identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
460B42301D59FFD99899540DFBEC95D3.text	460B42301D59FFD99899540DFBEC95D3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Habenaria brachycalcarata I. S. Santos & M. J. Silva. A. Habit. B. Portion 2025	<div><p>Habenaria brachycalcarata I.S. Santos &amp; M.J. Silva, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figures 1 and 2).</p><p>Type:— BRAZIL. Goiás: Goiânia, Chácaras Califórnia, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Campus II—Samambaia, behind the Schools of Agronomy, Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, along of the Stream dam Samambaia, between the Aquaculture Sector and the Biogas Laboratory, between 713 and 731 m.a.s.l., 21 January 2025 (fl., fr.), I.S. Santos &amp; M.J. Silva 1242 (holotype: UFG54105!; isotypes: CEN!, IBGE!, UB!) .</p><p>Habenaria brachycalcarata is morphologically similar to H. repens as both are aquatic herbs without tuberoids; well-developed submerged and aerial stem, this last one with discreetly wings, erose; roots numerous, unbranched and elongated; leaves well-developed, ascending, alternate distichous, lanceolate and plicate; racemes multiflorous with floral bracts ovate and ovate-lanceolate; greenish-yellow flowers, whose spur is not covered by the bracts, and the petals, including the lip, are greenish-yellow and whitish at the base; but differs from it by supra-axillary protuberances present in the rachis; lateral sepals ascending; median segment of lip inflexed with margin revolute; connective apex of the anthers rounded or discreetly mucronate; mid lobe of rostellum with acute apex, lateral lobes and canals convergent; stigmatophore apices divergent, separate, covering and exceeding the undivided basal part of the lip, slightly reflected towards the abaxial surface; and spur 2 mm long, much smaller than the pedicellate ovary, linear, dilated at the apex, straight, apex rounded or truncated, discretely and laterally 2-lobed.</p><p>Description: —Aquatic herb, 27.5–63.4 cm tall, including the inflorescence, caulescent, sympodial. Roots 3.1–29.1 × 0.2–0.3 cm, unbranched, cylindrical, pubescent, whitish; tuberoid absent. Aerial stem 17.5–37.5 × 0.4–1 cm, erect, with discreetly three wings, erose, light green. Rizhome 2–4.5 × 0.3–1.3 cm, cylindrical, whitish, without wings. Leaves 5–9, 3.9–19.6 × 0.9–3.8 cm, alternate distichous, lanceolate, membranaceous, plicate, with adaxially impressed and abaxially prominent veins, three of which are larger in size and slightly erose towards the sheath, ascending, the largest concentrated in the middle of the stem, reducing towards the basal portion and towards the distal portion of the inflorescence, base sheathing, 3–11 × 0.5–1.5 cm, blade ascending, margin hyaline, apex acute. Raceme 7.6–22.5 cm long, congested, with 22–78 flowers, arranged spirally; rachis with 5–8 wings erose, discreetly visible and partially covered by floral bracts, often with supra-axillary protuberances ca. ≤ 1 × 1 mm, rounded and whitish; floral bracts 0.9–5.3(–6.8) × 0.4–1.7(–2.3) cm, ovate and oval-lanceolate, membranaceous, ascending, green, margin hyaline, apex acute, glabrous. Flowers resupinate, yellowish-green, odourless during the day, glabrous; pedicellate ovary 1.2–1.3 × 0.23–0.3 cm, straight or slightly curved, ascending, more or less parallel to the rachis axis, curved at apex, light green. Sepals green, margin thickened, hyaline, discreetly papillose from the median third and towards the apex; dorsal sepal 5–7 × 3.6–5.0 mm, ovate-eliptical, concave, apex obtuse, externally mucronate; lateral sepals 6–8 × 3–4 mm, asymmetrically ovate, concave, ascending, apex acute, externally mucronate. Petals deeply 2-partite, free, whitish at the base; posterior segment 4.2–5(–5.2) × 0.9–1.0 mm, falcate-lanceolate, apex acute, 2-nerved; anterior segment 4.2–5.5 × 0.1–0.2 mm, greater than or equal to the length of the posterior segment, narrowly lanceolate, inserted at the base of the posterior segment, ascending, 1-nerved, apex acute. Lip 3-partite, 5.0–5.4 × 1–1.2 mm, whitish at the base; undivided basal part ca. 1 × 1 mm, oblong; lateral segments 5.0–5.3 × 0.1–0.2 mm, narrowly lanceolate, equal to or slightly greater than the median in length, descending, arched in relation to the median segment, inflexed; median segment 4.0–4.5 × 0.5–0.7 mm, narrowly lanceolate, inflexed, margin revolute, apex acute. Spur 2 × 1 mm, cylindrical, straight, much smaller than the pedicellate ovary, deflexed, parallel to the pedicellate ovary, 1-nerved, apex rounded or truncate, dilated, discreetly 2-lobed, non-covered by the bract, whitish. Gynostemium 1.5–2.3 × 2 mm, erect, whitish-green; connective light green, apex rounded or discreetly mucronate; auricles 2, 0.8–0.9 × 0.3–0.4 mm, suborbicular and elliptical, lateral, inconspicuous, fleshy, discreetly verrucose, erect and parallel to the gynostemium, whitish. Anther 1.0–1.1 × 2 mm, 2-locular, loculi parallel, greenish-translucent; canals convergent, projected forward, perpendicular to the loculi; pollinaria 2, separate; caudicles 0.7–0.8 mm long, filiform, translucent; pollinia 2, ca. 0.1 × 0.1 mm, elliptical, pale yellow; viscidia ca. 0.2 × 0.1–0.2 mm, ellipsoidal, whitish, ca. 1 mm apart from each other. Stigmatophores 2, 1.5–1.6 × 1 mm, separated, divergent, light green, slightly reflected towards the abaxial surface, covering and exceeding the undivided basal part of the lip. Rostellum ca 1 × 1.8–2 mm; mid lobe 0.4–0.5 × 0.3 mm, triangular, curved forward, held between the anther loculi, fleshy, light green, apex acute; lateral lobes 0.5–0.6 × 0.2–0.3 mm, oblong-triangular, convergent, whitish, translucent, apex truncate. Capsules 2.2–2.5 × 0.6–0.63 cm, oblong–elliptical, with persistent floral pieces, dark green, brown when ripe. Seeds numerous, clavate, brown.