taxonID	type	description	language	source
4DA7040D373551C3B8AF094485E01FE7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. See Yoshida (2001) and Vanuytven (2021).	en	Huang, Guolong, Liu, Jie, Hu, Changhao (2025): Taxonomic notes of the cobweb spider genus Platnickina Koçak & Kemal, 2008 (Araneae, Theridiidae, Theridiinae), with descriptions of two new species from southern China. ZooKeys 1250: 135-154, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1250.158643
4DA7040D373551C3B8AF094485E01FE7.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Cosmopolitan excluding Oceania (Vanuytven 2021).	en	Huang, Guolong, Liu, Jie, Hu, Changhao (2025): Taxonomic notes of the cobweb spider genus Platnickina Koçak & Kemal, 2008 (Araneae, Theridiidae, Theridiinae), with descriptions of two new species from southern China. ZooKeys 1250: 135-154, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1250.158643
69DA947367BC5580BF37812ECB53AAA3.taxon	description	Figs 4, 5, 6	en	Huang, Guolong, Liu, Jie, Hu, Changhao (2025): Taxonomic notes of the cobweb spider genus Platnickina Koçak & Kemal, 2008 (Araneae, Theridiidae, Theridiinae), with descriptions of two new species from southern China. ZooKeys 1250: 135-154, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1250.158643
69DA947367BC5580BF37812ECB53AAA3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and description. See Zhang and Jin (2016).	en	Huang, Guolong, Liu, Jie, Hu, Changhao (2025): Taxonomic notes of the cobweb spider genus Platnickina Koçak & Kemal, 2008 (Araneae, Theridiidae, Theridiinae), with descriptions of two new species from southern China. ZooKeys 1250: 135-154, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1250.158643
69DA947367BC5580BF37812ECB53AAA3.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan).	en	Huang, Guolong, Liu, Jie, Hu, Changhao (2025): Taxonomic notes of the cobweb spider genus Platnickina Koçak & Kemal, 2008 (Araneae, Theridiidae, Theridiinae), with descriptions of two new species from southern China. ZooKeys 1250: 135-154, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1250.158643
908A76B372C55FFDAB8CA6B307934911.taxon	description	Figs 1, 2, 3, 12	en	Huang, Guolong, Liu, Jie, Hu, Changhao (2025): Taxonomic notes of the cobweb spider genus Platnickina Koçak & Kemal, 2008 (Araneae, Theridiidae, Theridiinae), with descriptions of two new species from southern China. ZooKeys 1250: 135-154, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1250.158643
908A76B372C55FFDAB8CA6B307934911.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is a combination of the Latin preposition “ sub ” and “ maculata ”, referring to the resemblance of this species with Platnickina maculata (Yoshida, 2001); an adjective.	en	Huang, Guolong, Liu, Jie, Hu, Changhao (2025): Taxonomic notes of the cobweb spider genus Platnickina Koçak & Kemal, 2008 (Araneae, Theridiidae, Theridiinae), with descriptions of two new species from southern China. ZooKeys 1250: 135-154, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1250.158643
908A76B372C55FFDAB8CA6B307934911.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The male of Platnickina submaculata Hu & Liu, sp. nov. is similar to P. maculata (Yoshida, 2001) in having a cow-horn-shaped embolus (cf. Fig. 1 A – E and figs 48, 49 in Yoshida 2001) but can be distinguished from the latter by: (1) the conductor with a beak-shaped, sclerotized distal part (vs conductor thin, with a pointed tip); (2) the basal part of the embolus wider than the tegulum in ventral view (vs narrower). The male of P. submaculata Hu & Liu, sp. nov. is also similar to P. xianfengense (Zhu & Song, 1992), comb. nov. in having a cow-horn-shaped embolus and a trapezoidal tegular apophysis (cf. Fig. 1 A – E and Fig. 9) but can be distinguished from P. xianfengense by: (1) the conductor wide with