taxonID	type	format	identifier	references	title	description	created	creator	contributor	publisher	audience	source	license	rightsHolder	datasetID
466F87BB520A1228FF2A8D81148DB2C1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19136955/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19136955	FIGURE 2. Chaperia granulosa Gordon, 1986.A, holotype NIWA 63; B, NIWA 162544; C, NIWA 162556; D, NIWA 162548; E, F, NIWA 173217; G, H, paratype NIWA 470. A, general view of zooids with 4–6 spine bases, the distal one or two, if present, very small. B, lateral view of zooids at colony margin; note the near-horizontal pair of smaller spines. C, D, distal views of zooids, each with vestigial ooecium; note the distal wedge-shaped part of ooecium with ooecial pore, distal to which are a pair of small spine bases in C, but only one such spine base in D. E, early astogeny with six-spined ancestrula. F, six-spined ancestrula with orificial closure plate. G, interior of distal half of zooid; beneath hemispherical recess is a pair of vertically aligned distolateral septula, each with 6–7 pores, between which is a smaller mid-distal biporous septulum; on the right are three lateral clusters of 3–4 pores. H, exterior view of recessed septula with pores. Scalebars: A, 1 mm; B, E, 500 µm; C, D, F–H, 200 µm.	FIGURE 2. Chaperia granulosa Gordon, 1986.A, holotype NIWA 63; B, NIWA 162544; C, NIWA 162556; D, NIWA 162548; E, F, NIWA 173217; G, H, paratype NIWA 470. A, general view of zooids with 4–6 spine bases, the distal one or two, if present, very small. B, lateral view of zooids at colony margin; note the near-horizontal pair of smaller spines. C, D, distal views of zooids, each with vestigial ooecium; note the distal wedge-shaped part of ooecium with ooecial pore, distal to which are a pair of small spine bases in C, but only one such spine base in D. E, early astogeny with six-spined ancestrula. F, six-spined ancestrula with orificial closure plate. G, interior of distal half of zooid; beneath hemispherical recess is a pair of vertically aligned distolateral septula, each with 6–7 pores, between which is a smaller mid-distal biporous septulum; on the right are three lateral clusters of 3–4 pores. H, exterior view of recessed septula with pores. Scalebars: A, 1 mm; B, E, 500 µm; C, D, F–H, 200 µm.	2025-12-23	Gordon, Dennis P.		Zenodo	biologists	Gordon, Dennis P.			
466F87BB520F1228FF2A8820110DB559.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19136959/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19136959	FIGURE 3. Chaperia nicoi sp. nov. A, H, paratype NIWA 175023; B–G, NIWA 98734. A, cluster of 6–7-spined zooids, some ovicellate. B, smaller zooid cluster from colony margin; two lateral walls with large multiporous septula visible. C, infertile zooidal opesia and adjacent multiporous septulum in lateral wall of adjacent zooid at colony margin. D, non-ovicellate opesia; note beading of cryptocystal tubercles bordering deep narrow cryptocystal groove around opesial margin. E, close-up of a vestigial ooecium with transverse ooecial pore. F, ovicellate opesia; note cryptocystal tubercular beading adjacent to occlusor recesses. G, seven-spined ancestrula with three spines proximal of opesia. H, ancestrulate proximal end of colony portion with spines shown. Scalebars: A, B, H, 300 µm; C–G, 100 µm.	FIGURE 3. Chaperia nicoi sp. nov. A, H, paratype NIWA 175023; B–G, NIWA 98734. A, cluster of 6–7-spined zooids, some ovicellate. B, smaller zooid cluster from colony margin; two lateral walls with large multiporous septula visible. C, infertile zooidal opesia and adjacent multiporous septulum in lateral wall of adjacent zooid at colony margin. D, non-ovicellate opesia; note beading of cryptocystal tubercles bordering deep narrow cryptocystal groove around opesial margin. E, close-up of a vestigial ooecium with transverse ooecial pore. F, ovicellate opesia; note cryptocystal tubercular beading adjacent to occlusor recesses. G, seven-spined ancestrula with three spines proximal of opesia. H, ancestrulate proximal end of colony portion with spines shown. Scalebars: A, B, H, 300 µm; C–G, 100 µm.	2025-12-23	Gordon, Dennis P.		Zenodo	biologists	Gordon, Dennis P.			
