identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
46509C46FFC8FFF685CB47D2FF2EF855.text	46509C46FFC8FFF685CB47D2FF2EF855.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neoperla luocheng Wang, Wang, and Li 2026	<div><p>Neoperla luocheng Wang, Wang, and Li, sp. nov.</p><p>Figures 1–4</p><p>Male. A large Neoperla . Forewing length 12.9–13.8 mm, hindwing length 10.8–11.3 mm (N=2). General body color brown (Fig. 1). Head as wide as pronotum, with a brown pentagonal stigma on anterior frons and a pair of dark brown dots posterior to the stigma, a large, dark, quadrangular area covering ocelli (Fig. 2a). Distance between ocelli nearly as wide as diameter of one ocellus. Pronotum brown with large, oval, dark rugosities bordering a narrowly pigmented midline, a light space sublaterally with band of pigment on lateral edges; anterior corners angular, posterior corners rounded (Fig. 2a). Wing membrane clear, light gray/brown, with brownish veins; legs brown, with distal third of femur dark brown, tibial joint and callous dark brown. Scutum and scutellum of meso-and metathoracic nota dark brown, background lighter. Abdomen light brown, sclerites of terminal segments 7–10 darker.</p><p>Terminalia. Tergum 7 with a pair of sclerotized and nipple-shaped processes nearing anterior margin and a distal subquadrate process on posterior margin, covered by few sensilla basiconica (Fig. 2b–c). Tergum 8 medially with an upcurved tongue-shaped process fringed with several sensilla basiconica distally (Fig. 2b–c). Tergum 9 without sensilla patches. Hemitergal processes of tergum 10 sclerotized, finger-like, curved medially, with expanded base and sharp tip (Fig. 2b, 2e–f).</p><p>Penis. Tube plump, lightly sclerotized ventrally, a large dorsobasal sclerite extends from sclerotized knobs to near middle of tube, distal tip of the tube curves slightly ventrad, a quadrate, sclerotized tab extends over half of bulb (Fig. 3a–b). Note that the sclerotized knobs (their bases denoting the dorsal surface of penis) of Zwick (2023) and Zwick &amp; Zwick (2023) are obscured by a tangle of membranous tissue but are present at the base of the dorsobasal sclerite. Endophallus about 2.5X longer than tube and distinctly curved, forming a complete loop and right angle over tube; loop with a dense patch of small spines midlength ventrally that becomes sparse on dorsal surface, dorsal surface mostly lacking spines and spinules until reaching right angle bend; the long straight ventral surface of endophallus with two patches of large, hooked spines, one at the base of the straight section and one at the distal end; a long wide patch of fine, golden spinules, granules and scales form on the dorsal surface of endophallus from the right angle to its distal tip (Fig. 3a–d).</p><p>Female. Forewing length 17.2 mm, hindwing length 14.6 mm. General color and pattern similar to males. Sternum 8 slightly sclerotized except the middle posterior margin slightly produced forming a small and quadrate subgenital plate that is slightly recessed from the posterior of the segment (Fig. 4d). Vagina possesses subrectangular sclerites, the wide vagina located in front of caudal segment edge. The spermathecal stalk (SSt) much longer than vagina, S-shaped, basal half with many longitudinal folds to front edge. Apical half to apex of SSt densely coated by brown scales. The spermathecal duct (sd) slender and short. Spermatheca (sa) with pale internal spicules, median bearing a single accessory gland.</p><p>Egg. Outline spindle-shaped, 0.38–0.42 mm long and 0.18–0.21 mm wide (N=2). Collar not distinctly stalked, anchor absent. Chorion striate. Follicle cell impressions (FCIs) on collar and on opercular pole distinct. Micropyles are invisible (Fig. 4e–f).</p><p>Type material. Holotype: male (HIST), China: Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.7806&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.0981" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.7806/lat 25.0981)">Hechi City</a>, Luocheng County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.7806&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.0981" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.7806/lat 25.0981)">Baotan Township</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.7806&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.0981" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.7806/lat 25.0981)">Jiuwanshan National Nature Reserve</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.7806&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.0981" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.7806/lat 25.0981)">Yuxi Conservation Station</a>, light trap, 356 m, 25.0981°N 108.7806°E, 9.V.2024, Yingying Wang, Chuanbu Gao, Mengchao Tan, Xuhui Liang, Yao Yao leg. Paratypes: 1 male and 1 female (HIST), same data as holotype .</p><p>Etymology. The name luocheng is derived from Luocheng County, where the new species was found. Used as a noun, gender neutral.</p><p>Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China.</p><p>Remarks. Because of the slender nature of the endophallus with spinules and spines and the terminal of endophallus with forked slender sclerites, we consider N. luocheng sp. nov. to belong to the N. (Formosita) sinensis - group.