a beak-shaped distal part (vs with rounded tip); (2) the distal part of the embolus pointing toward the 2: 30 o’clock direction in ventral view (vs 1 o’clock direction). The female of Platnickina submaculata Hu & Liu, sp. nov. is similar to P. fritilla Gao & Li, 2014 in having simple copulatory ducts (cf. Fig. 2 A – C and figs 61 C, D, 63 A, B in Gao and Li 2014) but can be distinguished from P. fritilla by: (1) the atrium almost as large as the spermathecae (vs much smaller than the spermathecae); (2) the copulatory ducts curved (vs straight); (3) the spermathecae widely separated (vs touching). The female of P. submaculata Hu & Liu, sp. nov. is also similar to P. maculata (Yoshida, 2001) in having a rounded atrium almost as large as the spermathecae (cf. Fig. 2 A – C and figs 46, 47 in Yoshida 2001) but can be distinguished by the curved copulatory ducts (vs straight).	en	Huang, Guolong, Liu, Jie, Hu, Changhao (2025): Taxonomic notes of the cobweb spider genus Platnickina Koçak & Kemal, 2008 (Araneae, Theridiidae, Theridiinae), with descriptions of two new species from southern China. ZooKeys 1250: 135-154, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1250.158643
908A76B372C55FFDAB8CA6B307934911.taxon	description	Description. Male: total length 2.66; carapace length 1.30, width 1.05; opisthosoma length 1.55, width 1.09; eye diameters: AME 0.11, ALE 0.08, PME 0.10, PLE 0.08; eye interdistances: AME – AME 0.15, ALE – AME 0.05, PME – PME 0.10, PLE – PME 0.08, AME – PME 0.10, ALE – PLE 0.00; leg measurements [leg III missing]: I – (2.50, 0.43, 2.38, 1.97, –), II 6.26 (1.98, 0.41, 1.77, 1.59, 0.51), IV 4.32 (1.39, 0.39, 0.93, 1.15, 0.46). Chelicerae with one promarginal tooth, without retromarginal tooth (Fig. 1 F). Palp (Fig. 1 A – E): tibia almost 2 / 3 length of cymbium. Subtegulum bowl-shaped. Tegulum trapezoidal in ventral view. Median apophysis with a rounded ventral part. Tegular apophysis wide, trapezoidal, extending beyond embolus. Conductor membranous, with beak-shaped and sclerotized distal part. Embolus cow-horn-shaped, basal part with a process locking into the tegular pit. Colouration (Fig. 3 A – C): carapace yellow, anterior part light red, with an inverted T-shaped black marking between PMEs; median part of carapace with an inverted triangular black marking. Sternum light orange, with black margins. Chelicerae, endites, and labium light brown. Legs yellow to light orange, with black markings. Dorsal opisthosoma light red, with black flecks, medially with a wide black longitudinal marking branched posteriorly; venter yellowish grey, anterior part with an axe-shaped black marking, posteriorly with a black round marking, laterally with black lines. Spinnerets light brown. Female: total length 2.87; carapace length 1.19, width 1.07; opisthosoma length 1.95, width 1.93; eye diameters: AME 0.12, ALE 0.08, PME 0.09, PLE 0.07; eye interdistances: AME – AME 0.11, ALE – AME 0.04, PME – PME 0.11, PLE – PME 0.08, AME – PME 0.08, ALE – PLE 0.00; leg measurements: I 6.20 (1.98, 0.34, 1.79, 1.59, 0.50), II 5.01 (1.61, 0.34, 1.34, 1.25, 0.47), III 3.44 (1.15, 0.32, 0.64, 0.89, 0.44), IV 3.92 (1.28, 0.36, 0.81, 1.02, 0.45). Leg formula 1243. Chelicerae with one promarginal tooth, without retromarginal tooth (Fig. 2 D). Epigyne (Fig. 2 A – C): epigynal field almost as wide as long, posteriorly with a rounded atrium. Copulatory ducts curved, almost as long as diameter of spermathecae. Spermathecae spherical. Fertilization ducts slightly curved, originating from posterior part of spermathecae. Colouration (Fig. 3 D – F): carapace light yellow, medially with a rectangular black marking. Sternum light yellow, with black margins. Dorsal opisthosoma grey, posteriorly with 5 pairs of black spots. Other somatic characters as in male.	en	Huang, Guolong, Liu, Jie, Hu, Changhao (2025): Taxonomic notes of the cobweb spider genus Platnickina Koçak & Kemal, 2008 (Araneae, Theridiidae, Theridiinae), with descriptions of two new species from southern China. ZooKeys 1250: 135-154, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1250.158643