466F87BB52011226FF2A8991158CB585.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19136961/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19136961	FIGURE 4. Chaperia sadieae sp. nov. A, E, holotype NIWA 120118; B, D, G, paratype(s) 134603 from same piece of hydroid; C, NIWA 158544; F, NIWA 158572. A, cluster of zooids with six spines in short arcs. B, small colony with ancestrula (a) surrounded by seven daughter zooids. C, vestigial ooecium with tiny ooecial pore in mid-distal lobe. D, small colony with spines intact. E, small multiporous septula in linear row along upper part of a lateral wall. F, seven-spined ancestrula, with three spines proximal of opesia. G, lateral view of ancestrular zooid (az) and daughter zooid (dz) on hydroid substratum. Scalebars: A, 500 µm; B, 400 µm; C, 100 µm; D, 1 mm; E, G, 300 µm; F, 200 µm.	FIGURE 4. Chaperia sadieae sp. nov. A, E, holotype NIWA 120118; B, D, G, paratype(s) 134603 from same piece of hydroid; C, NIWA 158544; F, NIWA 158572. A, cluster of zooids with six spines in short arcs. B, small colony with ancestrula (a) surrounded by seven daughter zooids. C, vestigial ooecium with tiny ooecial pore in mid-distal lobe. D, small colony with spines intact. E, small multiporous septula in linear row along upper part of a lateral wall. F, seven-spined ancestrula, with three spines proximal of opesia. G, lateral view of ancestrular zooid (az) and daughter zooid (dz) on hydroid substratum. Scalebars: A, 500 µm; B, 400 µm; C, 100 µm; D, 1 mm; E, G, 300 µm; F, 200 µm.	2025-12-23	Gordon, Dennis P.		Zenodo	biologists	Gordon, Dennis P.			
466F87BB52011226FF2A8991158CB585.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19136963/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19136963	FIGURE 5. Chaperia raphaeli sp. nov. A, NIWA 173221; B, E, holotype NIWA 173219; C, D, NIWA 89443; F–H, paratype NIWA 173222. A, group of infertile zooids with eight and ten spine-bases. B, opesiae of two zooids, one with seven spines, one with six spines. C, zooids with spines in situ. D, vestigial ooecium with ooecial pore in mid-distal lobe. E, distal end of zooid with multiporous septula in linear series around wall. F, normal eight-spined ancestrula, with two spines proximal to opesia. G, ancestrula surrounded by seven daughter zooids. H, rare ancestrula with an additional (ninth) spine interpolated asymmetrically at upper right (from a small rock with eight ancestrulate colonies). Scalebars: A, C, G, 500 µm; B, E, F, H, 200 µm; D, 100 µm.	FIGURE 5. Chaperia raphaeli sp. nov. A, NIWA 173221; B, E, holotype NIWA 173219; C, D, NIWA 89443; F–H, paratype NIWA 173222. A, group of infertile zooids with eight and ten spine-bases. B, opesiae of two zooids, one with seven spines, one with six spines. C, zooids with spines in situ. D, vestigial ooecium with ooecial pore in mid-distal lobe. E, distal end of zooid with multiporous septula in linear series around wall. F, normal eight-spined ancestrula, with two spines proximal to opesia. G, ancestrula surrounded by seven daughter zooids. H, rare ancestrula with an additional (ninth) spine interpolated asymmetrically at upper right (from a small rock with eight ancestrulate colonies). Scalebars: A, C, G, 500 µm; B, E, F, H, 200 µm; D, 100 µm.	2025-12-23	Gordon, Dennis P.		Zenodo	biologists	Gordon, Dennis P.			
