrique orientale anglaise: Sambourou ” [Kenya: Samburu].	en	Moretto, Philippe, Deschodt, Christian M., Davis, Adrian L. V. (2026): The genus Chalcoderus Erichson, 1847: synonymy of Parascatonomus (Morettoeus) Ochi & Kon, 2023, and transfer of group 15 (d’Orbigny 1913, 1915) Afrotropical Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa 5752 (1): 63-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3
45227F36FFB4FFB8B5BA2612FDC0FC59.taxon	description	(Fig. 11)	en	Moretto, Philippe, Deschodt, Christian M., Davis, Adrian L. V. (2026): The genus Chalcoderus Erichson, 1847: synonymy of Parascatonomus (Morettoeus) Ochi & Kon, 2023, and transfer of group 15 (d’Orbigny 1913, 1915) Afrotropical Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa 5752 (1): 63-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3
45227F36FFB4FFB8B5BA2612FDC0FC59.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined (photo only): Holotype by monotypy “ Congo {handwritten} // planaticeps / n. sp. D’Orb. {handwritten by d’Orbigny} // TYPE {printed and framed in black on red label} // Cf. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. / T. 82 (1913) p. 259 {handwritten} // J. J. Gillet det. vend.: / O. (Onthophagus) / planaticeps d’Orb. / R. M. H. N. Belg. 10.640 {half handwritten, half printed} // Chalcoderus planaticeps / (d’Orbigny, 1913) / Moretto, Deschodt & Davis / det. 2025 ” (IRSNB). Type locality: “ Congo ” [D. R. C.].	en	Moretto, Philippe, Deschodt, Christian M., Davis, Adrian L. V. (2026): The genus Chalcoderus Erichson, 1847: synonymy of Parascatonomus (Morettoeus) Ochi & Kon, 2023, and transfer of group 15 (d’Orbigny 1913, 1915) Afrotropical Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa 5752 (1): 63-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3
45227F36FFB4FFB8B5BA2043FC7BFA6F.taxon	description	(Fig. 12)	en	Moretto, Philippe, Deschodt, Christian M., Davis, Adrian L. V. (2026): The genus Chalcoderus Erichson, 1847: synonymy of Parascatonomus (Morettoeus) Ochi & Kon, 2023, and transfer of group 15 (d’Orbigny 1913, 1915) Afrotropical Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa 5752 (1): 63-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3
45227F36FFB4FFB8B5BA2043FC7BFA6F.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: d’Orbigny (1915) indicates a size range “ Long. 5 – 5,5 mm ” from which we can deduce that there are at least two specimens in the type series, but only one was found (examined from photo) and is here designated as the Lectotype, present designation “ MUSÉE DU CONGO / Kapiri / IX. 1912 / Miss. Agric. // R. DÉT. / S / 182 // semicroceus / n. sp. D’Orb. {handwritten by d’Orbigny} // TYPE {printed and framed in black on red label} // Lectotype Onthophagus / semicroceus d’Orbigny, 1915, / Moretto, Deschodt and Davis / des. 2025 {red} // Chalcoderus semicroceus / (d’Orbigny, 1915) / Moretto, Deschodt & Davis / det. 2025 ” (MRAC). Type locality: “ Kapiri dans le Katanga ” [Kapiri, Lualaba, D. R. C.].	en	Moretto, Philippe, Deschodt, Christian M., Davis, Adrian L. V. (2026): The genus Chalcoderus Erichson, 1847: synonymy of Parascatonomus (Morettoeus) Ochi & Kon, 2023, and transfer of group 15 (d’Orbigny 1913, 1915) Afrotropical Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa 5752 (1): 63-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3
45227F36FFB4FFA6B5BA2250FBF2FD3F.taxon	description	(Fig. 13)	en	Moretto, Philippe, Deschodt, Christian M., Davis, Adrian L. V. (2026): The genus Chalcoderus Erichson, 1847: synonymy of Parascatonomus (Morettoeus) Ochi & Kon, 2023, and transfer of group 15 (d’Orbigny 1913, 1915) Afrotropical Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa 5752 (1): 63-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3
45227F36FFB4FFA6B5BA2250FBF2FD3F.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined (photo only): Holotype by monotypy “ simpliciceps / n. sp. d’Orb. {handwritten by d’Orbigny} // D. O. Africa / Tanga 5.4. [18] 99 {printed in black on blue label, date handwritten} // Coll. C. Felsche / Kauf 20, 1918 {printed and framed in black on blue label} // Chalcoderus simpliciceps / (d’Orbigny, 1905) / Moretto, Deschodt & Davis / det. 2025 ” (ZHMB). Type locality: “ Afrique orientale allemande: Tanga ” [Tanzania].	en	Moretto, Philippe, Deschodt, Christian M., Davis, Adrian L. V. (2026): The genus Chalcoderus Erichson, 1847: synonymy of Parascatonomus (Morettoeus) Ochi & Kon, 2023, and transfer of group 15 (d’Orbigny 1913, 1915) Afrotropical Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa 5752 (1): 63-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3
