identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
472DEA00FFF0251A57250B60FD006C4F.text	472DEA00FFF0251A57250B60FD006C4F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paxiximyia Toma & Olivier 2018	<div><p>Paxiximyia Toma &amp; Olivier, n. gen. (Figs. 1–8).</p><p>Type species. Paxiximyia sulmatogrossensis n. sp., by present designation.</p><p>Recognition. In the Central American key to Tachinidae (Wood and Zumbado, 2010), the specimens P. sulmatogrosensis n. sp. run to Blondeliini with haired prosternum in couplets 115–119, but do not fit into any these specific couplets. In Wood’s (1985) key, the specimens run to Meigenielloides Townsend, 1919, but Paxiximyia n. gen. differs from this genus in having distinctly longer anteriormost reclinate orbital setae than uppermost frontal setae and vein R 4+5 being setose almost to crossvein r-m.</p><p>Within the Oedematocera -group, Paxiximyia n. gen. appears similar to Neophasmophaga and Miamimyia because both veins R 1 and R 4+5 are dorsally setulose on at least the basal third. The new genus is distinguished from these two genera by lack of proclinate orbital setae on fronto-orbital plate, facial ridge with a few setae on lower third above vibrissa, and a pair of abdominal discal setae on tergites 3 and 4. Male Paxiximyia n. gen. genitalia is distinctive with inner cerci surface deeply excavated and haired and surstyli elongated and narrow, precluding its consideration as congeneric with Neophasmophaga and Miamimyia species or species pertaining to other Oedematocera -group genera with known genitalia morphologies.</p><p>Paxiximyia n. gen. differs from Anisia and Phasmophaga by katepisternum with three setae and mid tibia with two anterodorsal setae. According to Wood (1985), Tettigoniophaga Guimarães, 1978 appears to belong to Anisia . He suggested that the absence of proclinate orbital setae and narrow frons in the male would not be enough to separate them. Wood (op. cit.) included Tettigoniophaga in the range of variation presented by Anisia species, but he did not formalize the synonymy. Paxiximyia n. gen. can be differentiated from Tettigoniophaga in the same manner as Anisia . The new genus differs from Miamimyiops in proclinate orbital setae absent on fronto-orbital plate, facial ridge with a few setae on lower third above vibrissa, a pair of median marginal setae on syntergite 1 + 2 and tergite 3, and a pair of median discal setae on tergites 3 and 4.</p><p>Description. Characteristics follow Wood (1985). Head (Figs. 1–3): Fronto-orbital plate without proclinate orbital setae and with two reclinate orbital setae, anteriormost reclinate orbital seta distinctly longer than posteriormost reclinate orbital seta and uppermost frontal seta; ocellar setae long and divergent; eye bare; parafacial bare; lower margin of face at level of vibrissa not visible in profile; arista longer than first flagellomere; facial ridge with a few setae on lower third above vibrissa; subvibrissal ridge short with two or three setae; anteroventral margin of gena bearing at least three stout setae. Thorax (Figs. 1, 3, 4): prosternum with a few fine setulae; proepisternum bare; postpronotum with three basal and one short anterior setae, middle basal seta displaced slightly forward in line with outer basal and anterior setae; katepisternum with three setae, anteroventral seta shorter and weaker than anterior and posterior setae; scutellum with one pair each of basal, lateral, subapical, apical, and discal setae, lateral setae subparallel and shorter than basal and subapical setae, the latter ones slightly divergent, apical setae very short, setula-like and subparallel; fore tibia with two posterior setae; mid tibia with two anterodorsal setae; dorsally vein R 1 setose on basal half and vein R 4+5 setose almost to crossvein r-m; ventrally one to three setulae at bifurcation of veins R 2+3 and R 4+5; veins R 4+5 and M both ending before wing apex. Abdomen (Fig. 3): middorsal depression not reaching hind margin of syntergite 1 + 2; abdominal syntergite 1 + 2 and tergite 3 each with one pair of well-developed median marginal setae and one pair of lateral marginal setae; tergite 4 with a row of median marginal setae; tergites 3 and 4 each with one pair of median discal setae. Terminalia (Figs. 5 and 6): Epiphallus developed; cerci with deeply excavated and haired inner surface, well separated almost along entire length and fused basally in posterior view; surstyli elongated and narrow.