466F87BB52001222FF2A8F131205B60A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19136963/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19136963	FIGURE 5. Chaperia raphaeli sp. nov. A, NIWA 173221; B, E, holotype NIWA 173219; C, D, NIWA 89443; F–H, paratype NIWA 173222. A, group of infertile zooids with eight and ten spine-bases. B, opesiae of two zooids, one with seven spines, one with six spines. C, zooids with spines in situ. D, vestigial ooecium with ooecial pore in mid-distal lobe. E, distal end of zooid with multiporous septula in linear series around wall. F, normal eight-spined ancestrula, with two spines proximal to opesia. G, ancestrula surrounded by seven daughter zooids. H, rare ancestrula with an additional (ninth) spine interpolated asymmetrically at upper right (from a small rock with eight ancestrulate colonies). Scalebars: A, C, G, 500 µm; B, E, F, H, 200 µm; D, 100 µm.	FIGURE 5. Chaperia raphaeli sp. nov. A, NIWA 173221; B, E, holotype NIWA 173219; C, D, NIWA 89443; F–H, paratype NIWA 173222. A, group of infertile zooids with eight and ten spine-bases. B, opesiae of two zooids, one with seven spines, one with six spines. C, zooids with spines in situ. D, vestigial ooecium with ooecial pore in mid-distal lobe. E, distal end of zooid with multiporous septula in linear series around wall. F, normal eight-spined ancestrula, with two spines proximal to opesia. G, ancestrula surrounded by seven daughter zooids. H, rare ancestrula with an additional (ninth) spine interpolated asymmetrically at upper right (from a small rock with eight ancestrulate colonies). Scalebars: A, C, G, 500 µm; B, E, F, H, 200 µm; D, 100 µm.	2025-12-23	Gordon, Dennis P.		Zenodo	biologists	Gordon, Dennis P.			
466F87BB52051220FF2A8DBE10D0B100.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19136967/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19136967	FIGURE 6. Chaperia arii sp. nov. A–G, holotype NIWA 134601. A, zooids with spines in situ. B, C, infertile zooids showing the variable-sized proportionally large opesia; note the beading of the cryptocystal nodules bordering the narrow slit-like cryptocystal extension around the distal opesial margin in B. D, a pair of ovicellate zooids, the one at right slightly tilted distad, showing the crest-like elevation of the proximal ooecial margin. E, vestigial ooecium in frontal view with conspicuous ooecial pore. F, nine-spined ancestrula, three spine-bases proximal of opesia. G, single large multiporous septulum of lateral wall. Scalebars: A, C, D, 300 µm; B, 200 µm; E–G, 100 µm.	FIGURE 6. Chaperia arii sp. nov. A–G, holotype NIWA 134601. A, zooids with spines in situ. B, C, infertile zooids showing the variable-sized proportionally large opesia; note the beading of the cryptocystal nodules bordering the narrow slit-like cryptocystal extension around the distal opesial margin in B. D, a pair of ovicellate zooids, the one at right slightly tilted distad, showing the crest-like elevation of the proximal ooecial margin. E, vestigial ooecium in frontal view with conspicuous ooecial pore. F, nine-spined ancestrula, three spine-bases proximal of opesia. G, single large multiporous septulum of lateral wall. Scalebars: A, C, D, 300 µm; B, 200 µm; E–G, 100 µm.	2025-12-23	Gordon, Dennis P.		Zenodo	biologists	Gordon, Dennis P.			
466F87BB5207123EFF2A8A6012A3B0E4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19136969/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19136969	FIGURE 7. Chaperia bennettae sp. nov. A–C, F, G, paratype NIWA 120117; D, holotype NIWA 120116; E, NIWA 120115 (inadvertently destroyed). A, group of zooids at margin of small colony. B, distal view of upper left-hand zooid in A showing ooecial pore prior to formation of vestigial ooecium and a pair of spine bases below it. C, opesia with vestigial distal ooecium, ooecial pores and lower spine bases. D, part of colony with acicular spines in situ. E, ancestrula with small spine bases, one borne mid-proximally; cystid wall (gymnocyst?) outside of granular cryptocyst appears textured. F, interior view of distal communication pores, mostly clustered. G, uniporous septula of long lateral wall disposed in linear series low on wall. Scalebars: A, 500 µm; B, C, E, 200 µm; D, 1 mm; F, 100 µm; G, 300 µm.	FIGURE 7. Chaperia bennettae sp. nov. A–C, F, G, paratype NIWA 120117; D, holotype NIWA 120116; E, NIWA 120115 (inadvertently destroyed). A, group of zooids at margin of small colony. B, distal view of upper left-hand zooid in A showing ooecial pore prior to formation of vestigial ooecium and a pair of spine bases below it. C, opesia with vestigial distal ooecium, ooecial pores and lower spine bases. D, part of colony with acicular spines in situ. E, ancestrula with small spine bases, one borne mid-proximally; cystid wall (gymnocyst?) outside of granular cryptocyst appears textured. F, interior view of distal communication pores, mostly clustered. G, uniporous septula of long lateral wall disposed in linear series low on wall. Scalebars: A, 500 µm; B, C, E, 200 µm; D, 1 mm; F, 100 µm; G, 300 µm.	2025-12-23	Gordon, Dennis P.		Zenodo	biologists	Gordon, Dennis P.			