908A76B372C55FFDAB8CA6B307934911.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only from type locality (China, Hubei Province) (Fig. 12).	en	Huang, Guolong, Liu, Jie, Hu, Changhao (2025): Taxonomic notes of the cobweb spider genus Platnickina Koçak & Kemal, 2008 (Araneae, Theridiidae, Theridiinae), with descriptions of two new species from southern China. ZooKeys 1250: 135-154, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1250.158643
A883ACF8FF5B51AB886FCEA1B1FDBD11.taxon	description	Figs 7, 8, 9	en	Huang, Guolong, Liu, Jie, Hu, Changhao (2025): Taxonomic notes of the cobweb spider genus Platnickina Koçak & Kemal, 2008 (Araneae, Theridiidae, Theridiinae), with descriptions of two new species from southern China. ZooKeys 1250: 135-154, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1250.158643
A883ACF8FF5B51AB886FCEA1B1FDBD11.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and description. See Yin et al. (2012).	en	Huang, Guolong, Liu, Jie, Hu, Changhao (2025): Taxonomic notes of the cobweb spider genus Platnickina Koçak & Kemal, 2008 (Araneae, Theridiidae, Theridiinae), with descriptions of two new species from southern China. ZooKeys 1250: 135-154, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1250.158643
A883ACF8FF5B51AB886FCEA1B1FDBD11.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Chongqing, Fujian, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Hubei, Sichuan, Taiwan). The sterninotata group Diagnosis. The sterninotata group (Fig. 10 A – E; figs 96 B – E, 101 B – E in Zhu 1998) can be distinguished from the antoni and maculata groups by the following combination of characteristics: (1) the embolic base with a membranous retrolateral margin; (2) the atrium with two large copulatory openings; (3) copulatory ducts coiled, obviously longer than the diameters of spermathecae. Members of the sterninotata group are similar to species of Chrosiothes Simon, 1894 from eastern Asia in having black flecks on the opisthosoma, the male palp with a membranous embolic basal margin, and the epigyne with a large atrium (cf. Fig. 10 A – E; figs 96 B – E, 101 B – E in Zhu 1998 and fig. 172 B – D in Zhu 1998; figs 12 – 15, 17, 18 in Yoshida et al. 2000) but can be distinguished from the latter by: (1) the median apophysis unbranched (vs branched in Asian Chrosiothes species); (2) the atrium with a rounded posterior margin (vs with a triangular posterior margin in Asian Chrosiothes species). Members of the sterninotata group are also similar to that of Coleosoma O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1882 in having a pointed tegular apophysis (cf. Fig. 10 A – E; figs 96 B – E, 101 B – E in Zhu 1998 and figs 40 B, C, F, 41 B, C, E, 42 B – D in Zhu 1998) but can be distinguished from the latter by: (1) the ventral part of median apophysis rounded (vs pointed); (2) the embolus with a membranous retrolateral base (vs sclerotized totally); (3) the epigyne with an atrium (vs without an atrium, except Co. floridanum Banks, 1900). Composition. Platnickina adamsoni (Berland, 1934), P. sterninotata (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906), and P. yoshidai Hu & Liu, sp. nov. Distribution. Cosmopolitan, excluding Oceania (World Spider Catalog 2025).	en	Huang, Guolong, Liu, Jie, Hu, Changhao (2025): Taxonomic notes of the cobweb spider genus Platnickina Koçak & Kemal, 2008 (Araneae, Theridiidae, Theridiinae), with descriptions of two new species from southern China. ZooKeys 1250: 135-154, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1250.158643