</p><p>The male of Neoperla luocheng sp. nov. is characterized by the penis tube being lightly sclerotized and the endophallus having a loop with three patches of large spines near its base, at midlength and near the distal end, most prevalent on the ventral surface. A large patch of fine spinules form dense patches on the dorsal surface opposite the middle and the distal patches of large spines. Neoperla luocheng sp. nov. is most similar to two Chinese congeners, N. bicornua Wu, 1973, and N. huangshana Huo, Du &amp; Zhu, 2021 in sharing a similar head pattern, penis and terminalia. However, both N. bicornua and N. huangshana possess expanded parallel-sided bases on the hemitergal processes, a character state absent in the new taxon (compare fig. 7 in Li &amp; Yan, 2021, fig. 13B in Huo et al. 2021 and Fig. 3). Additionally, their endophallic armature differ: in N. bicornua and N. huangshana, the endophallus lacks the spines located near the base of the loop present in N. luocheng; and the patches of large, dorsal hooks are continuous in the two known species but interrupted in the new species (compare fig. 7 in Li &amp; Yan, 2021 and Fig. 2).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/46509C46FFC8FFF685CB47D2FF2EF855	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wang, Yingying;Wang, Guoquan;Li, Weihai;Tan, Fei;Tan, Mengchao	Wang, Yingying, Wang, Guoquan, Li, Weihai, Tan, Fei, Tan, Mengchao (2026): Two new species of Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from Southern China. Zootaxa 5757 (4): 393-400, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5757.4.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5757.4.7
46509C46FFCDFFF385CB4189FEA2FF55.text	46509C46FFCDFFF385CB4189FEA2FF55.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neoperla pianma Wang, Wang, and Li 2026	<div><p>Neoperla pianma Wang, Wang, and Li, sp. nov.</p><p>Figures 5–6</p><p>Male. A large species. Forewing length 13.8–14.7 mm, hindwing length 10.9–13.4 mm (N=3). General body light brown (Fig. 5a). Head as wide as pronotum, with a brown stigma on anterior frons and with a brown quadrangular area covering ocelli (Fig. 5a–b). Distance between ocelli nearly as wide as diameter of one ocellus. Pronotum brown with rugosities in middle third darker than lateral areas; anterior corners sharp, posterior corners rounded (Fig. 5a– b). Wing membrane brownish with darker veins; legs brown (Fig. 5a). Abdomen brown, terminal segments darker. Terminalia . Posterior of tergum 7 half sclerotized, posteromedially with sclerotized, subquadrate process extending over anterior part of tergum 8, the process covered with small sensilla basiconica (Fig. 5c–d). Tergum 8 with a median upcurved triangular process fringed with several sensilla basiconica distally (Fig. 5c–d). Tergum 9 with long hair medially. Hemitergal processes of tergum 10 sclerotized, basal callus rounded with sensilla basiconica, the anterior process being finger-like, curved medially, with expanded base and sharp tip (Fig. 5c–e).</p><p>Penis. Tube straight and plump, basodorsal surface with a large oval sclerite extending past midlength of tube; a quadrate, sclerotized tab covering half of bulb; tube armed with minute spines over most of surface (Fig. 6a–b). Endophallus about 0.5X longer than tube and distinctly curved dorsad forming an obtuse angle, with a pair of spiny lobes at base ventrally (Fig. 6a and 6b). Endophallus armatures comprise spines of various sizes, with the largest spines concentrated on the dorsal surface near apex presenting a T-shaped spinulose patch; the ventral surface with a subapically incomplete ring consists of two spine patches, and a few larger spines at apex (Fig. 6a and 6c).</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Type material. Holotype: male (HIST), China: Yunnan Province, Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture, Lushui City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.6611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.0014" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.6611/lat 26.0014)">Pianma Town</a>, light trap, 123 m, 26.0014°N 98.6611°E, 20.VIII.2024, Mingyu Liu leg. Paratypes: 2 males (HIST), same data as holotype .</p><p>Etymology. The name pianma is derived from the Pianma Town of China, where the new species was found. Used as a noun, gender neutral.</p><p>Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Yunnan Province of China.</p><p>Remarks. Based on the presence of paired, spiny ventral lobes on the new species, N. pianma sp. nov. is assigned to N. (Formosita) lushana- complex of the N. (Formosita) subgenus. The male of Neoperla pianma sp. nov. is characterized by the short penial endophallus exhibiting a T-shaped spine patch on its distodorsal apex (Fig. 6). The penis of this species resembles that of N. donglaii Li &amp; Li, 2024 (in Chen et al. 2024) and N. nebulosa Stark &amp; Sivec, 2008 . It differs from the former in having a T-shaped spine patch on the dorsal endophallus and a smaller quadrangular stigma covering ocelli. The endophallus of the new species is more similar in size and shape to N. nebulosa but the endophallus armature is relatively weak along the lateral margin and reduced along the dorsal margin than found in N. nebulosa . The new species has an incomplete spiny ring ventrally which is complete in N. nebulosa . In addition, the Vietnamese species has a large brown stigma on the head (figs. 53–54 in Stark &amp; Sivec 2008) whereas the new species is pigmented primarily around the ocelli and a small, triangular pigment spot on the frontoclypeus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/46509C46FFCDFFF385CB4189FEA2FF55	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wang, Yingying;Wang, Guoquan;Li, Weihai;Tan, Fei;Tan, Mengchao	Wang, Yingying, Wang, Guoquan, Li, Weihai, Tan, Fei, Tan, Mengchao (2026): Two new species of Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from Southern China. Zootaxa 5757 (4): 393-400, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5757.4.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5757.4.7