466F87BB5219123FFF2A8A441478B5D0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19136971/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19136971	FIGURE 8. Chaperia crassispina sp. nov. A–G, paratype NIWA 158563. A, B, frontal (en face) and lateral views of zooids with spines in situ. C, ancestrula and daughter zooid. D, fertile zooid with large opesia. E, vestigial ooecium with ooecial pore. F, zooid with very small area of cryptocyst; note developing ooecium mid-distally. G, ovicellate zooid tilted to show large multiporous septula. Scalebars: A, 500 µm; B, 400 µm; C, D, F, G, 200 µm; E, 100 µm.	FIGURE 8. Chaperia crassispina sp. nov. A–G, paratype NIWA 158563. A, B, frontal (en face) and lateral views of zooids with spines in situ. C, ancestrula and daughter zooid. D, fertile zooid with large opesia. E, vestigial ooecium with ooecial pore. F, zooid with very small area of cryptocyst; note developing ooecium mid-distally. G, ovicellate zooid tilted to show large multiporous septula. Scalebars: A, 500 µm; B, 400 µm; C, D, F, G, 200 µm; E, 100 µm.	2025-12-23	Gordon, Dennis P.		Zenodo	biologists	Gordon, Dennis P.			
466F87BB521B123DFF2A8991150EB5AD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19136977/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19136977	FIGURE 9. Chaperia dianae sp. nov. A, B, paratype NIWA 175043; C, E, NIWA 175041; D, F–G, NIWA 175047. A, group of mostly 10-spined zooids. B, close-up of median upper zooid in A showing small distomedial cryptocystal extension, with cryptocyst scalloped and very narrow on either side of opesia. C–E, vestigial ooecia with variably sized ooecial pores and small distal spine-bases. F, lateral (left) and proximal (right) views of opesial spines. G, H, exterior (G) and interior (H) views of multiporous septula of lateral walls. Scalebars: A, F, 500 µm; B–E, G, H, 200 µm.	FIGURE 9. Chaperia dianae sp. nov. A, B, paratype NIWA 175043; C, E, NIWA 175041; D, F–G, NIWA 175047. A, group of mostly 10-spined zooids. B, close-up of median upper zooid in A showing small distomedial cryptocystal extension, with cryptocyst scalloped and very narrow on either side of opesia. C–E, vestigial ooecia with variably sized ooecial pores and small distal spine-bases. F, lateral (left) and proximal (right) views of opesial spines. G, H, exterior (G) and interior (H) views of multiporous septula of lateral walls. Scalebars: A, F, 500 µm; B–E, G, H, 200 µm.	2025-12-23	Gordon, Dennis P.		Zenodo	biologists	Gordon, Dennis P.			
466F87BB521B123DFF2A8991150EB5AD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19136979/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19136979	FIGURE 10. Chaperia dianae sp. nov. A, NIWA 175040; B, NIWA 175041. A, small ancestrulate colony (partially competing with crustose-coralline overgrowth). B, ancestrula with nine spines, three of them proximal to opesia. Scalebars: A, 400 µm; B, 200 µm.	FIGURE 10. Chaperia dianae sp. nov. A, NIWA 175040; B, NIWA 175041. A, small ancestrulate colony (partially competing with crustose-coralline overgrowth). B, ancestrula with nine spines, three of them proximal to opesia. Scalebars: A, 400 µm; B, 200 µm.	2025-12-23	Gordon, Dennis P.		Zenodo	biologists	Gordon, Dennis P.			