45227F36FFB4FFA6B5BA2250FBF2FD3F.taxon	distribution	Distributional notes: Photographs of additional material in Ochi & Kon (2023) show clear differences in habitus between the three, known, closely-related, West African species of Chalcoderus: C. signatipennis (cited as Parascatonomus (Morettoeus) maculatus), C. maculatus (cited as P. (M.) chloroderus) and C. imbellis (cited as P. (M.) imbellis) despite some apparent overlap in distribution (d’Orbigny 1913). A record for C. imbellis from Ethiopia (d’Orbigny 1913) requires validation.	en	Moretto, Philippe, Deschodt, Christian M., Davis, Adrian L. V. (2026): The genus Chalcoderus Erichson, 1847: synonymy of Parascatonomus (Morettoeus) Ochi & Kon, 2023, and transfer of group 15 (d’Orbigny 1913, 1915) Afrotropical Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa 5752 (1): 63-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3
45227F36FFB4FFA6B5BA2250FBF2FD3F.taxon	discussion	Three species have been described from the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Angola in central Africa with the single type specimen for C. planaticeps from an unspecified locality in the Congo (DRC) cited as very close to C. semicroceus (d’Orbigny, 1915). Three species have also been described from Kenya and Tanzania in East Africa with one cited as occurring southwards to Zimbabwe (d’Orbigny 1913). In addition to these three species, C. graphicus has also been recorded from East Africa (Laikipia) (Krell 2005, cited as Onthophagus graphicus) although it was described from South Africa where it shows a wide distribution, extending into neighbouring countries. The comparison of types and recently collected specimens from different African countries shows that the genus Chalcoderus is much more diverse than expected. Although d’Orbigny (1913, 1915) recognised all 10 species listed, here, as valid, seven small species show close similarities differing primarily in punctation and patterns of melanic patches or spots on the elytra. Therefore, it would be useful to conduct a full revision of described Chalcoderus species and their distributions that includes further, possibly undescribed, African species and Indian relatives. However, such a revision awaits the collection of further individuals.	en	Moretto, Philippe, Deschodt, Christian M., Davis, Adrian L. V. (2026): The genus Chalcoderus Erichson, 1847: synonymy of Parascatonomus (Morettoeus) Ochi & Kon, 2023, and transfer of group 15 (d’Orbigny 1913, 1915) Afrotropical Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa 5752 (1): 63-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3
45227F36FFAAFFA6B5BA2769FD3AFB59.taxon	description	(Fig. 14)	en	Moretto, Philippe, Deschodt, Christian M., Davis, Adrian L. V. (2026): The genus Chalcoderus Erichson, 1847: synonymy of Parascatonomus (Morettoeus) Ochi & Kon, 2023, and transfer of group 15 (d’Orbigny 1913, 1915) Afrotropical Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa 5752 (1): 63-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3
45227F36FFAAFFA6B5BA2769FD3AFB59.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined (photos): Lectotype ♀ (Bacchus 1978) “ Dharwar, / N. India / 4473 {handwritten} // Onthophagus / coeruleicollis, Arrow / type a. a. m., 1907. {handwritten by Arrow} // Onthophagus ♀ / coeruleicollis, Arr / M. E. Bacchus det 1975 / LECTOTYPE {half printed, half handwritten} // LECTO. / TYPE {printed in black within blue circle} ” (NHML). Paralectotype ♀ “ India // Bowring. / 63.47 * // Onthophagus / coeruleicollis / co-type Arrow {handwritten by Arrow} // Onthophagus ♀ / coeruleicollis, Arr / M. E. Bacchus det 1975 / PARALECTOTYPE {half printed, half handwritten} // PARA. / LECTO. / TYPE {printed in black within blue circle} ” (NHML). Type material not examined: Paralectotypes 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Belgaum, Bombay (Bacchus 1978) (NHML). Type locality: “ S. India, Dharwar, Belgaum. ”	en	Moretto, Philippe, Deschodt, Christian M., Davis, Adrian L. V. (2026): The genus Chalcoderus Erichson, 1847: synonymy of Parascatonomus (Morettoeus) Ochi & Kon, 2023, and transfer of group 15 (d’Orbigny 1913, 1915) Afrotropical Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa 5752 (1): 63-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3
45227F36FFAAFFA6B5BA2142FD9AF934.taxon	description	(Fig. 15)	en	Moretto, Philippe, Deschodt, Christian M., Davis, Adrian L. V. (2026): The genus Chalcoderus Erichson, 1847: synonymy of Parascatonomus (Morettoeus) Ochi & Kon, 2023, and transfer of group 15 (d’Orbigny 1913, 1915) Afrotropical Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa 5752 (1): 63-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3
45227F36FFAAFFA6B5BA2142FD9AF934.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined (photo): Paralectotype ♀ “ Ceylon. / H. P. Green. / 1916 – 157 // Onthophagus / regalis, Arrow {handwritten by Arrow} // MUSÉUM PARIS / 1938 / COLL. A. BOUCOMONT ” (MNHN). Type material not examined: Lectotype (Bacchus 1978) ♂, Sri Lanka; Paralectotype ♀, Sri Lanka, Yerbury (Bacchus 1978) (NHML). Type locality: “ Ceylon ” [Sri Lanka].	en	Moretto, Philippe, Deschodt, Christian M., Davis, Adrian L. V. (2026): The genus Chalcoderus Erichson, 1847: synonymy of Parascatonomus (Morettoeus) Ochi & Kon, 2023, and transfer of group 15 (d’Orbigny 1913, 1915) Afrotropical Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa 5752 (1): 63-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.1.3