</p><p>Etymology. The root of the compound name Paxiximyia refers to the locality where the hosts of this tachinid fly were collected (“Morro do Paxixi”). The suffix “myia” is the Greek word for fly.</p><p>Remarks. In the New World, there are some records of Polyneoptera parasitism by genera in the Oedematocera genus group. Phasmophaga has been reared from Agathemera crassa (Blanchard, 1851) and Anisomorpha buprestoides (Stoll, 1813) (Phasmatodea: Agathemeridae and Pseudophasmatidae) (Neff and Eisner, 1960; Cortés, 1968). Anisia has been reared from Schistocerca americana (Drury, 1770), S. paranensis (Burmeister, 1861), Romalea microptera (Beauvois, 1817), and Ceuthophilus latibuli Scudder, 1894 ( Orthoptera: Acrididae, Romaleidae and Gryllidae) (Aldrich, 1927, 1928; Guimarães, 1977; Wood and Zumbado, 2010), recorded in cockroaches Parcoblatta sp. or spp. ( Blattodea: Ectobiidae) (Gemeno et al., 2002) and in earwigs (Forficuloidea: Forficulidae) (Parker, 1953). Tettigoniophaga is known as parasitoid of Cycloptera aurantifolia (Stoll, 1787) ( Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) (Guimarães, 1978). Miamimyiops hosts are unknown, while Miamimyia and Neophasmophaga are documented as parasitoids of the coackroach, Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus, 1758) ( Blattodea: Blattidae), and the walking stick, Prisopus sacratus (Olivier, 1792) (Phasmatodea: Prisopodidae), respectively (Arnaud, 1978; Guimarães, 1982). The new taxon described here, P. sulmatogrossensis n. gen. and n. sp., reared from U. borellii, is the first record of parasitism in this host by a tachinid fly.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/472DEA00FFF0251A57250B60FD006C4F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Toma, Ronaldo;Olivier, Renan da Silva	Toma, Ronaldo, Olivier, Renan da Silva (2018): Paxiximyia sulmatogrossensis, a new genus and species of Tachinidae (Diptera) reared from Urucumania borellii (Giglio-Tos, 1897) (Phasmatodea: Pseudophasmatidae) collected in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia (Rev. Bras. Entomol.) 62 (1): 71-76, DOI: 10.1016/j.rbe.2017.10.004, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2017.10.004
472DEA00FFF3251D57C20830FF1D6F01.text	472DEA00FFF3251D57C20830FF1D6F01.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paxiximyia sulmatogrossensis Toma & Olivier 2018	<div><p>Paxiximyia sulmatogrossensis Toma &amp; Olivier, n. sp. (Figs. 1–8).</p><p>Type series: One male labeled: HOLOTYPE [red label] \ Paxiximyia sulmatogrossensis Toma &amp; Olivier n. gen. and n. sp. \ Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana, Camisão, M. do Paxixi, 394 m, 20 ◦ 27 l 00.5 llS /55 ◦ 37 l 20.8 llW, 19.I.2017, Olivier, R., Chamorro, J. &amp; Costa, P.J. col. \ Host Urucumania borellii (Giglio-Tos, 1897) ♀, Emerg. from host: 20.jan.2017, Emerg. from puparium 04.fev.2017 \ ZUFMSDIP00002; three males labeled: PARATYPE [yellow label] \ Paxiximyia sulmatogrossensis Toma &amp; Olivier n. gen. and n. sp. \ Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana, Camisão, M. do Paxixi, 394 m, 20 ◦ 27 l 00.5 llS /55 ◦ 37 l 20.8 llW, 19.I.2017, Olivier, R., Chamorro, J. &amp; Costa, P.J. col. \ Host Urucumania borellii (Giglio-Tos, 1897) ♀, Emerg. from host: 21.jan.2017, Emerg. from puparium: 04.fev.2017 \ ZUFMSDIP00003–00005 [specimen ZUFMSDIP00005 donate to MZUSP] ; one male labeled: PARATYPE [yellow label] \ Paxiximyia sulmatogrossensis Toma &amp; Olivier n. gen. and n. sp. \ Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana, Camisão, M. do Paxixi, 394 m, 20 ◦ 27 l 00.5 llS /55 ◦ 37 l 20.8 llW, 19.I.2017, Olivier, R., Chamorro, J. &amp; Costa, P.J. col. \ Host Urucumania borellii (Giglio-Tos, 1897) ♀, Emerg. from host: 21.jan.2017, Emerg. from puparium 05.fev.2017 \ ZUFMSDIP00006 ; one male labeled: PARATYPE [yellow label] \ Paxiximyia sulmatogrossensis Toma &amp; Olivier n. gen. and n. sp. \ Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana, Camisão, M. do Paxixi, 394 m, 20 ◦ 27 l 00.5 llS /55 ◦ 37 l 20.8 llW, 19.I.2017, Olivier, R., Chamorro, J. &amp; Costa, P.J. col. \ Host Urucumania borellii (Giglio-Tos, 1897) ♀, Emerg. from host: 24.jan.2017, Emerg. from puparium 07.fev.2017 \ ZUFMSDIP00007 .