466F87BB521D1238FF2A8A22133DB7F0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19136983/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19136983	FIGURE 11. Chaperia emarginata sp. nov. A, C–F, paratype NIWA 158490; B, paratype NIWA 23461; G, NIWA 161252; H, paratype NIWA 98197. A, part of bipolar oligo–pluriserial colony. B, part of colony with spines in situ. C, D, comparative appearance of opesiae respectively lacking an ooecium and possessing an ooecium, the distal emargination in each flanked by spine bases. E, distal view of a pair of zooids at colony margin showing recessed biporous septula in lateral and distal walls; arrows point to distal cryptocystal emarginations flanked by spines. F, distal view of infertile zooid showing conspicuous cryptocystal emargination (asterisked). G, asymmetrical ancestrulate colony origin. H, ancestrula in partial profile to highlight the sutured gymnocystal strips passing across part of the cryptocyst to the three spine bases proximal of the opesia. Scalebars: A, B, 1 mm; C–E, G, H, 200 µm; F, 100 µm.	FIGURE 11. Chaperia emarginata sp. nov. A, C–F, paratype NIWA 158490; B, paratype NIWA 23461; G, NIWA 161252; H, paratype NIWA 98197. A, part of bipolar oligo–pluriserial colony. B, part of colony with spines in situ. C, D, comparative appearance of opesiae respectively lacking an ooecium and possessing an ooecium, the distal emargination in each flanked by spine bases. E, distal view of a pair of zooids at colony margin showing recessed biporous septula in lateral and distal walls; arrows point to distal cryptocystal emarginations flanked by spines. F, distal view of infertile zooid showing conspicuous cryptocystal emargination (asterisked). G, asymmetrical ancestrulate colony origin. H, ancestrula in partial profile to highlight the sutured gymnocystal strips passing across part of the cryptocyst to the three spine bases proximal of the opesia. Scalebars: A, B, 1 mm; C–E, G, H, 200 µm; F, 100 µm.	2025-12-23	Gordon, Dennis P.		Zenodo	biologists	Gordon, Dennis P.			
466F87BB521F1237FF2A8F30145CB1C1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19136985/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19136985	FIGURE 12. Chaperia Juliani sp. nov. A, B, G, H, holotype NIWA 173209; C, E, F, NIWA 98735; D, NIWA 144843. A, part of colony with spines in situ; B, an isolated infertile zooid with cryptocystal tubercles appearing as beading around the opesial margin. C, F, isolated ovicellate zooids; note the relatively larger proximolateral opesial spines. D, E, distal ends of infertile and fertile zooids, respectively; vestigial ooecium with slit-like ooecial pore. G, lateral zooidal wall with single relatively large multiporous septulum. H, ancestrula with nine spines, the three proximalmost ones some distance from the opesia. Scalebars: A, 500 µm; B, D, E, H, 100 µm; C, F, G, 200 µm.	FIGURE 12. Chaperia Juliani sp. nov. A, B, G, H, holotype NIWA 173209; C, E, F, NIWA 98735; D, NIWA 144843. A, part of colony with spines in situ; B, an isolated infertile zooid with cryptocystal tubercles appearing as beading around the opesial margin. C, F, isolated ovicellate zooids; note the relatively larger proximolateral opesial spines. D, E, distal ends of infertile and fertile zooids, respectively; vestigial ooecium with slit-like ooecial pore. G, lateral zooidal wall with single relatively large multiporous septulum. H, ancestrula with nine spines, the three proximalmost ones some distance from the opesia. Scalebars: A, 500 µm; B, D, E, H, 100 µm; C, F, G, 200 µm.	2025-12-23	Gordon, Dennis P.		Zenodo	biologists	Gordon, Dennis P.			
466F87BB521F1237FF2A8F30145CB1C1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19136989/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19136989	FIGURE 13 Chaperia Juliani sp. nov. A, B, NIWA 144808. A, early colony astogeny, ancestrula surrounded by seven daughter zooids. B, close-up of ancestrula of same colony.	FIGURE 13 Chaperia Juliani sp. nov. A, B, NIWA 144808. A, early colony astogeny, ancestrula surrounded by seven daughter zooids. B, close-up of ancestrula of same colony.	2025-12-23	Gordon, Dennis P.		Zenodo	biologists	Gordon, Dennis P.			