</p><p>Distribution and ecology:— Habenaria brachycalcarata was found so far in the state of Goiás, Brazil (Figure 3), in the reservoir of the Schools of Agronomy, Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of UFG, which is surrounded by riparian forests, seasonal forests and “Veredas”, in addition to being cultivated in the water tanks of the ETG between 713 and 788 m above sea level. It grows among floating and emerged aquatic macrophytes, such as Eichhornia crassipes Martius (1823: 9) Solms-Laubach (1883: 527) — Pontederiaceae Kunth (1815: 265), Azolla spp. and Salvinia spp. — Salviniaceae Martinov (1820: 559), and Pistia stratiotes Linnaeus (1753: 963) — Araceae Jussieu (1789: 23) . The new species was observed flowering and fruiting between August and March. Because it presents small, inconspicuous, greenish flowers, and a very shortened spur, it is suggested that this species may be self-compatible and pollinated by crepuscular/nocturnal pollinators, such as small Lepidoptera and/or Diptera, possibly with a proboscis of similar length to the spur containing nectar inside, similarly to what is reported for other species of the genus (vide Singer &amp; Cocucci 1997, Singer 2001, Singer et al. 2007, and Pedron et al. 2012).</p><p>Etymology:—The specific epithet “ brachycalcarata ”, which is composed of two words, one of Greek origin (brachys = short) and the other Latin (calcarata = spur), was attributed to the new species in allusion to the shortened spur of its flowers.</p><p>Additional examined material (paratypes): — BRAZIL. Goiás: Goiânia, Chácaras Califórnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Câmpus II—Samambaia, Represa do Córrego Samambaia, ao fundo das Escolas de Agronomia, Veterinária e Zootecnia, 788 m.a.s.l., 26 August 2024 (fl., fr.), I.S. Santos &amp; M.J. Silva 1241 (UFG), ibid., (fl., fr.), I.S. Santos &amp; M.J. Silva 1243 (UFG); ibid., planta coletada na Represa do Córrego Samambaia e mantida sob cultivo em caixas d’água no Jardim Didático Evolutivo, 26 February 2025 (fl., fr.), I.S. Santos &amp; M.J. Silva 1244 (UFG) ; ibid., (fl., fr.), I.S. Santos &amp; M.J. Silva 1245 (UFG); ibid., 8 March 2025 (fl., fr.), I.S. Santos &amp; M.J. Silva 1246 (UFG); ibid., 10 March 2025 (fl., fr.), I.S. Santos &amp; M.J. Silva 1247 (UFG); ibid., (fl., fr.), I.S. Santos &amp; M.J. Silva 1248 (UFG) .</p><p>Conservation status:—Species allocated to the Data Deficient (DD) category, as it was found until now just in natural populations in the Samambaia Stream dam of the Schools of Agronomy, Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the Federal University of Goiás. However, as this dam is a tributary of the Meia Ponte River, which is 472 km extension (Oliveira et al. 2013) and has four sub-basins, corresponding to the Alto Meia Ponte, Ribeirão João Leite, Rio Caldas, and Baixo Meia Ponte streams, it may occur in the latter.</p><p>Taxonomic discussion:— Among the species of the H. repens complex (Batista et al. 2013, 2022a, b), H. brachycalcarata is morphologically related to H. aranifera Lindley [1835: 313], and especially H. repens, by its well-developed submerged and aerial stem, numerous, unbranched and elongated roots, lanceolate, ascending and well-developed leaves, multiflorous racemes with greenish-yellow flowers, whose spur is not covered by the bracts, and the petals, including the lip, are greenish-yellow and whitish at the base. However, H. brachycalcarata differs from its congeners in geographic distribution by the combination of vegetative and reproductive morphological characters, and as shown in Table 1.</p><p>However, in molecular phylogenetic studies, the species to which it is morphologically related (See above), according to Batista et al. (2013, 2022a, b), emerge in the clade 6, which include ca. 12 species, three sampled ( H. aranifera, H. repens and H. warmingii Reichenbach f. [1881: 80]), brings aquatic plants or plants from humid or flooded environments, the stems usually with erose wings, elliptical or lanceolate leaves, frequently congested racemes and flowers arranged spirally, characteristics also found in H. brachycalcarata .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/460B42301D59FFD99899540DFBEC95D3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos, Igor Soares Dos;Silva, Marcos José Da	Santos, Igor Soares Dos, Silva, Marcos José Da (2025): An atypical new aquatic species of Habenaria (Orchidaceae, Orchidoideae) from Goiás, Brazil. Phytotaxa 705 (2): 183-192, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.705.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.705.2.5