</p><p>Type locality. Morro do Paxixi, Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil (20 ◦ 27 l 00.5 llS /55 ◦ 37 l 20.8 llW).</p><p>Description. Male. Measurements (mm): body length: 9.82; wing length: 7.06.</p><p>Coloration (Figs. 1–4): Head pale yellow in background color covered with silvery pruinosity, except vertex, ocellar triangle, and fronto-orbirtal plate appearing brown from certain angles, overlaid with pale golden or golden pruinosity; frontal vitta dark brown; scape reddish brown; pedicel and first flagellomere dark brown, except apex of the pedicel and basal fourth of the first flagellomere yellowish; palpus yellow; proboscis brown; thorax dark brown in background color, except postpronotum and sides of scutum and scutellum lighter brown. Thorax covered with silvery pruinosity, except part of postpronotum, scutum, and scutellum pale golden pruinose. Scutum in posterodorsal view with four dark brown stripes, two lateral on the dorsocentral rows and two lateral on the acrostichal rows, the latter not reaching posterior margin of scutum; wing hyaline with yellowish veins; calipters whitish; halter yellow; leg black with moderate silvery pruinosity on tibia; abdomen dark brown in background color overlaid with silvery pruinosity (sometimes with slightly gold pruinosity at certain angles) on at least basal half of syntergite 1 + 2 and tergites 3, 4, and 5, except dorsal depression of syntergite 1 + 2.</p><p>Head (Figs. 2, 3): Vertex about 0.24 head width in dorsal view; inner vertical seta developed and slightly reclinate; outer vertical seta about 0.57 length of inner vertical setae; ocellar seta almost as long as inner vertical seta; fronto-orbital plate with about seven setae, the uppermost seta shorter; the lowermost seta at the level of apex of pedicel; two reclinate orbital setae, the anteriormost about 1.6× length of the posteriormost; first flagellomere length about 2.6× of pedicel; aristomere 3 length about 1.7× of first flagellomere; facial ridge with setae on lower fourth, setae 0.2–0.32 length of vibrissa; subvibrissal ridge with one or two setae; ventral margin of gena with three or four stout setae. Thorax (Figs. 5 and 6): Postpronotum with three basal and one short anterior setae, the middle basal seta displaced slightly frontward in line with the outer basal and the anterior setae; acrostichal setae 2 + 3 with posteriormost presutural seta about 1.4× length of preceding seta and posteriormost postsutural seta about 1.6× length of preceding seta; dorsocentral setae 2 + 3 with posteriormost postsutural seta about 1.3× length of preceding seta; intra-alar setae 1 + 3 or 2 + 3, anteriormost presutural if present less than half length of the posteriomost presutural seta; the posteriormost postsutural seta about 1.45× length of preceding seta; supra-alar setae 0 + 3 with the second postsutural seta longest, about 3.5× length of preceding seta and about 2.2× length of posteriormost seta; three postalar setae, the second seta longest, about twice length of preceding seta and about three times length of posteriormost seta; intrapostalar seta slightly shorter than the posteriormost postsutural acrostichal seta; katepisternum with three setae: the anterior and posterior katepisternal setae longer and stouter than anteroventral katepisternal seta; scutellum with the lateral scutellar setae about half as long as the subapical setae, but longer than the apical setae; mid tibia with one long anterodorsal seta, flanked by one or two smaller setae; hind tibia with three or four stout anterodorsal setae increasing in size from the base to the middle of the tibia, followed