466F87BB52101235FF2A8D201231B074.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19136991/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19136991	FIGURE 14. Chaperia lata sp. nov. A, B, paratype NIWA 161238; C–F, paratype NIWA 92676; G, holotype NIWA 134521. A, cluster of zooids, two ovicellate, with 5–6 opesial spines. B, opesiae of six-spined (left, fertile) and four-spined (right, infertile) zooids. C, part of colony with spines in situ. D, close-up of a six-spined zooid (centre), with the two distomedial spines much smaller than the rest. E, F, exterior (left) and interior (right) views of lateral walls showing the remarkably broad distribution of uniporous septula. G, nine-spined ancestrula. Scalebars: A, 500 µm; B, D, 300 µm; C, 1 mm; E, F, 200 µm; G, 100 µm.	FIGURE 14. Chaperia lata sp. nov. A, B, paratype NIWA 161238; C–F, paratype NIWA 92676; G, holotype NIWA 134521. A, cluster of zooids, two ovicellate, with 5–6 opesial spines. B, opesiae of six-spined (left, fertile) and four-spined (right, infertile) zooids. C, part of colony with spines in situ. D, close-up of a six-spined zooid (centre), with the two distomedial spines much smaller than the rest. E, F, exterior (left) and interior (right) views of lateral walls showing the remarkably broad distribution of uniporous septula. G, nine-spined ancestrula. Scalebars: A, 500 µm; B, D, 300 µm; C, 1 mm; E, F, 200 µm; G, 100 µm.	2025-12-23	Gordon, Dennis P.		Zenodo	biologists	Gordon, Dennis P.			
466F87BB52121230FF2A8BB41258B3B8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19136995/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19136995	FIGURE 15. Chaperia multispinosa Gordon, 1984. sp. nov. A, holotype NIWA 1164; B, F, G, H, NIWA 158577; C–E, NIWA 161225. A, cluster of zooids, all infertile. B, distal view of zooid at colony margin tilted to show three tiers of spine bases and, below them, paired vertical recesses concealing septular pores of narrow mid-distal wall sector. C, frontal view of one whole zooid and two opesiae with spines in situ. D, cluster of autozooidal opesiae tilted to show variations in spine distribution. E, distal view of spines of a single zooid; note the thinner, shorter, less vertically disposed distalmost spines of the lowest tiers. F, vestigial ooecium with mid-distal ooecial pore. G, exterior view of septular-pore groupings along a lateral wall (distal at right of image). H, interior view of septular-pore groupings along a lateral wall (distal at left of image). Scalebars: A, D, 500 µm; B, C, 300 µm; E, 400 µm; F, 100 µm; G, H. 100 µm.	FIGURE 15. Chaperia multispinosa Gordon, 1984. sp. nov. A, holotype NIWA 1164; B, F, G, H, NIWA 158577; C–E, NIWA 161225. A, cluster of zooids, all infertile. B, distal view of zooid at colony margin tilted to show three tiers of spine bases and, below them, paired vertical recesses concealing septular pores of narrow mid-distal wall sector. C, frontal view of one whole zooid and two opesiae with spines in situ. D, cluster of autozooidal opesiae tilted to show variations in spine distribution. E, distal view of spines of a single zooid; note the thinner, shorter, less vertically disposed distalmost spines of the lowest tiers. F, vestigial ooecium with mid-distal ooecial pore. G, exterior view of septular-pore groupings along a lateral wall (distal at right of image). H, interior view of septular-pore groupings along a lateral wall (distal at left of image). Scalebars: A, D, 500 µm; B, C, 300 µm; E, 400 µm; F, 100 µm; G, H. 100 µm.	2025-12-23	Gordon, Dennis P.		Zenodo	biologists	Gordon, Dennis P.			
466F87BB52121230FF2A8BB41258B3B8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19136999/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19136999	FIGURE 16. Chaperia multispinosa Gordon, 1984. sp. nov. A–E, NIWA 6038. A, ancestrula (proximal end concealed) and mid-distal daughter zooid. B, early astogeny of another colony with entire ancestrula visible. C–E, views of three adventitious avicularia, two of them borne distally, one (D), borne laterally. Scalebars: A, C, 100 µm; B, 400 µm; D, E, 200 µm.	FIGURE 16. Chaperia multispinosa Gordon, 1984. sp. nov. A–E, NIWA 6038. A, ancestrula (proximal end concealed) and mid-distal daughter zooid. B, early astogeny of another colony with entire ancestrula visible. C–E, views of three adventitious avicularia, two of them borne distally, one (D), borne laterally. Scalebars: A, C, 100 µm; B, 400 µm; D, E, 200 µm.	2025-12-23	Gordon, Dennis P.		Zenodo	biologists	Gordon, Dennis P.			