BF47EA169240524AAD0DC507E9CC40DE.taxon	description	Figs 10, 11, 12	en	Huang, Guolong, Liu, Jie, Hu, Changhao (2025): Taxonomic notes of the cobweb spider genus Platnickina Koçak & Kemal, 2008 (Araneae, Theridiidae, Theridiinae), with descriptions of two new species from southern China. ZooKeys 1250: 135-154, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1250.158643
BF47EA169240524AAD0DC507E9CC40DE.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named after the late Japanese arachnologist Dr Hajime Yoshida, who made many important contributions to the taxonomy of theridiid spiders; noun in genitive case.	en	Huang, Guolong, Liu, Jie, Hu, Changhao (2025): Taxonomic notes of the cobweb spider genus Platnickina Koçak & Kemal, 2008 (Araneae, Theridiidae, Theridiinae), with descriptions of two new species from southern China. ZooKeys 1250: 135-154, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1250.158643
BF47EA169240524AAD0DC507E9CC40DE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The male of Platnickina yoshidai Hu & Liu, sp. nov. is similar to P. adamsoni (Berland, 1934) in having a pointed and retrolaterally elongate tegular apophysis, and a membranous retrolateral margin of the embolic base (cf. Fig. 10 A – E and figs 59 – 61 in Ono 2011, fig. 5 in Suzuki and Nakama 2021) but can be distinguished from the latter by the shorter embolus, not coiled at the tip (vs longer, tip with horizontal coiling).	en	Huang, Guolong, Liu, Jie, Hu, Changhao (2025): Taxonomic notes of the cobweb spider genus Platnickina Koçak & Kemal, 2008 (Araneae, Theridiidae, Theridiinae), with descriptions of two new species from southern China. ZooKeys 1250: 135-154, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1250.158643
BF47EA169240524AAD0DC507E9CC40DE.taxon	description	Description. Male: total length 1.90; carapace length 0.96, width 0.82; opisthosoma length 1.01, width 0.80; eye diameters: AME 0.11, ALE 0.07, PME 0.08, PLE 0.08; eye interdistances: AME – AME 0.10, ALE – AME 0.03, PME – PME 0.06, PLE – PME 0.09, AME – PME 0.08, ALE – PLE 0.00; leg measurements: I 5.08 (1.59, 0.32, 1.52, 1.21, 0.44), II 4.03 (1.25, 0.29, 1.12, 0.95, 0.42), III 2.82 (0.91, 0.23, 0.59, 0.74, 0.35), IV 2.87 (0.90, 0.31, 0.58, 0.72, 0.36). Leg formula 1243. Chelicerae with one promarginal tooth, without retromarginal tooth (Fig. 4 F). Palp (Fig. 10 A – E): tibia almost half length of cymbium. Subtegulum with narrow prolateral part and wide retrolateral part. Tegulum small. Median apophysis narrow. Tegular apophysis thin and pointed, elongate retrolaterally. Conductor membranous, with slightly sclerotized distal part pointing ventrally. Embolus curving clockwise, embolic base with broad membranous retrolateral margin, embolic tip pointing ventrally. Colouration (Fig. 11): carapace yellow, with black median furrow and lateral margins. Sternum yellow, with black margins and a black longitudinal line. Chelicerae, endites, and labium brown. Legs yellow, with black markings. Opisthosoma yellow; dorsum with white and black spots, and black flecks; venter laterally with black lines. Spinnerets light brown. Female. Unknown.	en	Huang, Guolong, Liu, Jie, Hu, Changhao (2025): Taxonomic notes of the cobweb spider genus Platnickina Koçak & Kemal, 2008 (Araneae, Theridiidae, Theridiinae), with descriptions of two new species from southern China. ZooKeys 1250: 135-154, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1250.158643
BF47EA169240524AAD0DC507E9CC40DE.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only from type locality (China, Hubei Province) (Fig. 12).	en	Huang, Guolong, Liu, Jie, Hu, Changhao (2025): Taxonomic notes of the cobweb spider genus Platnickina Koçak & Kemal, 2008 (Araneae, Theridiidae, Theridiinae), with descriptions of two new species from southern China. ZooKeys 1250: 135-154, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1250.158643