by the fourth minor seta (sometimes absent); hind tibia with one long posterodorsal seta and two or three smaller and more basal setae. Abdomen and Terminalia (Figs. 3, 5, 6): Syntergyte 1 + 2 and tergite 3 with one pair of median marginal setae and one pair of lateral marginal setae; tergite 4 and 5 with a row of median marginal setae; tergites 3 and 4 with one pair of discal setae; tergite 5 with a row of discal setae close to the row of median marginal setae on this tergite; sternite 5 with U-shaped median cleft; pregonite tapering and slightly curved outward and downward; in profile cercus broad along its entire length, slightly wider than dorsal portion of epandrium and rounded apically; inner surface of the cerci with a patch of short hairs on its posterior border and apical third; anterior margin of the cerci folded inwards and visible in posterior view; in profile surstyli slightly arched, about 0.8 length of cerci.</p><p>Female: unknown.</p><p>Measurements of type specimens. Type specimens withered after mounting and only one specimen preserved its body length, which was used in the description. The other measurements (mm) after the drying were (n = 4): body length: 7.77–8.09 (7.89); wing length: 6.44–7.05 (6.67).</p><p>Description of puparium (Figs. 7 and 8): Measurements of puparia (n = 2): Puparium I. length = 7.23 mm, width = 3.02 mm; Puparium II. length = 7.30 mm, width = 2.87 mm. Puparium reddish brown; subelliptical with both ends rounded; posterior spiracles narrowly separated, only slightly raised above the surface, located above horizontal axis, color dark brown except for three reddish brown slits, each one located on top of a small ridge. Anal opening far below posterior spiracles.</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the Brazilian state in which the host was collected.</p><p>Geographic distribution. Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul: Aquidauana) (Fig. 9).</p><p>Remarks. Emergence and viability of the tachinid larvae: five larvae emerged from an aperture (length = 7.40 mm) between second and third abdominal pleurites on the left side of the body (length = 75.00 mm) of a female host (Fig. 10) (ZUFMSPHA00001), three on January 20 and two on January 21, 2017. All larvae from the female host became adult flies. Three larvae emerged from an aperture (length = 3.70 mm) in the first abdominal pleurite on the right side of body (length = 64.00 mm) (Fig. 2) of a male host (Fig.11) (ZUFMSPHA00002) on January 24, 2017, but only one became an adult fly. Development time from emergence of larvae to emergence of adult flies was 14–15 days.</p><p>Geographical distribution of the host. Urucumania borellii was described from Paraguay in 1897 by Giglio-Tos and all records before the present study were from Assunción, San Pedro, San Bernardino, and Puerto Bertoni in that country and Cuiabá in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. This paper presents new records from Brazil of specimens collected and/or photographed in the following cities: Aquidauana, Campo Grande, Bodoquena (Cordeiro, L., pers. comm., April 2017) (Fig. 9). The records obtained for this walking stick species are mainly from Cerrado phytophysiognomies, such as “cerradão”, but also from riparian forests and transitions between plateau (Cerrado) and lowlands (Pantanal), for example in Aquidauana. Probably U. borellii is widely distributed in the Cerrado domain, which would potentially increase the geographic distribution of P. sulmatogrossensis n. gen. and n. sp .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/472DEA00FFF3251D57C20830FF1D6F01	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Toma, Ronaldo;Olivier, Renan da Silva	Toma, Ronaldo, Olivier, Renan da Silva (2018): Paxiximyia sulmatogrossensis, a new genus and species of Tachinidae (Diptera) reared from Urucumania borellii (Giglio-Tos, 1897) (Phasmatodea: Pseudophasmatidae) collected in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia (Rev. Bras. Entomol.) 62 (1): 71-76, DOI: 10.1016/j.rbe.2017.10.004, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2017.10.004