466F87BB5217120EFF2A88F811F5B724.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19137003/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19137003	FIGURE 17. Chaperia stotteri sp. nov. A, B, E–I, paratype NIWA 12659; C, NIWA 132793; D, NIWA 173228. A, group of autozooids, all infertile. B, zooids with spines in situ. C, vestigial ooecium with semioval wedge-shaped distal part with slightly projecting corners and ooecial pore. D, vestigial ooecium lacking distal wedge when rare avicularium present. E, early astogeny. F, close-up of nine-spined ancestrula in E. G, H, adventitious avicularia. I, multiporous septula and wall spinulation (exterior side of walls). Scalebars: A, E, 400 µm; B, 500 µm; C, H, 50 µm; D, F, G, 100 µm; I, 200 µm.	FIGURE 17. Chaperia stotteri sp. nov. A, B, E–I, paratype NIWA 12659; C, NIWA 132793; D, NIWA 173228. A, group of autozooids, all infertile. B, zooids with spines in situ. C, vestigial ooecium with semioval wedge-shaped distal part with slightly projecting corners and ooecial pore. D, vestigial ooecium lacking distal wedge when rare avicularium present. E, early astogeny. F, close-up of nine-spined ancestrula in E. G, H, adventitious avicularia. I, multiporous septula and wall spinulation (exterior side of walls). Scalebars: A, E, 400 µm; B, 500 µm; C, H, 50 µm; D, F, G, 100 µm; I, 200 µm.	2025-12-23	Gordon, Dennis P.		Zenodo	biologists	Gordon, Dennis P.			
466F87BB5217120EFF2A88F811F5B724.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19136999/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19136999	FIGURE 16. Chaperia multispinosa Gordon, 1984. sp. nov. A–E, NIWA 6038. A, ancestrula (proximal end concealed) and mid-distal daughter zooid. B, early astogeny of another colony with entire ancestrula visible. C–E, views of three adventitious avicularia, two of them borne distally, one (D), borne laterally. Scalebars: A, C, 100 µm; B, 400 µm; D, E, 200 µm.	FIGURE 16. Chaperia multispinosa Gordon, 1984. sp. nov. A–E, NIWA 6038. A, ancestrula (proximal end concealed) and mid-distal daughter zooid. B, early astogeny of another colony with entire ancestrula visible. C–E, views of three adventitious avicularia, two of them borne distally, one (D), borne laterally. Scalebars: A, C, 100 µm; B, 400 µm; D, E, 200 µm.	2025-12-23	Gordon, Dennis P.		Zenodo	biologists	Gordon, Dennis P.			
466F87BB5229120CFF2A8CCC1590B148.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19137005/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19137005	FIGURE 18. Chaperia campbellensis sp. nov. A, C, D, holotype NIWA 162599; B, E, F, paratype NIWA 173210. A, cluster of infertile zooids. B, zooids with some spines in situ. C, vestigial ooecium with small transverse slit-like ooecial pore. D, multiporous septula of lateral (left) and distal walls (exterior side of walls). E, early astogeny. F, characteristic eleven-spined ancestrula. Scalebars: A, 1 mm; B, 500 µm; C, 100 µm; D, F, 200 µm; E, 400 µm.	FIGURE 18. Chaperia campbellensis sp. nov. A, C, D, holotype NIWA 162599; B, E, F, paratype NIWA 173210. A, cluster of infertile zooids. B, zooids with some spines in situ. C, vestigial ooecium with small transverse slit-like ooecial pore. D, multiporous septula of lateral (left) and distal walls (exterior side of walls). E, early astogeny. F, characteristic eleven-spined ancestrula. Scalebars: A, 1 mm; B, 500 µm; C, 100 µm; D, F, 200 µm; E, 400 µm.	2025-12-23	Gordon, Dennis P.		Zenodo	biologists	Gordon, Dennis P.			
466F87BB522B120AFF2A8AA814ECB672.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19137007/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19137007	FIGURE 19. Chaperia sebastiani sp. nov. A, C, F–H, holotype NIWA 175010; B, D, E, AM U. 6063. A, ancestrulate colony with some ovicellate zooids. B, part of colony with spines in situ. C, close-up of autozooids, the median one ovicellate. D, close-up of ovicellate zooid in C. E, an eleven-spined ancestrula on its algal substratum. F, close-up of a bleached ancestrula, its gymnocyst concealed. G, large lateral multiporous septulum. H, multiporous septula of lateral (right) and distal walls. I, closeup of a pair of distal septula (interior view). Scalebars: A, 1 mm; B, 500 µm; C, 300 µm; D, E, G, H, 200 µm; F, I, 100 µm.	FIGURE 19. Chaperia sebastiani sp. nov. A, C, F–H, holotype NIWA 175010; B, D, E, AM U. 6063. A, ancestrulate colony with some ovicellate zooids. B, part of colony with spines in situ. C, close-up of autozooids, the median one ovicellate. D, close-up of ovicellate zooid in C. E, an eleven-spined ancestrula on its algal substratum. F, close-up of a bleached ancestrula, its gymnocyst concealed. G, large lateral multiporous septulum. H, multiporous septula of lateral (right) and distal walls. I, closeup of a pair of distal septula (interior view). Scalebars: A, 1 mm; B, 500 µm; C, 300 µm; D, E, G, H, 200 µm; F, I, 100 µm.	2025-12-23	Gordon, Dennis P.		Zenodo	biologists	Gordon, Dennis P.			
466F87BB522D1208FF2A8DBE127CB432.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19137011/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19137011	FIGURE 20. Chaperia tiara sp. nov. A, G, NIWA 158484; B, NIWA 169308; C, NIWA 23484; D, H, paratype NIWA 23293; E, F, holotype NIWA 23441. A, part of biserial runner. B, lateral view of zooids with spines in situ; small lateral septula shown as well. C, inset, showing two biporous septula. D, individual zooid tilted to show disposition of distalmost spines and septula. E, ancestrula, partly broken, showing bases of eleven spines, three of them proximal to opesia. F, G, vestigial ooecia, each with mid-distal ooecial pore, in relation to spines. H, autozooidal opesia with distal ooecial pore prior to formation of ooecium. I, early astogeny. Scalebars: A, 500 µm; B, 1 mm; C, 50 µm; D, I, 300 µm; E, F, H, 200 µm; G, 100 µm.	FIGURE 20. Chaperia tiara sp. nov. A, G, NIWA 158484; B, NIWA 169308; C, NIWA 23484; D, H, paratype NIWA 23293; E, F, holotype NIWA 23441. A, part of biserial runner. B, lateral view of zooids with spines in situ; small lateral septula shown as well. C, inset, showing two biporous septula. D, individual zooid tilted to show disposition of distalmost spines and septula. E, ancestrula, partly broken, showing bases of eleven spines, three of them proximal to opesia. F, G, vestigial ooecia, each with mid-distal ooecial pore, in relation to spines. H, autozooidal opesia with distal ooecial pore prior to formation of ooecium. I, early astogeny. Scalebars: A, 500 µm; B, 1 mm; C, 50 µm; D, I, 300 µm; E, F, H, 200 µm; G, 100 µm.	2025-12-23	Gordon, Dennis P.		Zenodo	biologists	Gordon, Dennis P.			
466F87BB522F1207FF2A8F7C126EB100.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19137013/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19137013	FIGURE 21. Chaperia biserialis sp. nov. A, from Gordon 1984, pl. 5B; B, G, paratype NIWA 3766; C, holotype NIWA 95689; D–F, NIWA 161239. A, part of biserial runner from NIWA Stn K795 (specimen no longer extant). B, colony on erect tubuliporine bryozoan, spines in situ. C, biserial runner on rock, spines in situ. D, distal end of zooid showing bases of three tiers of spines. E, vestigial ooecium, ooecial pore between distal spine pair. F, recessed distal and distolateral multiporous septula. G, ancestrula with primary series of 13 spine bases, five of them proximal of opesia, with two pairs of accessory distolateral spine bases. Scalebars: A, 500 µm; B, C, 1 mm; D, 200 µm; E–G, 100 µm.	FIGURE 21. Chaperia biserialis sp. nov. A, from Gordon 1984, pl. 5B; B, G, paratype NIWA 3766; C, holotype NIWA 95689; D–F, NIWA 161239. A, part of biserial runner from NIWA Stn K795 (specimen no longer extant). B, colony on erect tubuliporine bryozoan, spines in situ. C, biserial runner on rock, spines in situ. D, distal end of zooid showing bases of three tiers of spines. E, vestigial ooecium, ooecial pore between distal spine pair. F, recessed distal and distolateral multiporous septula. G, ancestrula with primary series of 13 spine bases, five of them proximal of opesia, with two pairs of accessory distolateral spine bases. Scalebars: A, 500 µm; B, C, 1 mm; D, 200 µm; E–G, 100 µm.	2025-12-23	Gordon, Dennis P.		Zenodo	biologists	Gordon, Dennis P.			
